文档内容
2009
年专八真题详解
（新题型优化）
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A
Writing Experimental Reports
Good morning, everyone. Today we'll discuss some preliminaries concerning how to write experimental
reports.
When you first signed up for a course in university, like a psychology course, chances are that you
didn't really expect what was coming in your study; particularly, the course emphasis on methodology and
statistics. For a few of you, this may have come as a pleasant surprise, provided that you have already
known something about the course. For most, however, I dare say, it will undoubtedly have been a shock
to the system.
No doubt in other parts of your course study, you will read books and journals, examining, critically,
models and theories, assumptions and hypotheses put forward by scholars and specialists. My task today is
to help you understand some of the important features of experimental reports, because you will have to
write up some kind of report of this nature if your course gives prominence to practical work, especially
experimenting.
Then what is an experimental report?
[ 1 ]All a re ort is reall is the lace in which ou tell the sto of our stud like what ou did wh
ou did it what ou found out in the rocess and so on. In doing this, you are more like an ancient sto
ryteller, whose stories were structured in accordance with widely recognized and long-established conven
tions, than a modem novelist who is free to dictate form as well as content. Moreover, like the storyteller
of old, although you w让1 invariably be telling your·story to someone who knows quite a bit about it al
ready, you are expected to present it as if it had never been heard before. [2]/[3]This means that you w山
need to s ell out the details and assume little knowled e of the area on the art of our audience.
Then, perhaps, you may ask, what is the nature of the conventions governing the report?
A clue, I think, can be found in its basic structure. [4]A highly ·structured and disciplined report is
written in sections and these sections b and lar e follow an established se uence. What this means is
that, in the telling, your story is to be cut up into chunks: different parts of the story are to appear in ctµ
ferent places in the report. [5]What ou did and wh ou did it a ear in the section called INTRODUC
TION. How you did it is in the METHOD section. And what you found out is in the RESULT section. [6]
And finall what ou think it shows a ears in the DISCUSSION part. As you can see, the report, there
fore, is a formal document composed of a series of sections in which speci:fic information is expected to
appear. We will discuss the precise conventions governing each section as we go along. For example, what
are the subsections in the METHOD?
But today, I w讥 introduce to you certain general rules straight away.
The first of these concerns the person to whom you should address your report, whom I shall call
"your reader". [7]A ve common mistake es eciall earl on is to assume that our reader is the erson
who will be marking the report. [8]In reali however the marker will be assessin our re ort on behalf
of someone else — an idealized h othetical erson who is intelli ent but unlmowled eable about our
study and the area in which it took place. Your marker will, therefore, be checking to see that you have
written your report with this sort of reader in mind. So you need to make sure that you have:
1. introduced the reader to the area relevant to your study;
2. [9] rovided the reader with the back round necess to understand what you did and why you did it;
3. spelt out and developed your arguments clearly;
专八 2009 -124. [lO]defined technical terms·
And 5. [ 11] rovided recise details of the wa in which ou went about collectin and anal zin the
data that you obtained.
In short, you should w卤e for someone who knows little about your area of study, taking little for
granted about your reader's knowledge of your area of study. So when in doubt, spell it out. This is my
advice to you.
If you find this difficult to do, then a useful approach is to write the report as if it would be read by
someone you know who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your subject. A friend of yours, say. Write
it as if this person were going to have to read and understand it. Indeed, it is a good idea, if you can, to
get just such a person to read your report before handing it in.
[12]The demands and e ectations laced u on ou will of course v with our e erience of re ort
writing. Early on in your study, as an author of experimental reports, less will be expected of you than lat
er. At this early stage, you w山 be expected mainly to show that [13]you understand what you did in your
report and its implications, together with evidence that you have, at least a basic grasp of the demands of
the report's format.
[14]Later on however ou will be e ected to a more attention to this research si nificance of what
you did. The "why you did it" part will become more important because in being responsible for the choice
of topic and design, you w山 be expected to be able to justify this choice. So you must be able to tell us
why it is, that given the options available to you, you decided to conduct your particular study. You will
need, therefore, to develop the habit of thinking about how the ideas that you are entertaining for your ex
periment or study w让1 look in the report, paying particular attention to how they will fit into the part of
INTRODUCTION. Specific dangers that you must watch out for here are:
First, a lack of adequate material to put in the section;
[15]And second the undertakin of a ro·ect that lacks 叩 research ·ustification because it is based on
assum tions that are contradicted b existin fmd让1 s in the area.
Thinking clearly in advance w让I help you to avoid making these mistakes.
OK. Today we've had a brief look at the format of an experimental report, what each section is about
and some of the basic issues like reader awareness, so on and so forth. Next time, we will discuss how to
w讥e up the INTRODUCTION section.
” “ ”
1. study method II study findings // results // discus 做？ 的是 引言 部分，因此，根据后面的 why you
sion // discoveries did it直接填入短句what you did 即可。
“ ”“
（解析］原文说，实验报告包括 研究问题／领域 研究 6. DISCUSSION
“
目的 以及what you found out in the process。 因 【解析】题干所给内容是what you think it shows,
” ”
此，应填study fmdings、results或记忆中的其他内容。 这是报告的 讨论 部分的内容，故填 DISCUSSION。
2. spelling out details II providing details 注意与前面的 METHOD 和 RESULT 等统一， 用全
【解析】本题与第三题紧密相连，原文说，写实验报告 大写。
需要把细节都说出来(spell out the details) , 由下一 7. a common mistake // mistaken assumption //
行的 regarding可知，空格处应该用 doing形式，故可 wrong // incorrect
填 spelling out details , 或者用近义的 providing 【解析】材料提到，如果实验报告的作者把该报告的评
details等表达。 阅者当作自己的读者，这样假设就错了。 因此，应填a
3. audience // non-professionals II ordinary people // common mistake, 或填入mistaken assumption等
“ ”
laymen 表示 错误 的表达。
【解析】原文提到写实验报告时要把自 己的读者当作 8. reality // truth // correct assumption // correct //
“ 对该报告的研究领域一无所知的听众"'故可用 au right
dience, 也可用 non-professionals, laymen或 ordi 【解析】根据材料中的信号词 however可知本题所在
nary people。 句子是对前一句的转折，前一句是错误的假设，这一
” ” “ ”
4. disciplined 句应该就说 事实、真相 或 正确的假设 。
【解析］原文说， 实验报告具有较强的结构性和规范 9. necessary background information
性。 答案 disciplined可直接从听力原文中得出。 【解析】材料中提到了五项任务，其中第二项是给读者
5. what you did 提供必要的背景(p,rovided the reader with the
“
（解析】原文提到实验报告中关于 做过什么？ 为什么 background necessary to ...) , 让他们明白你在做什
专八2009 -13么和你为什么这么做，此处应填入名词（词组），将原 tations, 注意首字母要大写。
文概括一下， 答案可填 necessary background in 13. implications
formation。 【解析］材料提到，在最初的时期，你要明白你报告中
10. technical terms 是在做什么，以及报告的含义(implications), 答案
［解析】 材料中提到的第四项任务是定义专有名词 可直接从录音中得出。
(defined technical terms) , 答案可从原文直接得 14. focus II stress II lay emphasis II more I greater I
出，注意要用复数形式。 stronger emphasis
11. collecting II collection // collection and analysis // 【解析】文中说，在第二阶段就得更加注意(pay more
“ ”
analysis attention to)所做研究的意义。 既要表示 注意 ，又
【解析】文中说要详细、准确地描述你收集、分析数据 要与介词 on 连用， 故应填 focus 或 stress 或 lay
的方法。 这里填 “ 收集、分析 ” 的名词或动名词形式 emphasis等词。
即可。 15. a lack // lack II absence
“
12. Demands and expectations 【解析】原文指出研究中需避免的第二点是 缺乏调
” “ “
［解析】材料中在说三个时期前提到，对你的要求和 查论证 ，故填入表示 缺乏 意义的短语a lack of、
期望(demands and expectations)会因你的写作经 lack of或absence of。
验而有所不同。 故此处填入Demands and expec-
��CTION �
Part One:
M: Good morning, Mrs. Collins! Welcome to our studio. As a distinguished member of Toastmasters Inter
national, could you tell us a bit about the background of the organization?
W: I am delighted to have that opportunity. Toastmasters is an international organization, designed to de
velop effective speaking and listening skills. [l]It was founded in 1924 b Ral h Smedle and it's head
quartered in California.
M: What is the purpose of Toastmasters?
W: [2]Toastmasters has a two-fold ose: the ersonal rowth of the individual and stron effective com-
munication skills.
M: Then, who is Toastmasters open to? And what kind of members do you have now?
W: [3]Well man eo le think Toastmasters is o en onl to those individuals who wish to be rofessional
speakers, but that is defi血tely not true. Toastmasters is open to_ the public at large. Any individual who
咋hes to improve his public speaking is welcome. And also, those who just want to increase their
overall self-confidence are encouraged to attend.
M: Another question is how can Toastmasters help you in job situations?
W: [4]B becomin involved in Toastmasters ou will learn different methods of communicatin what ou
reall want to sa and e uall im ortant ou will learn what our audience e ects·from ou so ou
can deliver that messa e to them in a lo ical fashion. Some people are comfortable around friends, but
whe� they appear before a group they don't know, they get tense. [4]0ur organization helps our mem
bers to et calm and or anize thou hts and deliver them in an effective w� .
M: Is Toastmasters concerned with total communication, not just for speaking but other communicati�n skills?
W: Most often, people assume that when you are listening, you are also paying attention. This is not always
true. (5]Man times eo le are waitin for their turn to s eak and are not reall listenin at all. Toast
masters can develop a person overall in terms of organizing their thoughts, getting input from others
and then receiving effective feedback.
1. What do we learn about the background of Toastmasters?
[C] 【解析］本题考查Toastmasters 的背景信息。 录音提到Toastmasters 由 Ralpf Smedley在 1924年创立。 C项所述
与此相符，故为答案。
“ ”
【点睛】A项 这是一个总部在加州 的地方机构 中 的 local 与录音不符，录音说的是这是一个国际性Cmternat10nal)机
构；被访者提到 Toastmasters 设立的初衷是培养学员 的演讲和倾听技巧(develop effective speaking and listening
skills) ,B项信息不全；D项强调 professional speakers , 应予以排除。
专八2009-142. What is the purpose of Toastmasters?
[B] [解析】本题考查Toastmasters的 目标。 被访者提到 Toastmasters 的目标包含两个方面，分别是个人的成长和强
力有效的沟通技巧。 B项所述与此相符，故为答案。
【点睛）A项中的 “ 强力有效的翻译技巧 ” 录音未提及；C 项中的 “ 增强整体 自 信心 ” 是在提到 Toastmasters 向谁开放提
” ”
及的；D项 中的 与朋友舒服相处 是在提及Toastmasters对人们在职场方面的帮助时提及的，并非其目标。
3. Who do many people think Toastmasters is only open to?
[A] [解析】本题考查许多人认为Toastmasters 只针对哪类人群。 录音提到许多人认为Toastmasters只是针对 “ 渴望
成为专业演讲人的人(those individuals who wish to be professional speakers)"。 A项为答案。
【点睛】B 项 “ 希望提高公共演讲能力的人 “ 和 C项 “ 想增强 自信心的人 ” 是Toastmasters 实际面向和鼓励参与 的人群的
“ ”
特点；D 项 希望改善思维方式的人 录音未提及。
4. How can Toastmasters help people in job situations?
[B] [解析】关于参加 Toastmasters对于人们在职场中的益处，被访者Mrs. Collins做了具体回答，包括：学到不同的
“ ”
表达技巧、了解听众心理以及有条理地表达思想。 B项 帮助人们有条理地表达信息 与被访者的表述相符，故
为答案。
“ ” “ ” “
［点睛]A项 帮助人们提高做报告的能力 和 D 项 帮助人们 改善总结能力 录音未提及；C 项 帮助人们提高倾听技
”
巧 是Toastmasters 的设立初衷之一。
5. Why in many cases people aren't really listening at all?
[B] '【解析】本题考查人们为什么很多时候没在听人讲话。 录音提到的原因是人们在等候自 己说话的时机。 B项所述与
此相符，故为答案。
［点睛】A项 “ 因为他们在走神 ” 和 D项 “ 因为他们对谈话不感兴趣 ” 录音未提及；C 项 中 的 ” 他们在组织想法 ” 是在提及
Toastmasters 能为人们提供的帮助是涉及的一个方面。
PP.rt Two·
M: Then, how does Toastmasters train people?
W: [6]Toastmasters has an a roach of learnin b :21bl/ a.
恋爱，多情 闷 恼人的，使人受伤的
amorousness / aemarasms/ n. abrasive bre1s1v/ a.
PASSAGE FOUR 全文翻译画线点评
以海拔 英尺高的夏尔巴首府南吉巴札为起点 这条长道向南延伸 地势也随之下降 英尺
(1)[21] 12000 2000
直至谷底·而后一路沿着索拉昆布大峡谷向前 最后眼前便是开阔的尼泊 尔 中部丘陵 那里植物繁茂 地势依
然险峻。
(2)就是在南吉，一个男子脱离 了 队伍朝北行进，零星散布的小石屋后面半围着一座天然竞技场 ，该男子缓
慢而费力地爬上了竞技场陡峭的围墙，接着又穿过了 昆德和肯真两个小镇。
(3)即使头戴羊毛头罩，他还是频频被藏族人认出来，并且受到最崇高的尊重和敬意。 就算是那些对他一无
所知的旁人也会从他们水汪汪的黑眼睛里流露出惊奇的眼神，因为没人想到他这样的人会出现在那里。
不仅因为他比体型较小的藏族人魁梧得多 还有他的举止和那个崭新的宽型斗篷以及斗篷下面那
(4)[22]
件过于紧身的军用制服都能说明他在 日 常生活中的社会地位明显高于普通藏族人 在这个几乎不拥有私人财
产的民族 他拥有的物品更少 就只有一个用绳子紧扣在肩上的直径一英尺的 包裹。 缠绕包裹使用的是西藏地
区很普通的布料，这样根本就看不 出 包里有什么值钱的物品—— 只不过看来他是很看重里面的 东西的 因
-[23]
为他的手一刻也没有从那个包裹处松开过。
他的 目 的地是位于山谷对面 巨大石壁半腰处的一小群房子 那些房子位于�阿玛达布朗峰底层往
(5)[24]
外凸出的巨大的、植物繁茂的山嘴上。 阿玛达布朗峰有 英尺高，是地球上最雄壮的 山峰之一。 这里有
22493 [24]
喜马拉雅地区最著名的佛教寺院 天波切喇嘛庙 而它周边宏伟壮丽的景色属世界之最
(6)[32] 站在山嘴的顶端 顺着总长 12 英里的都德科西大河谷一路看过去 尽头是努·子峰全长 6 英里的花
岗岩峭壁 如果说阿玛达布朗峰是看门人的话 那么高度从没有低于 4 英里的努子峰峭壁则是最后的守护者
而它们守护的是这些山峰中最高大雄伟的那一座：珠穆朗玛 藏族人称之为大地的西王母·尼泊 尔人称之为 萨
伽马塔 意为海洋首领·也就是西方人常说的埃佛勒斯峰。 从努子峰望去 珠峰庄重地高耸云间
下午的晚些时候，那些巨峰的侧影逐渐沉入谷底， 他才到达那个突兀的山嘴顶部。 他拖着脚步 经过
(7) [23]
专八
2009 -20尽波切喇嘛庙入口寺院时停住了。 他的胸口、一起一伏，呼吸着稀薄的空气，[23]他的手从那个包裹上移开了——
这是他笫一次这么做 然后用从露指手套里伸出来的手指将眼圈周 围流淌下来的汗渍拭去。
(8) [23]/[24]他眯着双眼打量着宽敞空寂的地面 打量着宝塔一般的寺院以及寺院四周的石制建筑 它们顺
地势向下延伸 看起来像是起保护作用的衬裙。 远处 这一魔幻时刻独有的魔幻之光点燃了一缕青烟 只见那青
烟飘过29029 英尺高的珠峰峰顶 好似展开了一面鲜亮的欢迎的旗帜。
(9)[23]等到呼吸平静下未 他踏着粗糙的石阶 缓慢而坚定地向寺院大门走去。 在门 口 ，一位 35 岁上下的
瘦高个僧人向他恭敬地招呼道：narneste, 即“佛祖与你同在”。 这位僧侣迅速将其用来打扫 内院石板的小树枝做
的扫帚放在一旁。 在他放置扫帚时，到访者注意到这位僧侣左手少了尾指。 未客用藏语说了 几句措辞谨然的话，
两个人就一起消失在内院。
(10)笫二天一大早，使者出现在寺院门 口 ，他身上的包袱已经不见了 。 陪同的还是那位僧侣，旁边还站着年
长的住持。 他朝那两人粕了个躬，而那两位身着褚色法衣的僧侣却给他回敬了更深的粕躬。 在这之后，未访者启
程离开。 那两位神情肃穆的僧侣就这样一动不动地看着来访者顺着寺院坐落的山脊往下走，消失在视野中。
(11)接着，那两位僧侣转身走进了寺院，什么话也没说。
21. [C]【定位】题干指明是第 1段。
（解析］本题考查词义理解。 C项trudge表示”艰难跋涉；步伐沉重地行走"'暗示行路困难。 故答案是 C。
【点睛】thread 在文中指道路狭窄；drop指从高处下降到低处的坡度很陡；daunt在文中修饰 foothills,指丘陵地形看起
来“令人畏缩”。 三个词均不直接与“行走”相关，排除。
22. [A]【定位】由 contrast between the Tibetans and the man查找到第4段。
【解析］本题问来访者和藏民在哪个方面没有形成对照。 文中说藏族人diminutive(身材矮小），而来人身材魁
梧，由此排除B"身高”。 文中说，“从他那崭新的斗篷和斗篷下的紧身军装可以明显看出 ，他的社会地位高于普
通藏民”，由此排除C"社会地位”。 文中提到，“在这个几乎不拥有私人财产的民族，他拥有的物品就更少"'由此
排除D。 本题答案为A。
【点睛）EXCEPT题多考查对细节的理解能力，通常可用排除法进行作答。
23. [B]【定位】从题干中he reached the monastery定位到第 7段。
【解析】文中说使者经过Tengboche入口的寺院就停下来，可见虽然因为路程艰难，走得缓慢，可他一路都没有
停过；然后给出－个细节 他把手从包裹上移开，并说，这是他第一次这样做。 这一动作表明，他此时心情上
终于放松了。注意第4段重点提到过这个包裹，并说他的手一刻也没有离开过包裹。也就是说，一路上他都保持
高度的戒备，小心看护着包裹。 此时他的手从包裹上松开，是他心情上放松的标志。 故答案是B。
【点睛】A是使者到达目 的地后的动作，与心情是否放松无关（无论心情放松与否，到达目 的地都会停下来的）。C描写使
者到达后观看 四周 的情况 ，也不 能表 明 他 的 心 情是否放松。 容易 误选 D, 因 为 它 前面有个短语 His breathing
calmed。 虽然”他呼吸平稳下来”是前面 stop 的结果，也表明他此刻心情 巳经放松了 ，但是 D 选项本身“缓慢而坚定地
向寺院大门走过去”却不是心情放松的标志。
24. [A]【定位］由题干how it (the monastery) is described定位到第5段、第8段。
【解析】第 5段描写该寺院时说，它是一个小小的建筑群落(a tiny huddle of buildings) , 建立在巨大的绝壁
上。 它是喜马拉雅地区最有名的佛教寺院， 周围环境宏伟壮丽， 无与伦比。 第 8段描写寺院时提到 quiet
grounds, pagoda-like, 它四周像护卫的衬裙似的向外伸开的建筑，以及天空显现出来的魔幻般的(magic)光
彩。 这一切，都呈现出一种令人敬畏的气氛。 所以答案是A。
【点睛】本题考查对描写笔触的感知能力 ，答案可能纷呈多样，但只要通读全文，从对寺院的地理位置、以及到访寺院者
的举止等的描写来看，都让人对这座寺院产生一种敬畏之情。
难旬分析
• Not only was his stature substantially greater than that of the diminutive Tibetans, but it was also obvi
ous from his bearing - and his new broadcloak, which covered a much-too-tight army uniform 一 that he
came from a markedly loftier station in life than did the average Tibetan.
【分析］理解本句需要注意以下三点：心but之后是it was also obvious… that结构，that 引导的是主语从旬，it是
形式主语；＠句中 from 的宾语是his bearing;@两个破折号之间的内容作插入语，与 his bearing并列，补充说明
from 的对象，该插入语是个带非限制性定语从句的名词短语。
trudge /tr/\屯I v. 缓慢或吃力地走 daunting /'中：nbl)/ a. 令人畏惧的，畏缩的
amphitheater /年mfI'8rnta/ n. 竞技场 deference /'defarans/ n. 敬重，尊重
专八200- --1diminutive /d1'mmjuhv/ a. 个子矮小的 majestic /ma屯esbk/ a. 雄伟的，壮丽的
stupendous /stju:'pendas/ a. 极大的，巨大的 crest /krest/ n. 顶点，顶部
grimy /'gra1m1/ a. 肮脏的，满是污垢的 emissary /em1s可I/ n. 使者
$_ECTIQ_� B
PASSAGE ONE
25. Because the city is between the familiar and the exotic.
【定位】由题意可以定位到文章的第 1、2段。
［解析】文章第 1 段第 1旬就表明欧美国家是主人公夫妇熟悉的地方，第 2段指出此行是为以后更奇特的旅行做准
备(prelude),同时孩子们也需要一个适应的过程。 由此可知这对夫妻选择Istanbul作目的地是由于该城市既熟悉
又有异国特色，因此答案为Because the city is between the familiar and the exotic。
26. They preferred fashion and brand names.
【定位】由 shopping experience back home定位到第8段。
【解析】文中提到，“我们的两个孩子的购物经验由百货公司和购物中心的时装店构成＂（那样的地方明码标价，所以
发现在Istanbul可以讨价还价时他们很高兴）。 前文还说两个孩子分别是 11 岁和 13 岁 ，因此，他们的购物经验都
是父母带出去购物时获得的。 由此再进一步推断，这对夫妇也是只去百货公司和时装店购物，由此表明他们偏爱购
买时装，注重品牌。 故答案为They preferred fashion and brand names.。
PASSAGE TWO
27. A loss of knowledge and experience to many companies.
【定位］由 consequence和baby-boomers approaching retirement定位到第 1-4段，准确地说，是第3-4段。
【解析】 第 1 段说婴儿潮期间出生的人临近退休 (heading towards retirement, 即本题题干中的 approaching
retirement) , 出现demographic cliff, 结果将是很多熟练的技术工人将离开劳动力市场。第3段说，这些人退休，各
公司将出现“知识管理难题”，希望他们退休不会把相应的经验和技术力量带走。IBM的调查结论含义与此相同。第
4段则专门提及shortage of expertise 的问题。 总之，这些人退休的后果是可能给公司带来知识、经验与技术上的
损失。 故答案是A loss of knowledge and experience to many companies。
28. Because they are in greatest need of skilled labour.
【定位】根据题干中的 come to near the top of The AARP's list定位到第 6段倒数第 2 句。
【解析】本题为何保健公司总是名列AARP名单的头几名。 第 6段倒数第 2 句明确提到，保健公司总是名列AARP
名单的头几名是由于该行业是最需要技术劳动力的一个产业， 因此答案为 Because they are in greatest need
of skilled labour。
29. Because they have other options to consider.
［定位］本题问美国企业对劳动力老龄化问题不采取措施的原因，由此查到最后一段。
［解析】最后一段第3 句说，“留住老员工并不是解决劳动力供应下降问题的唯一途径＂，然后文章介绍了几种应对
劳动力减少问题的方案。 由此可知， 这是由于美国企业有其他途径可以考虑， 因此答案为 Because they have
other options to consider。
PASSAGE THREE
30. The need to re-allocate domestic when they have children.
【定位】根据题干中的problem affects much more working wives可定位到第 2段第 1 句。
【解析】本题询问什么问题影响更多的在职妻子。 第2段第 1 句提及，“如果有孩子的话，她们需要重新分配家务”这
个问题影响更多的在职妻子，因此答案为The need to re-allocate domestic when they have children。
31. Sometimes make the first advances in love.
【定位］题干指明是最后一段，甚至是最后一句。
【解析】 题干中的 if they are to hold important jobs , 在文中相当于 if women will no longer let us beat
them, 即“如果男女性要在职场上完全平等的话”。文中作者说，如果这样的话，在性爱主动性方面，男女性也应该平
等一不能总是表面上看起来是男人主动，而实际上由女人决定是否建立恋爱关系；也可以倒过来，由女性表面上
主动点，男性来接受女性送来的鲜花和巧克力！ 答案是Sometimes make the first advances in love。
专八 2009-22、,-... ,-
PASSAGE FOUR
32. A panoramic view.
【定位】定位到第 5、6段。
【解析】第 6段第 1 句说：＂站在山嘴的顶端，顺着总长 12英里的都德科西大河谷一路看过去，尽头是努子峰全长 6
英里的花岗岩峭壁”。 然后文中接着说明阿玛达布朗峰、努子峰和珠穆朗玛峰的关系，读者眼前呈现的是这一带的
全景。 而第 5段中也有寺院周围的景色属“世界之最”的表述。 故答案为A panoramic view。
RART III LANGUAGE USAGE
1. the further-+a further ery rhyme是先学后传， 学会与传播之间的时间差距
【解析】句中意思是说两种 lore之间的”另一种更进一 少则 20年， 多则 70年； 本旬说school lore或play
步的差异”， 这种差异就是下文提到的二者在传播方 ground rhyme, 孩子们一边学一边传。 二者形成对
一
式上的差异。 前文没有提到过这种差异，此处是第一 照。 故用转折意义的however替换therefore。
次提及，故要用不定冠词 a而不用定冠词 the。 此题 6. the general general
易错之处是，把illustrates改为illustrated,变成现在 【解析】表达“通常、一般而言“应为 in general, 中间
完成时。 实际上，illustrate 用一般现在时没问题。 不用定冠词the。
2. when�until 7. currently---+current
【解析】这句话是说，nursery lore学会后一般要等到 ［解析】此句意为“若某个游戏童谣一直流行上百年"'
自己有了小孩或孙儿时才会传给别人听， 句中应用 表示“流行“应用形容词 current。 此处用形容词 cur
not… until结构表示“直到……才……”之意。 rent作to have been的表语。
3. thei广his 8. over /\ ;-+again
［解析］本题所在的分句主语是the little listener, 谓 【解析］注意旬中的分号，表明它前后是两个独立的分
语动词也用了单数形式，故行中 their own在指代的 旬。 首先引起怀疑的是passed along ... 它是否该用被
单复数上有问题。 要把their改作his(现代英语中也 动语态? along是否多余？ 注意本文前两行有 pass
可改作her)。 from. .. to…的结构，可以看出 pass 可以用作不及物
4. something-飞nything 动词，句中pass along的用法没有问题。 然后再寻找其
【解析】此处表示”在限定范围内的任何一点上＂，故用 他可能的“错误“ 实际上，本行中没有错误！最后只
anything。anything是副词，后面可以接from... to…这 好在 and over 后加 again; 而 over and over=
样的范围。 something表示“大约，非常”，用在句中不 over and over again, 只不过后者稍微有强调的含义。
合适。 另一种改法是把something改作somewhere, 9. live一alive
表示“在限定范围内的某一点上”，更侧重”大约、大 【解析】remain为系动词，要表达“保持鲜活、生动"'
概” 之义。 例如：It happened somewhere between 其后应接形容词性的 alive。 live也可用作形容词，意
3 and 4 o'clock. 仔细分析本旬含义，应该表示”时 思是“现场直播的”，用在此处不符合上下文语境。
间间隔可以是从20年到 70年之间的任何某个时间 10. to let alone-+� let alone
一
段",用anything 比somewhere好。 【解析】let alone为固定用法，表示”更别提……＂，前
5. therefore however 面不用to。
【解析］此旬与前旬在意义上应是转折关系，前句说，nurs-
PART IV TRANSLATION
1. 第一句“刷新”可译作renew或refresh,但注意句中与“关系”搭配，不可选用 refurbish或是renovate,因为它们不
能修饰relationship。 此处也可译为 alter或是 change,但语义更泛指一些。
2. 第二句考生较易按字面义译出“门口通常贴着一条通告"' 如 A notice is often posted outside the conference
room, 其实在一般情况下，这类动词可以不译出，使用 There be句型，把汉语动态转换为英语静态，这样更符合英
语的表达习惯。
3. 第四、五旬句意紧密，为显性的让步转折关系，故合译为一句。 前一句两个小分旬可译为并列关系，用 and连接，如
We are all common people and rarely have things of great urgency to do, 也可译成从属关系，相比之下，译
成从属关系更符合英语表达习惯， 可以用介词 with,without, as等连接。 ”重要的事情” 此处选用things of great
urgency来译，表达更为地道。 “轻易”不可简单地译成easily。 “轻易”应理解为“在一般情况下不愿意”或“除非在必
要情况下，否则不会”，可用 we are reluctant to tum off the phone或译文处的 not... unless (it is) absolutely
necessary结构。
4. 遇到像第七句“社交饥渴症”这样的词时不能按字面意思硬译。”饥渴症”即”渴望”，因此译为thirst for或 desire for
专八 2009 -23” “ ”
即可。 其实，＂饥渴症 中的 症 是一个范畴词，是汉语常用的特指手段。 汉语有使用范畴词的倾向，英语却有省略范
畴词的倾向。
参考译文
Mobile phones have renewed the interpersonal relationships. There is usually a notice on the door of
the meeting room, which reads, "Please turn off your mobile phones during the meeting! " Still, the meet
ing room invariably echoes with the mobile rings. Although we are all ordinary people with few matters of
great urgency, we will not turn off our mobile phones unless absolutely necessary. Turning on the mobile
phones is a symbol of our contact with the world. Mobile phones reflect our hunger for social communica
tion, as can always be seen in a phone user who comes to a sudden halt on his way, staring at the screen
of his mobile phone for texting regardless of whether he is in the middle of a road or by a public toilet.
PART V WRITING
写作指南
题目给出一篇文章，内容是建议博物馆采用收取门票的方法来应对财政困难。本文可从两个大方面来概括：由千政
府的资助减少，英国的博物馆陷入经济困境；作者认为收取门票是解决该问题的最佳方法，并给出理由和具体的门票收
取方案。 根据题目的要求，考生可采取以下的布局；
第一段：从上述的两方面来概括文章的大意。
第二、三段；亮出自己的观点－�收取门票的方法并不能解决博物馆的财政问题，并给出两个理由。
第四段：给出 自己的建议，提出有更好的解决方法 一是倡议政府伸出援手；二是博物馆应完善管理制度。
第五段；总结全文，重申博物馆不应向游客收取门票。
范文
Should Museums Charge for Admission?
According to the article, British museums are confronted with spending cuts. The author is worried that
such a cut in government support to the museums w山 lead to their decay. In order to keep the museums
alive, the author suggests that museums charge for entry. A charging scheme is suggested: Free entry for
evecyone under 20 and all students, and membership schemes for the rest of the citizens.
However, in my opinion, charging for entry can hardly serve its purpose of reviving museums. First, as
is said in the article, the museums which suffered the most cut in government support are those "less
fashionable venu�s ". For these places, owing to their small number of visitors, charging for entry would not
help much in improving their financial situation; on the contrary, it could further reject potential visitors.
Second, museums serve as a public welfare and if they charge for admission, it is possible that they
may concentrate on how to make money, thus failing their role for public welfare. In China, those most
popular museums and parks have become tourist attractions, and they normally raise their admission fees
evecy three years, which has caused much criticism from the public.
In order to make a balance between "protection of the museum" and "function as public welfare", I
think better ways can be found rather than charging for entry. First, it is the responsibility of the
government to maintain the museums, and funds must be appropriated to keep their operation. Second, as
to the more attractive museums, they can introduce the "daily visiting limit" scheme to ensure their smooth
management. That is, when in peak periods, guests must book beforehand so that the museums can have a
control of the total visit for each day.
In short, I think it a bad idea for museums to charge for admission. Better management and financial
measures may be the right solution to this issue.
亮点词汇
be confronted with sth. 面对（某种问题等） decay /d1'ke1/ n. 衰败，衰退
serve one's purpose of. .. 达到它……的目的 revive /n'varv/ vt. 使复苏
public welfare 公共福利 appropriate /a praupne廿I vt. 拨出（款项等）供专用
beforehand /b1'fo:h岔nd/ ad. 预先，事先
专八 2009 -24
