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2024 年中考英语新课标话题综合突破
03-人与社会(二)----历史、社会与文化 (A卷)
一、完形填空
A
Almost every Chinese person knows the two lines of the famous poem, “Every grain on the plate comes from
hard work (谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).” 1 sadly, many of us don’t actually get the real meaning of these
lines: Don’t waste food.
A CCTV program reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is much enough to feed 200
million people for a year. Do we have too 2 food? Of course not. According to the UN World Food
Program, there were 828 million 3 people around the world in 2022, especially in developing countries.
Chinese people are famous 4 being friendly. Many Chinese 5 even think that they lose face
if their guests (客人) eat all the food on the table. 6 , many people know the importance of saving food now.
Here are some rules for you to save food.
Don’t order too much in the 7 . Only order as much as you can eat. If you cannot eat all the food,
take the rest of 8 to your home.
Don’t 9 any food in your bowls when you have meals.
Remember, we should take these rules 1 0 .
1．A．Although B．But C．So D．Because
2．A．many B．little C．much D．few
3．A．hungry B．old C．fat D．healthy
4．A．in B．of C．as D．for
5．A．workers B．hosts C．farmers D．waiters
6．A．Hardly B．Unluckily C．Luckily D．Usually
7．A．restaurant B．school C．hospital D．library
8．A．him B．them C．mine D．it
9．A．eat B．leave C．drink D．wash
10．A．seriously B．happily C．sadly D．finally
B
Xiong Chuanfa, 36, has been working with sugar figurines (糖人), a traditional Chinese folk art with a history
of over 600 years, for more than 20 years.
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Every morning, Xiong drives to areas near Wanshou Palace, one of the most 1 blocks in Nanchang,
Jiangxi. And then he starts 2 sugar figurines.
“Many people are interested in this, 3 kids,” Xiong said. “After all, they don’t see it often. Some
think that I’m doing a 4 show.”
Simon, a young man from Australia who ever studied at Nunehang Hangkong University, lost 5 in a
sugar Monkey King at Xiong’s stall (摊位). It was so 6 . He couldn’t help thinking what it would be like
7 he tried to make one himself. And then he did.
“It looks easy, but actually very difficult to do it on my own,” said Simon after several 8 . With
Xiong’s help, Simon finally 9 a horse gradually taking shape in front of his eyes.
“I can’t believe I’ve done this,” Simon said with 1 0 .
Xiong often shows his 1 1 beside colleges or universities to draw the young closer to the traditional
art. For this reason, he is ready to make them 1 2 its charm (魅力).
Xiong said that blowing sugar figurines can 1 3 the Ming Dynasty and that his family has been
doing this for four generations (一代人). “Every traditional folk art in China should have a 1 4 , and people
like us are here to make sure of that,” he added. “They are symbols of the Chinese culture. They should be 15
around the world. I hope that one day the rest of the world can enjoy it too—a sweet taste of China.”
1．A．special B．popular C．creative D．educational
2．A．blowing B．littering C．knocking D．cutting
3．A．gradually B．hardly C．especially D．nearly
4．A．simple B．magic C．humorous D．typical
5．A．itself B．myself C．herself D．himself
6．A．soft B．sweet C．real D．ugly
7．A．unless B．so C．though D．if
8．A．tries B．wishes C．visits D．orders
9．A．drew B．saw C．rode D．tied
10．A．agreement B．argument C．excitement D．encouragement
11．A．skills B．grades C．secrets D．rules
12．A．expect B．experience C．explain D．express
13．A．look up to B．pay attention to C．look forward to D．date back to
14．A．pity B．hobby C．future D．dream
15．A．spread B．caught C．held D．spoken
二、阅读理解
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A
The Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period was an age of great culture development in China. Here
are some great characters of that time.
Shang Yang reformed many fields. Before the reform (改革，变法), he placed a log (原
木) at the gate and promised, “If someone can move the log, he will get a reward.” No one
believed him until someone moved the log and Shang really gave him the reward.
Do you know Lu Ban lock? It is a removable toy. Lu Ban created it for his son. His son
studied all night before opening it. He also invented many tools and weapons (武器).
Once, an official fell unconscious (昏迷的). Everyone thought he was dead except Bian
Que. Bian Que felt his weak pulse (脉搏) and said. “He will wake up in two days.” Two
days later, the official woke up. Everyone was amazed.
When Bo Ya played guqin, even the horses looked up, listened to his music and stopped
eating. Bo Ya’s friend, Zhong Ziqi, understood his music. They liked each other. After
Zhong died, Bo broke his guqin and never played such instruments any more.
1. Why did Shang Yang make a promise before the reform?
A．To give people a reward. B．To make people believe him.
C．To sell the log at the market. D．To fix the gate of the building.
2. According to the passage, we can know that _____________.
A．Shang Yang failed his reform B．Zhong Ziqi was good at playing guqin
C．Lu Ban was an ancient inventor D．Bian Que once made a dead person back to life
3. What’s the main theme of the passages above?
A．Chinese medicine. B．Traditional music.
C．Famous ancient Chinese. D．Important inventions.
B
The word “Yongfeng” in Chinese means forever wealth. It is also the name of a village in Jilin Province.
Growing up in Yongfeng Village, 23-year-old Jin Wanting valued fun days playing games in the fields and missed
sweet potatoes in winter. These joyful childhood moments became her happiest memories. She thinks it is a valuable
ground that connects her past with future.
While in college, Jin learned computer science and planned to be a programmer. However, an invitation from
the village officer changed her mind. “The village is developing, and it needs skilled young people. I considered
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returning to the village as a great chance to both challenge myself and contribute (做贡献) to my hometown,” she
said.
Jin returned to Yongfeng Village and became the manager of a Western-style restaurant there. Before Jin joined
the restaurant, most of its customers were young tourists because older people usually prefer traditional Chinese
food. To change this situation, Jin and the cooks carefully developed several fast food by connecting Western
elements with Chinese materials. These dishes quickly got popular among older customers.
In 2017, Yongfeng Village was known as a poor area, but thanks to the government, the village has developed a
lot. “I personally saw the village’s changes. These changes have brought many business chances for young people,”
Jin said.
Jin’s childhood friend, Lv Shengnan, decided to return even before Jin did. Lv said, “I wish more young people
to return to their hometowns and contribute to their development.”
1. What does Jin think of Yongfeng Village?
A．It is a poor village. B．It connects her past with future.
C．It reminds her of the saddest time. D．It is a terrible ground in Jilin Province.
2. Why did Jin and Lv decide to return to their hometown according to the text?
A．To make more friends. B．To be a village officer.
C．To enjoy traditional Chinese food. D．To make contributions to their hometown.
3. What’s the main idea of paragraph 4?
A．Yongfeng Village is known as a poor area.
B．The college students in the village saw the village’s changes.
C．Changes have brought many learning chances for young people.
D．Yongfeng Village has developed a lot with the help of the government.
4. What's the best title of the passage?
A．Jobs for College Students B．Youthful Return to Hometown
C．Restaurants in Yongfeng Village D．Business Chances for Young People
C
The Netherlands is low-lying and influenced by the north sea wind, which caused floods to happen easily in the
past. In order to deal with the problem, the Dutch used thousands of windmills. So the Netherlands became the
famous land of windmills. With this invention, the Dutch set a special date and held some activities. It’s held on the
second Saturday of May each year. Gradually, Windmill Day becomes a traditional folk festival in the Netherlands.
On this day, pictures shaped of windmills are everywhere. Many shops are filled with colorful windmill art
pieces. Children also like to draw windmills on the doors and windows.
Windmills have different purposes in different states. They bring good luck to people in most situations. When
the flag is hung on the windmill, it may mean that a baby is born, or a couple are holding a wedding. When the fan of
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windmill is like a cross, it means that some important guests are coming and they are warmly welcomed. However,
when the windmill is at rest and backward, it mainly tells us that something bad has happened.
Nowadays, during your visit in the Netherlands, you can choose the windmill museums. Also, you can go to the
local windmill villages. There are still more than 1000 windmills around the country, with many still in use. Every
windmill is covered in red and green and is slowly running to greet you.
1. People in Netherlands mainly use windmills to ________ .
A．produce electricity B．do with floods
C．celebrate festivals D．welcome visitors
2. How do the Dutch celebrate Windmill Day? ________
①They decorate the public places with pictures shaped of windmills.
②Shop owners prepare lots of colorful windmill art pieces.
③They fix the fan of windmill as the shape of a cross.
④Young kids draw windmills on the doors and windows.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④
3. Which picture of windmills shows the coming of a newborn? ________
A．
B． C． D．
4. What can we know from the text? ________
A．Visitors can only enjoy windmills in museums.
B．Windmills bring good luck to people in all situations.
C．There are fewer than 1000 windmills across the country.
D．A still windmill means something bad has happened.
5. In which part of a magazine can we read the text? ________
A．Culture. B．Human. C．Language. D．Science.
D
Have you ever imagined that a mobile-phone maker could produce cars one day? Xiaomi answered this
question with its newly produced electric car SU7.
Three years ago. Lei Jun announced that he would make cars. At that time, online users joked that he should
make electric cars as his name has something to do with electricity. Over the years, even the electronics giant like
Apple gave up the idea of making electric cars. However, Lei Jun kept his words and really made it.
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The company, best known for its popular smartphones, showed its SU7 model on March 28 in China this year.
Actually, it is the first electric car from a phone maker. The SU7 would sell for 215,900 yuan to 299.900 yuan in
China. The starting price is about 30,000 yuan cheaper than Tesla’s Model 3, which starts at 245.900 yuan.
“This is to keep my promise made three years ago,” he wrote on Tuesday. Lei also added that he’s confident
about entering the EV (电动汽车) market, though the competition is strong.
The SU7 comes as EV makers fight for sales in China. Xiaomi may face some sales problems as companies like
BYD and Tesla are cutting prices to attract customers to buy their EVs. However, Xiaomi may have some
advantages over competitors since it is already well-known and has plenty of faithful customers called Mi Fans.
Whether SU7 will be a success is unknown, but just as Lei Jun said to many young people, life is a long-time
race, and temporary (暂时) success or failure is not important. We should believe in dreams and keep making a try.
1. What do we know about Xiaomi according to the passage?
A．It is famous for making cars.
B．Its first electric car is a great success.
C．It has no strong competitors in the EV market.
D．The starting price of its car is lower than Tesla’s Model 3.
2. How does the writer show Lei Jun’s character of never giving up in paragraph 2?
A．By interviewing his fans. B．By listing some numbers.
C．By using online users’ words. D．By comparing with others.
3. Why is Lei Jun confident about entering the EV market?
A．Because Xiaomi is already loved by many.
B．Because most people choose electric cars now.
C．Because SU7 is the best electric car in the world.
D．Because BYD and Tesla have cut prices to attract customers.
4. What would the passage mainly want to tell us?
A．Failure is the mother of success. B．It is never too old to learn.
C．The early bird catches the worm. D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
三、任务型阅读
Sophie, a 14-year-old British girl, suddenly changed her behavior in class. She lost interest in studies and would sit
in the corner with her head mostly down.
Ethan Miller, one of Sophie’s teachers, discovered that she was bullied (欺凌) online. Sophie was receiving
abusive (辱骂) messages on her phone and on Faccbook. Miller shared Sophie’s story on the official website of The
Children’s Society, a children’s charity in the UK.
Sophie was not alone. One in three young people, in 30 countries, said they have experienced online bullying.
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Twenty percent of those bullied students were not willing to go to school because of it, according to a report in
September. The study surveyed more than 170, 000 young people aged 13—24 from countries in Europe, Asia,
Africa and South America. Seventy-five percent of them said that the most common online bullying cases happened
on social media, like Faccbook and Twiter. The growth of social media has left many young people hurt through
unfriendly and abusive messages, comments and pictures online.
The Internet world makes it easier for people to communicate with each other, but there is more danger for
young people as well —and it is surprising that online bullying troubles many young people more than anything else.
What’s more, online bullying could lead to serious results for young people. Such bullying makes young people
more than twice as likely to hurt themselves or even kill themselves, according to a 2018 study by the university of
Oxford, UK. The research also found that young people facing online bullying were not as likely to ask for help as
those bullied by traditional ways.
To deal with the problem, UNICEF has called for national helplines to support people who are bullied, along
with training for teachers and parents to prevent and deal with online bullying.
Here is some advice to keep yourself away from danger on the Internet.
● Make sure that you’re careful and respectful to others, even if you don’t share similar opinions, values or
beliefs.
● If you experience online bullying, the best response (回应) to a bully is no response at all.
● Keep a record of anything that shows proof (证据) of online bullying, like screenshots. You can use this to
report and stop them.
1. Why did Sophie suddenly change her behavior?
2. According to the survey, where do they most probably meet online bullying?
3. How does online bullying hurt young people?
4. What is the best response to a bully?
5. What other advice can you offer to stop bullying? (请自拟一句话作答)
四、短文填空
A
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请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相
应的位置上。每空一词。
The dragon is a great animal in Chinese culture. People say that it brings wind and rain. It is said that 1 the
second day of the second lunar (阴历的) month every year, the dragon wakes up from its winter sleep and raises
its 2 . Because of this, the day is called “Dragon Head-Raising Day”.
Some people see it as the start of spring and farming, 3 they believe that there will be more rain after it.
And rain is important to farming.
Today, many customs have faded away (逐渐消失). But one that has remained popular is to have a haircut.
Many believe that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to their uncles—mainly their mothers’
brothers. So many people have their hair cut on Dragon Head-Raising Day.
Also, it 4 traditional for people to eat some food on that day. The food is usually named after dragons.
Noodles are called dragon’s beard (longxu). Dumplings are dragon’s ears (long’er). And spring rolls are dragon’s
scales (longlin).
In some places in Shandong, people make dragon lanterns and put 5 on slow boats on the rivers. The
activity stands for people’s best wishes and good luck.
B
根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
It is reported that there were only 9.02 million newborn babies in China in 2023, and the population growth rate
(率) is -1.48‰.
China has one of the 1 populations in the world, but its birth rate has continued to go down in recent years.
This has caused a great deal of attention. Then what will be the influence of a falling birth rate?
First, it will lead to an aging population. China’s elderly population is growing fast as people live longer and the
birth rate falls. This will 2 more problems to the government and society. The government needs to put in more
money to meet the medical, old-age care and other needs of the elderly, which will lead to more pressure. 3 , the
aging population will also lead to labor shortages (劳动力短缺), which may have influence on China’s economic (经
济的) growth.
Second, it will make a difference 4 families. In a traditional Chinese family, children are the h 5 of
family. However, this idea is c 6 now. More and more people prefer to have fewer children, and some even don’t
want to have children. This will influence the stability (稳定) of families.
Finally, it will influence the development of our society, especially education and employment ( 就业).
7 the population falls, schools and businesses will be short of talent. This could lead to increased competition in
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the education and job markets and influence the stability of society and China’s cultural, social and economic
development.
Now the government and society should take 8 to deal with this problem, such as encouraging childbirth,
improving the welfare (福利) of children and the elderly, and improving education and the job market. Only in this
way can social development and stability be guaranteed (保障).
五、书面表达
A
假定你是李华，是某国际学校的初中生。为了提高同学们的主人翁意识和丰富民主治校渠道，学校在
英语校报上开辟了“My Voice”(我有话说)专栏。请你根据以下内容要点，进行投稿：
1.学校某个现象(好坏皆可)
2.现象的原因(至少两点)
3.你的建议(至少两点)
参考词：phenomenon 现象
注意：
1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数)；
2.要点齐全，可适当发挥；
3.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范；
4.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
My Voice
A lot of things happen at school every day. But one phenomenon catches my attention.
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I hope our school can pay attention to this phenomenon and develop better in the future.
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B
某英文报正开展“Our life has changed for the better”征文竞赛，请你投稿，从下表所列的几个方面描述
过去和现在美好生活的变化，并谈谈你的感受。
In the past Now
Living condition small house, … comfortable house, …
Leisure (休闲) activity swim in the river or sea, few books, ... swim in the swimming pool, more books, ...
注意：
(1)短文中必须描述表格中所列的内容，可适当发挥；
(2)文中不得出现真实的人名和校名等相关信息；
(3)词数：80—100，短文首句仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。
首句：Our life has developed rapidly.
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