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高考英语核心知识背记手册（1）
目录
一、185个高频易错不规则动词（过去式、过去分词、现在分词）梳理..............1
二、高考英语拼写易错单词梳理.................................................................................7
二、拼写错误率最高的易错词梳理...........................................................................10
三、语法填空及写作易错单词梳理...........................................................................11
一、185个高频易错不规则动词（过去式、过去分词、现在分词）梳理
中文 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
1 坚持，遵守 abide abided/abode abided/abode abiding
2 升起，起来 arise arose arisen arising
3 唤醒 awake awoke awoken awaking
4 照看小孩 babysit babysat babysat babysitting
5 是 be(am/is/are) was/were been being
6 生育（子女） bear bore borne/born bearing
7 打击，跳动 beat beat beaten beating
8 成为 become became become becoming
9 开始 begin began begun beginning
10 弯曲 bend bent bent bending
11 打赌，投注 bet bet/betted bet/betted betting
12 打赌，投注 bet betted/bet betted/bet betting
13 出价，投标 bid bid bid bidding
14 捆，绑 bind bound bound binding
15 叮咬 bite bit bitten biting
16 出血，流血 bleed bled bled bleeding
blessed/ blessed/
17 祝福 bless blessing
blest blest
18 吹 blow blew blown blowing
19 折断，打破 break broke broken breaking
20 带来 bring brought brought bringing
21 播放 broadcast broadcast broadcast broadcasting
22 建造 build built built building
23 燃烧 burn burnt burnt burning
24 破裂 burst burst burst bursting
bust/ bust/
25 打碎，使破产 bust busting
busted busted26 买 buy bought bought buying
27 投 cast cast cast casting
28 捕捉 catch caught caught catching
29 选择 choose chose chosen choosing
30 粘上 cling clung clung clinging
31 来 come came come coming
32 耗费，花费 cost cost cost costing
33 匍匐，爬行 creep crept crept creeping
34 切 cut cut cut cutting
35 分配 deal dealt dealt dealing
36 挖掘 dig dug dug digging
37 做，干，完成 do did done doing
38 画画 draw drew drawn drawing
dreamt/ dreamt/
39 梦想 dream dreaming
dreamed dreamed
40 饮，喝 drink drank drunk drinking
41 驾驶 drive drove driven driving
dwelt/ dwelt/
42 居住，细想 dwell dwelling
dwelled dwelled
43 吃 eat ate eaten eating
44 落下 fall fell fallen falling
45 喂养 feed fed fed feeding
46 感觉 feel felt felt feeling
47 战斗 fight fought fought fighting
48 发现 find found found finding
49 逃走 flee fled fled fleeing
50 飞 fly flew flown flying
forbade/
51 禁止 forbid forbidden forbidding
forbad
forecast/ forecast/
52 预报，预测 forecast forecasting
forecasted forecasted
53 预见，预知 foresee foresaw foreseen foreseeing
54 忘记 forget forgot forgotten forgetting
55 原谅 forgive forgave forgiven forgiving
56 冻结 freeze froze frozen freezing
57 获得 get got got getting58 得到 get got gotten/got getting
59 给予 give gave given giving
60 走 go went gone going
61 磨碎 grind ground ground grinding
62 成长，生长 grow grew grown growing
63 悬挂，绞死 hang hung/hanged hung/hanged hanging
64 有 have had had having
65 听 hear heard heard hearing
66 隐藏 hide hid hidden/hid hiding
67 打 hit hit hit hitting
68 拿 hold held held holding
69 受伤 hurt hurt hurt hurting
70 输入（信息） input input input inputting
71 保持 keep kept kept keeping
72 跪下 kneel knelt knelt kneeling
73 编织，编结 knit knitted knitted knitting
74 知道 know knew known knowing
75 放置 lay laid laid laying
76 领导 lead led led leading
77 倚靠，倾斜 lean leant/leaned leant/leaned leaning
78 跳跃 leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped leaping
learnt/ learnt/
79 学习 learn learning
learned learned
80 离开 leave left left leaving
81 借出 lend lent lent lending
82 让，使 let let let letting
83 撒谎 lie lied lied lying
84 躺 lie lay lain lying
85 点燃 light lit/lighted lit/lighted lighting
86 遗失 lose lost lost losing
87 制作 make made made making
88 意味着 mean meant meant meaning
89 会见 meet met met meeting
melted/
90 融化 melt melted melting
molten
91 读错，看错 misread misread misread misreading92 错误，误解 mistake mistook mistaken mistaking
93 抵消 offset offset offset offsetting
94 长得比……快 outgrow outgrew outgrown outgrowing
95 输出 output output output outputting
96 克服 overcome overcame overcome overcoming
97 做……过度 overdo overdid overdone overdoing
98 吃多了 overeat overate overeaten overeating
99 过度生长 overgrow overgrew overgrown overgrowing
100 监督，偷看到 oversee overgsaw overseen overseeing
101 超过 overtake overtook overtaken overtaking
102 推到 overthrow overthrew overthrown overthrowing
103 付款 pay paid paid paying
proven/
104 证明 prove proved proving
proved
105 放 put put put putting
106 中止 quit quit/quitted quit/quitted quitting
107 读 read read read reading
108 重铸，重做 recast recast recast recasting
109 重映，重做 rerun reran rerun rerunning
110 重新安排 reset reset reset resetting
111 重写，改写 rewrite rewrote rewritten rewriting
112 免除 rid rid rid ridding
113 骑，乘 ride rode ridden riding
114 响，鸣 ring rang rung ringing
115 上升，升起 rise rose risen rising
116 跑 run ran run running
117 锯开 saw sawed sawn/sawed sawing
118 说话 say said said saying
119 看见 see saw seen seeing
120 寻找 seek sought sought seeking
121 卖 sell sold sold selling
122 发送 send sent sent sending
123 放置 set set set setting
124 缝纫，缝补 sew sewed sewn/sewed sewing
125 摇动 shake shook shaken shaking
126 剃 shave shaved shaved/ shavingshaven
127 滴，掉落，脱落 shed shed shed shedding
128 闪耀 shine shone shone shining
129 射击 shoot shot shot shooting
130 出示，展示 show showed shown/showed showing
131 关闭 shut shut shut shutting
132 唱歌 sing sang sung singing
133 下沉 sink sank sunk sinking
134 坐下 sit sat sat sitting
135 睡觉 sleep slept slept sleeping
136 滑动 slide slid slid sliding
137 切开，划开 slit slit slit slitting
138 嗅闻 smell smelt smelt smelling
139 播种 sow sowed sown/sowed sowing
140 说 speak spoke spoken speaking
141 加速 speed sped/speeded sped/speeded speeding
spelt/ spelt/
142 拼写 spell spelling
spelled spelled
143 花费 spend spent spent spending
spilt/ spilt/
144 溅出，飞溅 spill spilling
spilled spilled
145 纺织 spin span/spun spun spinning
146 吐，唾 spit spat spat spitting
147 撕裂 split split split splitting
spoilt/ spoilt/
148 损坏，毁坏 spoil spoiling
spoiled spoiled
149 伸展，张开 spread spread spread spreading
sprang/
150 跳跃 spring sprung springing
sprung
151 站立 stand stood stood standing
152 偷窃 steal stole stolen stealing
153 粘住 stick stuck stuck sticking
154 叮咬 sting stung stung stinging
155 发臭 stink stank stunk stinking
156 跨越 stride strode stridden striding
157 敲打 strike struck struck striking158 努力，奋斗 strive strove striven striving
159 将（房屋）转租 sublet sublet sublet subletting
160 发誓 swear swore sworn swearing
161 打扫 sweep swept swept sweeping
162 膨胀，肿胀 swell swelled swollen swelling
163 游泳 swim swam swum swimming
164 摆动 swing swung swung swinging
165 拿，取 take took taken taking
166 教诲 teach taught taught teaching
167 撕裂 tear tore torn tearing
168 告诉 tell told told telling
169 思考 think thought thought thinking
170 扔，投 throw threw thrown throwing
171 推，刺，插入 thrust thrust thrust thrusting
172 理解 understand understood understood understanding
173 承担 undertake undertook undertaken undertaking
174 松开 undo undid undone undoing
175 使心烦，扰乱 upset upset upset upsetting
176 醒 wake woke woken waking
177 穿，戴 wear wore worn wearing
178 纺织，编织 weave wove/weaved woven/weaved weaving
179 哭泣 weep wept wept weeping
180 打湿 wet wetted/wet wetted/wet wetting
181 赢，胜利 win won won winning
182 收回 withdraw withdrew withdrawn withdrawing
183 忍受，顶住 withstand withstood withstood withstanding
184 绞，拧 wring wrung wrung wringing
185 写 write wrote written writing
二、高考英语拼写易错单词梳理
1. able的反义词及意思 unable没能力的/disabled残疾的
2. normal的反义词及意思 abnormal 反常的
3. access 的形容词及意思 accessible可得到，可进入的
4. accurate的名词及意思 accuracy 准确
5. acquire 的名词及意思 acquisition 获得，习得
6. admit 的名词 admission7. “建议、忠告”的名词与动词 名词：tip/suggestion/advice 动词：suggest/advise
8. ambition的形容词 ambitious
9. anxious的名词 anxiousness / anxiety
10. “道歉”的名词和动词 名词：apology 动词：apologize
11. appear的名词 appearance
12. “欣赏、感激”的名词 appreciation
13. arrive的名词 arrival
14. assist的两个名词 assistant 助手 / assistance 帮助
15. aware的意思及其名词 意识到的/注意到的 名词：awareness
16. balance作为动词的反义词 unbalance
18.beautiful的动词与名词 动词：beautify 名词：beauty
19.believe 的名词 belief
20. behave的名词 behavior
21. benefit 的形容词 beneficial
22. boring/bored的名词 boredom
23. brave的名词 bravery
24. careful的同义词（c开头） cautious
25．character的形容词 characteristic
26. class的动词 classify
27.“同事”“大学”（c开头）；知识；村庄(v colleague college knowledge village
开头)
28. comfortable 的名词及动词 comfort /comfort
29. compare的名词 comparison
30. 比赛、竞赛（match/contest除外） competition
31. conclude的名词 conclusion
32. consider的两个形容词 considerate / consideration
33. 方便、便捷（c开头的名词） convenience
34. correct反义词 incorrect
35. 形容词“好奇的”、名词“好奇” 形容词：curious 名词：curiosity
36.deep/long/wide/strong/high的对应名词 depth length width strength height
37. depend形容词的反义词 independent
38. determine的名词 determination
39.different的动词 differ
40. ease的反义词 unease
41. electricity 两个形容词 electric / electrical
42. energy的形容词 energetic
43. 环境（n.） 政府（n.） environment / government
44. “嫉妒”的名词及形容词 jealousy
45. equal的名词 equality
equal的反义词 unequal
equal反义词的名词 inequality
46. examination的动词 examine
47. exist的名词 existence
48. explain的名词 explanation
49. express的名词及其含义 expression 表达/表情
50. fail的名词 failure
51. famous的名词 fame
53. finance的形容词 financial
54. fluent的名词 fluency
55. formal的反义词 informal
56. frequent的名词 frequency57. generous的名词 generosity
58. gift的形容词及含义 gifted
59．grateful的名词 gratitude / gratefulness
60. hard的名词 hardness / hardship
61. humor的形容词 humorous
62. legal的反义词 illegal
63. imagine的两个形容词 imaginary / imaginative
64. intend的名词 intention
65. invite的名词 invitation
66. knowledge的形容词 knowledgeable
67. laugh的名词 laughter
68. lose的名词 loss
69.large/short/low/wide/strong/deep的动词 enlarge/shorten/lower/widen/strengthen/deepen
70. major的名词 majority
71. memory的动词 memorize
72. mistake的形容词 mistaken
73. necessary的名词及含义 necessity 必需品；必要性
74. occupation的动词 occupy
75. organize的名词 organization
76. origin的形容词 original
77. permit作为动词的名词形式 permission
78. private的名词 privacy
79. persuade的形容词 persuasive
80. physical的名词 physics
81. pleasure的动词和形容词（不止一个） 动词：please 形容词：pleased /pleasing/pleasant
82. polite的名词 politeness
83. popular的名词 popularity
84. possess的名词 possession
85．prefer的名词 preference
86. press作为动词的名词 pressure
87. pronounce的名词 pronunciation
88．proud的名词 pride
89. reason的形容词 reasonable
90. refuse的名词 refusal
91. rely的形容词 reliable / reliant
rely形容词的反义词 unreliable
92. religion和region各自的形容词 religious regional
93. repeat的副词 repeatedly
94. satisfy的形容词和名词 形容词：satisfied/satisfying/satisfactory
名词：satisfaction
95. secure的名词 security
96. significant的反义词 insignificant
97. society的形容词 social
98. spirit的形容词 spiritual
99. stable的名词 stability
100. support的形容词 supportive
101. survive的名词 survival
102. system的形容词 systematic
103. tend的名词 tendency
104. trouble的形容词 troublesome
105. certain的反义词 uncertain106. important的反义词 unimportant
107. value的形容词 valuable
108. various的名词和动词 variety vary
109. weak的名词 weakness
110. wealth的形容词 wealthy
111. will的形容词的反义词 unwilling
112. realistic的反义词 unrealistic
113. recognize的名词 recognition
114.form作为动词的名词形式 formation
115. logical的反义词 illogical
116. deny形容词的反义词 undeniable
117. sleep的两个形容词 asleep sleepy
118. accept的名词 acceptance
119. company的动词 accompany
120. regular的反义词 irregular
121. pursue的名词 pursuit
二、拼写错误率最高的易错词梳理
一）词性变化时必须去掉字母e的单词
true (adj)----truth(n)真相
guide (v)----guidance(n)指导
value(v)----valuable(adj)有价值的
argue (v)----argument(n)争论;争辩
finance (n)—financial (adj)财政的;金融的
二）词性变化时不能去掉字母e的单词
change (v)----changeable(adj)多变的
courage(n)----courageous(adj)勇敢的
achieve(v)----achievement (n)达到;成就
improve(v)----improvement(n)改进;改善
knowledge (n)----knowledgeable(adj)知识渊博的
三）变分词时末尾必须双写的单词
admit (v)----admitted /admitting承认
control(v)----controlled /controlling 控制
prefer (v)----preferred /preferring 更喜欢
permit (v)----permitted /permitting 准许
equip (v)----equipped /equipping 装备;配备
四）词性变化时末尾不双写的单词
tower (v)----towering(adj)高大的
write (v)----writing(n)著作;书写
suffer (v)----suffering(n)疼痛;痛苦
appeal (v)----appealing (adj)有吸引力remain(v)----remaining(adj)留下的;剩余的
五）特殊变化的单词
space (n)----spacious (adj)宽敞的
explain (v)----explanation (n)解释
benefit (n)----beneficial (adj)有利的
accurate (adj)----accuracy (n)准确;精确
responsible (adj)----responsibility (n)责任;职责
三、语法填空及写作易错单词梳理
1. 该双写却没有双写的单词（必须双写）
unforgettable, written , inferred, referred , occurred, regretting, robbed , permitted, forgetting, wrapping,
preferred, begged, hugged; planned; dropped, winning, cutting, beginning, hitting ，stopping
2. 不该双写却双写的单词（括号中为错词）
writing (错误writting) , eaten (错误eatten) suffered (错误sufferred)
3. 词性变化时必须去掉字母e的单词
unbelievable---unbelievable, value--valuable, argue-argument,
(真糟糕，简单可能温柔了) true---truly, terrible--terribly, simple---simply， possible--possibly, probable---
probably, gentle---gently ,
4. 词性变化时不能去掉字母e的单词
(un) changeable, (re) chargeable, hopeful, moveable
5． 变化非常特别的单词
panic-panicked-panicking
6. 常考的动词变名词
pronounce---pronunciation
explain----explanation
prepare---preparation
combine---combination
recommend---recommendation
laugh→laughter
consider → consideration
recognize →recognition
occupy → occupation
permit → permission
admit →admission
conclude → conclusion
decide → decision,
describe →description
survive → survival幸存→ survivor幸存者,arrive → arrival
approve → approval
perform → performance
apologize → apology
acquire → acquisition
apply → applicant申请人→ application-申请
to one’s ...让某人...的是
(satisfy / astonish / annoy / amaze / disappoint / relieve / embarrass )
→satisfaction / astonishment / annoyance / amazement / disappointment / relief / embarrassment)
“in + 上述名词”，表“处于…状态”
7. 名词变形容词
nature → natural, benefit → beneficial
8. 形容词变名词
wise / free →→wisdom / freedom high /weigh→→height / weight
short/ marry →→shortage / marriage
strong/long/deep/wide/grow/dead/warm-------strength/length/depth/width/growth/death/warmth
curious/various/anxious/able/responsible/popular→→curiosity/variety/anxiety/ability/responsibility/popularity
9. 形容词变动词
deep/ fast/ class/ identity/ beauty/ simple/ modern/ popular→→deepen/ fasten/ classify/ identify/
beautify/simplify/modernize/ popularize
10.形容词变副词，不去e的单词(绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的单词不去e直接加-ly)
unfortunate→unfortunately, immediate → immediately,
absolute→absolutely, rude → rudely, approximate → approximately,
desperate→desperately, large → largely, accurate → accurately
但true-truly, whole-wholly 等除外
11. 形容词变副词，以ic 结尾的词，加ally
economic → economically; basic →basically; scientific → scientifically;
automatic → automatically; energetic → energetically;
但是public → publicly（公开地） 例外
12. 容易拼写错误的单词
（1）是 or 不是er: professor, visitor, translator, director, editor, educator, actor,
inventor, competitor, conductor ,monitor
（2）容易丢掉一个字母的单词
容易丢掉字母n：government，environment，environmental
容易丢掉不发音的字母：Christmas， Wednesday , therefore
（3）拼写比较特别的单词：
committee委员会，guarantee担保，dilemma进退两难的困境， opportunity， bridegroom新郎，spokesman发言人，succeed，competition，February二月
13. 容易多或少一个字母(括号里是错误的单词)
therefore（therefor错误） habit(habbit) souvenir纪念品(souvenior错误) similar 相似（simlar错
误）
ninth 第九（nineth错误） forty四十 （fourty错误） healthier (healthyer错误)
四、高考英语拼写易混词梳理
quiet安静地；quite相当
effect n结果，影响；affect v影响
adopt采用；adapt适应
angle角度；angel天使
dairy牛奶厂；diary日记
content内容；context上下文；contest竞争，比赛；contend奋斗，斗争
principle原则；principal校长
implicit含蓄的；explicit明白的
desert沙漠v放弃；dessert甜食
slap掌击；rap敲，打
pat轻拍；tap轻打
decent正经的；descend v向下；descent n向下，血统
sweet甜的；sweat汗水
later后来；latter后者；latest最近的；lately adv最近
custom习惯；costume服装
intensive深刻的；extensive广泛的
oral口头的；aural耳的
abroad国外；aboard上(船，飞机)
alter改变；altar祭坛
ascent上升；accent口音；assent同意
champion冠军；champagne香槟酒；campaign战役
barren不毛之地的；baron男爵；barn古仓
beam梁，光束；bean豆precede领先；proceed进行，继续
pray祈祷；prey猎物
chore家务活；chord和弦；cord细绳
site场所；sight视觉；cite引用
clash(金属)幢击声；crash碰幢，坠落；crush压坏
compliment赞美；complement附加物
confirm确认；conform使顺从
contact接触；contract合同；contrast对
council议会；counsel忠告；consul领事
crown王冠；crow乌鸦；clown小丑；cow牛
dose一剂药；doze打盹
emigrant移民到国外；immigrant从某国来的移民
drown溺水；drought天旱
patent专利；potent有力的；potential潜在的
police警察；policy政策；politics政治
protest抗议；protect保护
require需要；inquire询问；enquire询问；acquire获得
revenge报仇；avenge为…报仇
storey楼层；story故事；store商店
strike打；stick坚持；strict严格的
expand扩张；expend花费；extend延长
commence开始；commerce商业
through通过；thorough彻底的；though尽管；thought think过去分词
purpose日的；suppose假设；propose建议
expect期望；respect尊敬；aspect方面；inspect视察；suspect怀疑
slide使滑行；slip跌落
steal偷；steel钢
prospect前景；perspective透视法lose丢失；loose松的；loss n损失；lost lose过去式
unmoral；immoral不道德的；amoral同义不道德的
capitol大厦；capital首都
causal表原因的；casual随便的
extend延伸；extent长度
disability残疾；inability没能力
personal个人的；personnel人事
statue塑像；status地位
widow寡妇；window窗户
stockings长筒袜；socks短袜
tax税；taxi出租
definite不定的；infinite无限的
canyon山谷；crayon蜡笔
resent生气；recent最近
rude粗鲁的；crude天然的
source水源；sauce酱油；saucer茶托
resource资源；recourse求援
sled(儿童)雪橇；sledge雪橇
stripe条纹；strip条；trip旅行
vocation职业；vacation假期
area区域；era时代
resemble象…；assemble v集合，装配；assume假定；resume恢复
attain达到；obtain获得；abstain放弃
proclaim宣布；exclaim呼喊；declaim朗诵
reject拒绝；eject逐出；inject注射；deject使沮丧
literacy识字；literary文学的；literature文学；literal文字的
dine吃饭；diner吃饭人；dinning n 吃饭；dinner晚饭
