高考单词 E（原卷版）
目录
高考单词E...............................................................................................................................................................1
高考核心词汇与练习---E......................................................................................................................................36
encounter [ɪn'kaʊntə(r)] n. 邂逅；遭遇 v. 遭遇；偶然碰到
【助记】counter可表示“相对的”，这种面对面的情景，引申出encounter相遇，偶遇。
1. 【真句】what traps they encountered that you should avoid.【2024年1月九省联考】他们遇到了哪些陷阱，
你应该避免。
2. 【真句】Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor
memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary.
【2023北京卷】确实，当我们谈论环境变化时，我们可以形成一种集体的“健忘症”，每一代新人都
可能认为他们所遇到的状况是再正常不过的。
3. 【真句】Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will
encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by
consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.【2021 年 6 月北京
卷】任何将河流时间与原子时间联系起来考虑的人都会遇到严重的不
平衡，并可能会被激励通过减少燃料消耗或支持绿色政策来抵消这种不平衡。
4. 【真句】 I encountered many hikers ... 【2018年天津】我遇到了很多徒步旅行者
eager [ˈiːɡə] adj. 热切的(放名词前)；渴望的
1. 【真句】Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to trysomething new. 【2023新高考2卷】虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，被泥土排斥，但大多数人都渴望尝试
新的东西。
2. 【真句】She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. 【2021
年6月全国甲卷】她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了。
3. 【真句】Due to popular demand, a writing project will be started for eager
beginners.【2014湖南阅读】由于大众
的需要，我们将为热切的初学者开启一个写作项目。
用法：be eager to do sth/for sth渴望做某事
同义词：be desperate to do sth/for sth渴望……；long to do sth/for sth；be anxious to do sth/for sth
educate [ˈedjʊkeɪt] vt. 教育, 培养
【真句】 The agency director says that they will focus their resources on educating the homeless. 【2023.2
四省联考】该机构主管说他们将把资源集中用于教育无家可归者。
【真句】 On this day every year, countries around the
world hold events to educate people about the problems
of dirty water... 【2020浙江】每年的这一天，世界各
国都举办活动，教育人们了解脏水问题。
【拓展】educator ['edju:keitə(r)] n. 教育家
education [edjʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 教育, 培养
【真句】 After investing more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full
season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008.【2018 江苏
卷】在投资了100多万美元重建这座建筑后，我们在2008年开始制作全年的戏剧表演、爵士音乐会和
全年的艺术教育项目。
eagle[ˈiːɡəl] n. 鹰ear [ɪə] n. 耳朵
early [ɜːlɪ] adj. 早期的，提前的；adv. 在早期，提前
1. 【真句】Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.
【2022年新高考1卷】我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早年我们的孩子还小的时候。
2. 【真句】The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to
tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. 【2021年6月全国甲
卷】这头可爱的雌性小犀牛是今年在保护区出生的第二头黑犀牛，但现在判断这些小犀牛是否会成为
返回野生保护区的合适人选还为时过早。
3. 【真句】Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice to her opinion on the
subject.【2016天津】玛丽在早期的讨论是沉默的，但是最后给出了这一话题的观点。
earn [ɜːn] v. 挣；赢得；博得
1. 【真句】College graduates earn about twice the income of those who never attended college.【2014四川阅
读】
2. 大学毕业生获得的收入是没上过大学的人的收入两倍。
3. 【真句】When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a
scholarship.【2013北京完形】当我进入伯克利大学的时
候我希望赢得奖学金
4. 【真句】 This exposure has provided them with many
chances to learn to distinguish between them.【2021年6
月浙江卷】这种接触给他们提供了很多机会来学习区分它们。
短语：earn one’s living 谋生（相当于 make a living）
【真句】For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers.【2015安徽阅读】多年
来，大部分爱尔兰人靠做农民谋生。
earth [ɜːθ] n. 地球；土地辨析：on earth 究竟；
【真句】The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. 【2023北京卷】唯一已知的显示这种
现象的系统是地球的生物圈
【真句】Why on earth did you do that?【2015湖北阅读】你究竟为什么那么做？
on the earth在地球上
【真句】There are already too many people on the Earth.【2013重庆阅读】地球上有太多的人。
earthquake [ˈɜːθkweɪk] n. 地震
easy [ˈi:zi] adj. 容易的；舒服的
1. 【真句】What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. 【2023全国乙卷】更
重要的是，室内植物很容易照料，而且不是很贵。
2. 【真句】They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.【2015全国一阅读】他
们不得不寻找舒适的椅子来匹配这些桌子
3. 【真句】He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has
no doubt about it.【2020全国2.】他说，要让人们相信海狸鼠的皮毛是绿色的
并不容易，但他对此毫不怀疑。
easy的名词形式：ease
easy的动词形式：easeease [iːz] n. 容易 v. 缓解
【真句】Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis.【2013上海阅读】以下是缓解当前食品危机的
3个措施
【真句】We live in an age when more information is available with great ease than ever before.【2012浙江】
我们生活在一个可以比以往任何时候都容易获得更多信息的时代里。
同义词：relieve v. 缓解
east [iːst] adj. 东 adv. 在东方 n. 东，东方
【真句】Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country
during holidays. 【2023.2四省联考】突尼斯人的父亲，他的出生地
在该国东部度假。
eastern [ˈiːstən] adj. 东方的；东部的
eastwards [ˈiːstwədz] adv. 向东
【真句】El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards
when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round. 【2016江苏】在厄尔
尼诺现象中，西太平洋数年来聚集的暖水，在通常向西吹的风减弱时，向东流回，有时则相反。
Easter [ˈiːstə] n. 复活节
【真句】In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a
budget. 【2018全国1卷】在今晚的复活节特别节目中，他们来帮助一个家庭，在预算上需要一些美味
的灵感。
eat [iːt] v. 吃
短语：eat out 外出吃饭1. 【真句】 To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and
risking a spill (溢出)...【2023新高考1卷】要吃一个，你必须决定是否要先在上面咬一个小洞，让水流
出来，冒着洒出来的风险...
2. 【真句】Since people can’t always eat out or cook for themselves , they get takeout or order
delivery.【2022北京卷】因为人们不可能总是在外面吃饭或自己做饭，所以他们会得到外卖或订购送货。
3. 【真句】I eat what I consider a fairly healthy diet. 【2019.3天津】我吃我认为相当健康的饮食。
eat up 吃光
【真句】More often than not, the escaped fish is then eaten up.【2014湖南阅读】那些逃脱的鱼经常都被吃
光了。
ecology [ɪˈkɔlədʒɪ] n. 生态；生态学
1. 【真句】Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we
related time to ecology?【2021北京卷】忘记时间是绝对的吧。如果我们没有从天文学的角度来考虑时间，
而是把时间和生态学联系起来呢？
2. 【真句】It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local
environment to the global ecology.【2015陕西阅读】很明显，咖啡的种植方式影响生活的许多方面，从
当地的环境到全球的生态。
economy, economic, economist, economics的辨析
economy [ɪˈkɒnəmi] n. 经济
1. 【真句】They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.【2023.1浙江卷】
他们需要成为土地的保护者，并为农业经济做出贡献。
2. 【 真 句 】 Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have
caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past
couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural
economy.【2023.1浙江卷】在过去的几十年里，栖息地的丧失、杀虫剂的使用和气候变化导致了传粉昆虫数量的急剧下降，这损害了美国的农业经济。
3. 【真句】Television gave another push to the local economy.【2015湖北阅读】电视也推动了当地的经济。
economy的形容词形式为：economic
economic [ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk] adj. 经济的
【真句】The values of artistic works are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.【2015重
庆阅读】 艺术作品的价值观仅仅反应了当地的社会和经济条件。
economics [ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪks] n. 经济学
1. 【真句】Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it
requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at
how those things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society.【2022年6月
北京卷】系统思维对于实现零饥饿和更好的营养等目标至关重要，因为它需要考虑粮食生产、加工、
交付和消费的方式，并审视这些东西如何与人类健康、环境、经济和社会相互交叉。
2. 【真句】The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-
uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. 【2021北京
卷】在世界上技术最先进的国家，在这个仍未受控制的大流行和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可
思议的事情尤为重要。3. 【真句】The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone.【2020江苏
卷】据洛夫丰尼公司的创始人罗伯特·科尔说，这些小商店在经济上很有意义。
4. There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about
the economy.【2014山东阅读】很多学生都不是经济学专业，他们想学一些经济学的东西。
economist [ɪˈkɒnəmɪst] n. 经济学家
edge [edʒ] n. 边缘；优势
1. 【真句】 These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established
trail. 【2023新高考2卷】这些活动包括遇到野生动物，沿着水边行走，以及沿着一条既定的小径行走。
2. 【真句】I sat on the edge of the street and watched enviously the other boys on the block play baseball.【2014
浙江阅读】我坐在街边，羡慕地看着街上的其他的孩子玩棒球。
3. 【真句】We feel we’re at the cutting edge.【2015浙江阅读】我们觉得我们有优势edit [ˈedɪt]v. 编辑，剪辑
【真句】The dictionary was edited by an American volunteer.【2012山东阅读】该字典是由一个美国志愿
者编辑的。
edit的名词形式：edition, editor
edition [ɪˈdɪʃən] n. 编辑，版本
【真句】The new edition is scheduled to appear in May.【2015山东阅读】新版本计划于5月面世。
editor [ˈedɪtə] n. 编辑
【真句】He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones.
【2015北京阅读】他渴望和一个能把他的好主意变成一个伟大主意的编辑谈话。
educate [ˈedjʊkeɪt] v. 教育
【真句】On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems
of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. 【2020年1月浙
江卷】每年的这一天，世界各国都会举办活动，教育人们了解污水问题，清洁水是世界各地每个人都
应该拥有的。
【真句】Computers have revolutionized our lives and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge.
【2013湖北阅读】电脑彻底改变了我们的生活而且它们能够教育并且传授知识。
【真句】My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives.【2013辽宁阅
读】我和我的妻子决定去教育人们怎样在生活中变得环保。
educate的名词形式：education 教育；educator 教育者
educate的形容词形式：educated educational
educated [ˈedʒukeɪtɪd] adj. 受过教育的
【真句】Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. 受过教育的人是理性的，并且回去查看事
实。[任务型读写]2015安徽educational [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl] adj. 教育的
1. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in
print.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，特别是当它们提供印刷
品中无法获得的资源时。
2. 【真句】I’m a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational
consultant.【2016天津写作】我是一个34岁的已婚男人，住着一个漂亮的房子并且作为教育顾问有着
一个非常成功的职业。
effect [ɪˈfekt] n. 影响；效果
1. 【真句】This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same.
【2023新高考1卷】这种效应利用了这样一个事实：当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。
2. 【真句】However,this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it
only shows an association.【2022年1月浙江卷】然而，这项研究并没有显示心血管健康和痴呆之间的因
果关系，它只是显示了一种关联。
用法：have an a(n) adj influence/effect/impact on 对……有影响
【真句】Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun
and adjust the climate.【2014安徽阅读】雨林对世界环境有很大影响因为他们可以吸收太阳的热量并且
调节气候。
短语：take effect 生效
【真句】Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect.【2014山东阅读】
很少有法律如此有效以至于你可以看到他们在实施几天之后就生效了。
put/bring sth into effect 实施
【真句】Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to create an ideal observation condition.
【2013天津阅读】照明规定在Flagstaff, Arizona被实施以创造一个理想的观测条件。
side effect 副作用
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken
it.【2015浙江】尽管大约2000多人服用了该药但是还不清楚其副作用是什么。注意：affect虽然也有“影响”的意思，但是它是动词而effect是名词
effect的形容词形式：effective
effective [ɪˈfektɪv] adj. 有效的
1. 【真句】Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective
at getting grizzlies away.【2023全国甲卷】在鸡舍和其他农场动物宿舍周围设置电动围栏也对赶走灰熊
非常有效。
2. 【真句】...they also make themselves more effective at work. 【2022浙江卷】...他们也能使自己在工作中
更有效率。
3. 【真句】We will be holding a free taster session on 23rd May, at 10 am, to demonstrate the variety of effective
and active exercises.【2021年6月新高考二卷】我们将在5月23日上午10点举办一场免费的体验课，
展示各种有效和积极的锻炼方式。
4. 【真句】Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect.【2014山东阅读】
很少有法律如此有效以至于你可以看到他们在实施几天之后就生效了。
efficient [ɪˈfɪʃnt] adj. 高效的
1. 【真句】Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. 【2022全国乙
卷】成本将被削减，运营效率也将更加高效。
2. As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be.【2022新
高考2卷】随着年龄的增长，即使我们很健康，心脏处理氧气的效率也不如以前高了。
3. 【真句】This would mean a more efficient use of time.【2013上海阅读】这意味着时间可以得到高效利用。
efficient的名词形式：efficiency
efficiency [ɪˈfɪʃnsi] n. 效率
1. 【真句】In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.【2021年6月新高考1卷】 在法
国，生活质量比效率更重要。
2. 【真句】2021年6月新高考1Factories have improved efficiency.【2014江西阅读】工厂改善了效率。effort [ˈefət] n.力气，精力；努力
1. 【真句】...we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining
calories...【2024年1月浙江卷】...我们重塑了我们周围的世界，显著降低了获取卡路里所需的成本和努
力...
2. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 【2024年6月
新课标全国Ⅱ卷】创新的设计需要很少的努力就能实现每周可靠的新鲜绿叶蔬菜供应。
3. 【真句】While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no
guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.虽然Queensland 铁路公司
尽一切努力确保列车按计划运行，但无法保证列车之间或列车服务与公交车服务之间的连接。
4. 【真句】Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and
researching something with so few apparent benefits?【2015江西阅读】为什么人类要探索太空？为什么要
将金钱、时间、精力花费在探索和研究一些没有明显好处的东西上。
短语：make an effort /make every effort to do 努力做某事；
【真句】Adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in
doing so.【2012上海阅读】青少年同龄人群体通常努力逃离成年人的监督并且通常会成功。
spare no effort(s) to do 不遗余力
【真句】Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
【2013福建阅读】父母为他们的小孩安排了一切并且不遗余力地为他们的成功开辟道路。
egg [eɡ] n. 蛋，卵
eggplant [ˈeɡplɑːnt] n. 茄子
elder[ˈeldə] adj 年纪较大的（只放在名词前）；n 长者，长辈
1. 【真句】There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the
charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. 【2022新高考1卷】现在有700名老人在东北部的20家养老院照顾母鸡，该慈善机构已经得到了财政支持，以便在全国范围内推广母鸡。
2. 【真句】The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them
feeling lonely. 【2022新高考1卷】伦敦养老院的老人被用来照顾母鸡，以防止它们感到孤独。
3. 【真句】I attended match after match and performances of my elder son’s band.【2014四川完形】我参加了
大儿子一场又一场的比赛和表演。
4. 【真句】He filled his leather container with water so that he could bring some back to an elder who had been
his teacher.【2015广东语法填空】他将皮质的容器装满水这样他就可以将水带回给一位长者，这位长者
曾经是他的老师。
elect [ɪˈlekt] v. 选举
【真句】They each gave a speech telling us what they would do when they were elected.【2012北京写作】
他们都做了演讲，告诉我们当他们被选举的时候会做什么。
elect的名词形式：election 选举
electricity [ɪlekˈtrɪsɪtɪ] n. 电
【真句】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.【2016浙
江】及时支付你的电费账单是很重要的，因为晚点支付会影响你的信用。
辨析：electrical, electric, electronic
electrical [ɪˈlektrɪkəl] 电的，与电有关的
【真句】Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.【2022年6月全国乙卷】无
人机已经被用于检查高压电线。
electric[ɪˈlektrɪk] adj. 用电的；带电的；电动的
【真句】An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush.【2014山东阅读】电动牙刷感觉
到你刷了多长时间和多好。
【真句】Windmills allowed them to have electric lights and radio.【2015安徽阅读】风车可以让人们使用
电灯和广播。
electronic [ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk] adj. 电子的【真句】Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.【2015江苏阅读】电子设备包含
有诸如金银这样的贵重金属。
elegant [ˈelɪɡənt] adj. 优雅的，精美的
【真句】 I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.【2019.6天津】这些词的优美发
音给了我极大的启发。
【真句】Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese characters.【2016全国三语
法填空】真正精美的筷子可能是由带有汉子的金银组成的。
elephant [ˈelɪfənt] n. 大象
else [els] adj 别的，其他的（做后置定语）
Joe is proud and stubborn, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame. 【2014
浙江阅读】Joe非常的傲慢和固执，从来不承认他错了并且总是怪罪其他人。
短语：or else 否则
Run or else you'll be late.【高考真句】快跑, 不然你要迟到了。
elsewhere [ˌelsˈweə] adv. 其它的地方
【真句】Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless
improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.【2020海南】或者设计作品它被其他地方一
次又一次地采用，似乎无害的改进，直到突然之间，它不再工作了。
【真句】You are free to submit the article elsewhere at the same time.【2015北京阅读】同时你可以在其它
地方提交文章
e-mail n. 电子邮件
embarrass [ɪmˈbærəs] v. 使尴尬When I was a teenager, my mother’s broken English embarrassed me.【2015广东阅读】当我还是青少年的
时候，我妈妈那蹩脚的英语使我很尴尬。
embarrass的名词形式：embarrassment
embarrass的形容词形式：embarrassed; embarrassing
embarrassment [ɪmˈbærəsmənt] n. 尴尬
Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid
the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.【2013 江苏阅 读】团队
领袖必须克服与犯错有关的尴尬的自然欲望。
embarrassed [ɪmˈbærəst] adj. 尴尬的
I felt such a sense of relief that I would no longer have to be embarrassed when I returned to school.【2015浙
江完形】我感到很宽慰因为当我回学校的时候我不必再感到尴尬了。
embarrassing [ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ] adj. 令人尴尬的
I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year.【2012北京阅读】我笑了
笑，立刻回想到年初那令人尴尬的时刻。
embassy [ˈembəsɪ] n. 大使馆
拓展：ambassador n. 男大使；ambassadress n. 女大使
emergency [ɪˈmɜːdʒənsɪ] n. 紧急情况
Emergency line operators must always stay calm and make sure that
they get all the information they need 【2012湖北】紧急电话 接线员
必须保持冷静并且确保他们得到所有需要的信息。
emperor [ˈempərə] n. 皇帝empire [ˈempaɪə] n. 帝国
employ [ɪmˈplɔɪ]vv. 雇佣；使用，运用
Merchants were employed to promote products.【2015全国一阅读】商人被雇佣来促销产品。
They are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity.【2013湖南简答】他们不被允许使用带电的工具。
employ的名词形式：employee；employer；employment
employ的形容词形式：unemployed
employee [ɪmˈplɔɪi:] n. 雇员
The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 【2015
天津】该公司的老板努力创造一个雇员会喜欢他们自己工作的舒适氛围。
employer [ɪmˈplɔɪə] n. 雇主
Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees, because those people represent the
companies to their customers.【2012陕西阅读】大多数雇主非常在乎他们员工的外貌，因为在顾客面前
这些员工代表着公司。
employment [ɪmˈplɔɪmənt] n. 雇用；就业
The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase
it.【2015北京】由于当地政府努力增加就业率，大城市的就业率持续增加。
unemployed [ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd] adj. 失业的
They are less likely to have been unemployed.【2016天津阅读】他们更不可能被解雇。
empty [ˈemptɪ] adj. 空的 v. 倒空
I emptied my purse change into the hands of a homeless man.【2015上海填词】我把包里的零钱倒在一个无
家可归人的手上。empty的名词形式：emptiness 空；空虚
encourage [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ] 激励，鼓励；激发，助长
1. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-
use plastic.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】在办公室内，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免使用一次性塑料来
鼓励回收和减少浪费。
2. ...biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded
image.”【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】...生物多样性应用程序也可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传图
片的识别。
3. Teens may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior.【2014江苏阅读】青少年
也许觉得被迫使用毒品或假如助长罪犯行为的团体。
4. Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking
improved precautions（预防措施）.【2013湖北阅读】看到暗淡的未来也许会激发人们对自己进行积极
的评价并且采取改善的预防措施。
用法：encourage sb to do sth 激发某人做某事，鼓励某人做某事
We have to encourage young people to be more active.【2012安徽阅读】我们不得不鼓励年轻人变得更加
积极。
encourage的名词形式：encouragement [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt]鼓励
end [end] v. 结束，停止 n. 结束；末尾；端
It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.【2012全国一】总统做什么去结束罢工还
不清楚。
Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship.【2014安徽阅读】其它痛苦的时刻也被
提及，如关系的结束。
From her end of the conversation，I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill.【2014重庆阅读】从
故事的末尾我们可以立刻判断出她的妈妈病情很严重。
After some time, I stopped at the other end of the town.【2012湖北完形】一段时间之后我再镇上的另一端
停了下来。
end的形容词：endless adj. 无止境的；无数的短语：end in 以……告终
Within 24 hours the reintroducing ended in failure.【2014湖北阅读】再次引入的做法不到24小时就以失
败告终。
end up (尤指在经历一系列意料之外的事情后)最终处于
Having all this information in one place could end up saving your mother's life.【2013全国二阅读】把这些
信息放在一起你最后就可以拯救你妈妈的生命了。
You help organize sports activities and other outdoor pursuits and you could end up with a qualification as an
instructor.【2014广东阅读】你可以帮助组织体育活动和其他户外活动，最后还可以取得一个导师资格
证书，
in the end 最后
Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up.【2014北京阅读】当你不放弃的时
候，好事肯定会发生的。
at the end of 在……最后
At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion.【2015天津阅】读在故事的最后，我
的又想到了再次团聚的最后场景。
by the end of 到……的末端
By the end of winter, you will be able to put on your own boots.【2014江苏阅读】到冬天结束的时候，你能
够穿上你自己的靴子。
on end 连续地
I’ve been working for two weeks on end.【2015江苏】我连续上了两周班。
make ends meet 收支相抵
We got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet.【2015天津阅读】我们起早贪黑的
工作只能收支相抵。
come to an end 结束
Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.【2015江苏任务型阅读】在数码时代自由有可能结束。
put sth to an end 使……结束
I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.【2012广东阅读】我希
望该研究将终结严格按照时间需要喂养孩子的做法。ending [ˈendɪŋ] n. 结局，结尾
The happy ending of the story attracted him.【2015天津阅读】故事的快乐结局吸引了他
enemy [ˈenɪmɪ]n. 敌人
So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape. []2014 山东 攻击时如此突然以至于敌人没
时间逃跑。
energy [ˈenədʒɪ] n. 精力；能源；能量
Many of us invest valuable time, energy and money planning our vacations.【2014湖南阅读】我们当中的许
多人投入了宝贵的时间、精力和钱来规划我们的假期。
The main argument against nuclear energy is that it isn’t safe.【2013全国一】反对核能的主要论点为核能是
不安全的。我们当中的许多人投入了宝贵的时间、精力和金钱在我们的假期规划当中。
Although fat people consume more energy than slim people，they also fail to realize how much they eat!
【2014重庆阅读】尽管胖的人比瘦的人消耗更多的能量，但是他们并没有意识到他们吃了多么多。
energy的形容词形式：energetic
energetic [enəˈdʒetɪk] adj.精力充沛的
Do you wake up every morning feeling energetic and ready to start a new day?【2015湖南】
你是不是每天早上起来感到精力充沛并且准备好开始新的一天。
engineering [ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ] n. 工程
engine [ˈendʒɪn] n. 发动机
engineer [endʒɪˈnɪə] n. 工程师；
enjoy [ɪnˈdʒɔɪ] v. 享受；享有，拥有The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 【2015
天津】该公司的老板努力创造一个雇员会喜欢他们自己工作的舒适氛围。
Its products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands.【2013湖南阅读】它的产品享有世界顶级品牌的
名声。
短语：enjoy oneself 玩的开心
The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.【2015北京】公园充满了在阳光下玩得开
心的人
enjoy的名词形式：enjoyment快乐，乐趣；enjoy的形容词形式：enjoyable [ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl] 令人快乐的
I got no enjoyment out of jogging.【2013浙江阅读】在慢跑中我并没有得到什么乐趣。
Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.【2013上海阅读】听音乐对他们而言远非让他们快乐。
enlarge [ɪnˈlɑːdʒ]v. 扩大
In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control...【2024年6月北京卷】在人类中，大脑显著增大增
强了自我控制...
He hoped to enlarge the forest on the farm.【2013四川阅读】他希望扩大农田中林地的面积。
enough [ɪˈnʌf] n. 足够 adj. 足够的/充分的 adv. 足够地/充分地
In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs.【2015安徽阅读】
在20世纪50年代，许多穷人没有足够的钱搬往郊区。
Up until now, I had been old enough to dress myself, but today I would need some help.【2014陕西阅读】
到目前为止我已经足够大去自己穿衣服，但是今天我需要一些帮助。
Research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns.【2014北京阅读】在这一领域的研究不足
以得出普遍的模式。
ensure [ɪn'ʃʊə] v. 确保（等于make sure）
Every few years, the coal workers have their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.【2015上海】每隔几年煤炭
工人都会给他们的肺做X光以确保它们健康。
enquiry [ɪnˈkwaɪərɪ] n. 询问enter [ˈentə] vt进入；输入
Knock at the door before you enter my room, please.【2012北京】进入房间之前
请先敲门
Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past?【2013广
东阅读】她输入学生号的速度和以前一样吗？
enter 的名词形式：entry [ˈentrɪ] 进入（的动作），进入（权）；entrance [ˈentrəns] 入口，进入
（权）
They are currently free to participants, no entry qualifications are required.【2013湖南阅读】
参与者可以自由进入，不需要资格认证。
There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school; I noticed the entrance was small and almost
blocked.【2014北京作文】我们学校停自行车的地方有一个问题；我注意到入口太小了并且几乎被堵住
了。
We shouldn't take it for granted that we still have a lot of time before the Entrance Examination.【2014浙江阅
读】我们不能理所当然地认为在入学考试之前还有很多时间。
enterprise [ˈentəpraɪz] n. 公司
含有“公司”之意的词：company; firm; corporation; business
entertain [entəˈteɪn] v. 使快乐，娱乐；招待，款待
Your favorite Channel 3 television actors and singers will entertain you.【2013江西阅读】你最爱的3频道的
歌手和演员将逗你开心
You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
【2015天津阅读】当一些家庭成员觉得你侵犯他们隐私的时候你无权在家款待朋友。
entertain的名词形式：entertainment [entəˈteɪnmənt] 娱乐活动，娱乐节目；招待，款待
entertainer表演者；
entertain的形容词形式：entertaining有趣的enthusiastic [ɪnθjuːzɪˈæstɪk] adj. 热情的，热心的
If they win the final tonight, the team is going to tour around the city to be cheered by their enthusiastic
supporters.【2015浙江】如果他们今晚赢得了决赛，队伍将会环游被热情的支持者所欢呼的城市。
用法：be enthusiastic about (doing) sth
She was even less enthusiastic about going to Spain.【高考真句】她甚至对前往西班牙都不怎么感兴趣。
enthusiastic的名词形式：enthusiasm 热情
Her enthusiasm never cooled down.【2013湖南阅读】她的热情从来没有退却。
entire [ɪnˈtaɪə] adj. 全部的，整个的
All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance for the entire family!【2015福建阅
读】在9月12日之前所有预定的全部家庭都可以得到免费旅游保险。
entire的副词：entirely 完全地，彻底地
Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.【2015天津】被成英
语之后，这个句子有完全不同的语序。
拓展：含有“完全地”之意的词altogether; totally; completely; purely; thoroughly; wholly
envelope [ˈenvələʊp] n. 信封
environment [ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt] n.环境
We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment...【2024年6月新课标全国
Ⅱ卷】我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。。。
It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
【2014福建阅读】正是文化而非语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。
We are confident that the environment will be improved by our further efforts to reduce pollution.【2013辽宁
阅读】我们却信通过进一步的减少污染的努力环境将会被改善。
environment的形容词形式： environmental 环境的
Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered.
【2015安徽阅读】 我们不仅要考虑工程本身的成本而且还要考虑环境的成本。envy [ˈenvɪ] n. v. 羡慕，嫉妒
She was the envy of the whole community.【2016江苏阅读】整个社区都羡慕她。
He envied Richard’s marriage.【2014上海阅读】他嫉妒理查德的婚姻。
envy的形容词形式：envious [ˈenviəs] adj. 羡慕的；嫉妒的，
Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously.【2012江西阅读】马克
和他的兄弟杰森羡慕地看着闪闪发光的新电脑。
envious同义词: jealous [ˈdʒeləs] adj. 嫉妒的；羡慕的
He’s just jealous!【2013江西阅读】他就是嫉妒我。
短语：be jealous of 对……嫉妒
Chimps are jealous of the winners.【2014上海阅读】黑猩猩嫉妒赢家。
jealous的名词形式jealousy [ˈdʒeləsi] n. 嫉妒；羡慕
equal [ˈiːkwəl] adj平等的；（大小、数量、价值）相同的； vt与某人或某事物相等或相同
He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others.【2015江西阅读】
他认为人生而平等，尽管一些人潜力比其他人大。
Celebrity clothing lines are started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top
brands.【2013湖南阅读】名人衣服产品由一流明星创办，他们的产品与国际品牌的产品享有同等的声
誉。
We chase happiness and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those
things aren’t necessarily happier.【2013天津阅读】我们追逐幸福并将幸福等同于成功和财富，却没有意
识到那些拥有成功与财富的人未必更幸福。
短语：have no equal出类拔萃
Armstrong had no equal when it came to playing the American popular song.【2012陕西阅读】在演奏流行
歌曲方面阿姆斯特朗出类拔萃。
equal的名词形式：equality [iːˈkwɔlətɪ] n. 平等
But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents.【2013广东阅读】但
是家庭方面的专家警告这种新的平等可能导致孩子对父母不够尊重。equip [ɪˈkwɪp] vt.装备，配备；使有知识或技能，使能够胜任
To us, the most important decision you’ll make is to choose the school that really fits you best — not the one
that is the most competitive or has the best- equipped rooms.【2014四川阅读】对我们而言你将做的最重要
的决定就是选择一个最适合你的学校，而不是最有竞争力的或装备最好的学校。
Equip the unemployed with different skills.【2013福建阅读】使失业人员有不同的技能。
It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.【2014全国二】人们经常说人类自然能够
说话
equip的名词形式：equipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt] n. 设备，装备
Children get free equipment for their online education.【2015辽宁阅读】儿童可以得到网络教育的免费装
备。
eraser [ɪˈreɪzə] n. 橡皮擦
error [ˈerə] n. 错误 同义词：mistake n. 错误
erupt [ɪˈrʌpt] v. 爆发，迸发
The crowd erupted into laughter.【2015福建完形】人群爆发出笑声。
erupt的名词形式：eruption [ɪ'rʌpʃn] 爆发
a volcanic eruption 【2014辽宁阅读】火山爆发
escape [ɪˈskeɪp] v. 逃走；逃避
Only with the greatest of luck did he manage to escape from the rising flood waters.【2012上海】
只有拥有非常好的运气她才能成功逃脱越来越大的洪水。
A wicked person cannot escape punishment.【2014福建阅读】坏人不可能逃避惩罚。
短语：escape one’s attention 逃过某人的注意，被某人忽视
Although he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.【2012广东完形】
尽管他认为坐在后面可以逃避注意力但是他错了
name/title/date etc escapes sb. 某人记不起名字、标题、日期等
Her name escapes me.【高考真句】我想不起她的名字了especially [ɪˈspeʃəlɪ] adv. 尤其，特别
The text is especially helpful for those who care about their body shape.【2015全国二阅读】这篇文章对于
那些在乎身体体形的来说尤其有帮助。
同义词：particularly adv. 尤其，特别
essay [ˈeseɪ] n. 文章，散文
He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing his essay there ever since.【2015福建】
早饭后他去了图书馆，从那之后他一直在写文章
同义词：article n. 文章
evaluate [ɪˈvæljʊeɪt] v. 评价，评估
Data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators.【2013江苏任务型读写】
其他调查者对数据进行了分析并且对结果进行了评价和分享。
evaluate的名词形式：evaluation [ɪˌvæljʊ'eɪʃn] n. 评价，评估
同义词：asses v. 评价，评估；judge v. 判断，评价
even [ˈiːvən] adv. 甚至 adj. 平的，均匀的
Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years!【2015广东完形】一些科学家甚至说我们可以活
长达130岁。
At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew（千斤顶）the same amount at the same time, thereby
raising the building slowly and evenly.【2015湖南阅读】根据Pullman的信号，每个人同时以同样的力量
转动千斤顶，因此这个大楼可以缓慢平稳地上升。
even so 即使这样
Even so, we decided to talk with the owner directly.【2015天津完形】即使这样，我们决定直接和主人谈
话。
even if/though 即使，即便
Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be punctual.【2015湖北】尽管会议大厅在他的公寓附近，但是如果想准时他还得快点。
evening [ˈiːvnɪŋ] n. 傍晚，晚上（睡觉前） 注意：night n. 晚上（睡觉后）
event [ ɪ'vent] n. 事件；比赛项目；活动
Which of the following is the most famous event held at Cambridge Arts Cinema?【2015全国二阅读】下面
中的哪一个是在Cambridge Arts Cinema举办的著名事件。
Sports are also an event that unites people.【2015天津阅读】体育也是能够团结人们的活动。
What event will you take part in if you love to dance?【2014北京】如果你喜欢跳舞你将参加哪个比赛项目?
短语：in the event of 如果发生……
Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the
event of emergencies.【2013江西阅读】通过给予物质的方式提供直接帮助在短期来看是有用的，但是如
果发生紧急情况还得继续提供帮助。
eventually [ɪˈventjʊəlɪ] adv. 最后，最终
Eventually, I decided to follow her and what happened truly amazed me.【2016上海语法与词汇】最后我决
定听从她的建议，发生的事情真的让我很惊讶。
同义词：finally adv. 最后，最终
ever [ˈevə] adv. 曾经
every [ˈevrɪ] adj. 每一，每个的
everybody pron. 每人，人人
everyday [ˈevrɪbɔdɪ] adj.每天的everyone [ˈevrɪwʌn] pron. 每人
everything [ˈevrɪθɪŋ] pron. 每件事，所有事
everywhere [ˈevrɪweə] adv每个地方
evidence [ˈevɪdəns] n. 证据
In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating
habits.【2014陕西阅读】尽管有这些差异，但是证据表明最近的生活方式的变化也许影响法国人的饮食
习惯。
evident [ˈevɪdənt] adj. 明显的
It became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! 【2012
北京阅读】很明显有两个名字形同却长得完全一样的两个人。
evolution [iːvəˈluːʃn] n. 进化
He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.【2013江苏阅读】他怀疑是其他动物的
进化引起了这个变化。
易混词：revolution [ˌrevəˈlu:ʃn] n. 革命
The TV revolution is changing lives for the better.【2015福建阅读】电视革命正在改变人们的生活往好的
方向发展。
exact [ɪɡˈzækt] adj 确切的，精确的
Although the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could notarrest him.【2014湖南】尽管警方认为他是最有可能的嫌疑人，但是因为他们没有确切的证据所以不能
逮捕他。
More than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to
assess.【2012广东阅读】尽管精确的数字很难被评估，但是已经有5亿多病情是由该疾病引起的。
短语：the exact opposite of sb/sth （与某人或某物）正好相反
The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.
【2015上海】你试图通过语言传递的信息也许与别人实际上理解的正好相反。
to be exact 确切的说
To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.【2016江
苏任务型读写】确切的说，其他人可以提升我们的智力并且帮助我们去了解并且调整我们的情感。
exactly [ɪgˈzæktli] adv. 确切地，精确地；恰好，正好（用于强调）；
I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it happened.【2014山东】
那时我不在城里面，所以我不知道它确切是如何发生的。
4Everything about the house was exactly how Jack remembered it, except for the box. He figured someone
from the Belser family had taken it.【2013江苏阅读】屋里所有东西的摆设恰好和杰克记忆里的一样，除
了那个盒子。
examine [ɪɡˈzæmɪn] vt检查
Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time
talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity.【2012上海阅读】Reed Larson和他的同事检查了
青少年的日常活动发现他们花更多的时间和朋友聊天相比参加其它活动。
Since I was not busy I would examine his wound.【2015全国一完形】因为我不忙所以我会检查他的伤口。
examine的名词形式：examination [ɪgˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn] 检查；考试（等于 exam）
Even limited feedback or examination becomes a major task if there are several thousand students in the class.
【2013湖南阅读】如果班上有几千个学生有限的反馈和检查会成为一个主要的任务。
We shouldn't take it for granted that we still have a lot of time before the Entrance Examination.【2014浙江阅
读】我们不能理所当然地认为在入学考试之前还有很多时间。exam [ɪgˈzæm] n. 检查；考试
Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam be at the age of six months old.【2013浙江阅读】
眼科医生建议孩子的第一次眼睛检查应该在6个月大的时候。
We are scheduled to attend the exam on June 7th and 8th. 【2014四川写作】按计划我们将于6月7号和8
号考试。
example [ɪɡˈzɑːmpl] n 榜样；例子
用法: set an example for/to为……树立榜样；
There certainly were times I wanted to quit, but I knew I should set an example for them.【2015天津阅读】
肯定有段时间我想退出，但是我知道我应该为他们树立一个榜样。
for example例如（等于for instance）
For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment.【2015上海
阅读】例如，儿童可能改变足球和篮球的规则以适应他们的需求和环境。
take sth for example/instance举……为例
Take the rain forests for example.【2012重庆阅读】以热带雨林为例。
excellent [ˈeksələnt] adj. 优秀的，极好的
Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.【2015重庆阅读】回到营地
你可以踢掉鞋子并且享受极好的食物和酒。
辨析：except; except for; except that; besides; in addition to; aside from; apart from
except [ɪkˈsept] 除了……（除去同类）
You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes.【2014重庆阅读】除了一双好的鞋子外你
不需要任何其它特殊装备。（equipment与shoe同类）
except for 除了……（除去不同类）
Your composition is quite good except for a few mistakes.【高考真句】除了一些错误外你的作文挺好的。
（composition与mistakes不同类）
besides 除了……（还）
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a poet.【2015四川阅读】March除了是一个知识渊博的研究者之外他还是一个诗人。
in addition to除了……（还）（与besides同意）
In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration.【2014浙江阅读】我们阅读除了获取
知识外，我们还为了乐趣和灵感。
aside from/apart from 除了（既有except for的意思，也有besides的意思）
exchange [ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ] n. 交换，调换；v. 交换
Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the
classroom.【2015北京阅读】因为我想学生彻底学习这些材料并且在课堂上彼此交换想法。
exchange A for B用A交换B
If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that
we offer.【2012北京阅读】如果该课程不能让你完全满意你可以调换其它我们提供的课程。
in exchange for 交换
And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin's chicken house in exchange for fertilizer.【2015四川阅读】
每周他都会清理Old Man McColgin的养鸡场以交换肥料。
excite [ɪkˈsaɪt] v. 使兴奋；引起，激起
To keep your brain young and plastic you can do a new activity that challenge and excite you.【2012四川阅
读】为了使大脑保持年轻和可塑性，你可以参加一个具有挑战性的和让你兴奋的活动。
Art museums offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest.【2012全国一阅读】艺术课程提供多种
多样的活动以激发孩子们的兴趣。
excite的形容词形式：excited 兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的
I realized, at that time when I was looking at her excited face, she’d probably never owned anything in her
whole life.【2014北京完形】在那时我看着她兴奋的笑脸，我意识到也许在她的生命中她从来都没有拥
有这样的奖吧
A young person attending the theatre can find it an exciting experience.【2014天津阅读】去剧院的年青人发
现这是一个令人兴奋的经历。
含有“激起，引起”之意的单词：inspire, arouseexcuse [ɪkˈskju:s] n. 理由；接口
I know lots of women who skip breakfast, and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it.【2014全国二
阅读】我知道很多女性都不吃早饭，并且对此有许多理由。
I can’t tolerate any more excuse.【2015广东阅读】我不能再忍受更多的借口了。
短语：excuse oneself 礼貌地告辞
We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.【2014江西阅读】我们未必需要礼貌
地告辞或者使他人扫兴。
exhibition [eksɪˈbɪʃən] n. 展览，展览会
I went to exhibitions often.【2024年6月北京卷】我经常去参观展览。
The exhibition tells us that we should do something to stop air pollution.【2015四川阅读】这个展览告知我
们需要做一些事情去阻止空气污染。
exhibition的动词形式：exhibit [ɪgˈzɪbɪt] v. 展览，展示
exist [ɪg'zɪst] vi 存在
Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons.【2012陕西】着装标准存在于商业世界
是有许多原因的。
exist的名词形式：existence[ɪɡˈzɪstəns] 存在；
The experiment has ruled out the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean
there is no life on other planets.【2015江苏】这项实验排除了其他地球上有生命存在的可能性，但那并不
意味着其它星球上没有生命。
exist的形容词形式：existing [ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ]现存的，正在使用的
Only if people of all the countries are united can we solve the existing problems in the world.【2015湖北完成
句子】只有全国的人民团结在一起我们才能解决世界现存的问题。
exit [ˈeksɪt] n. 出口 exit的反义词：entrance n. 入口
expand [ɪkˈspænd] v. 扩大The middle class is expanding.【2015广东阅读】中产阶级正在扩大。
expand的名词形式：expansion [ɪkˈspænʃn] 扩大
Clothes are now 70 percent cheaper than they were in the 1960s because of the huge expansion of production in
the Far East.【2015湖北阅读】由于远东生产的扩大现在的衣服比20世纪60年代的衣服便宜60%。
易混词：extend 延长；延伸；扩展
extend [ɪkˈstend] v. 拖延，延长；延伸；提供，表示
The college years are becoming an extended period of adolescence.【2016北京阅读】大学正在变成青少年
时期的延伸。
The inspector waved his arms to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother.【2015湖南阅读】检查者挥舞他
们的手臂向Glenn的妈妈表示问候。
South Australia began extending daylight saving by two weeks for the Adelaide Festival.【2012全国一阅读】
对于Adelaide Festival，南澳大利亚开始延长两周的白天时间。
extend的名词形式：extension [ɪkˈstenʃən] 拖延，延长；延伸；提供，表示
expect [ɪkˈspekt] vt期盼；预计；要求
1. ...these developments are expected to take place.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】...这些发展预计将会发生。
2. Your child may always seem to expect the worst to happen and lack confidence in his or her ability to deal with
any challenge.【2012湖北阅读】你的孩子似乎预料到最坏的事情会发生并且缺乏处理任何挑战的能力。
3. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards.【2013广东阅读】如果
你不能投入时间和精力你就不要期盼收到任何回报。
4. Be reasonable! You can’t expect me to finish all this work in so little time.【2012山东】讲点道理！你不能要
求我在这么短的时间内做完所有的工作。
expect的名词形式：expectation [ekspekˈteɪʃən] 期待；预计
However, that expectation changed when Sam showed signs of autism (自闭症) at the age of two. [完形]2015
重庆 然而那种期盼改变了，当萨姆在两岁时得了自闭症。
expense [ɪkˈspens] n. 费用，花费The university estimates that living expenses for international students are around $8,450 a year, which is a
burden for some of them.【2013湖南】大学估计国际学生的生活费大约8450美元一年，这对于一些人而
言是一个负担。
at the expense of sb/sth以损害某人或某物为代价
The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident
if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others.【2015天津阅读】如果学生与他人分享
密码Office of Residence Life会在任何时候损害居民的利益为代价改变门锁密码。
at sb’s expense由某人付费。
If the printer should break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.【2014天津】如果打
印机万一在一年内坏了，我们会付费维修。
expense的形容词形式：expensive [ɪkˈspensɪv] adj. 昂贵的
experience [ɪkˈspɪərɪəns] n. 经历(cn) 经验(un) v. 经历,体验
The experience turned out to be very dull. 【2015北京阅读】那个经历结果是非常无聊的。
If you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for.
【2015全国一阅读】如果你24或25岁并且有教学和培训经验，你就是哪个我们要找的人。
Many of the world’s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.【2015安徽阅读】 世界上的
许多农业行业经历着持续的水短缺。
experience的形容词形式：experienced
experienced [ɪkˈspɪəriənst] adj. 有经验的
It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less to contribute than more experienced ones.【2015浙
江阅读】很容易想到年轻成员没有有经验的成员贡献的多。
短语：be experienced in sth/doing = have experience in sth/ doing 在……方面有经验
If you are aged 24-45 and experienced in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for.
【2015全国一阅读】如果你24或25岁并且有教学和培训经验，你就是哪个我们要找的人。
experiment [ɪkˈsperɪmənt] n.v. 实验
This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normallyconsider buying.【2024.01浙江】这个无法抗拒的价格点鼓励了我尝试了几十个我通常不会考虑购买的
标题。
The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature.【2015辽宁阅读】
实验表明我们的生物钟受到光和温度的影响。
She finds herself torn between her sympathy for the animals being experimented on and her friendship with
Banting and Best.【2015福建阅读】一方面她对被用来做实验的动物感到同情，另一方面她要顾及与
Banting 和Best的友谊，因此她感到很痛苦。
expert [ˈekspɜːt] n. 专家 adj. 专家的；内行的
Doctor Herman Friedman, who is considered a leading expert on the subject, will speak at Grayson Hall next
Friday.【2015安徽阅读】被认为是这一方面专家的Herman Friedman将在下周五于Grayson Hall演讲。
You will be expected to provide expert knowledge about all areas of ALRL’S Health and Safety.【2015四川阅
读】你将被要求提供关于ALRL’S Health and Safety所有领域的专业知识。
短语：be an expert on/in/at 擅长……
Cathy Pareto is an expert in money planning.【2006四川阅读】Cathy Pareto是资金规划方面的专家。
explain [ɪksˈpleɪn] v 解释
用法：explain (sth) (to sb)向某人解释某事
How can I explain to my parents that I need some free time?【2013浙江阅
读】我怎么能向我的父母解释我需要一些自由的时间？
Usually popular science books explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way.【2014浙江阅
读】通常大众科学用简单有趣的方式解释自然地基本原则。
explain的名词形式：explanation [ekspləˈneɪʃən] 解释
explicit [ɪkˈsplɪsɪt] adj. 清楚的，直截了当的
They learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.【2015广东阅读】他们了解到他们所看到
的东西的直截了当的意思以及隐藏的意思。exploit [ɪkˈsplɔɪt] vt 利用；开发；剥削
Exploit your parking space.【2015四川阅读】利用你的停车空间
Forests are exploited for farmland.【2013江西阅读】森林被开发
用作农田。
Looking for missing and exploited children.【2013辽宁阅读】寻找失踪和被剥削的儿童。
exploit的名词形式：exploitation [ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn] n. 利用；开发；剥削
explore [ɪkˈsplɔː] v. 探索；玩；探讨；
When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very
detailed way.【2013江苏任务型读写】当有研究要做的时候，我们可以将话题分为几个部分这样就可以
详细探讨这一问题。
This adventure provides unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.【2015重庆阅读】这次历险
给了我一次在三角洲玩的机会。
Why should mankind explore space?【2015江西阅读】人类为什么要探索太空呢？
explore的名词形式：exploration [ˌekspləˈreɪʃn]探索，探讨 explorer [ɪkˈsplɔːrə] n. 探险者，勘探者
explode [ɪkˈspləʊd] v. 爆炸；快速增长
Many buildings exploded.【2012上海】许多建筑发生了爆炸。
The world’s urban population explodes.【2014湖北阅读】世界城市人口迅速增长。
explode的名词形式：explosion [ɪkˈspləʊʒn] 爆炸；快速增长
export [ɪkˈspɔːt] n. v.出口
What percentage of the world's tea exports go to Britain?【2016全国一】世界上出口到英国的茶占比多少？
export的反义词：import n. v. 进口
expose [ɪkˈspəʊz] 暴露；使暴露；揭露；接触，体验；Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to the language and culture.
【2014广西阅读】因为我是中国人，丈夫和我想孩子们接触中国的语言和文化。
Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.【2013上海阅读】如果年
轻人每天都暴露于吵闹的音乐中他们也许会冒有失聪的风险。
Most of the soil in Eastern Canada was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared
12,000 years ago.【2014江苏阅读】加拿大东部的土壤由风化的岩石形成，当冰块于12000年前消失的
时候风化的岩石暴露出来。
During the experiment, blood flow in the brains of the participants was measured in order to expose the
relationship between seeing and touching.【2006上海春】在实验期间，测量参与者的脑部血液流动是为
了揭露视觉和触觉的关系。
expose的名词形式：exposure [ɪkˈspəʊʒə] 暴露；揭露；接触
Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible
and adaptable to change. 【2024年1月九省联考】饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新人和新地方都
有助于使您的鸟儿更加灵活和适应变化。
They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase person’s chances of getting cancer.【2013天津
阅读】他们担心睡觉时暴露于灯光会增加人们得癌症的风险。
express [ɪkˈspres] v表达；表示
In conversation he expressed little joy and it seemed that his life was drawing to a close.【2012四川阅读】
对话中他没有表示出高兴，并且他的生命似乎即将结束。
Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.【2012北京阅读】
Jerry并不后悔给出这样的评论但是觉得他本可以用一种不同的方式来表达。
express的名词形式：expression
expression [ɪkˈspreʃn] n. 表达，表示；表情；短语
In American culture the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.【2012全国二阅读】在美国文化中，微
笑总体是在表达高兴。
The underlined expression “cutting edge” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to advanced technique. 【2013
广东阅读】第三段的下划线短语“cutting edge”意思与先进的技术相近。He was wearing a serious expression.【2012陕西写作】他脸上挂着严肃的表情。
extra [ˈekstrə] adj. 额外的
Unless extra money is founded, the theatre will close.【2014全国一】除非额外的钱被找到，否则剧院将关
门。
extraordinary [ɪkˈstrɔːdɪnərɪ] adj. 非凡的，出色的；异乎寻常的
When asked about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary.【2013天津阅读】当被问及关于
幸福的时候，我们通常会想到一些非凡的事情。
What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.【2013北京】使这本书异乎寻
常的是作者那创造性的想象力。
extreme [ɪkˈstriːm] adj. 极度的；极端的； n. 极端
What delighted the fans/made the fans delighted was that the young player performed extremely well in the
table tennis tournament.【2015湖南完成句子】令球迷欣喜的是那位年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得
极为出色。
Imagine the extreme embarrassment I suffered, standing before my classmates, making fool of myself. 【2014
湖北完形】相像一下我遭受的尴尬，站在同学面前愚弄我自己。
During his journey around the world, Phil White experienced the extremes of heat and cold.【2015 上海阅
读】在环游世界期间，Phil White经历了酷暑和严寒。
eye [aɪ] n. 眼睛
eyesight [ˈaɪsaɪt] n. 视力；视觉
eyewitness [ˈaɪwɪtnɪs] n. 目击证人高考核心词汇与练习---E（含答案）
1. eager a. 热切的；渴望的
(1) Some patients are __________________(太急于) tell you exactly how they feel.
(2) The manager is _____ that the project should be started as early as possible.
A. eager B. worried C. anxious D. longed
(3) He listened to the story with _____ attention.
A. eager B. eagerly C. eagerness D. more eagerly
2. ease v. 减轻；缓解 n. 容易；轻易
(1) He passed the exam _________ ease.
( 2) Peter felt ill ________ease with strangers.
( 3) Old people desire a life of _____, which does not fit young people of my age.
A. easy B. easily C. ease D. more easily
(4) It would _____ my mind to know that she was settled.
A. rob B. keep C. use D. ease
某人放心”。
3. employ v. 雇用
(1) He has been employed _______ writing a new book these days.这些日子他一直忙于写一本新书。
(2) There is a problem even for people in ______.
A. employment B. job C. employ D. profession
(3) The factory is the largest single ______ in the area.
A. employ B. employment C. employer D. employee
4. entertain v. 招待；款待；使有兴趣；使快乐
(1) I entertained my friends ________ dinner yesterday evening.昨晚我招待朋友吃晚饭。
(2) I found the talk both informative and _________(entertain).
( 3) My wife ______ them as honored guests.
A. entertained B. interested C. amused D. encouraged
(4) He often listens to the music in his spare time to ______ himself.
A. entertain B. encourage C. educate D. improve
5. equal n. 同等的人a. 相同的；同样的；平等的；能胜任的 v. 与……相等；等于
(1) They are equal _______ ability. = They are _______ equal ability.( 2) He is a player _________ equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。
(3) I don’t think he is equal ______ this kind of work, so I can’t hire him.
A. in doing B. doing C. to do D. to doing
(4) The winning in the 100-meter butterfly gives the American swimmer Michael Phelps the seventh gold
medal in Beijing, _____ the record set by American legend Mark Spitz at the 1972 Munich Games.
A. equaling B. equaled C. to equal D. being equaled
6. equip v. 配备；装备；使有所准备；使有能力
(1) We want our son to have an education that will equip him _______ later life.我们想让儿子接受能为其
日后生活打下基础的教育。
( 2) Your education will ______ you to earn a good living. Work hard from now on.
A. associate B. equip C. relate D. feed
(3) The explorers were told to ______ themselves with everything they would need for their voyage.
A. communicate B. feed C. equip D. associate
7. escape v. 逃跑；逃走；被忘掉；被忽视 n. 逃跑；漏出
(1) You are lucky to escape ________________(punish).
(2) In the great fire, he was lucky to escape ________.
A. to be killing B. killing C. killed D. being killed
3) Mike often attempts to escape ______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A. having been fined B. to have been fined C. to be fined D. being fined
8. exchange n. 交换；交流v. 交换；掉换
(1) He gave me an apple ______________(交换) a piece of cake.
( 2) I exchanged seats _________ Bill. 我和比尔换了座位。
( 3) Where can I exchange my dollars _______ pounds?我在哪里可以用美元兑换英镑？
( 4) He _____ his old car for a new model as soon as he won the money.
A. converted B. exchanged C. replaced D. transferred
(5) The battery I bought is the wrong size, and I wonder if the ship will _____ it.
A. compare B. connect C. exchange D. convey
9. expand v. 扩大；增加；扩展
(1) The __________(expand) of the factory will mean the employment of sixty extra workers.
(2) In order to prevent A (H1N1) flu ______ to other districts, the government has taken many
measures.
A. extending B. spreading C. expanding D. stretching(3) It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and ______ knowledge.
A. extensive B. expansive C. expensive D. intensive
10. exist v. 存在；实有
(1) exists (exist) a good way to solve the existing (exist) problem in geography.
( 2) This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence (exist).
( 2) existence
(3) People do not now believe in the ______ of ghosts.
A. birth B. evidence C. existence D. occurrence
(4) It is said that this old building has _____ for more than three hundred years.
A. existed B. appeared C. been built D. come into being
11. explain v. 解释；说明……的原因
(1) He left the room abruptly without ____________(explain).
(2) Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
(3) —I failed again.
—Why not explain ______ you have done your best?
A. him B. him that C. that D. to him
12. expose v. 暴露； 显露；使面临，使遭受
(1) As a nurse in the war she ____________(置身于) many dangers.
(2 )__________ (expose) to the sun，the flower will become dry soon.
(3) ______ the sun for too much time will do great harm to your skin.
A. Exposed to B. Being exposed to C. Exposing to D. To expose to
( 4) It is important to ______ children to more good books.
A. explode B. explore C. expand D. expose
(5)She smiled happily， a set of amazing white teeth to us.
A．exposing B．being exposed
C．exposed D．to expose
13. elect v. 选举；推选
(1) She became the first black woman ________________(elect) to the Senate.( 2) They have only recently won an _________ (elect) under his leadership.
(3) He was elected the next day _____ Vice President.
A. for B. to C. as D. on
( 4) Every nation should have a right to ______ their own government.
A. choose B. pick C. select D. elect
14. ensure v. 保证；担保
(1) Our new research strategy _____ that we get the best possible results.
A. improves B. ensures C. offers D. thinks
(2) The new measures can ensure us _______ danger.
A. for B. to C. toward D. against
15. effect n. 影响，作用；结果
( 1) The new law will come _________ effect next month.这项新法律下个月生效。
(2) The medicine was _______ no effect ________ the patient.这种药对病人无效。
(3) Usually what the teacher says will have a deep _____ on a child.
A. mark B. effect C. satisfaction D. expression
(4) How close parents are to their children _____ a great effect on the character of the children.
A. have B. to have C. having D. has
are to their children是句子的主语，缺少谓语动词，故用has。
16. energy n. 力气；劲；力量；精力
(1) Her mother, now an _______ (energy) 73, was also present.
(2) Mary _____ than John.
A. has more energy B. has energier
C. has more much energy D. has many more energy
( 3) He has _____ energy that he can do the work of three ordinary men.
A. such much B. so much C. many more D. more much
17. engage v. 雇用
(1) He is now engaged __________his second novel.他正埋头写他的第二部小说。
( 2) She got engaged ________Tom last year.她去年和汤姆订了婚。
(3) I phoned her last night but the number was _____.
A. engaged B. employed C. enforced D. ensured
(4) Her views are based on years of _______ with the problems of the inner city.
A. employment B. engagement C. supplement D. service18. examine v. 审查；调查；测验
(1) Your proposals are still __________________(在审查中).
(2) ______ closer examination it was found that the signature was not genuine.
A. In B. At C. On D. Through
(3) I had my eyes ______.
A. examining B. to examine C. examined D. having examined
19. experience n. 经验；实践；经历 v. 经历；经受
(1) _____________(据我的经验看), very few people really understand the problem.
( 2) Jumping out of ______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____ exciting experience.
A. /; / B. /; an C. an; an D. the; the
( 3) As we know, ______ is the best teacher.
A. experiment B. experience C. effort D. skill
20. envy v. 羡慕；忌妒 n. 羡慕；忌妒
( 1) He looked ____________ (羡慕地) at her latest purchase.
(2) How I _____ him the pleasure he had during the vacation!
A. envy B. admire C. appreciate D. enjoy
(3) My colleague bought a new house, which made his neighbors _____ him.
A. envy B. admire C. respect D. pride
21．end up(多指出乎意料地)最终处于，(以……)告终(in sth.)；最终(成为……)(as sth.)；最终(做……)
(doing)；以……结尾(with sth.)；结果为……
(1)He ended up ________ the top leader of the company.
(2) After a luxurious life，he ended up ________ poverty.
(3)The restaurants were all full and we ended up ________(eat) hamburgers at home.
(4)It is possible that one day we will disability，so we shouldn’t look down upon the disabled.
A．end up with B．put up with
C．come up with D．catch up with
(5)We insisted that the meaningless argument .
A．should bring to an end
B．was brought to an endC．might come to an end
D．come to an end
22．every/each time＋从句
(1) __________ I attempted to convince her，I failed completely. 每一次我试图说服她，但全然不起作用。
(2)I thought of her as a nice and honest girl _____________ I met her.第一次见到她我就认为她是个诚实的
好女孩。
(3) you tell someone about something that happened to you or something you did，you tell the
“story” of what happened.
A．By the time B．Every time
C．The moment D．The first time
(4)—Do you know Mary very well?
—Yes.We became good friends we met at a meeting.
A．by the time B．the first time
C．until D．as long as
23．every +数词+名词 每（隔）……
(1)The buses go ______________(每隔10分钟)．
(2) A：Take a pill every three hours.
B：Take a pill every ______ hour.
(3)The teacher asked his students to leave a space in their exercise book .
A．every a few lines B．each a few lines
C．every few lines D．each few lines
(4)The teacher asked the children to write line but Tom just wrote very carelessly lines.
A．other every；few every
B．other every；every a few
C．every other；every fewD．every other；every a few
24．except for除……之外(表细节上的修正)
(1)____________________ the cost，the dress doesn’t suit me either.
(2)The holidays I spent in Italy were very good ______________a few rainy days.
(3)Your composition is wellwritten some spelling mistakes.
A．besides B．except for
C．as well as D．in addition to
(4) such subjects，the department also taught mathematics and geography.
A．Except B．Except for
C．As well as D．In addition to
25. ever since与完成时
(1)John promised his doctor he would not smoke，and_____________. 约翰答应医生他不再吸烟了，从那
以后，他再也没有吸过烟。
(2) Ever since __________ (get) to know you，I can’t stop thinking about you.
(3) It ___________ (be) 3 years since I _________ (join) the army.
(3) is/has been ; joined
(4)As is reported，it is 100 years Qinghua University was founded.
A．when B．before
C．after D．since
(5)His sister left home in 1998，and ever since.
A．had not been heard of
B．has not been heard of
C．had not heard of
D．has not heard of
