读后续写中句法策略的运用
【要点释义】
读后续写中的衔接与连贯
【写作对连贯的要求】
高考英语作文的评分标准强调文章语言的“连贯性”和“复杂性”。高考英语作文最
高一档的给分范围和要求：“覆盖所有的内容要点；应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法
结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言
运用能力；能有效地使用语句问的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”。显然，考生要得高分，
除了文章要点全、语法正、表达准、结构整、逻辑顺、卷面洁外，考生还得掌握句型与词
语的运用及行文(过渡承启)技巧，以增强语言的表达力和文章的逻辑性，提高文章档次。
语篇结构的“连贯性”在语言表达中起着非常重要的作用。“连贯性”主要是就句子
之间的衔接和文章段落的过渡而言的。它要求段落中句与句之间、全文段落与段落之间的
组织与安排以一种明晰的、合乎逻辑的顺序进行，做到条理清楚、层次分明。这样的篇章
结构才能让评卷老师迅速而准确地捕捉文章信息。反之，叙述顺序混乱、前言不搭后语的
文章会因“缺乏可读性”而被判为较低的得分档次。因此，英语读后续写中，考生就必然
要关注促进语篇连贯的衔接方式的使用。
【读后续写常用语篇衔接手段】
1.照应
照应指用代词等语法手段来表示语义关系，即在语篇中某个名词或概念第二次或重复出
现时应使用恰当的代词或其他成分替代它。根据韩礼德和哈桑的观点，英语中的照应主要
分为3 类：人称照应、指示照应、比较照应。
（1）人称照应：人称照应是通过人称代词（如I、you、he、she、they、him、her、
them 等）、所属限定词（如 your、his、her、their等)和所属代词(如mine、his、hers、
theirs 等）来实现的。
（2）指示照应：用于指示照应的词也可以分为3 类：名词性指示词：this、that、
these、those；定冠词the；副词性指示词：her，their、now、then。
（3）比较照应： 比较照应指使用一些有比较意义的形容词或副词的比较级表达连贯
的语义（如same、as、so、equal、such、similarly、differently、other、otherwise、likewise
等表示的照应关系）。
2.替代和省略
（1）替代：替代是用其他词代替上文的提及的内容，这样可以避免重复，达到语言凝练，语句连贯的目的。替代有名词性替代（如 one、ones、some 等）、动词性替代（如
do、does、did、doing、done 等）和从句性替代（如so、not 等）。
（2）省略：省略的作用同替代相似，省略可以使上下语义联系紧密，强调作者要表达
的中心意思。省略大致分为3类：名词性省略、动词性省略、分句性省略。
3.连接词
连接词指表示能把两个或多个短句衔接起来的表达一定逻辑关系的词。韩礼德
（1976）把它们表示的关系分为4 大类：增补（如and、also、too、furthermore等）、转
折或对比（如but、yet、still、nevertheless、though、while、however等）、原因或结果
（如because、for、as、since等）和时间（如first、second、third等）。
4.词汇衔接
词汇衔接指通过词的重复、同义、反义、上下义、互补、整体与部分等关系来使语篇
语义连贯。
表1：高考英语读后续写中的衔接手段举例
试题 句子表达举例 衔接手段分析
2016/10，浙 By the time they reached the lake, Jane was so 照应：she/us
江 angry that she said to Tom. “I’m going to find a 连接词：
better spot for us to camp” and walked away. so...that.../and
2017/6，浙江 As Mac pedaled (骑行) along alone, he thought fondly 照应：he/them
of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped 词汇衔接：as/and
to show them this beautiful place someday.
2018/6，浙江 It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown 照应：it/us
rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon 连接词：and
sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a
beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the
ground just for us.
2020/1，浙江 The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living 照应：there
there.
2020，新高 “I wish you could see him,” she said to her own children, 照应：her/his
考I卷 John, Harry, and Clara. “He is such a help to his mother. 连接词：and/but
He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see
what he can do.”
2021/1，浙江 My excitement was short-lived...... I got into a 照应：my/I
panic as I pressed firmly against the table and 连接词：as/and/but
moved my head around trying to find the right
angle， but it was no use. "I can't get it out!" I
shouted， my voice sounding unnaturally loud in
the enclosed space.
2021年，新 But Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry 照应：he/his
高考I卷 of pain. Jenna made him put his hand in cold water. Then 连接词：and/but/
she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear! The piece of then/as well
bread in the pan had turned black as well.
【实现读后续写语篇衔接与连贯策略】
一、整体审视语篇，确定话题主题文章语篇的连贯是以内容的合理布局为前提的。因此，要想写出一篇高分作文，审
题是关键的一步，
一般坚持以下几个步骤：
（1）审读情景材料：即对试题所提供的“情景” (包括目的、对象、时间、地点、
内容等)及其“形式” (一般为图画、图表、提纲等)予以全面的了解，同时不可忽视最后
提供的“注意”。
（2）提取主题思想：在审题的同时，要注意从所给材料中提炼出一个主题，即作文的
中心。它是全文成败的关键所在，因
为“评分说明”明确指出： “对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分”。一般来讲，文章的中
心不超出高中生学习和日常生活中的所见所闻。
（3）进行信息取舍：确定主题之后，就要依据所需文体(多为应用文、记叙文或说明
文)，围绕中心对所获取的信息进行筛选，以突出重点。
（4）列举表述要点：这是评分标准规定的最主要标准，即是否“覆盖了所有内容要
点”。动笔写作之前，最好在草稿纸上列出要点，以免因时间紧等原因而遗漏。
（5）确定主题句：段落通常由一个表示段落中心思想的主题句和一些用来说明、描写、
论证该主题的发展句构成。段落的主题句非常重要，对段落的各句起到提纲挈领的作用。
一般情况下，主题旬的位置都在段落的开头，清楚明了地告诉读者该段落将要陈述的内容。
为了便于展开下文，主题句一般要具备以下两个特点：
①内容要明确具体，具有特定性和单一性，切忌笼统。比较：
a. Learning English is important.
Learning English is important for middle school students.
b. Tom is a good student．
Tom is a hard-working student.
上述例句中的第二句要比第一句具体、明确得多。
②语言要简洁，开门见山。如下面是题为“Honesty(谈诚实)”一文中的开头：
Honesty is one of the best virtues. An honest man is always trusted and respected. On the
contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a “liar”, and is looked down upon by honest people.
二、拓展主题语句，注意语篇连贯
主题句仅仅是提出基本观点，而要使评卷老师理解你的观点，就必须展开主题，就
要考虑如何组织安排语句，也就是说，文章词与词、句与句之间必须衔接密切，具有连贯性。因此，文章语句和段落就要进行适当排序，并要根据所表达的具体内容选择适当的连
接方式，常用的方法有以下几种：
（1）巧用过渡词语，理顺句子逻辑关系。为了使文章在整体上结构严密，浑然一体，增强
文章的说服力和感染力，保证段落或文章的连贯，考生应该在句子与句子之间，甚至段落
与段落之间，恰当地使用一些过渡性词语，使文意表达清晰、流畅。过渡连接词按语义划
分为以下最常见的几种类型：(见下表)
表2：过渡衔接词举例
逻辑关系 常见过渡词语
表示添加信 and, also, too, besides, moreover, as well as, either…or, neither…nor…,
息 furthermore, in addition, what is more, not only…but also, worse still
表示转折关 but, yet, however, although, on the other hand, otherwise, while, rather, still,
系 nevertheless，in spite of, on the contrary, whereas, in contrast
表示递进关 besides, again, moreover, worse still, above all, certainly, furthermore, what’s more,
系 in addition, important of all, to make matter worse
表示因果关 so, for, therefore, as a result, because, owing to, due to, thanks to, therefore, since,
系 thus, hence, on account of, consequently, as a consequence, it follows that…
表示条件关 as(so)long as, if, unless, on condition that
系
表示解释、 actually, in fact, such as, for example／instance, and so on, according to, after all,
说明关系 even, indeed, it is time, of course, specifically, truly, namely, that is, that is to say,
in other words, to tell you the truth, an illustration of, to be specific, to illustrate
表示强调 Indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, truly, especially, no doubt, without any doubt,
obviously, above all, It is…that…
表示时间顺 now, after, after that, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally,
序关系 soon, suddenly, before, when, while, as, during, first…second…, then, in the end,
afterwards, after a while, immediately, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as,
from now on, from then on, meanwhile, not…until, eventually
表示空间顺 on the right／left, in the middle／center of／back／front of, here, there, next to, on
序关系 one side of…on the other side of, on the foot／top／end
表示结论 as you know, as far as I know, on the whole, in one’s opinion, in short, in brief, in a
word, in general
例如：
The room was disgusting. By the far window was a trash can piled high with crumpled
papers. In the middle of the room was a round size bed with rotting fruits. The path between thebed and the doorway, where 1 was standing, was full of dirty clothes and old newspapers. (通过选
择参照物，然后巧妙运用表示空间顺序的连接词，给读者一个清楚的空间观念。用准确的
方位词说明空间的具体位置，就仿佛给了阅卷老师一幅空间布置图或导游图。)
（2）使用平行结构，增强语感节奏和顺畅度。平行结构的使用是一种修辞手法，
其中既有词汇的重复，又有纯粹的语法结构的重复。重复使用相同的结构，不仅能使句子
或段落节奏匀称，还可以起到强调或承上启下的作用，从而引起评卷老师的注意。
词的重复是常用的连接手法，它可强调你所要表达的意思，也必然让人把眼前的
句子与前面的句子联
系起来，如同用一根线将整个段落贯穿成一个整体，从而增强句子的语感节奏，使句与句
之间的衔接更加
紧密、顺畅。例如：
a.I love life; I love nature; and I love peace.
b. I am a boy of 17 and I am studying at high school now. I am good at English and I can
talk with foreign tourists in English freely.
上述例子使用的是词汇的重复，下面的段落则通过使用相同的语法结构保证了文章
的连贯与流畅。
a.If I have the honor to be chosen as a volunteer, besides the above, I will work hard and
creatively, but never be lazy. I will follow the law and discipline, but never break them. I will
take the opportunity to make fiends with the athletes and visitors, and help them make the 2008
Olympic Games a great success.
b. My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Don’t argue
with parents; they will think you don’t love them. Don’t argue with children; they will think
themselves victimized. Don’t argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate.
Don’t argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mother’s rules, in fact, can
be summed up in two words. Don’t argue.
(3)灵活运用代词，避免成分冗余。除了过渡性词语外，省略、替代和所指等技巧同样可
以连句成段，避免罗嗦和重复，以保持段落的连贯性。名词或代词是很重要的关系指引词，
它们不仅能指明句子内部某些词之问的关系，而且能沟通和建立句子和句子之间意义上的
联系，从而使段落中前后句子的意义逻辑地、有条理地联系起来，起到承上启下的作用。
例如：a.However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of
those who pre-reading articles about learning methods. (句中使用代词that代替the number,
those代替students, 既避免了重复和单调，又显得简洁明了，过渡自然。)
b.While surfing the Internet, I happened to see your notice from which I knew you were eager
to have a Chinese friend. (句中关系代词which引导的非限制性定语使得主从句意义连贯。)
试比较：While surfing the Internet, I happened to see your notice. From the notice I knew you
were eager to have a Chinese friend.
(4)巧用同义反义词，文章连贯中见文采。同义词与反义词用得好，可以避免出现单词重
复，避免文章内容单调。文章在连贯的同时还能适当增加文采，给人耳目一新的感觉。例
如：
I like music, especially classical music. I am also interested in photography because it allows
me to record the beautiful moments in my life. In fact, I like meeting people and enjoy talking
with them. Believing we all need help from each other, I appreciate friend’s help and I am
willing to help anyone in need.
（5）巧用分词短语或独立结构。简化句子结构可以增强表达效果。巧妙利用分词
短语或独立主格结构能使句子化繁为简，把复合句变为简单句；恰当使用独立成分可以使
句子的表达形式丰富多样，从而起到增强语言表达效果的作用。它们各有特点：分词要坚
持逻辑主语一致原则，而独立主格结构要坚持主语不一致原则；独立成分为约定成俗的固
定形式，不受逻辑主语限制。如：Judging from…, Frankly speaking (To be frank)等。试看下
列句子：
(1)Compared with other teachers, Mr. Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching. (分词
短语)
(2)Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. =If weather permits we are going
to visit you tomorrow. (独立主格结构)
试比较以下两个例句：
(原句)The driver escaped; he left the old man lying on the road.
(修正句)The driver escaped, leaving the old man lying on the road. (分词短语)
（6）使用同位语。避免重复，明晰句意。同位语的应用不仅能避免重复，还可以
使文章表述自然、流畅，起到很好的连接作用。例如：Also we can both write and talk to each 0theT on the Skype, a program that can carry sounds
as well as words.
I am Wangshan, a girl of sixteen, presently attending Beijing Yangguang Middle school.
（7）使用过渡句，自然衔接句子和段落。过渡句在句子与句子、段落与段落之间
起到承上启下的作用，使句子或段落之间的衔接自然、连贯，逻辑合理，结构严谨，故极
为重要。例如：
The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the
holiday…Some are in favor of staying at home…
However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and
broaden their horizons. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.
三、文末阐释结论，确保首尾呼应
文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义
表达得更加深刻，
也使文章首尾呼应，结构完整，连贯自然。用于结论段的常用语有：from this point of
view(从这个观点来看) /in a word(总而言之)/in conclusion(综上所述) /Thus, it can be
concluded that…(因此，我们可以得知...)
等。例如：
In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.
Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for
others.
综上所述，语言的连贯性主要体现在句与句、段与段之间。句与句之间要前后呼应，
形成句句相连，环环相扣，读起来一气呵成；同样，段与段之间也要过渡自然，不可各自
独立使文章失去整体性。语言连贯性是评价一篇文章优劣的标准之一。缺乏连贯性，叙述
顺序混乱，前言不搭后语的文章会因“缺乏可读性“而被判为较低的得分档次。只有有效
地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，语篇连贯性强的文章才能得到高分档次。
读后续写中的句子的扩展与压缩
【句子扩与缩在写作中的重要性】
2012 年王初明提出读后续写法，通过“读”输入故事的 情节主线 ，细节信息及文体
特点 ，再通过“续写”，结合输入内容和自身理解 ，在保持与原文一致的情况下半开放
式的设 计新的情节 ，产生协同效应 。根据协同效应的原理，文秋芳进一步提出，输入促进输出，把输入与输出之间有机联系在一起，提高学习者的输入效能，并将输入中获得的
信息吸收内化，最终提高输出的质量。在这些读后续写设计理念的背后，传达出对续写部
分的关键要求， 即一定要考生在输入阶段准确地把握住原文的文体风格和基本情节走向之
后 ，在保持整体一致的前提下续写原文。正如王初明所提倡的，要通过模仿不断获取新的
语言知识，将内容创造与语言模仿有机结合，强力打造语言表达能力，才能做到以读促写
协同提升语言能力。
根据高考命题要求，读后续写阅读部分为 350词左右的记叙文，话题贴近考生生活，
具有一定的趣味性，常以人物的经历或事件的发展变化为主，以叙述和描写为主要表达方
式 。这就要求，在考生续写的 150 词左右的内容中既要合理地叙述故事情节，又要对故
事中主要人物的心理活动，动作表情及外部环境等方面进行生动地描述。而后者恰恰是考
生经常忽略或者做得不够的地方。有部分考生写作的内容基本上是叙述情节，缺乏甚至没
有任何描写，或者有简单的描写但是语言使用不正确。造成这一情况背后的原因除了考生
语言基础之外还有考生对这一文体内容模仿写作经验过少，阅读量不够等。而在写作与模
仿实践中，对句子扩展或压缩就非常重要。
【读后续写中的句子扩展】
在读后续写中， 有的同学写的短句过多， 内容不具体，缺乏生动性，导致词数不够。
我们可以在简短句的基础上恰 当添加定语、状语等修饰成分或增加并列结构等， 扩展句
子， 丰富内容, 使表达更具体 、更形象 。
（一）利用同位语扩充句子
同位语主要使用名词短语和同位语从句 。
例如： (2016年10月浙江卷)
She saw her husband. 她看到了她的丈夫 。
There, she saw her husband, a man staring at her, wearing an expression of relief. 在
那里， 她看到了她的丈夫， 一 个正盯着 她看的男人， 带着宽慰的表情 。
【分析】在句首添加了 地点状语 There，在 husband 后面增加了同位语 a man
staring at her，其后还有一个分词短语 wearing an expression of relief 做状语， 补充说
明丈夫看着她时 流露出来的表情。这种形象具体的描写，增加了画面感，也提升了整个句
子的层次 。
（二）利用状语扩充句子
添加的状语，可以是副词、非谓语动词、介词短语和状语从句等 。
例如： (2016 年 10 月浙江卷)Jane walked on. 简继续走 。
Jane walked on for quite a long time. 简继续走了很长时间 。
With no path to follow, Jane walked on for quite a long time. 因为无路可循， 简继
续走了很长时间 。
【分析】添加 for quite a long time 和 with no path to follow 两个做状语的介词短
语后， 句子表达更为生动具体了 。
（三）利用定语扩充句子
定语扩句的主要方式是使用形容词、非谓语动词、介词短语和定语从句等 。
例如：
His mother works in a big company. 他母亲在一家大公司工作 。
His loving mother, who used to be an excellent English teacher in a middle school,
now works in a big company. 他的慈母，曾经是一名优秀的中学英语老师， 现在在一家
大公司工作。
【分析】我们在主语 mother 前添加了形容词loving，更形象地说明了his mother的特征；
在 mother 后面添加了 who used to be an excellent English teacher in a middle
school，内容 更丰富，让读者更加了解母亲 。
（四）递进式扩充句子
对先后发生的两个或多个连贯动作，可以采用递进式 。主要方式有 (1) 用 and 连接；
(2) 用 after that, additionally, furthermore, what’s more, to make things worse 等 。
例如：
Mac then jumped off the bicycle. 然后麦克从自行车上跳了下来 。
Mac then jumped off the bicycle and he was ready to fight against the wolf. 麦克从自
行车上跳下来，准备跟狼搏斗 。
【分析】 “ 跳下自行车”与“准备搏斗”两个连贯动作，让 Mac 准备跟狼搏斗的形
象跃然纸上。
（五）转折式扩充句子
表示转折的有 but, however 等。
例如：
Jane kept moving. 简继续往前走 。
Jane kept moving, but the farther she walked, the more confused she became. 简继续往
前走， 但她走得越远， 就越感到困惑 。【分析】添加后面的转折分句后，暗示着“她可能迷路了”。
（六）因果式扩充句子
除了引导原因状语从句和结果状语从句的连词后，还 有 due to, owing to, on
account of, because of, as a result of 等 表 示 原因，therefore, as a result 等表示结果 。
例如：
He has broken his leg. 他摔坏了腿 。
He has broken his leg and therefore he can’t walk.他摔坏了腿，因此不能走路了 。
【读后续写中的句子压缩】
虽然读后续写的语料不同，但在续写的写作中，根据需要进行语段压缩的方法是可以
通用的。常用的压缩语段的方法有如下几种：
1. 摘取法。找出语段材料的主旨句，直接摘取关键成分作为答案。或者将分散在各句
中的重要信息找出来，摘取关键词语，再将其进行连缀。
2. 概括法。没有中心句，也没有明显关键词的阅读材料，如果要压缩出主要内容，则
可以采用概括法，分别用一两个恰当的词语去概括文句的意思，再组合答案。
3. 整合法。如果语段材料没有中心句，其体现材料主旨的关键词语可能分散在几个句
子中，这就需要考生将分散在各处的关键词语找出来，将包含重要信息的句子加以综合概
括，然后将找出的关键词与概括出来的内容加以整合，形成符合题干要求的短句。
4. 替换法。阅读材料中有能够体现语段主旨的中心句，且中心句中有关键的词语，这
时候就可以运用此法将指示代词替换成语意明确的词语。
5. 补充法。阅读材料中有能够体现语段主旨的中心句，但将其压缩成主干后，还需要
在中心词前面补充出修饰、限制性的定语，才能让句意完整明确，这时候就可以运用补充
法为主干中心词补出修饰、限定性的词语。
虚拟语气与读后续写
【虚拟语气在写作中的作用】
人类具有现实思维和虚拟思维的认知能力，这些认知能力通过语言表达式反映出来，
而时和体是反映思维的语言形式之一。换言之，时和体的多义性是表达现实思维和虚拟思
维的需要，而思维在现实和虚拟之间的转换又是凸显不同主观性的需要。例如，叙事作品
中用现在时描述假想的、虚幻的事件，思维发生在想象的空间，与思维时间发生分离，动
词失去时态功能，即任何读者在任意时间阅读，阅读时间和作品中的事件时间没有任何关
系。这里现在时的虚拟性优势在于，可以使任何读者在任意时间阅读时都可以产生“身临
其境”的效果。虚拟语气是英语中常用的表达方式，以其表达的委婉性和语用功能的丰富性在交际活
动中发挥了非常重要的作用。恰当地使用它，可以起到较好的修辞效果。无论语法著作还
是英语教学都应将其语用功能放在重要的位置，英语学习者在学习时也必须重视其语用功
能的学习和掌握。现代社会人们追求自我，越来越重视个人隐私和权利，也会尊重别人的
隐私和权利。虚拟语气是通过语法手段来表达出对别人的尊敬或尽量使自己的语气委婉、
客气的效果。人们使用虚拟语气，多数情况是因为表达者的语用目的，而不是简单表达一
个相反的事实。说话者一般都是借助这个“虚拟情况”委婉表达一个言外之意，达到一个
特定的交流目的，在很大程度上避免出现尴尬处境。例如：
If I had enough money, I would help you. (如果我有足够的钱，我就会帮助你。)
这句话的真正含义是 I will not help you. 通过使用 If 条件句，help的行为便成了一种
假设的虚拟行为。听话者从该条件可以自己推断出这样的结论：我可能不帮你。说话者采
取的这种积极态度，尽管隐含了一种拒绝帮助的意义，但听话者在心理上更容易接受。由
此我们可以看出，虚拟语气能够表达其他任何语气所无法取代的丰富的感情色彩。在英语
教学中，教师不能只给学生讲解和罗列哪些句型需要使用虚拟语气，而应该结合不同的语
法表达形式分析其语用特点。特别是在阅读与写作中，英语学习者在学习过程中除了要很
好地理解和掌握他的语法形式以外，更要了解它丰富灵活的语用功能。只有这样，才能体
会虚拟语气所隐含的感情，也才能使用虚拟语气表达自己丰富多彩的内心世界。
虚拟语气的形式多种多样，在写作特别是读后续写所提供的语境中，虚拟语气能够表
达其他任何语气所无法取代的丰富的感情色彩，学生可以根据人物不同的心理需求，在不
同的语境中恰当地运用虚拟语气可以更好地表达出不同的感情色彩，发挥其缩小心理文化
差异的语用功能。心理文化差异的大小直接决定交流双方对语言的理解意愿和交流方式，
学习虚拟语气不仅要掌握其基本的语法形式，还要理解其强大的语用功能。因此，在读后
续写学习中，学生要注意分析、体会虚拟语气所隐含的情感内容，才能巧妙地运用虚拟语
气表达故事中人物丰富多彩的内心世界，从而能够较好地缩小交际双方的心理文化差异，
推动作者、语篇与学生等互动交际活动得以有效开展。
【虚拟语气在读后续写中的运用】
在读后续写的心理描写中，恰当运用虚拟语气，可以委婉地表达主人公的某种情感，
使人物形象更生动，增强文章 的可读性 。
（一）“if sb..., sb... ”表达纠结的心情
例如：2021 河北张家口第一次质检题If I shouldn’t go back on time, the king would kill my friend. If I hadn’t fallen
from the horse and got hurt, I would have got to the destination on time. 要是我不准时
回去，国王会杀了我的朋 友 。如果我没有从马上摔下来并受了伤，我也早就按时到达 目
的地了 。
【分析】主人公向国王承诺准时回去，若违背诺言，国 王 会杀死主人公的朋友 。但
因为主人公从马上摔下来，受伤了，这一路就耽搁了时间。这时就需要虚拟语气来做出非
真实的 假设了，表达了主人公矛盾的情感纠结。以上两个虚拟条件句，前者表示与将来情
况相反的假设，后者表示与过去情况相反的假设 。
（二）“ Without/But for...”表示感激之情
例如：2021 广州七校联考题
Without /But for mom’s encouragement, I wouldn’t have be- come a successful narrator in
the competition. 如果没有妈妈的鼓励，在比赛中我不可能成为一个成功的讲解员 。
【分析】经过学校的故事大赛，我意识到什么角色都有其优点和重要性。后来，我一直
继续做好讲解员的角色，层层突破，在地区小有名气。这时用虚拟语气来表达对妈妈的感
激之情 。
（三）“ If only...”表示强列的愿望
例如：2021 届浙江慈溪中学模拟题
If only I had been the 3rd runner who had got to the finish line.要是我是第3位到
达终点线的跑步者该多好啊！
【分析】我摔倒后继续往前跑，到达终点线，发现自己与第三名擦肩而过，不能获得我
心仪的奖品。这时用虚拟语气 来表达与过去事实相反的情况，强调愿望 。
（四）固定句型表示后悔或遗憾
1. 可用 How sb wished that ... had (not) done sth
例如：2021 山东泰安期中试题
How Timmy wished that he hadn’t been so rude to his coach. Timmy 多么希望之前没有那么
粗鲁的对待教练啊！
【分析】Timmy 一直是球队的主力，不愿把球传给别人。 他不仅不听教练的劝导，而
且由于态度恶劣， 被取消参加区里比赛的资格。他同妈妈交流后，意识到以前自己的错误
这时就需要虚拟语气来表达他后悔的情感 。
2. 可用 sb.+谓语, wishing that...
例如：2021 广州七校联考题I was rooted on the ground due to being frightened, wishing that I had refused my
mother’s advice yesterday. 我由于恐惧愣在那里，真希望我昨天拒绝妈妈的建议 。
【分析】我一直不接受 自 己做故事的讲解员这个角色，但在妈妈的劝导下，我还是参
加了学校的故事大赛。中途出现了情感的纠结，后悔参加了比赛。这时需要用虚拟语气来
表 达后悔。
（五）“as if...”表达形象生动
例如： 2020 年浙江模拟题
The glasses dropped into the river, as if the water had swallowed them. 眼镜掉到河
里，好像水已经吞噬了它 。
【分析】主人公兄弟俩跟爸爸在深林里的一条河边走着，突然爸爸摔了一跤，眼镜掉到
河里，兄弟俩赶紧去找， 但由于河水汹涌，找不到 。这时就需要用虚拟语气来描述河中
水流的凶猛 。此句型也是比喻的写作手法 。
【提升练习】
1．（2024·山东日照·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，
使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The Champion of No Score
Maggie hated Tuesdays—Tuesdays meant gym class, gym class meant picking teams and
picking teams meant Maggie would be picked last.
As a newcomer, she’d come up with a special title for each classmate to remember the other
kids. There was Kevin, Champion of the Clean Desk. Lynnie, Champion of Knowing the Answer
First… Thinking hard, she finally decided her own title: Champion of Quiet.
Maggie felt blue as Tuesday fell again. Mr. Murphy, the gym teacher, asked for volunteer
captains to pick their own basketball teams. The usual hands shot into the air. Maggie sighed and
glanced to her right. She caught the eye of Jasmine. Champion of Awkward, a girl who was
sometimes picked last, too. Then Maggie had an idea. So when Mr. Murphy asked if anyone else
wanted to volunteer, Maggie felt her hand slowly rise. Looking again at Jasmine, she took a big
breath. Maybe it was time for her to use her voice.
“Maggie?” Mr. Murphy smiled. “You want a turn?”
“Yes,” she said.
The class whispered. Maggie leading a team?
“Yes,” she answered again, louder this time.Mr. Murphy waved Maggie to the front, where the other three captains—Champion of
Jumping Rope, Champion of Never Misses a Shot, and Champion of Doesn’t Know How to Lose
—stood, ready to choose their teams.
“Maggie, you get first pick,” said Mr. Murphy. “Jasmine,” announced Maggie. The class
snickered. A joke? More than once, Jasmine had tried to score on the wrong basket. Eyes wide,
Jasmine took her place beside Maggie. The other three captains called out familiar names—the
best players on the basketball court. It was Maggie’s turn again. “I choose Frank.” Frank
(Champion of the Untied Shoelace) could not throw, or catch. He knew what it felt like to be the
last pick. But not today.
Three very talented teams took shape. And then there was Maggie’s team. Maggie looked at
her teammates. There stood Jasmine and Frank, plus Gillian (Champion of Chatter) and George
(Champion of Sleepy). “I have chosen the worst team in the history of the world,” Maggie thought
to herself.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Hand in hand, the Maggie team walked onto the court.
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They did lose big, but something positive began to unfold in them.
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2．（2024·福建莆田·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之
构成一篇完整的短文。
A powerful storm erupted in North Carolina, causing many roads to be severely damaged
and some houses to collapse. In the aftermath of the terrible storm, an animal protection society
discovered a surprise at their booster that both broke and warmed their hearts.
The surprise was that a group of baby dogs were left with a sad note, revealing a tale of
sympathy in the hardship. The note, written by a homeless man, explained that the heartbreaking
circumstances led him to adopt the baby dogs. He regularly fed their mother dog, but he
discovered that she had unfortunately been hit by a car. Despite his own homelessness, he had
provided the baby dogs with a chance to have a better life. However, the storm destroyed his
temporary residence, and he had to leave them at the animal protection society’s doorstep with a
heartfelt request for help.
The note read, “Please help! I was sad to find a local homeless dog that I used to feed when
I could, dead by the road. What made me sadder was that her babies were left homeless. I’m sorry
for leaving them like this, but I am also homeless and cannot afford to look after them. My heart
breaks for them and their mother. I just want them to be taken good care of. I know that it’s wrong
to abandon them. But please don’t think poorly of me. I really don t have any other choice.
Sincerely, a homeless man, George.”
David, who was in charge of the animal protection society, posted the story, on the social
media pages, expressing gratitude to the homeless man and admiration for his selfless act. David
assured nim that his kindness, had not gone unnoticed and promised to honor his gesture by
offering the baby dogs the love and care they would deserve. David also gave an invitation to him
which read, “If you would like, please come to the animal protection society to see how the baby
dogs will live, and I think that they will be glad to see you again!”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A few days later, George, the homeless man, walked into the animal protection society._______________________________________________________________________________
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Then George and David started looking for new homes for the baby dogs.
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3．（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之
构成一篇完整的短文。
Life is a series of unpredictable events. One man, who suffered a severe injury while on the
job, underwent a life-changing and first-of-its-kind medical procedure, and the trials and hardships
have changed his entire outlook. James, a 46-year-old Arkansas native, was familiar with what it
was like to go through such situations and turn into a changed man, both on the inside and the
outside.
It was one day in June when James had his entire life changed forever. While on the job,
James was attempting to transfer wires to a new electrical pole. However, James’s face touched a
live wire, sending more than 7,000 volts of electricity into his body.
The injuries from the incident were deadly. Half of his face was blown off. He was left
without his left eye and his nose. Additionally, doctors had to remove part of his arm and several
of his teeth. That period was an extremely difficult time for James and his family.
The injury had left him unable to eat solid food. The only way for him to consume food was
to sip (吸) soup from a straw. He ended up losing more than 70 pounds.
James, a husband and a father of one kid, often questioned the entire situation. “I got pretty
down and went through the whole ‘Why me?’ I broke down, and I cried,” James said.But then James and his family received a little hope. They learned about the possibility of a
face and eye transplant (移植). James met with the professional doctors. They did a thorough
examination about James’s situation and considered about the potential risks. Fortunately, James
was judged to be a perfect patient for the transplant.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
So the surgery was ready.
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Days later, he was allowed to look into the mirror．
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4．（2024·湖南长沙·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之
构成一篇完整的短文。
My husband Kenny and I grew up playing sports. We both worked in the field of physical
education and coach youth high school track and field. So, Kenny and I weren’t surprised when
our daughter, Becky, showed early athletic promise.
Watching her outrun other kids on the playground, I knew she was destined for winning
medals on the track. Slowly but surely, track took over our lives. Weekends were devoted to
training. We stopped taking vacations so the girl wouldn’t miss any practices. We missed her
birthdays and family outings. I even restricted the time she could spend hanging out with herfriends, which would consume the energy she needed for competition:
We didn’t really ask Becky if that was what she wanted. Of course she did! Who wouldn’t
want to use a God-given talent to the fullest? Occasionally, Becky would open up after a loss, “I
wish you were the same even if I have a bad day on the track. I feel like you don’t accept me just
for who I am.”
Honestly, that hurt. In my heart, I knew what she said was true. I could behave more like a
coach than a Mom on the sideline. But I didn’t mind. Ensuring her on the track of winning was my
only goal. I probably cared more about the medals than she did. By the time Becky started middle
school, our family life had revolved around (以……为中心) practices and competitions. I had
visions of college scholarships, maybe even the Olympics.
One day, at a regional Junior Olympics qualifying event, she twisted her leg and ended up
in a heavy fall, screaming in pain. This was not supposed to happen. Kenny and I pushed her too
hard the day before and she attempted to break the record which was clearly beyond her reach.
We rushed her to the hospital right away. Never did I imagine sitting in a doctor’s office,
staring at the X-ray result as the doctor calmly explained that Becky’s posterior cruciate ligament
(后十字韧带) — the thick tissue stabilizing the back of her knee—was torn.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Her professional career as an athlete was over,” the doctor broke the news to me.
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Following the hard-fought recovery, I watched her running with a new attitude.
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5．（2024·广东·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成
一篇完整的短文。
In the town of Willowbrook, young Sarah was in a state of great excitement. Her school
was putting on its annual play, and she had been offered a principal role. The school hall had been
abuzz for weeks with rehearsals, prop (道具) preparations, and the students practicing their lines.
Sarah had spent countless hours rehearsing, wanting to get every word and movement absolutely
right.
However, underlying her anticipation was a growing sadness. Sarah’s dad, Mr Thompson,
worked as an engineer in a big city, and his job often kept him away from home for a long time,
which meant he frequently missed out on most of the special moments in Sarah’s life. This play
seemed to be another addition to that growing list. He had a vital business meeting on the same
day, and Sarah, although understanding, couldn’t help feeling disappointed. Her classmates talked
excitedly about their families coming to watch, increasing her sense of loss.
It was bright and sunny on the day of the play. The school’s hall was noisy with students.
Students in costumes rushed about, teachers gave last-minute instructions, and the air was thick
with anticipation. Sarah peeped out from behind the curtains and saw the hall filling up with eager
parents, siblings, and friends. Every seat was taken, except one — her dad’s.
The play started on time with Sarah and her classmates’ performance being the first. The
actors delivered their lines with passion and the audience responded with laughter and applause at
all the right moments. Sarah played her part with a mix of excitement and longing, wishing her
dad could see her shine.
Halfway through, the host called for a surprise guest to enter. He described him as a
“mysterious stranger” whose brief appearance would provide a turning point in the plot. As the
lights dimmed slightly and suspenseful music played, a tall figure stepped onto the stage.注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Sarah’s heart jumped faster.
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When the final scene concluded and the curtains drew to a close, applause thundered
through the hall.
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6．（2024·重庆九龙坡·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使
之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day my mom and I read a story on a magazine called Humane Society News. A wild
dog named Solo died for lack of medical care after he was ill. I knew how sad the story was
because my own dog, Kela, had recently died. My world had ended when I lost Kela. She had
been my best friend since I could remember. The article continued to tell about wildlife
rehabilitators. They nursed the sick animals back to health, but as more and more animals were
rescued, the medical expense became a big burden for them. I immediately determined to do
something for them. I may be a kid, but why can’t I do a fund-raiser to help save more dogs?
My mom thought it was hard for an eleven-year-old girl to raise, but she told me to go
ahead and try it anyway. I realized that I needed a name for the fund-raiser and thought since I was
trying to protect dogs’ life, I would call my program Help Dogs. I decided that pet stores would bereally good places to go with donation boxes and Help Dogs flyers (传单). I used little green
Chinese take-out boxes, decorated with a picture of Tiko, one of the dogs I chose to help, and me.
I wrote on each box “Help protect the life of dogs by donating a dollar”. I thought my actions
might not raise much money for the dogs, but they can at least increase people’s awareness of wild
animals protection.
One afternoon, after all the boxes had been distributed throughout our community, I got a
call from a local newspaper reporter who had seen one of my flyers. The reporter decided to do an
article about Help Dogs. After the article came out, I waited for a few days before checking to see
if there were any donations.
注意：
(1) 续写词数应为150左右；
(2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I was really nervous when I finally went to collect the money.
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I realized many people feel the same way as I did but didn’t know how to help.
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7．（2024·安徽六安·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，
使之构成一篇完整的短文。
No one knows exactly whether they liked it better in spring or in winter. They used to
pretend that they were travelers exploring a new country with lush vegetation (茂盛的草木) andbright yellow daffodils (水仙花) dotting the field, and would drop leaves on the road that they
might find their way back again. Everything seemed amazing and appealing.
When the ice was thick and firm, they went across the pond. But their mother did not like to
have them do this unless someone was with them.
“Don’t go across the pond today, children,” she said, as she kissed them and bade them
goodbye one morning. “It is beginning to melt. It can be dangerous.”
“All right, mother,” said David, though not very good-naturedly, for he was very fond of
running and sliding on the ice.
When they came to the pond, the ice looked hard and safe. “There,” said he to his sister, “I
knew it hadn’t melted any. Mother is always afraid we shall be drowned. Come along, and we will
have a good time sliding. The school bell will not ring for an hour at least.”
“But you promised mother,” said Susan.
“No, I didn’t. I only said ‘All right,’ and it is all right,” said David, holding his head high.
“Oh, well, I didn’t say anything; so I can do as I like,” said Susan. So, they stepped on the
ice without any delay, and started to go across the pond merrily. They had not gone far before the
ice gave way, and they fell into the chilly water all at once.
“Help! Help!” they both cried for help in panic.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
A man who was at work near the shore heard the screams of the children.
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Paragraph 2:
David and Susan went home almost frozen.
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8．（2024·浙江·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成
一篇完整的短文。
In New England, a few years ago, a party of boys decided to start a grand sleigh (雪橇)
ride. The sleigh was a large one, pulled by six gray horses.
The next day, as the teacher entered the schoolroom, he found his students in high spirits,
chattering excitedly about their journey. One of the boys recounted their trip and its various
incidents. As he reached the end of his story, he exclaimed, “Oh sir, there was one thing I had
almost forgotten. As we were coming home, we saw a strange sight on the road. It turned out to be
a rust y old sleigh attached to a covered wagon (四轮运货车), moving at a very slow pace and
taking up the entire road.”
The boys had grown impatient with the slow-moving vehicle ahead of them and decided to
take action. They threw snowballs at the wagon and shouted, making the old horse start to run
quickly. The old man in the wagon cried out, asking why they were frightening his horse. A boy
replied, “Why don’t you turn out, then?” and gave him three more loud cheers. His horse was
frightened again and ran into a loaded wagon, almost making the old man fall over.
The teacher listened carefully to the boy’s story before responding, “Take your seats, boys,
and I will tell you a story about a sleigh ride, too.”
Yesterday afternoon, a very elderly man was traveling from Boston to Salem to spend the
winter at his son’s house. He had brought his wagon for the journey and his sleigh for the winter.
His vision and hearing were not what they used to be due to his age. He was traveling slowly, as
his horse was old and weak like himself. Suddenly, he was frightened by loud cheers and rapid
snowballs hitting his wagon. In his panic, he dropped the reins and his horse ran wildly. Amidst
his troubles, a large group of boys in a sleigh pulled by six horses rushed past him, shouting and
demanding that he give them the road.
注意：续写词数应为150左右;请按如下格式作答。Paragraph1
The old man begged them not to frighten his horse.
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Paragraph2
The boys listened quietly, reflecting on their actions.
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9．（2024·河南·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之
构成一篇完整的短文。
Spreading Joy
This past Christmas season began for me as usual on the day after Thanksgiving, Black
Friday. My mom, sister, and I had gotten up early to go shopping. As we were driving out of a
store parking lot, we caught sight of a dreadfully thin woman sitting on a walker. She was clearly
homeless, with bird feathers stuck into her gray hair, and a dirty yellow raincoat.
That homeless woman got us thinking about what Christmas would be like for some one
who has no place to call home. With no family to turn to and certainly no presents to open on
Christmas morning, these people have nothing to look forward to but the cold and lonely place
where they choose to camp. Even though we live in sunny California, the temperature can still fall
below freezing on winter nights. Where would this woman sleep when the sun went down?
Sadly, homeless people are a common sight in our town. On our way home, we passed
countless people pushing shopping carts overflowing with their belongings and people standing inthe center dividers of roads holding cardboard signs with “Just Hungry” written on them.
The next day, my mom had a great idea. While we were out Christmas shopping, we
purchased some blue tins (罐) of sugar cookies and a few boxes of candy canes. When we got
home, I helped my mom carefully ti e each tin with a red ribbon and tape a candy cane on top.
Next, we wrote “Call 211 for Help” on notes and taped them to the bottoms of the tins. “Not only
will we be spreading Christmas cheer, but now the homeless people will have a number to call and
get the help they need,” my mom explained as we worked.
We put all the tins in the car and, whenever we went for a drive, we searched the streets for
individuals down on their luck. Usually, the streets are crowded with people carrying sleeping
bags, but somehow when you are looking for something, it always seems to disappear.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Eventually, we found a young man sleeping in the Lowe’s parking lot.
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The day before Christmas, we drove around the streets again with our final tin.
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10．（2024·河南·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使
之构成一篇完整的短文。
My husband had taken the car to see about a job and I stayed at the rest area with our sixchildren. I kept them busy playing games and reading books. I prayed as hard as I could that my
husband would get the job and this madness would all come to an end. When he came back and
hard closed the car door, I knew the news was not good.
That night, one of the churches in Portland had a free dinner, so we hurried and had the
children wash up in the bathrooms. We all loaded up in our run-down car. No one would get
thrilled about a hot meal, but being homeless, we all knew what a treat this would be.
In the morning, we were all just as tired as when we went to bed. It’s not easy at all to sleep
eight people in one car. It’s hard to stay warm with only the few blankets we had to share among
us. We got in the car and left to make a garbage dump run.
As my husband looked for work every day, my children and I would walk around the city
picking up cans and bottles to return for the deposit (押金). When nothing else worked, my
husband and I would stand with a sign that read, “will work for food.” It was an embarrassment
and we felt so ashamed. I never looked up at anyone, pretending that I was elsewhere and this was
not happening. But we had to survive, and for the sake of our kids we would do whatever it took
to get them food to eat.
Thanksgiving Day was drawing near and it was turning colder and colder. My husband had
not found work and we were at a loss as how to gather up enough money for a house rent. It
looked so hopeless.
On the evening before Thanksgiving, we went to the only church having Thanksgiving
dinner for the homeless. Unluckily, our car broke down. My husband worked on it, but in vain.
注意：
1. 续写词数为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A truck driver just came over to help.
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11．（2024·辽宁沈阳·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，
使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It was almost New Year’s Eve, and as I made my way home from work, I decided to stop at
the neighborhood coffee shop in our town—a town that had previously been busy and wealthy but
was now poor and deserted. After parking in a parking lot that was close to the coffee shop, I
headed toward the shop door when I spotted trouble.
What lit a warning light in my mind was a group of teenagers—three boys and a girl, each
of whom stood on a skateboard. I wasn’t alarmed by the way they were dressed, which showed
they seemed to be a group of bad teenagers. Rather, it was the extremely late hour and the fact that
they wandered on the sidewalk in a half circle around an elderly man sitting in a chair that raised a
red flag in my mind. Wearing only a very worn-out shirt and without shoes on his feet, the old
man looked positively cold and probably homeless.
He was in trouble with a capital T. Against my better judgment, I went inside the warm
store and ordered nice bread and a cup of coffee while keeping a worried eye on the group outside.
Thoughts raced through my mind, and I was wondering what the intentions of these teenagers
were. “What do the teenagers want on earth? Do they intend to play a bad trick on the old man,
make fun of him, or…?” I wondered, anxious. “Whatever it is, they seem to plan to do something
bad to him. Oh, these kids seem to be mean,” I thought and felt upset.
But nothing seemed to be happening. Slightly relieved, I began to enjoy my food. However,
minutes after I finished my food and headed toward my car, something indeed was “going down”.
I heard one boy say, “Stand up and walk.” “Oh, no,” I thought. “The old man is now in real
trouble.”
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
But wait, I had misjudged the situation.
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I looked down, finding the teen was wearing nothing on his feet.
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12．（2024·山东日照·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使
之构成一篇完整的短文。
One sunny afternoon in the small town of Oakville, a young boy named Fern was playing
soccer in his backyard. His little dog, Lucks, cheerfully ran around trying to catch the ball
whenever Fern kicked it too far. The air was filled with laughter and barks, making it sound like a
perfect day.
All of a sudden, the sky changed color, turning dark gray. Fern noticed the wind picking up,
and the trees began to shake wildly. He looked towards the horizon and saw a terrifying scene—a
tornado (龙卷风) coming towards the town.
Fern fought panic and grabbed Lucky quickly. He remembered what the TV weatherman
had said: “If you meet a tornado, head for the storm cellar (地窖) immediately.” Lucky whined
and struggled in Fern’s arms. “Steady, boy,” Fern said to Lucky.
As he reached the doorstep of the storm cellar, he thought of Mrs. Smith, the elderly
neighbor next door. Mrs. Smith lived alone and moved slowly because of her leg problems.Should he check on her? But what could he do? It seemed unlikely that she could make it to the
storm cellar quickly enough. Plus, he wasn’t even sure if she wanted him around. She often
scolded (训斥) him because his dog, Lucky, would mess up her flower gardens. But if there was a
tornado..., she didn’t have a basement or a storm cellar. Fern knew he couldn’t just leave her there.
“Sorry, Lucky.” He set the shaking dog on the steps in the storm cellar and let the door drop
shut. Lucky would be scared there by himself, but he’d be safe.
注意：
1.续写词数应为 150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
He had to make sure Mrs. Smith was OK.
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After what felt like hours, the tornado finally stopped.
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13．（2024·吉林·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
Every Saturday, Arizona hung out at her grandma’s laundry and dry-cleaning store while
her mom worked. Arizona loved being with her grandma, but she wanted to do more than just
draw and read.
“How about I write down what people bring in and pin a number to it?” Arizona offered.
With Grandma nearby, she did fine. But the next order was an enormous bedspread (床单).
Arizona checked it in, but when she went to lift it off the counter, it wouldn’t move a bit. She triedsliding it, but it fell over on her. “I’m OK!” She giggled from under the soft mounds of material.
Grandma lifted the bedspread off her and smiled.
“Why don’t you draw for a little while,” she suggested. “You’re such a good artist.”
Arizona sighed. “But I wanted to help you.” Arizona was too short to reach the tall rod (竿)
that held the fresh clothes in neat alphabetical order. Grandma didn’t want her handling the iron.
She could slide cardboard into the ironed shirts, but that was about it.
“Why don’t you draw a picture of more customers coming in?” Grandma joked. “Maybe
that would help!”
Arizona went outside. It was a crisp fall day. The last leaves were starting their lazy drift to
the ground. She spotted her babysitter, Stephanie, across the street. Stephanie was painting big
letters on the window of the hardware store.
“Stephanie!” Arizona called. “You’re going to get in trouble.”
Stephanic laughed. “The high-school cheer leading team is painting windows for our home
coming football game next weekend. Some of the shop owners said we could.”
“Does that paint wash off?” Arizona asked.
“Yep. It’s just cornstarch, soap, and food coloring,” said Stephanie.
Arizona saw other kids from the high school painting designs on windows up and down the
street.“GO, TIGERS!” said the window of the nail salon in huge letters. “HEAR US ROAR!” said
the window of the smoothie shop.
“I can help you!” Arizona called to Stephanie, her heart pounding. “I can draw!”
“Sorry,” Stephanie said. “I’m out of paint, and I have to get home. Thank you, though!”
Arizona was so disappointed she could taste it. She stared at Grandma’s windows. They
have nothing on.
注意：1.续写字数应为150个左右 ；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly an idea burst into Arizona’s head.
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When she finished, Arizona went inside to get Grandma.
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14．（2024·山东济南·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，
使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“No, little girl. You can’t get in without the money.” Jeffrey, the bus driver, told a little girl
who wanted to get on the bus but only had a few pennies. She must have been around seven years
old, and he wasn’t in the mood to deal with unaccompanied children that day.
“Please, sir. I want to visit my grandmother,” the little girl begged. “Then go ask your
parents for the money and come back next time,” Jeffrey replied and gestured with his hand for
the girl to get out. She finally left the bus with her shoulders lowered. Jeffrey saw her sit down at
the bus stop and drove off.
He finished his route and went home for the lunch, greeting his wife, Greta, and sitting
down on the couch to rest. When he browsed his Facebook posts, an image caught his attention. A
picture was shared of the little girl he had just turned away a few hours earlier. The word
“Missing” was written on top of the image. He learned that the girl had disappeared a day ago, and
her parents were desperately trying to find her.
“Dear! What have I done?” he asked himself, standing up and going to the front door. When
Greta asked where he was going, Jeffrey said, “Greta! Quick! Call 911 and this number,” showing
her the picture of the girl. “I saw this girl at a bus stop earlier, and I turned her away because she
didn’t have enough money. I’m going to find her, but please make those calls.” Having told her
where the bus stop was, he went out.
Jeffrey rushed to his car, speeding to the bus stop. Hopefully, the girl was smart enough to
stay in one place. He couldn’t believe how careless he had been earlier. She was a little girl all
alone. As he drove to the bus stop, Jeffrey vowed to be more careful in the future, especially whenit came to children.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Finally, Jeffrey saw a tiny figure sitting on the bench at the spot.
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A few minutes later, the police and another car approached.
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15．（2024·安徽·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
Sumiel was having a tough Friday. It was October 2020, and the 71-year-old, who was
dealing with kidney (肾) failure and had been on dialysis (透析) for a few years, found himself at
a blood center 30 miles from home for the second time in 24 hours.
Sumiel was no stranger to the struggles of kidney disease. He was on the transplant list, but
no matches had yet appeared. So he continued with his treatments. Without a ride lined up for
Friday’s do-over, Sumiel took an Uber to and from his appointment.
Timothy Letts, 31, was driving north to visit a friend when his phone pinged (响) with the
request for Sumiel’s ride home. The trip was out of Letts’s way. Still, he took the fare, figuring if
the passenger was coming from a medical facility, he likely needed a ride. When Sumiel got into
the car, Letts could see that the older man was weak but in good spirits. And as they set out on the40-minute drive to Sumiel’s home, the pair got to chatting.
Sumiel really lit up the car with positive energy. Letts shared with Sumiel that he was once
a proud soldier. Sumiel mentioned that in the past he’d enjoyed volunteering in his community.
But he was doing less these days, he explained, because the dialysis treatments left him exhausted.
Then Sumiel said that he was searching for a kidney donor. Letts joked, “I’d be a good
donor candidate if I don’t drink or smoke.”Sumiel agreed, though he didn’t think much of it as
they kept driving. Letts, however, couldn’t stop thinking about it. Letts believes in helping others,
so donating a kidney was something that was always on his mind. So, about a quarter-mile away
from Sumiel’s house, Letts said, “I’d like to see if I could be a match to give you a kidney.”Sumiel
was shocked. He was shaking so hard, he could barely write his name when they exchanged
contact information. Once inside his home, he excitedly told his wife, “The Uber driver just
offered me his kidney!”
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右;
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After the initial excitement, Sumiel started feeling a bit less optimistic.
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After a long process, came the good news.
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