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绝密★启用前
2024年高考考前信息必刷卷（上海卷）02
英 语
（考试时间：105分钟 试卷满分：115分）
考情速递
高考·新动向：语言知识运用深度语境化，如“小猫钓鱼”检测词汇中（“constituent”“functioning” 等）在具体
语境下的准确理解与运用。选材多元且紧扣时代脉搏。如数学教育板块聚焦数学焦虑现象及应对策略；环保题
材围绕生态保护系统的问题与思考；体育方面介绍了热门体育纪录片；健康领域探究吸烟对免疫系统的长期影
响。这些选材紧跟社会关注热点，旨在拓宽学生视野，增强其对不同领域知识的理解与运用能力，提升综合素
养。
高考·新考法：考查综合化与精细化，如词汇考查注重深度理解，像 “parallel” 在文中表示 “相似的” 情况，
需学生结合语境准确把握其确切含义，而非仅了解常见释义。阅读能力考查多维度拓展，细节理解题不再局限
于简单的单句定位，如在吸烟与健康文章中，需整合多个段落信息才能准确回答研究人员确定影响因素的方式；
推理判断题更强调对文章深层逻辑和作者潜在意图的挖掘，如从体育纪录片介绍推断其对观众和体育文化的影
响，需要学生进行跨段推理和综合分析，培养批判性思维和逻辑推理能力。
高考·新情境：句子翻译涵盖了动词短语（如 “affect one's appetite”“originate from”）、固定句型（“祈使句 +
and/or + 陈述句”）、时态语态（如游乐园改建效果的一般过去时被动语态）以及词汇运用（如 “range” 表示
价格范围）等多个考点。这些考点均源自日常生活场景，如饮食、休闲娱乐、购物和企业发展等，体现了对学
生在实际生活中运用英语进行表达的能力要求。写作形式创新与逻辑要求提升，如概要写作面对专业性较强的
科技文章，学生需运用学术性语言准确概括核心内容，对语言的规范性和逻辑性提出更高要求；书信写作在比
较讲座时，可运用清晰的比较结构和恰当的连接词，使文章层次分明、逻辑连贯，强化学生逻辑组织和语言表
达的协同能力。
命题·大预测：题材会紧跟时代步伐，涉及人工智能伦理、全球文化冲突与融合等前沿热点；题型方面，可能引
入多文本对比阅读或基于阅读的拓展写作任务，如要求学生结合文章观点进行批判性阅读与综合语言输出能力。
写作会强化任务驱动性，全面提升语言应用与问题解决能力。II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
How good are you at maths? Some people love the challenge of algebra or enjoy working out number
puzzles such as Sudoko. Maths is all around us, from working out how to split the bill after a meal, to 1
(calculate) your household bills. But many fear the moment 2 they have to deal with numbers and
figures and feel a real sense of worry and confusion. It can seem daunting, but this ‘maths anxiety’ is perfectly
normal, and you’re definitely not alone. And anyway, our worries and fears don’t necessarily reflect our ability.
The problem really starts in childhood, at school. Research has found that maths teachers who are nervous
about teaching the subject can pass on their anxiety to the pupils, and girls may be 3 (likely) to be
affected. The Programme for International Student Assessment found around 31%of 15 and 16-year-olds across 34
countries said they got very nervous doing maths problems, 33% said they got tense doing maths homework, and
nearly 60% said maths classes would be difficult. Shulamit Kahn, from Boston University’s Questrom School of
Business, told the BBC she believes giving students, particularly girls, good role models “is critical, especially
4 a young age”. She thinks the key is 5 (get) people, especially women, who love teaching
maths to younger children.
Writing for BBC Future, David Robson says “It’s not clear 6 maths arouses so much fear
compared to geography. But the fact that there’s a right or wrong answer — there’s no room for bluffing — 7
make you more worried about underperforming.” And 8 we assume we’re not a ‘maths person’, we
avoid solving things that we probably could do.
Psychologists 9 (try) to work out why mental arithmetic can bring us out in a sweat. That
seed of fear may come from many sources, but some suggest that expressing your fears can loosen 10
control on you, and encourage children to see a maths test as a challenge, not a threat. Ideally, we need to think
positively about maths and give it a second chance.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.
Note that there is one word more than you need.A．constituent B．ultimately C． fancied D．functioning E. game F. grave
G. promising H. parallel I. cash J. entitled K. distinctly
A basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the
land community have no economic value. Yet, these creatures are members of the biotic(生物的) community and, if
its stability depends on its integrity, they are 11 to existence.
When one of these noneconomic categories is in 12 danger and, if we happen to love it, we invent
excuses to give it economic importance. During the early 1900s, songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.
Scientists jumped to the rescue with 13 shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds
failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic to be valid.
A 14 situation exists in respect of predatory mammals. Time was when biologists somewhat
overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of 15 by killing the physically weak, or
that they prey only on “worthless” species. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that
predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to kill them for the sake of a
benefit, real or 16 , to itself.
Some species of trees have been “excluded from the party” by economics-minded foresters because they
grow too slowly or have too low a sale value to pay as 17 crops. In Europe, where forestry is
ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest
community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, some have been found to have a valuable role in
building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its 18 species and ground plants and
animals is taken for granted.
To sum up, a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly unjust. It tends to
ignore, and thus 19 to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value. It
assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic community will work without the uneconomic parts, which
are nevertheless essential to its healthy 20 .
III.Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分；56 – 70题，每题2分；共45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
How to take criticism wellWe all love to criticize. Unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. We post and comment on others with
21 but feel aggrieved it the way others assess us, both online and in person. The world seems unlikely to change
anytime soon. 22 , though, each of us can change how we take criticism, in ways that will make us more
23 to taking offense, and better able to benefit from feedback — even when it is negative.
Criticism can include 24 , but that isn’t what concerns us here. What vexes us is criticism of the
negative variety, even when well-intentioned, so called 25 criticism, which means to provide guidance so
we can improve. Worst of all is destructive criticism, which aims to hurt or damage.
Criticism of either type is intrinsically hard to accept because of the way our brains process it.
Neuroscientists said that criticism stimulates the regions of the brain involved in 26 cognition more than
those in cognition control itself. For instance, when someone says your work isn’t good enough, your natural first
thought may be They must not like me, rather than What can I do to improve it? In other words, the recipient of
criticism might be attempting to understand the beliefs and feelings of the critic rather than 27 the criticism
itself.
The only way to 28 in it, and despite it, is to adopt new habits of getting critical feedback. When
receiving criticism, we tend to consider the criticism a judgment on our 29 abilities, rather than on our
performance. Viewing criticism as a judgment on one’s abilities can lead to lower self-worth, lower positive mood,
and less 30 when performing tasks. The solution is to set up an internal affirmation such as: “I don’t
care what this feedback says about the person giving it, and I choose not to see it as a personal attack on me. I will
assess it 31 about the matter at hand.” This moves the focus from 32 to analysis and
enables you to judge the information on its merits (or lack thereof).
Once you 33 criticism in this way, you can start to see it for what it is: a rare glimpse into what
outsiders think about your performance, and thus a potential opportunity to correct 34 and improve.
Studies of student performance have shown that those who learn to use feedback 35 tend to get better
grades and have better study habits. If this doesn’t come easily to you, one way to develop the grit to do so is to ask
friends or colleagues whom you like and trust to form a critics’ circle, reviewing one another’s work and giving
honest suggestions.
21．A．caution B．abandon C．patience D．satisfaction
22．A．Consequently B．Indeed C．Fortunately D．Instead
23．A．accustomed B．alert C．immune D．ready
24．A．perspectives B．comments C．attacks D．compliments25．A．constructive B．leading C．objective D．honest
26．A．inner B．social C．collective D．individual
27．A．assessing B．rejecting C．doubting D．ignoring
28．A．integrate B．thrive C．withdraw D．persevere
29．A．intellectual B．innovative C．inherent D．invaluable
30．A．reliance B．appreciation C．attention D．persistence
31．A．on its face B．under its nose C．in its eyes D．on its back
32．A．emotion B．judgement C．criticism D．cognition
33．A．internalize B．depersonalize C．standardize D．neutralize
34．A．cause B．conflict C．course D．confusion
35．A．actively B．continuously C．frequently D．extensively
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according
to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be
destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland.
A tree nursery said in March that it had been unable to find buyers for the one and two-year-old seedlings of
England’s national tree.
Maelor Forest Nurseries near Wrexham spent two years looking after 500,000 seedlings, expecting a great
increase in demand after government promises to increase tree planting.
Demand failed to materialize and the company said it planned to destroy the trees, partly blaming difficulties
land owners faced in obtaining subsidies to fund the work.
After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the
country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help.
“The nursery discounted the price per tree from 35 — 40 pence to 20 pence and sold nearly all of the
500,000 it had been planning to destroy. Thanks largely to the article in The Times only a small percentage had to
be destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s managing director.
“We are delighted that these oak saplings (幼树) have found good homes. We were frustrated at the prospectof having to destroy plants which we had spent two years growing only to find they were being left without a future
for reasons beyond our control.”
Mr Harvey said the largest order, for 30,000 oaks, had come from Extinction Rebellion Rewilding, an
offshoot of the climate change campaign group. It launched a campaign called Save the Oaks which raised £10,000
through a crowdfunding appeal to purchase and plant trees that had been due to be destroyed.
Jethro Gauld, one of the organisers of the planting in Cambridgeshire, said, “We wanted to do something to
prevent such a massive waste of saplings and help create a good news story to benefit local people and wildlife. ”
Natasha Somers, a volunteer for Save the Oaks, said, “The support we’ve seen shows how a community can
come together in difficult times. It’s clear that people want to act for a better future, one where humanity and nature
are connected.”
36．The underlined word ‘subsidies’ is closest in meaning to ‘________’.
A．equipment B．technical support C．confidence D．financial aid
37．What had Maelor Forest Nurseries planned to do before The Times reported on their plan?
A．To reduce the price of the seedlings.
B．To ruin the trees it had taken care of.
C．To wait for government help to arrive.
D．To count the number of oak trees in Britain.
38．What happened to the 500,000 saplings at last?
A．Most of them were sold out.
B．Most of them were thrown away.
C．They were replanted to Cambridgeshire.
D．They were donated to a campaign group.
39．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A prospective approach to planting.
B．A nationwide effort to save oak trees.
C．A tree nursery devoted to preserving endangered trees.
D．A species of trees that are threatened with extinction.
(B)
Below are three sports documentaries that make perfect viewing for fans of sporting drama.No 1. Formula 1: Drive to survive
The world’s hottest sport was barely on the radar of most Americans — and then Drive to Survive arrived.
Since its first release, the series has been credited for the surprising rise in popularity of the European racing
association, Formula 1.
Over six seasons, it has taken fans inside every team and shown the lives and preparation of the owners,
managers, and drivers, including superstars Lewis Hamilton, whose headline-making race for the 2021 title was at
the center of Season 4. The series’ success has also inspired similar shows for other sports looking to grab a bigger
share of the global market.
No 2. Race to the Summit
This climbing documentary records the race between two great climbers to secure the fastest time to conquer the
Alps’ great north faces. As with all climbing documentaries, non-climbers will struggle to understand what drives a
person to risk his life like this, but the film’s stunning scenery and the athletes’ dedication to their sport needs no
explanation. Viewers with fears of heights may want to steer clear, however: these shots are guaranteed to raise
your heart rate and take your breath away.
No 3. Slaying The Badger
The 1986 Tour de France had a battle at its heart, one between the two fastest riders in the game. As
defending champion, Bernard ‘The Badger’ was the home hero, a serious Frenchman who was no stranger to
challenges. The competitor was his opposite in personality: the sunny American rider LeMond, whose openness
couldn’t conceal a strong determination to become the first non-European to win the race. The only trouble was thatthe pair were members of the same team. This documentary is a fascinating study of the two impulses of
professional road cycling — individual glory versus team duty. And LeMond, who had played the role of dutiful
assistant the previous year, believed it was his turn to try the winner’s yellow jersey for size.
40．What can we learn about the documentary Formula 1: Drive to survive?
A．It improves Formula 1’s global viewership, particularly in Europe.
B．It offers fans chances to go behind the scenes of Formula 1 racing.
C．It leads to the rise of Lewis Hamilton as a world-famous sports star.
D．It helps other similar sports enjoy a larger slice of the global market.
41．Which of the following information about Race to the Summit might be CORRECT?
A．The film is intended for non-climbers who want to learn about climbing.
B．The race between the climbers overshadows the scenic beauty of the Alps.
C．The film features splendid mountain views and thrilling scenes of climbing.
D．The film details the reasons behind climbers’ pursuit of extreme climbing.
42．What major theme does Slaying The Badger explore?
A．The success story of a young cyclist defeating the defending champion.
B．The dominance of Europeans in road cycling and the challenges they face.
C．The challenge of balancing personal attainments with collective responsibilities.
D．The fierce battle between top riders of different personalities from different teams.
(C)
The impacts of smoking on the immune system remain long after a smoker’s last smoking, according to a
study. The analysis is part of an effort to determine why immune responses vary so widely from person to person.
In addition to cigarette smoking, the study found that having a higher-than-average body mass index (体重指数)
and having previously been infected with a typical virus called cytomegalovirus (CMV,巨细胞病毒) also affect the
immune response.
Biologist Saint-André and her colleagues analysed blood samples and questionnaires collected by the Milieu
Intérieur Consortium from 1,000 healthy people who live in Brittany, France. The researchers exposed the blood
samples to microorganisms, viruses and so on known to activate the immune system. They then gauged the effect of
them on the production of proteins called cytokines (细胞因子) , which regulate the body’s inflammatory (炎症的)
responses.
The authors combined these results with information about 136 personal traits drawn from populationstudies, environmental and clinical data. They found that three factors stood out as having particularly strong
associations with cytokine responses: cigarette smoking, body mass index and previous cytomegalovirus infection.
The data on cigarette consumption were particularly striking; the effect of smoking on cytokine responses
was as large as the effects of age, sex and genetics. And these effects remained for years after participants had given
up cigarettes.
But the study still needs to be repeated to ensure that the results are convincing, says Saint-Andre. And in
future, it should include a more diverse group of participants. The team has now expanded their study to include
participants from Senegal and Hong Kong, she says. The researchers have also gone back to the original
participants, and have collected fresh blood samples from 415 of them 10 years after the original samples were
taken.
“It would be valuable to learn more about how smoking influences immune cell function, and, in turn, what
the body’s responses to infection are,” says professor Luo. “That could offer valuable insights into the broader
health consequences of smoking.”
43．How did the researchers identify the three influencing factors?
A．By repeating the study.
B．By contrasting the personal traits.
C．By referring to studies of other fields.
D．By researching up to 136 people.
44．Who might have the worst immune system according to the text?
A．Someone who has quit smoking for many years.
B．Someone whose relatives have a smoking habit.
C．Someone who has a below normal body mass index.
D．Someone who lives with a CMV infected person.
45．What did researchers do to ensure the results were CORRECT?
A．They invited more participants of the same race.
B．They expanded their research all over the world.
C．They got on well with the original participants.
D．They restudied some original participants years later.
46．What can we know from what Luo said?
A．It is useful and valuable to give up smoking.
B．The result of the study is complete.C．Smoking has something to do with infection.
D．The study aids to learn the effects of smoking.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each
sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
What motivates you to work or study harder? Is it the thought of success and all the amazing things that you
can achieve, or is it the fear of failure and worry about all the things that can go wrong for you? 47
But is one better than the other?
A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students. As is so often
the case, it’s complicated. They found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can
succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners. 48
It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise. The study also found that if
students are disengaged and don’t care about the test in the first place, then, unsurprisingly, the fear of failure is not
likely to motivate them.
Entrepreneurs often run the risk of failure. It’s a fact that most new companies will fail. 49 The
personal consequences of failure can be significant, and so founders may be motivated to work harder to avoid
them. A study carried out on British and Canadian entrepreneurs found that fear of failure can improve problem
solving, as people are motivated to anticipate and resolve potential issues. However, the study also showed that it
can lead to increased procrastination as people focus too much on what they personally fear, rather than what would
be best for the business. If someone is less confident about their business idea, then they may find their decision-
making negatively affected by their fears.
50 It can drive confident people to do better, but it can also increase our doubts and turn them
into barriers.
A．Nevertheless, confidence plays a significant role in determining the effectiveness of fear-
based motivation strategies.
B．However, if students are not confident, then fear-based approaches could trigger feelings of
anxiety.
C．Leaders, managers, and teachers have often used one of these ideas to inspire people to work
harder and achieve more.
D．Taken together, these studies show that fear-based motivation is complicated.
E．They may be inspired to learn new things that will help their business or find mentors who can
support them.F．But does this motivate or discourage business people? Again, it’s not straightforward.
IV. Summary Writing (10分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more
than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The idea of humans making a new home on Mars is mind-bending enough on the surface. What's even
wilder is that human colonization of the Red Planet's harsh and exotic atmosphere — if we can achieve it — might
accelerate our species' evolution. "Given how different the Martian environment is, you'd expect strong natural
selection," says Scott Solomon, an evolutionary biologist at Rice University in Houston.
Mars sits about 34 million miles away from Earth, and Earthlings still face plenty of obstacles before we
even reach it. But if we do (somehow) get to Mars and establish a colony of permanent residents, factors like
comparatively higher radiation, lower gravity and a vast change in lifestyle could prompt significant evolutionary
changes in our bodies-much more quickly than those that have transpired on our home planet.
There is a determining factor in this potential shift, which would vastly influence how rapidly humans would
adapt to new condition. If humans moved back and forth between Earth and Mars as often as every generation or
two, new introduction of Earth-born human genes might low the effects of certain genetic mutations (基因突变).
By contrast, remaining on a Martian colony for longer stretches could quicken that change.
More tense radiation on Mars could provoke elevated rates of genetic mutations in humans born there. And
any favorable mutations that help humans better cope with conditions on Mars may be inherited by future
generations.
Survival of the fittest is a key concept in evolution. But based on major advances in gene-editing tools like
CRISPR, it's possible that humans on Mars may not need to leave evolution up to nature. Solomon says we
currently have the tools to help support potential Mars residents." It could potentially be a powerful tool to make
changes so people could survive and be appted to the Martain environment," Solomon says.
51.__________________________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________________V. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52．不要在两餐之间吃东西以免影响胃口（appetite）
53．游乐园改建的效果立竿见影，每天游客络绎不绝。(see)
54．街口的小店提供各种各样的生活必需品，价格在10元到100元不等。(range)
55．从小县城发家，这家公司以其独到眼光、先进产品、创新人才，在短短十年内成为行业翘楚。
(originate)
VI. Guided Writing （25分）
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
56. 假设你是明启中学的高三学生李敏，学校正在计划面向高三开设一场讲座，具体信息如下。请写一封
电子邮件给学校老师，比较两场讲座的差异，说明你的选择，并简要说明理由。
主题 English Test Skills Yoga and Relaxation
时长 90分钟 120分钟
时间 周六晚上 周五下午
地点 学生家中 学校体育馆
在线讲授(无操练) 线下讲练结合
形式
可录播回放 不可录播回放
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