绝密★考试结束前
2026 年高考第一次模拟考试（北京卷）
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准
考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，
用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸
上将该选项涂黑。
I never considered myself artistic until that rainy autumn afternoon. Mrs. Riley, our art teacher, handed out
canvases (画布) with an unusual 1 , “Paint what you feel others cannot see.” My classmates 2
dipped brushes into bright colors, while I stared at the 3 surface, no idea in my mind, and immersed
myself in self-doubt.
For years, I had 4 to draw except for stick figures and convinced that 5 wasn’t my
gift. But as raindrops tapped the window like a piece of beautiful music, an idea sparked — I mixed greys and
blues to capture the rhythm of the storm. To my 6 , Mrs. Riley paused and looked at my drawing.
“This... has depth,” she murmured, nodding her head slightly.
That night, I lay awake, torn between excitement and fear. My sketchbook (速写本), long hidden under
textbooks, resurfaced like an old friend. I began sketching shadows dancing through streetlights, steam curling
from teacups — ordinary magic I’d always 7 .
Weeks later, the school exhibition arrived. My piece “Urban Symphony” hung beside abstract paintings.
Visitors rushed past my work without pause until a little girl pulled her mother’s sleeve. “Look! It’s like the city is
breathing!” Her words were beyond my personal 8 .Now, as I prepare for art college, I often recall Mrs. Riley’s wisdom: “Vision grows when we dare to 9
the invisible.” That blank canvas taught me creativity isn’t about skill, but the 10 to share our unique
perspectives.
1．A．task B．gift C．sign D．game
2．A．suddenly B．eventually C．immediately D．casually
3．A．messy B．blank C．torn D．rough
4．A．pretended B．decided C．promised D．refused
5．A．sincerity B．creativity C．curiosity D．generosity
6．A．surprise B．anger C．regret D．horror
7．A．forgot B．tracked C．ignored D．witnessed
8．A．control B．authority C．capacity D．expectation
9．A．explore B．question C．create D．protect
10．A．dream B．chance C．courage D．demand
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者原本认为自己没有艺术天赋，但在一次艺术课上，老师布置
了一个不同寻常的绘画任务，作者受窗外雨景启发开始创作，并意外得到老师认可。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的美术老师莱利夫人发了一张画布，上面有一项不同寻常的任务：
“画出你觉得别人看不到的东西。”A. task任务；B. gift礼物；C. sign迹象；D. game游戏。根据下文
“Paint what you feel others cannot see”可知，美术老师发下来的画布上留有任务。故选A。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同学们立即用画笔蘸上鲜艳的色彩，而我则呆呆地盯着空白的表面，毫无
头绪，沉浸在自我怀疑中。A. suddenly突然；B. eventually最后；C. immediately立刻；D. casually随意地。
根据下文“dipped brushes into bright colors”可知，同学们看到了任务以后立刻就用画笔蘸上鲜艳的色彩准
备画画。故选C。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同学们立即用画笔蘸上鲜艳的色彩，而我则呆呆地盯着空白的表面，毫
无头绪，沉浸在自我怀疑中。A. messy混乱的；B. blank空白的；C. torn破损的；D. rough粗糙的。根据
上文“handed out canvases”可知，老师发下来的画布上应该是什么都没有的，也就是空白的。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，除了简笔画外，我一直拒绝画画，并坚信创造力不是我的天赋。
A. pretended假装；B. decided决定；C. promised答应；D. refused拒绝。根据下文“wasn’t my gift”可知，
作者觉得自己没有天赋，所以拒绝画画。故选D。5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，除了简笔画外，我一直拒绝画画，并坚信创造力不是我的天赋。
A. sincerity真诚；B. creativity创造力；C. curiosity好奇心；D. generosity慷慨。根据上文“no idea in my
mind”和常识可知，画画需要创造力，作者看到画布毫无头绪，说明作者觉得自己没有创造力。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我吃惊的是，莱利太太停了下来，看着我的画。A. surprise惊讶；B.
anger生气；C. regret后悔；D. horror震惊，恐惧。根据下文“This... has depth”可知，美术老师说作者的
画有深度，这让作者吃惊。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始画在路灯下跳舞的影子，从茶杯里冒出的蒸汽——这些我一直忽略
的普通魔术。A. forgot忘记；B. tracked跟踪；C. ignored忽视；D. witnessed目击。根据上文“shadows
dancing through streetlights, steam curling from teacups — ordinary magic”可知，路灯下跳舞的影子，从茶杯
里冒出的蒸汽，这些是作者一直忽略的魔术。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的话出乎我的意料。A. control控制；B. authority权威；C. capacity能力；
D. expectation预料。根据上文“Look! It’s like the city is breathing”可知，作者肯定没有料到美术老师会这
么说，所以老师是话出乎作者的意料。故选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们敢于探索不可见的世界时，视野就会增长。A. explore探索；B.
question质疑；C. create创造；D. protect保护。根据第1空后“Paint what you feel others cannot see”可知，
此处是指探索不可见的世界。故选A。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：空白的画布教会了我，创造力不在于技能，而在于分享我们独特观点的
勇气。A. dream梦想；B. chance机会；C. courage勇气；D. demand要求。根据下文“share our unique
perspectives”可知，此处是指分享独特观点的勇气。故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词
的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only 11 (discover) a stranger in her
house. Waving a pole that she 12 (place) inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole
dancing show. Soon, she found the stranger was an adorable koala. She quickly contacted the Conservation Park,
who sent out rescuers to release it to safety. Although the problem 13 (resolve) by now, it does highlight
the fact that the natural habitat of wildlife is being decreased as the construction of homes for humans is increased.
【答案】11．to discover 12．had placed 13．has been resolved【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位澳大利亚女士下班后回家发现家中有一只考拉，最终联系
保护公园将其安全放生的故事。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，一位澳大利亚女士下班后回到家，却发现家里有个陌生人。此处为
固定结构only to do sth.，意为“结果却……”，表示意料之外的结果，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。
故填to discover。
12．考查动词时态。句意：陌生人挥舞着她之前放在家里的杆子，就像在表演钢管舞。此处为谓语动词，
根据语境和时间状语before可知，place的动作发生在谓语动词was之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去
完成时，其结构为“had +过去分词”。故填had placed。
13．考查动词时态和语态。句意：尽管这个问题现在已经解决了，但它确实凸显了一个事实：随着人类
住宅建设的增加，野生动物的自然栖息地正在减少。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语by now可知，此处
应用现在完成时；problem与resolve为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数。故填has been resolved。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空
白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The term “Wen Fang” refers to a reading room or a study 14 intellectuals in ancient times could
enjoy a peaceful moment alone to gain cultural accumulations and to meditate. They demanded a highly aesthetic
space, 15 (decorate) with fine stationery, so that they could be isolated 16 disturbing affairs,
even for a brief time. Besides the well-known “four treasures of the study” — ink brushes, ink cakes, ink stones
and paper — the study is also enriched with other 17 (object) like engraved seals, brush holders,
incense burners and musical instruments.
【答案】14．where 15．decorated 16．from 17．objects
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“文房”的含义，即古代文人可以独自享受宁静时刻以积累文
化和冥想的书房，还提到书房需要有美观的装饰和各种文具器物。
14．考查定语从句。句意：“文房”指的是古代文人可以独自享受宁静时刻以积累文化和冥想的书房。
此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是a reading room or a study，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，
应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们需要一个极具美感的空间，用精美的文具装饰，这样他们即使是短暂
的时间也能远离纷扰的事务。此处修饰名词space，decorate与逻辑主语space之间是被动关系，应用过去
分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填decorated。16．考查介词。句意：他们需要一个极具美感的空间，用精美的文具装饰，这样他们即使是短暂的时间
也能远离纷扰的事务。固定短语be isolated from“与……隔绝，远离”。故填from。
17．考查名词复数。句意：除了著名的“文房四宝”——毛笔、墨锭、砚台和纸张——书房里还摆满了
其他物品，如印章、笔架、香炉和乐器。object“物品”，可数名词，有other修饰，应用复数形式。故填
objects。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空
白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Here are some ways for you to fight against anger. Firstly, accept that people will frustrate you. Realizing
that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. Secondly, stop 18 (try) to contain your
anger. A better way of facing up to anger is to identify the root cause. Once you know 19 you get mad, it
is possible to deal with the cause. Lastly, don’t take the easy way. A reaction like throwing something, hitting
someone, or screaming is the easy way. By learning to control, you can become 20 (calm) and less
violent.
【答案】18．trying 19．why 20．calmer
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些对抗愤怒的方法。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：其次，别再试图压抑自己的愤怒了。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，此
处指停止试图压抑愤怒，符合语境。故填trying。
19．考查宾语从句。句意：一旦你明白了自己为何会生气，就有可能找到解决问题的办法。最后，切勿
选择逃避的方式。引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，故填why。
20．考查比较级。句意：通过学会控制情绪，你就能变得更为冷静，也更少表现出暴力行为。根据后文
less violent可知为比较级。故填calmer。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
In the latest Student Experience Survey, you told us that you want ongoing services and support to succeed
in your studies. We heard you and, as a result, University of Wollongong Australia (UOW) has introduced
Studiosity — a free online service that provides guidance and feedback on your academic skills, 24/7.
How does Studiosity work?Upload your written draft and within 24 hours a Studiosity consultant specialising in English will send it
back with relevant comments, suggestions and encouragement. This might include analyzing an assignment
question, providing advice on research skills, or improving grammar and structure, etc.
If you prefer to work through your questions with a real person, you can do that via an interactive
classroom using chat, a collaborative whiteboard and file sharing. This might include discussing specific issues in
your writing or working through math or science questions.
Please note that UOW students can have 15 interactions with Studiosity per session. Each writing feedback
submission or connect live session counts as one interaction. The number of Studiosity interactions you have
remaining is displayed on the right-hand side of your Studiosity portal (门户网站).
How to access Studiosity?
From the beginning of session, you will be able to access your free Studiosity account in most Moodle
subject sites. Click on the “Studiosity: 24/7 study help” link.
If Studiosity isn’t visible, register in the Studiosity (UOW) Moodle site and click the link there. After
clicking the link, you will be directed to your account setup. Create a memorable4-digit PIN. You will also need to
agree to the Studiosity Privacy and Cookies Policy and Acceptable Use Policy, which will provide Studiosity with
your name, UOW email address, and subject ID．
Start using Studiosity today and unlock your full potential!
21．UOW introduces Studiosity to __________.
A．provide free online courses B．assist students in their studies
C．collect students’ written feedback D．conduct the Student Experience Survey
22．With Studiosity, students can _____________.
A．share files with each other B．join online discussion groups
C．obtain advice on polishing their writing D．receive unlimited feedback on assignments
23．What are required for UOW students to access Studiosity?
A．A registration fee and a subject ID．
B．A 4-digit PIN and agreement to privacy policies.
C．A personal email address and Studiosity account.
D．A memorable username and a Moodle subject link.
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚伍伦贡大学为学生提供的在线学术支持服务Studiosity。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the latest Student Experience Survey, you told us that you want ongoing
services and support to succeed in your studies. We heard you and, as a result, University of Wollongong Australia
(UOW) has introduced Studiosity — a free online service that provides guidance and feedback on your academic
skills, 24/7. (在最新的学生体验调查中，你们告诉我们，为了在学业上取得成功，你们需要持续的服务和
支持。我们听取了你们的意见，因此，澳大利亚伍伦贡大学（UOW）推出了“Studiosity”——一项免费的
在线服务，它能提供学术技能方面的指导和反馈，全天候服务)”可知，UOW推出Studiosity是为了在学习
上帮助学生。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据How does Studiosity work?部分中“Upload your written draft and within 24 hours a
Studiosity consultant specialising in English will send it back with relevant comments, suggestions and
encouragement. This might include analyzing an assignment question, providing advice on research skills, or
improving grammar and structure, etc. (上传你的书面草稿，24小时内，一位专门研究英语的Studiosity顾问
会将其发回，并附上相关评论、建议和鼓励。这可能包括分析作业问题、提供研究技能建议或改进语法
和结构等)”可知，有了Studiosity，学生可以得到关于润色他们写作的建议。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Create a memorable 4-digit PIN. You will also need to agree to the
Studiosity Privacy and Cookies Policy and Acceptable Use Policy, which will provide Studiosity with your name,
UOW email address, and subject ID. (创建一个令人难忘的4位数密码。你还需要同意Studiosity的隐私和
Cookie政策以及可接受的使用政策，这将为Studiosity提供你的姓名、UOW电子邮件地址和科目ID)”可
知，UOW的学生需要4位数密码和同意隐私政策才能访问Studiosity。故选B。
B
A teacher in New York decided to honor each of her seniors in high school by telling them the difference
they each made to her and the class. She presented each of them with a blue ribbon imprinted with gold letters
which read, “Who I Am Makes a Difference”. Afterwards the teacher gave each of the students three more ribbons
and instructed them to spread this recognition to ceremony.
One of the boys in the class honored a junior executive in a nearby company for helping him with his career
planning and later that day the junior executive went to see his boss, who had been noted as being kind of a badtempered fellow. He told his boss that he deeply admired him for being a creative genius. Then the junior
executive placed the blue ribbon on his boss’s jacket.
That night the boss came home to his 14-year-old son and sat him down. He said, “The most incredible
thing happened to me today. I was in my office and one of the junior executives came in and told me he admired
me and gave me a blue ribbon for being a creative genius. Imagine. He thinks I’m a creative genius. Then he put
the blue ribbon that says ‘Who I Am Makes A Difference’ on my jacket above my heart. He gave me an extra
ribbon and asked me to find somebody else to honor. As I was driving home tonight, I started thinking about
whom I would honor with this ribbon and I thought about you, I want to honor you.”
“My days are really stressful and when I come home, I don’t pay a lot of attention to you. Sometimes I
scream at you for not getting good enough grades in school and for your bedroom being a mess, but somehow
tonight, I just wanted to let you know that you do make a difference to me. Besides your mother, you are the most
important person in my life. You’re a great kid and I love you!”
The astonished boy started to sob and sob, and he couldn’t stop crying. His whole body shook. After a long
silence, he looked up at his father and said through his tears, “Thank you, Dad. This blue ribbon means more to
me than anything. I love you too.”
24．The teacher gave each student three more ribbons in order to ______.
A．honor their good behavior in class
B．pass on the act of acknowledgment
C．show her appreciation for their help
D．prepare for the graduation ceremony
25．What can we infer about the boss before receiving the blue ribbon?
A．He was attentive but strict to his son.
B．He had great skills in career planning.
C．He was well-known as a creative genius.
D．He prioritized work over family responsibilities.
26．On hearing his father’s words, the boy felt ______.
A．relieved of long-held insecurities B．confused by the sudden attention
C．indifferent to his father’s apology D．upset about being ignored before
27．The story mainly tells us that ______.
A．teachers have great influences on students
B．it is important to express gratitude to othersC．everyone needs to be recognized and appreciated
D．parents should pay more attention to their children
【答案】24．B 25．D 26．A 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是一个关于“蓝丝带”的感恩故事，通过师生、父子以及同事
之间的情感互动，强调每个人都渴望被认可和欣赏。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Afterwards the teacher gave each of the students three more ribbons and
instructed them to spread this recognition to ceremony. (之后，老师又给了每个学生三条蓝丝带，并指示他们
将这种认可传递下去。)”可知，老师给每个学生额外的三条蓝丝带是为了让他们传递这种认可的行为。故
选B。
25．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“My days are really stressful and when I come home, I don’t pay a lot of
attention to you. Sometimes I scream at you for not getting good enough grades in school and for your bedroom
being a mess, but somehow tonight, I just wanted to let you know that you do make a difference to me. (我的日子
压力很大，当我回家时，我没有太关注你。有时我会因为你在学校成绩不够好，以及你的卧室一团糟而
对你大喊大叫，但不知怎么的，今晚，我只是想让你知道你对我来说真的很重要。)”可知，在收到蓝丝带
之前，他的工作压力很大，不关注儿子，而且还在孩子表现不佳时乱吼孩子，由此可推断，他对家庭责
任不够重视，更专注于工作。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The astonished boy started to sob and sob, and he couldn’t stop crying. His
whole body shook. After a long silence, he looked up at his father and said through his tears, “Thank you, Dad.
This blue ribbon means more to me than anything. I love you too.” (这个惊讶的男孩开始抽泣，他止不住地哭
泣。他的整个身体都在颤抖。长时间的沉默后，他抬头看着父亲，流着泪说：“谢谢你，爸爸。这条蓝
丝带对我来说比什么都重要。我也爱你。”)”可知，孩子听到父亲的话止不住的哭泣，沉默长时间后，最
后抬起头对爸爸表达了爱，由此可推断，听到父亲的话后，男孩因为长期以来的不安感得到了缓解。故
选A。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合首段“She presented each of them with a blue ribbon imprinted with gold
letters which read, “Who I Am Makes a Difference”. Afterwards the teacher gave each of the students three more
ribbons and instructed them to spread this recognition to ceremony. (她送给每位学生一条印有金色字母的蓝色
丝带，上面写着：“我就是与众不同”。之后，老师又给了每位学生三条额外的丝带，并指导他们将这
种认可传递下去。)”可知，文章讲述了老师给学生蓝丝带让他们传递认可，结合下文讲述的学生将认可传
递给公司初级主管，初级主管又传递给老板，老板最后认可了儿子，这一系列故事体现了每个人都需要被认可和欣赏，由此可知，本文主要告诉我们：每个人都需要被认可和欣赏。故选C。
C
In an era of big research, having confidence in scientists, individually or collectively, involves trade-offs.
Science is ideally built on evidence but in reality, for most people, it is based on trust. Scientific evidence is hard
to access. Journals are difficult to get and their articles, written in specialised language, are only understandable to
a few field experts. So, we trust experts’ results without being able to question them ourselves, believing that if
needed, someone knowledgeable will.
Historically, the reputation of individual scientists has been important in facilitating the spread of scıentific
theories and discoveries. If a scientist is, or can appear to be, trustworthy, so might that scientist’s ideas.
This can lead to odd consequences. Recognisable scientists receive more credit and trust, while
unrecognisable scientists often have their work overlooked. The history of science is filled with cases where basic
papers written by relatively unknown scientists were neglected for years. Consider the case of Joseph Fourier,
whose classic paper on the propagation of heat had to wait 13 years to be published.
Since recognisable scientists receive disproportionate ( 不 成 比 例 的 ) credit, their names become
disproportionately associated with discoveries. Statistics professor Stephen Stigler formulated “Stigler’s law of
eponymy” (斯蒂格勒命名法则), stating no scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer. For
instance, Pythagoras wasn't the first to discover the Pythagorean theorem, nor was Edwin Hubble the first to
formulate Hubble’s law.
However, modern science operates differently. Large collaborative (合作的) projects often produce papers
with hundreds of authors. The record for the number of authors on a single scientific paper is currently 5,154.
Furthermore, an editorial board composed of project group members actually wrote the papers. The papers were
then placed on an electronic bulletin board for criticism and comment by all. Some massive collaborative projects
constantly maintain author lists of hundreds of names, which are automatically submitted on every publication.
If we can’t identify the thousands in big science projects or know their actual authors, who do we trust? I’d
say we trust “science” itself regardless of the individual scıentists’ integrity. We trust the organisations that are
considered scientific. Any clickbait news articles with “Science Says” in the title show this shift from trusting
individuals to trusting the scientific enterprise.
This shift to trusting “science” itself has risks. Misidentifying experts or trusting dishonest ones can abuse
scientific erodibility. A striking example is Merchants of Doubt, where experts hid truths about acid rain and
global warming. Authorship, then, serves one last function, which in some cases only benefits the historian likeme: accountability.
28．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The moral issues in scientific authorship and accountability.
B．The role of individual scientists in modern scientific research.
C．The evolution of trust in science from individuals to enterprises.
D．The challenges of confirming scientific evidence in the digital age.
29．Why is “Stigler’s law of eponymy” mentioned?
A．To justify an argument. B．To introduce an approach.
C．To challenge a convention. D．To evaluate an assumption.
30．According to the passage, the author may agree that ________.
A．modern science collaboration challenges the trust in individual scientists
B．the current trend of trusting science overlooks scientists’ sacrifices
C．authorship ought to be founded upon intellectual contributions
D．it is vital to identify the authors of large-scale science projects
31．What is the author’s attitude towards the shift to trusting science itself?
A．Sympathetic. B．Cautious. C．Disapproving. D．Puzzied.
【答案】28．C 29．A 30．A 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学信任从个人到企业的演变，分析了这种演变背后的原因、
影响以及潜在风险，并提出了作者对于这一转变的谨慎态度。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“In an era of big research, having confidence in scientists,
individually or collectively, involves trade-offs.(在科研成果丰硕的时代，无论是选择信任个体科学家，还是
选择信任科学家集体，都存在着权衡取舍。)”、第二段中“ Historically, the reputation of individual
scientists has been important in facilitating the spread of scıentific theories and discoveries. (从历史上看，科学
家个人的声誉在促进科学理论和发现的传播方面一直很重要。)”、第五段“However, modern science
operates differently. (然而，现代科学的运作方式不同。)”以及第六段中“If we can’t identify the thousands in
big science projects or know their actual authors, who do we trust? I’d say we trust “science” itself regardless of
the individual scıentısts’ integrity. (如果我们无法确定大型科学项目中的数千人或知道他们的实际作者，我
们该信任谁呢？我想说，我们信任“科学”本身，而不考虑个别科学家的诚信)”等可知，文章开篇指出在
大研究时代对科学家的信任存在权衡，接着阐述历史上个体科学家声誉对科学理论传播的作用，然后说
明现代科学中大型合作项目的情况，最后表明信任从科学家个体向 “科学” 本身的转变存在风险，由此推知，文章重点讲述的是科学信任从个体到机构的演变过程。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Since recognisable scientists receive disproportionate credit, their names
become disproportionately associated with discoveries. Statistics professor Stephen Stigler formulated “Stigler’s
law of eponymy”, stating no scientific discovery is named after its original discoverer. (由于知名科学家获得不
成比例的赞誉，他们的名字与发现不成比例地联系在一起。统计学教授斯蒂芬·斯蒂格勒提出了“斯蒂格
勒命名法则”，即没有一项科学发现是以其最初发现者的名字命名的)”可知，第四段先阐述了知名科学家
与发现之间不成比例的联系这一现象，然后提出“斯蒂格勒命名法则”来进一步说明这种不成比例的联
系，也就是为了进一步论证前面提到的知名科学家获得不成比例赞誉这一观点。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段“However, modern science operates differently. Large collaborative projects
often produce papers with hundreds of authors. The record for the number of authors on a single scientific paper is
currently 5,154. Furthermore, an editorial board composed of project group members actually wrote the papers.
The papers were then placed on an electronic bulletin board for criticism and comment by all. Some massive
collaborative projects constantly maintain author lists of hundreds of names, which are automatically submitted on
every publication. (然而，现代科学的运作方式不同。大型合作项目经常产生有数百名作者的论文。目前，
一篇科学论文的作者人数记录为5154人。此外，由项目组成员组成的编辑委员会实际上撰写了论文。然
后，这些论文被放在电子公告板上，供所有人批评和评论。一些大型合作项目不断维护着数百人的作者
名单，这些名单在每次发表时都会自动提交)”以及第六段中“If we can’t identify the thousands in big
science projects or know their actual authors, who do we trust? I’d say we trust “science” itself regardless of the
individual scientists’ integrity. (如果我们无法确定大型科学项目中的数千人或知道他们的实际作者，我们该
信任谁呢？我想说，我们信任“科学”本身，而不考虑个别科学家的诚信)”可知，现代科学中大型合作项
目作者众多，人们难以确定作者，进而信任“科学”本身而非个体科学家，这表明现代科学合作模式挑
战了人们对个体科学家的信任。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This shift to trusting ‘science’ itself has risks. Misidentifying experts or
trusting dishonest ones can abuse scientific erodibility. A striking example is Merchants of Doubt, where experts
hid truths about acid rain and global warming. (这种对“科学”本身的信任转变存在风险。误认专家或信任
不诚实的专家会滥用科学的可信度。一个明显的例子是《怀疑的商人》，其中专家隐瞒了酸雨和全球变
暖的真相)”可知，作者提到这种对“科学”本身的信任转变存在风险，并举例说明这种风险，由此可推断
作者对这种转变持谨慎态度。A. Sympathetic同情的；B.Cautious谨慎的；C. Disapproving不赞成的；D.
Puzzied困惑的。故选B。
DWhen people view photographs of frightening spiders, scientists usually observe increased electrical
activity deep in their brain, in a region called the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The obvious conclusion is that the
PAG controls fight-or-flight responses in threatening situations. But what if brains don’t have dedicated circuits
for fighting and flighting? Is threat detection really a primary mode of the brain with its own neural circuitry (神
经回路)?
This idea of fight-or-flight circuits originates from the “triune brain” model dividing brains into the so-
called lizard brain, including the PAG, for survival functions, the “limbic system” for emotions, and the
“neocortex” for higher-order reasoning. If you know anything about evolution, you might know that something is
spurious. The only animal on this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Also, there’s no unified limbic “system” or
the “neocortex” for emotions or rationality (理性) respectively. So where does this leave the fight-or-flight story?
Recently, changes in PAG activity have been observed in nonthreatening tasks, such as reading a
fascinating article about the brain. The PAG has also been proved to regulate bodily systems continuously.
Incidentally, this explains why antianxiety medications manage anxiety disorders without healing them. They
target brain circuits that aren’t dedicated to anxiety or fight-or-flight but that simply regulate the body.
Researches on the brain’s powers also cast new light on our understandings. In daily life, individuals might
feel like they perceive and react to various stimuli as either threatening or safe. Actually, the brain, using past
experiences, skillfully predicts and formulates action plans in anticipation of events before stimuli occur. The
brain’s preparatory mechanism, metabolically (新陈代谢地) expensive, involves complicated neuronal activities
for sustaining multiple predictions and corresponding action plans over extended periods. But the experiences in
fight-or-flight responses crafted by your brain don’t reveal how it works.
Moreover, your brain, which does much more than avoid threats, handles a complex social world full of
uncertainty. That’s a recipe for stress. And what is stress? It reflects energy preparation for anticipated challenges.
Your brain often makes sense of metabolic cost of uncertainty, if it drags on for long enough, as anxiety, but that’s
not a must. People seek uncertainty out — and its positive cousin, novelty — when they try new foods or learn
new skills.
Uncertainty is common, but these days, with social media and round-the-clock news coverage, it sometimes
bombards us and leaves us anxious and exhausted. But these feelings don’t emerge from fight-or-flight circuits.
They may just mean, in an ever changing and only partly predictable world, that you’re doing something hard.
32．The author asks the questions in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A．evaluate a statement B．justify an assumptionC．challenge an argument D．introduce a new concept
33．Which does the underlined word “spurious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Rare. B．Wrong. C．Limited. D．Unexpected.
34．What can we infer from this passage?
A．Hunting for novelty reduces stress and anxiety.
B．Medicine targeting PAG cures anxiety disorders.
C．Uncertainty is a product of modern media and news cycles.
D．The “Fight or Flight” idea overlooks the brain’s predictive power.
【答案】32．C 33．B 34．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了对“战斗或逃跑”这一大脑反应模式的质疑与新的理解。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“The obvious conclusion is that the PAG controls fight-or-flight responses in
threatening situations. But what if brains don’t have dedicated circuits for fighting and flighting? Is threat
detection really a primary mode of the brain with its own neural circuitry (神经回路)?(显而易见的结论是，中
脑导水管周围灰质（PAG）在威胁情况下控制着战斗或逃跑反应。但是，如果大脑并没有专门用于战斗
或逃跑的回路呢？威胁探测真的只是大脑自身神经回路的一种主要模式吗？)”可知，作者在第一段提出问
题是为了挑战一个论点，即“战斗或逃跑”反应是否由大脑中的特定回路控制。故选C。
33．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The only animal on this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Also, there’s no
unified limbic ‘system’ or the ‘neocortex’ for emotions or rationality (理性) respectively.(这个星球上唯一拥有
“蜥蜴脑”的动物就是蜥蜴。此外，也不存在分别负责情感或理性的统一“边缘系统”或“新皮层”)”可
知，地球上只有蜥蜴有蜥蜴脑，也没有分别用于情感或理性的统一的边缘 “系统” 或 “新皮质”。说
明前面提到的 “三位一体脑” 模型是错误的，所以“spurious”意思是“错误的”。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段“In daily life, individuals might feel like they perceive and react to various
stimuli as either threatening or safe. Actually, the brain, using past experiences, skillfully predicts and formulates
action plans in anticipation of events before stimuli occur.(在日常生活中，人们可能会觉得他们对各种刺激的
认知和反应，要么是将其视为威胁，要么是视为安全。实际上，大脑会利用过往的经验，在刺激发生之
前，巧妙地预测并制定行动计划，以应对即将发生的事件)”可知，“战斗或逃跑”这一观念忽视了大脑的
预测能力。大脑利用过去的经验，在刺激发生之前就能熟练地预测并制定行动计划。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Whether it’s the echo (回声) of beeping tills in a supermarket or the hissing of a coffee machine in yourlocal café, the brain is constantly working to decode (解码) hundreds of noises each day.
But for individuals like 25-year-old Sophie, these background noises can be stressful. 35 She says
she can’t figure out where they’re coming from and can’t compute them fast enough. After a hearing test came
back normal, Sophie met a private audiologist (听觉矫正专家) for further testing. She was eventually diagnosed
(诊断) with auditory processing disorder (APD). 36 However, her audiologist believes the overuse of
noise-canceling headphones, which Sophie wears for up to five hours a day, could have a part to play.
Noise-canceling headphones do have advantages for long-term ear health. But some experts warn that by
blocking everyday sounds, the brain may “forget” how to filter (过滤) noise. 37 Over-reliance on noise-
canceling headphones during this period might delay the ability to process speech and noise. Great Ormond Street
Hospital for Children have seen an increase in demand for assessments of children struggling to hear certain
words in noisy environments. 38 Audiologists are calling for more research into the impact of noise-
canceling headphones on teen’s auditory processing.
39 Mobile apps with “word in noise” training exercises are popular for helping patients distinguish
speech from background noise. Additionally, microphones and low-gain hearing aids can assist in specific
situations. Choosing headphones that don’t completely block the ears is also suggested.
A．The cause of Sophie’s APD diagnosis is unknown.
B．Treatment for APD can make a significant positive difference.
C．Despite having normal hearing, she often struggles to recognize voices.
D．She would leave bars and restaurants early because of the stressful noise.
E．They note that the high-level listening skills don’t fully develop until late teens.
F．One survey showed 61% of 18-24 year olds prefer to watch TV with subtitles on.
G．Hearing a diversity of sounds helps the brain decide what is important to focus on.
【答案】35．C 36．A 37．E 38．F 39．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以Sophie患听觉处理障碍(APD)为例，介绍了APD，分析了可能的原
因，如过度使用降噪耳机，并提及了相应的治疗方法。
35．上文“But for individuals like 25 year old Sophie, these background noises can be stressful.(但对于像25岁
的索菲这样的人来说，这些背景噪音可能会带来压力)”指出Sophie会因背景噪音感到压力。C选项
“Despite having normal hearing, she often struggles to recognize voices.(尽管听力正常，但她经常难以辨认
声音)”进一步说明了Sophie在听觉方面的困扰，与上文提到的背景噪音带来压力相呼应，且与下文“She
says she can’t figure out where they’re coming from and can’t compute them fast enough.(她说她搞不清声音从哪里来，也不能快速处理这些声音)”衔接紧密。故选C项。
36．下文“However, her audiologist believes the overuse of noise canceling headphones, which Sophie wears
for up to five hours a day, could have a part to play.(然而，她的听觉矫正专家认为，索菲每天佩戴长达五小
时的降噪耳机过度使用可能起到了一定作用)”中“However”表示转折，说明前面对于Sophie患APD的原
因是不确定的。A选项“The cause of Sophie’s APD diagnosis is unknown.(索菲被诊断出患有APD的原因尚
不清楚)”符合上下文逻辑。故选A项。
37．下文“Over reliance on noise canceling headphones during this period might delay the ability to process
speech and noise.(在这个时期过度依赖降噪耳机可能会延迟处理语音和噪音的能力)”提到了“this period”，
说明前面应该提到了一个特定的时期。E选项“They note that the high level listening skills don’t fully
develop until late teens.(他们指出，高级听力技能直到青少年晚期才会完全发展)”指出了高级听力技能发展
的时期，与下文的“this period”相呼应。故选E项。
38．上文“Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children have seen an increase in demand for assessments of
children struggling to hear certain words in noisy environments.(大奥蒙德街儿童医院发现，对在嘈杂环境中
难以听清某些单词的儿童进行评估的需求有所增加)”说明儿童在嘈杂环境中听力有问题的情况增多。F选
项“One survey showed 61% of 18-24 year olds prefer to watch TV with subtitles on.(一项调查显示，61%的
18-24岁的人更喜欢看带字幕的电视)”进一步举例说明年轻人在听力方面可能存在的问题，与上文内容相
关。故选F项。
39．下文“Mobile apps with ‘word in noise’ training exercises are popular for helping patients distinguish
speech from background noise. Additionally, microphones and low gain hearing aids can assist in specific
situations. Choosing headphones that don’t completely block the ears is also suggested.(带有‘噪音中的单
词’训练练习的移动应用程序很受欢迎，可帮助患者从背景噪音中分辨出语音。此外，麦克风和低增益
助听器可以在特定情况下提供帮助。还建议选择不完全堵住耳朵的耳机)”介绍了治疗APD的方法。B选
项“Treatment for APD can make a significant positive difference.(对APD的治疗可以产生显著的积极影响)”
引出下文关于治疗方法的内容。故选B项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Main character syndrome is a term that was born on social media to describe a mindset among people to
view themselves as the lead character in their own life story.
People with main character syndrome often have some apparent symbols. They often prioritize their ownneeds and experiences, believe their feelings are the most important, create situations to draw attention to
themselves and behavior overly dramatically to fish for praises.
They have a distorted view of reality, ignore or deny the consequences of their behavior. They clash with
people with different perspectives or goals, as they view their storylines as the most important. They believe they
deserve special attention or treatment and expect others to go out of their way to accommodate them. These have
difficulty understanding or valuing the experiences and feelings of others, often showing little genuine concern for
others’ problems. They often view everyone else as supporting actors.
Main character syndrome isn't inherently “bad” . On the positive side, seeing oneself as the protagonist in a
life story can foster a sense of purpose and motivation. It can encourage people to pursue their goals with
determination and confidence. However, the negative aspects often outweigh the positives. This mindset can lead
to self-centered behavior, difficulty empathizing with others, and a lack of genuine connection in relationships.
Exposure to movies, TV shows, and books focusing on individualism can lead people to see their own lives
in a similar light. Social media also facilitate sharing personal experiences, often placing individuals at the center
of their content. This emphasis on self-presentation and pursuing likes, comments, and validation can reinforce
behaviors associated with main character syndrome.
Certain personality traits, such as narcissistic tendencies, can contribute to main character syndrome.
People who naturally seek higher levels of admiration or have an inflated sense of self-importance may be more
prone to this mindset.
Low self-esteem or self-worth, potentially leads to an excessive desire for external validation. Social and
environmental factors, such as family dynamics, upbringing, and social environment can also play a role. People
who are constantly reinforced or encouraged to focus on themselves may develop main character syndrome.
40．What is main character syndrome?
41．What are the obvious performances of people with main character syndrome?
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
★People with main character syndrome often pursue their goals with determination and the negative
effects are equal to the positives.
43．What way(s) do you have to overcome main character syndrome? (In about 40 words)【答案】40．1) Main character syndrome is a term that was born on social media to describe a mindset among
people to view themselves as the lead character in their own life story.
2) It is to describe a mindset among people to view themselves as the lead character in their own life story.
3) It is a mindset among people to view themselves as the lead character in their own life story. 41．People
with main character syndrome often prioritize their own needs and experiences, believe their feelings are the most
important, create situations to draw attention to themselves and behavior overly dramatically, to fish for praises,
42．★People with main character syndrome often pursue their goals with determination and the negative
effects are equal to the positives.
1) The negative aspects often outweigh the positives.
2) The negative effects are not equal to the positives but outweigh the positives. 43．开放题目，答案不唯一，
合理即可。One effective way to overcome main character syndrome is by practicing empathy and actively
listening to others without seeking personal gain. Engage in community service, focus on shared experiences
rather than self-promotion, and reflect on one’s motivations.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“主角综合症”的概念、表现、其正负面效应、产生的原因及
影响因素，强调了它在社交媒体时代下的特点及其与个人主义的关系。
40．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Main character syndrome is a term that was born on social media to describe
a mindset among people to view themselves as the lead character in their own life story.(主角综合症是一个在社
交媒体上诞生的术语，用来描述人们将自己视为自己人生故事中的主角的心态)”以及第三段“They clash
with people with different perspectives or goals, as they view their storylines as the most important.(他们与具有
不同观点或目标的人发生冲突，因为他们认为自己的故事情节是最重要的)”可知，主角综合症是一个在社
交媒体上诞生的术语，用来描述人们将自己视为自己人生故事中的主角的心态；它描述了人们将自己视
为自己人生故事中的主角的心态；它是将自己视为自己人生故事中的主角是人们的一种心态。故答案为
1) Main character syndrome is a term that was born on social media to describe a mindset among people to view
themselves as the lead character in their own life story.
2) It is to describe a mindset among people to view themselves as the lead character in their own life story.
3) It is a mindset among people to view themselves as the lead character in their own life story.
41．考查细节理解。根据第二段“People with main character syndrome often have some apparent symbols.
They often prioritize their own needs and experiences, believe their feelings are the most important, create
situations to draw attention to themselves and behavior overly dramatically to fish for praises.(患有主角综合症的人通常有一些明显的符号。他们经常优先考虑自己的需求和经历，认为自己的感受是最重要的，创造情
境来吸引人们对自己的关注，并做出过于戏剧化的行为来寻求赞美)”可知，患有主角综合症的人通常会优
先考虑自己的需求和经历，认为自己的感受是最重要的，创造情境来吸引人们对自己和行为的过度关注，
寻求赞美。故答案为People with main character syndrome often prioritize their own needs and experiences,
believe their feelings are the most important, create situations to draw attention to themselves and behavior overly
dramatically, to fish for praises.
42．考查细节理解。根据第四段“However, the negative aspects often outweigh the positives.(然而，负面影
响往往大于正面影响)”可知，负面效应并不等于正面效应，而是超过了正面效应。原句中the negative
effects are equal to the positives表述错误。故答案为
★People with main character syndrome often pursue their goals with determination and the negative
effects are equal to the positives.
1) The negative aspects often outweigh the positives.
2) The negative effects are not equal to the positives but outweigh the positives.
43．开放题目，答案不唯一，合理即可。克服主角综合症的一个有效方法是练习同理心，积极倾听他人
的意见，而不寻求个人利益。参与社区服务，注重分享经验而不是自我推销，并反思自己的动机。故答
案为One effective way to overcome main character syndrome is by practicing empathy and actively listening to
others without seeking personal gain. Engage in community service, focus on shared experiences rather than self-
promotion, and reflect on one’s motivations.
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请英国好友Jim为你们班做一次关于英语写作的线上经验
交流。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．建议交流的具体内容及其原因；
2．交流时间和其他相关事项。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How’s everything?
I’m writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing. Our classmates seem to be weak in
organisation. Would you please give us some suggestions on how to connect sentences logically, how to develop a
paragraph, and how to structure an essay?
The talk will last about an hour, and you can decide on a date at your convenience. Please let me know
which platform you’ll use. It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end
of your talk.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一份电子邮件，邀请英国好友Jim为班级做一次关于英语
写作的线上经验交流
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近好吗：How’s everything → How’s it going
提供、给予：give → offer / provide
不擅长：be weak in → be bad at / be poor in
建议：suggestion → advice
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing.
拓展句：I’m writing to ask if it is convenient for you to offer us an online talk on English writing.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Would you please give us some suggestions on how to connect sentences logically, how
to develop a paragraph, and how to structure an essay?(运用了疑问词+不定式作宾语)
【高分句型2】It would be great if we could have a 10-minute question and answer session at the end of your
talk.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
