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2024 年中考英语新课标话题综合突破
08-人与自然(二)----宇宙探索(B卷)
一、完形填空
A
Do you know what the word “Taikonaut” means? Compared with the word “astronaut”, we find both of the two
1 have the same last five letters. It has a relationship with the word “astronaut”.
“Taikonaut” is made up of “taikong” and “astronaut”. It means “Chinese astronaut”. It was 2 by a
Malaysian Chinese called Zhao Liyu. In Western countries, there was a word “astronaut”, 3 in Russia, there
was a word “cosmonaut”. So he thought that China should have her 4 word to call astronauts. The using of
the word “taikonaut” shows that China’s space industry is developing 5 , and has a place in the world.
In Nov. 1999, China sent Shenzhou-1 successfully. In Oct. 2003, China’s first taikonaut Yang Liwei returned
from 6 safely. On Oct. 16, 2021, the Shenzhou-13 mission (任务) sent three taikonauts to the space station
for a six-month stay. And China 7 the building of its space station in 2023.
On Feb. 15th 2022, Wang Yaping, one of the taikonauts on China’s space station offered people on Earth a zero-
gravity (失重状态) musical performance to 8 the Lantern, Festival. The video of the performance received
much enthusiasm (热情) after it was shared online. They also sent the best wishes to 9 at the Beijing Winter
Olympics: “We hope that you all achieve 10 , win friendship and get your best Olympic experience. ”
1．A．books B．words C．songs D．answers
2．A．invented B．accepted C．borrowed D．changed
3．A．if B．because C．and D．so
4．A．similar B．own C．famous D．lucky
5．A．quickly B．hardly C．politely D．heavily
6．A．hospital B．space C．museum D．restaurant
7．A．described B．saved C．checked D．completed
8．A．discover B．order C．celebrate D．review
9．A．players B．parents C．students D．friends
10．A．news B．advice C．information D．success
B
If you are dreaming of becoming an astronaut after you grow up, get started now! An astronaut needs a 1
body and mind. Astronauts are able to live upside-down (倒立). They do this not just during sleep, but also when
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eating and going to the toilet. Before they live in space, they have lots of 2 . Each upside-down training
time 3 for 20 days.
Chinese astronauts aren’t just spaceship drivers but also machine 4 and scientists. They have to know
every 5 of the spaceship and how it works. If something goes wrong, they’ve got to know 6 to
repair it. Also they do scientific experiments in space.
Astronauts took a knife, a gun and some dye (染色水) with them into space to keep safe when returning to the
earth. If they land in 7 , the knife and the gun can protect them from wild animals. If they fall into the sea,
the dye can color the seawater around them yellow. This can drive 8 sea animals away.
Astronauts must be in good health. They can’t get a hurt or be 9 because they have to 10
many things. They’ve got no time for sickness.
1．A．similar B．strong C．poor D．smart
2．A．practice B．sports C．running D．information
3．A．keeps B．costs C．lasts D．lives
4．A．teachers B．painters C．engineers D．farmers
5．A．toilet B．person C．fact D．part
6．A．what B．why C．where D．how
7．A．forests B．streets C．cities D．parks
8．A．necessary B．lively C．dangerous D．lovely
9．A．lazy B．sick C．crazy D．strict
10．A．look after B．look at C．look up D．look out
二、阅读理解
A
Do you still remember the time when Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut to go into space? More
than 20 years has passed and another 19 astronauts have already reached for the stars. They had gone through a lot
before they became such national heroes.
Astronauts face tons of challenges during space travels. For example, the changes in gravity(重力) can have
an influence on their bodies, and living in a small spacecraft for months can impair their health. And when
unexpected things happen, they have to use all their knowledge and problem - solving skills under huge pressure. So
it’s not surprising that astronauts have to go through some seriously difficult training to make sure they come back
home safely.
Huang Weifen, an expert on China’s manned space project, said in an interview with CCTV News that
astronauts need to learn about over 200 subjects during their training. They don’t just try their best to get fit—they
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also study science theories, practice simulated (模拟) tasks and so on. One of the most tiring parts of this training is
underwater training. Huang explained that each time, astronauts spend up to six hours underwater wearing suits
weighing over 100 kilograms. Moving around becomes even harder because water makes everything feel heavy.
“Nie Haisheng once lost two kilograms of weight after completing an underwater training exercise,” Huang added.
Each astronaut has to prepare for at least eighteen months before they’re allowed to go into space.
You can’t imagine how hard the training is. Success always belongs to the one who has been well prepared.
Let’s look up to our national heroes.
1．How many Chinese astronauts have already traveled in the space so far?
A．19. B．20. C．22
2．What does the underlined word “impair” in Para 2 probably mean?
A．hurt B．check C．improve
3．Huang Weifen mentioned Nie Haisheng to show that ________.
A．astronauts are full of energy
B．underwater training is hard
C．training astronauts takes time
4．What’s the structure of the passage?
A． B． C．
5．Which saying best shows the main idea of the passage?
A．The key to success is effort.
B．Every success story starts with a dream.
C．Success is falling nine times and getting up ten.
B
The earth is now covered by space junk after nearly 70 years of space exploration. An accident in 2023 made
the clean-up more difficult to start.
According to the European Space Agency (ESA), scientists plan on testing their “junk truck”, ClearSpace-1,
in 2025. It’s a spacecraft with four arms that can catch debris (碎片) and bring it back to the earth. One of its tasks is
to bring back VESPA, a 113-kilogram, two-metre-wide rocket part.
But it was hit by another piece of space junk in August 2023, creating new pieces. The ESA is now changing
its clean-up plan. “We must reduce the creation of new space debris and begin to actively reduce the influence on
other objects,” said the agency.
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Most satellites today are sent into the earth’s low orbit (轨道), which reach up to around 2,000 kilometres
above the earth. There, spacecraft are most likely to hit each other. There may be as many as 170,000,000 pieces of
space junk in orbit, according to the ESA．Big or small, any of the pieces can cause harm to a spacecraft. For
example, if an object as large as 10 centimeters hit s a satellite, the satellite will break apart.
As for the clean-up, scientists have some other ideas. One popular plan is to send a spacecraft carrying
harpoons and magnets (磁铁). The craft would shoot the harpoon to stick into the debris before “throwing” it back to
the earth. Magnets could move the debris, changing its direction. The debris would burn after entering the earth’s
atmosphere so there wouldn’t be much left when it reaches the earth. Scientists are also considering shooting lasers
from the spacecraft to heat up the debris surface, creating a small push that would change the debris’ orbit. This
change would allow the debris to be caught by the earth’s gravity.
Space junk can be very dangerous, and space agencies around the world are testing and planning the clean-up.
But why haven’t they done anything yet? One reason is the high cost. But they will still keep on testing the cheap
and fine clean-up.
1．What is the main purpose of ClearSpace-1?
A．To test the junk truck in orbit. B．To bring VESPA back to the earth.
C．To avoid the accidents in space. D．To clean up the debris from the earth’s orbit.
2．Why is the ESA changing its cleaning plan now?
A．Because it was hit by a satellite. B．Because it discovered more debris in orbit.
C．Because it will create new space junk. D．Because more satellites are sent into the earth.
3．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The lasers from the spacecraft are to burn the debris.
B．Space debris is dangerous and harmful to astronauts.
C．Scientists have been doing research to clean up the space debris.
D．The high cost of space cleaning will stop scientists from testing.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Looking for Ways to Clean up Space B．Escaping from Crowded Space
C．Dangerous Space Debris D．Excellent Space Exploration
C
Have you ever burped (打嗝) after a meal? Recently, scientists from Harvard University found a black hole that
“burped out” the star it had “eaten”.
Back in 2018, a small star was seen to be “eaten” by a black hole that is 665 million light years away from
Earth. Three years later, the same black hole became active again. This time, it began ejecting (喷出) materials of the
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star at half the speed of light. This event is called AT2018hyz.
“This caught us completely by surprise —no one has ever seen anything like this before,” said Yvette Cendes, a
researcher on this.
A black hole’s eating of a star is called a tidal disruption event (TDE). Although TDEs happened a few times
before, but the ejecting has only taken place at the same time as the eating, not three years later. What’s more, the
speed of the materials ejected from the black hole is also unusual, as most TDE outflows travel at 10% the speed of
light rather than half of it.
The team thought about the possible reasons behind the event. They first turned to the density theory (密度理
论). If the density is very high around the black hole, the materials might be drawn out, causing a “burp”. Another
explanation was that the other TDEs happened in directions that could not be seen from Earth. So other black holes’
gravity drew the materials out.
However, scientists have not yet found the true reason. But they say they will work hard on it.
1．What does the author compare a black hole to?
A．A star. B．A meal. C．A person. D．A university.
2．What is TRUE about the black hole in Paragraph 2?
A．It was named AT2018hyz. B．It became active again in 2021.
C．It moves at half the speed of light. D．It is 665 million light years away from the sun.
3．Why was Yvette Cendes surprised about AT2018hyz?
A．Black holes usually eject materials. B．TDEs have happened several times before.
C．The ejecting is three years later than the eating. D．The ejected materials travel at 10% the speed of
light.
4．What will scientists probably do in the future?
A．Write papers about stars. B．Give lectures on AT2018hyz.
C．Make movies about black holes. D．Conduct research on the reason.
5．What is the best title of this passage?
A．A Black Hole “Burped” B．How a TDE Happens
C．A Black Hole “Ate” a Star D．How the Density Theory Works
D
Strange events in the sky, such as speeding lights or flying objects, which cannot be explained are called UFOs.
Some people believe they could be a sign of aliens.
Many people think there are intelligent life forms in the universe (宇宙) other than humans. However, millions
of pounds have been spent searching for aliens and no one has found proof (证据). Some people think it is a waste of
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money and people’s skills. So, is searching for aliens worth the money and effort? Here are two different voices.
It’s a mystery that needs to be solved. “Are humans alone in the universe?” is a question that has inspired
centuries of debate (辩论), dating back thousands of years and at least as far as the ancient Greeks. It is a question
that has inspired hundreds of books and films, which shows how important it is to people. If someone sees a UFO,
we need to find out what it is. Scientists searching for aliens could create new technologies and these could do good
to Earth. For example, the small, lightweight camera on phones was developed so astronauts could take photos in
space. Plus, if we were to discover aliens, we might be able to share knowledge with each other and create
friendships across the universe.
________ There are many important problems here on Earth—such as climate (气候) change. People should
focus energy on these rather than searching the universe for aliens that might not even exist (存在). Many people
have spent lots of money trying to find signs of alien life and there is no result. Videos of flashing lights and strange
objects in the sky might make good stories but in fact there is probably a reasonable explanation, such as a dirty
mark on the camera lens (镜头). Besides, if aliens do exist, they will probably find us first so we might as well stop
wasting our energy on them and spend it making Earth a better place to live.
1．Paragraph 2 mainly focuses on ________.
A．what aliens are like B．what people’s different opinions are
C．how people found proof D．how much money has been wasted
2．According to paragraph 3, searching for aliens could ________.
A．make people more friendly B．have started from ancient Greeks
C．inspire humans’ creativity D．develop the entertainment business
3．Which of the following can be put in ________?
A．Humans have tried for years to find UFOs B．People should put more effort into space
C．The money could be put to better use D．More discoveries do good to Earth
4．The underlined word “these” refers to ________.
A．signs of alien life B．stories on science
C．videos of flashing lights D．problems on Earth
5．A debate is given to make readers ________.
A．discuss a subject B．show off abilities
C．compete for a prize D．learn from mistakes
三、任务型阅读
A
请阅读下面短文，回答所提的问题，把答案写在答题卡指定的位置上。
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Gui Haichao is a bright star in many people’s eyes. On May 30th, 2023, he took the Shenzhou-16 to the space
station. He became China’s first civilian (平民) astronaut to go into space.
Gui comes from Yunnan. Now in his 30s, Gui works as a teacher at Beihang University. He believes
“Knowledge can change your life.” and “Nothing is impossible.”
“He likes reading very much,” said Gui Haiyi, Gui Haichao’s younger brother. “He reads books every day. He
sets a good example for us.”
Yang Hongzhu is Gui’s high school teacher. He said, “Gui could make good use of time. He was the first one to
come to the classroom every morning. Then he sat at his desk and began to read. He liked asking teachers and
classmates questions in the school in the day time. After school, he would study late into the night.” He studied very
hard, so his classmates’ parents liked calling him “the boy next door”.
“As students, we should have our own dreams and study hard to make them come true.” Gui kept this in mind
and encouraged himself and his classmates to do so when he was in the high school and the university.
1. How did Gui Haichao fly to the space station?
____________________________________________________________
2. Which university does Gui Haichao teach at?
____________________________________________________________
3. What does he believe?
____________________________________________________________
4. Why was Gui Haichao called “the boy next door” by others?
____________________________________________________________
5. What did Gui Haichao say to encourage himself and his classmates?
____________________________________________________________
B
1. The earth is a planet and it goes around the sun. Seven other planets also go around the sun. None of them
has an environment like that of the earth. That means these planets have no (or not enough) water or air for living
things. So scientists do not think they will find life on the other planets.
2. The sun and its planets are called the solar system, and our solar system is a small part of a much larger group
of stars and planets, called the Galaxy. There are billions of stars in the Galaxy, and our sun is only one of them.
3. Scientists have also discovered many other galaxies in the universe. They are very far away and their light
has to travel for many years to reach us. So how large is the universe? It is impossible to imagine. Scientists have
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sent spaceships to the planet Mars to take photos. They have even sent spaceships to travel outside the solar system.
However, no spaceship has traveled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.
4. Scientists have always asked the questions: with so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life
out there in space? Have there been visitors to the earth from other planets? Why has no one communicated with us?
We do not know the answers... yet.
1. 选择(只填字母代号)，请将下列三个选项按照体积大小排列：
A. the Galaxy B. the earth C. the sun D. the universe
D > ________ > ________ > ________
2. The title of this passage is ________
A．Anyone out there? B．Life on the Earth. C．The Sun and Other Stars.
3. 英译汉：their light has to travel for many years to reach us
___________________________________________________
根据文章内容回答问题
4. How many planets does the sun have?
__________________________________________________
5. Why do scientists think there are no living things on the other planets?
__________________________________________________
6. What is called the Galaxy?
__________________________________________________
7. 填空
①“They” in the third paragraph means ________.
Elon Musk is among these scientists. He is the CEO of SpaceXTM. He wants to build a community on Mars. He
imagines a million people will live there someday. He will send 100 people to Mars in 2024. Two years later, 100
more will go. Every two years, 100 people will travel there. They will build a community and there will be homes
and shops.
②In the picture Elon Musk says, “Though ________.”
③As a teenager, I think that life on Mars ________ (请写出预测和原因). Let’s ________ (结合预测写出展
望).
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四、短文填空
A
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
The Shenzhou-17 manned mission (飞行任务) has a unique logo which was designed by a university student,
Tan Haoyu.
When she was a child, Tan loved drawing. She always s 1 hours copying her favourite characters. Her art
teacher once told her she had no talent for art. However, it did not stop her from following her d 2 . She kept on
working hard. Her hard work paid off at last. Her design has been selected (选定) for the Shenzhou-17 mission. And
it is the only student work that is c 3 in the history of China’s manned space engineering.
Tan’s design of the logo is creative. She focused on expressing the necessary information, such as the space
station, stars, the earth, and the u 4 . The spaceship is in the center and its tail flame is the n 5 “17.” She
enjoyed the challenge of combining these things to create the best possible design. A 6 it was not easy work, Tan
worked hard to create the logo. It can pass on the mission’s message. It is a circular (圆形的) design w 7 a blue
background. Tan believes it could get people to think of space and the sky.
Besides her success in design, Tan also enjoys creating other artworks in her f 8 time. Her drawing style is
charming and playful. Now Tan feels a s 9 of confidence as a designer, “Whenever I doubt myself, this
experience will e 10 me to stick to the path of design.”
B
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
The Chang’e-6 will be launched (发射) this year. And it will c 1 samples (样本) from the far side of the
moon. This is a b 2 challenge for scientists and Chang’e-6. And they will be sure to become the p 3 of
Chinese people.
On December 17, 2020, Chang’e 5 r 4 to Earth with 1,731 grams of lunar samples. The scientists
discovered the new mineral w 5 they were studying the samples. And the new mineral was n 6 “Changesite-
( Y )”. Changesite-(Y) is the sixth new mineral discovered on the moon by h 7 . China has become the
t 8 country in the world to find new minerals on the moon after the United States and the Soviet Union. This is a
great a 9 China has made in the field of space science. And it is also a successful cooperation b 10 nuclear
(原子能的) and aerospace fields.
According to a white paper, China will continue its lunar exploration with the future Chang’e-7 and Chang’e-8
missions.
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10
