考前猜押 05 阅读理解 人生与哲学
1.押题指导原则：
2026年教育部命题指导思想：优化试题呈现方式和素材选取，融入科技前沿动态，浸润人文教育元素，加
强项目式、探究式的真实情境问题设计，更好考查学生关键能力、学科素养和思维品质。
2.押题依据分析：
猜押 押题
3年真题 词数 话题 考情分析
考点 依据
哲学是正确的
D 讲述了个人故事与
世界观和方法
2025北京卷阅 自我认同、幸福感之
D 391 哲学类文章时常出现在高 论，哲学对我
读理解D 间的关系及如何改变
考英语阅读理解中，这里文章 们的时候有很
个人故事
是阅读理解中最难的文章，学 强的指导作
生对抽象的哲学理论了解较 用。命题选这
阅读
C 哲学家对于宇宙的 少，造成理解难度加大。文章 类文章成分显
理解
2024年北京卷 C394 认知和信息时代下的 主要考查学生对每个环节关键 示了：注重以
科普 阅读理解C篇 作者对于宇宙争论的 内容的准确理解，引导学生认 文化人，培育
说明 看法 识自我、了解他人并建立良好 正确的世界
的人际关系，提升发现问题、 观、人生观和
文
分析问题、解决问题的能力。 价值观的高考
C 篇 介 绍 了 The
鲜明地彰显了命题人旨在培养 导向。
Socrates Express 这本
2023年全国甲 新一代青年学子独立思考、理
C327 书，倡导读者花时间
阅读D篇 性判断的教育导向。
去读这本书（我与哲
学）
押题预测目录
一、自我认同、幸福感之间的关系 五、哲学与思考
二、了解自我 六、哲学与真理
三、宇宙观 七、哲学与价值观四、思想与心灵 八、哲学与艺术
一、自我认同、幸福感之间的关系
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
391 个人故事与 说明 细节理解 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界观、人生观和价值观的高考
自我认同、 文 导向。
推理判断
幸福感之间
的关系 主旨大意
The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match
what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better.
For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social
roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go
through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we
understand our lives.
Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our
lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to
a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity,
and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life
satisfaction, too.
Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that
whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s
mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People
could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often
missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change
our own story.
Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power
of redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says
that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud.
If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals
the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this
reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of ourown destiny (命运).
1．What can be inferred about personal stories?
A．They are unrelated to health. B．Consistent ones lead to stress.
C．They are relevant to happiness. D．Thematic ones hold back change.
2．What can we learn from this passage?
A．Talking about gains from failure is negative. B．New Year resolutions are well received.
C．The West tends to overvalue optimism. D．Social roles fail to be highlighted.
3．What does the author mainly do in this passage?
A．Clarify a goal. B．Analyse an event.
C．Make a comparison. D．Illustrate an approach.
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．How self-identity works. B．How story-tellers are made.
C．How personal stories raise doubts. D．How timing affects personal identity.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系及如何改变个人故
事。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity,
and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life
satisfaction, too. (拥有更一致故事的人往往有更强的身份认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、更有方向、
更有目标感。这样的人总体上对生活的满意度也更高。)”可知，个人故事与幸福感相关。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第五段中“She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining
behind every cloud. (她说，西方文化已经促使人们在每一片乌云背后寻找一线希望。)”可知，西方倾向于
过度重视乐观主义。故选C。
3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient
times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about
ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知
并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自
己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he
proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story
through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，
他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”和第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story
themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，文章主要阐述了个人故事与自我认同、
幸福感之间的关系，并举例说明了如何通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，因此作者主要是在阐
述一种方法。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据尤其是由文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but
our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can
help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他
人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”
和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that,
as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which
we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在
我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生
活。)”和第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊
还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响
幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“How self-identity works. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符
合题意。故选A。
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
366 传统幸福与 议论文 细节理解 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界观、人生观和价值观的高考
意义观 导向。
推理判断
For centuries, we’ve pursued happiness and meaning. But what does that leave out? As a social psychologist,
I have dedicated my research career to a simple, but universal question: what makes for a good life, and how can
we achieve it?
For much of human history, we have been presented with two possibilities:pursuing a life of happiness, or a
life of meaning. Each of these paths has its benefits, but decades of psychological research have also revealed their
limits.
Ask the Danes and Finns, who consistently rank among the happiest people in the world, what their secret is
and they’ll tell you this:lower your expectations and be content with what you have. It sounds good, doesn’t it? But
it leaves something out. It’s a bit like being a college student who only takes easy courses to be sure of getting goodgrades. Might there be more to life than simple pleasures and cozy comfort?
Then there’s the meaningful life. We often imagine that meaning flows from trying to change the world like
Steve Jobs. Once again, the research shows that lowering your sights and focusing on the little things can offer a
more achievable sense of meaning. Often people find it in routines like taking care of family, or volunteering in the
community. But there is also a dark side to the pursuit of meaning:researchers have found that it can encourage
people to draw sharp lines between those who belong in their group and those who don’t.
My research lab mapped out a third route to fulfillment:psychological richness. A psychologically rich life is
one filled with diverse, unusual and interesting experiences that change your perspective; a life with twists and
turns;a life that feels like a long, winding hike rather than many laps of the same racing circuit. Such experiences
can make us tougher. Not only that, embracing the pursuit of psychological richness can make us less likely to
regret: it matters less if the thing you did went wrong.
Perhaps no one said it better than Eleanor Roosevelt: “The purpose of life, after all, is to live it, to taste
experience to the utmost, to reach out eagerly and without fear .”
1．What is revealed about pursuing happiness or meaning?
A．Their benefits outweigh the limits.
B．They are equally difficult to achieve.
C．Both paths have limits despite their benefits.
D．Most people prioritize happiness over meaning.
2．What does the example of “a college student” show in paragraph 3?
A．Gratitude is essential for a happy life.
B．We should live up to others’ expectations.
C．Happiness requires academic achievement.
D．Life means more than leisure and comfort.
3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about the pursuit of meaning?
A．Its negative effect might weaken social unity in the long run.
B．It is more achievable through grand ambitions than small actions.
C．Volunteering is the most effective way to gain a sense of meaning.
D．People who pursue meaning often neglect their family responsibilities.
4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this article?
A．To promote Roosevelt’s life philosophy.
B．To introduce a new concept of life fulfillment.C．To criticize traditional psychological research.
D．To compare different cultural views on happiness.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者指出传统幸福与意义观有局限，提出“心理丰富性”概念，指通过多样经
历改变视角，实现生活满足。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Each of these paths has its benefits, but decades of psychological research have
also revealed their limits.(每条道路都有其优点，但几十年的心理学研究也揭示了它们的局限性。)”可知，关
于追求幸福或意义，无论哪条道路都有其局限性，尽管它们都有诸多益处。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s a bit like being a college student who only takes easy courses to be sure of
getting good grades. Might there be more to life than simple pleasures and cozy comfort? (这有点像一个大学生，
他只选择简单的课程，以确保取得好成绩。除了简单的快乐和舒适，生活中是否还有更多的东西？)”可知，
第三段中“一名大学生”的例子说明了生活远不止是休闲和舒适。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“But there is also a dark side to the pursuit of meaning:researchers have found that
it can encourage people to draw sharp lines between those who belong in their group and those who don’t.(但对意
义的追求也有阴暗的一面：研究人员发现，它会鼓励人们在属于自己群体的人和不属于自己群体的人之间
划清界限。)”可知，关于对意义的追求，从第4段可以推断出从长远来看，它的负面影响可能会削弱社会
团结。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“For centuries, we’ve pursued happiness and meaning. But what does that leave
out? As a social psychologist, I have dedicated my research career to a simple, but universal question: what makes
for a good life, and how can we achieve it?(几个世纪以来，我们一直在追求幸福和意义。但这遗漏了什么？
作为一名社会心理学家，我把我的研究生涯献给了一个简单而又普遍的问题：是什么造就了美好的生活？
我们如何才能实现美好的生活？)”并结合文章作者指出传统幸福与意义观有局限，提出“心理丰富性”概
念，指通过多样经历改变视角，实现生活满足。可知，作者撰写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种新的生活满足
感的概念。故选B。
二、了解自我
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
322 关于个人 议论文 细节理解 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界观、人生观和价值观的高考
身份的两 导向。
主旨大意
种不同观点 推理判断
Growing up, my older brother, a science enthusiast, shared fascinating facts with me, like how our cells are
completely new every seven years. This idea highlighted the concept of constant change in our selves, meaning I'm
a physically different person from the one I was years ago.
Today, I often wonder: Am I a story that's constantly being written? people have debated this for a long time,
with ancient Greeks arguing whether a thing's true essence lies in its unchanging nature or its ongoing development.
Plato believed that natural science focuses on the changing physical world, while philosophy, using
intelligence and reason, explored the change less eternal (永恒). For instance, veterinary science studies growing
dogs, but philosophers question the idea of “Dog” itself.
Aristotle agreed that science explains what we see but argued that the material universe is in constant
change. He believed change is part of the true nature of things and your virtue is about who you're turning into, not
a fixed identity. As such, becoming was his focus, rather than some perfect invisible being.
So, which is your view, and how does that guide the way you live? None of this is to say the choice between
Platonism and Aristotelianism is absolute. We all have some unchanging characteristics, and we also change in
many ways. The philosophical perspective you adopt will depend on how you principally define yourself and what
you choose to pay attention to as you move through the world.
Are you more like a Platonist or an Aristotelian? It depends on whether you see yourself as having a fixed
identity or a changing story. Today’s culture often pushes you to be a Platonist, defining yourself as a certain type
of person. This can make you a repeat customer and give you a sense of belonging. But it might also keep you in
situations you don't like. Being more like an Aristotelian can set you free.
1．What did the author tell us about our cells in Paragraph 1?
A．The unchanging nature of our souls.
B．The ongoing transformation of our bodies.
C．The belief that our science and nature do not change.
D．The idea that we are the same person through our lives.
2．According to Aristotle, what is the focus of understanding a dog?
A．Its unchanging nature. B．Its determined essence.
C．Its stable identity. D．Its continuous development.
3．How does modem culture tend to influence personal identity, according to the text?
A．By pushing people to de fin c themselves into fix cd identities.
B．By suggesting that personal identity will be a mystery forever.C．By encouraging individuals to accept constant change and growth.
D．By promoting that individual identity is deter min cd by belongings.
4．Which of the following could be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．Plate v. s. Aristotle: the Battle of Ideas.
B．The Philosophical Outlook: A Defined Personality.
C．Becoming v. s. Being: Viewpoint on Personal Identity.
D．The Unchanging Universe: A Philosophical Dilemma.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨关于个人身份的两种不同观点，即柏拉图主义强调不变的本质和固
定身份，亚里士多德主义注重持续变化和发展，并分析了这两种观点对人们理解自我和生活方式的影响，
同时指出现代文化对个人身份认知的影响。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Growing up, my older brother, a science enthusiast, shared fascinating facts with
me, like how our cells are completely new every seven years. This idea highlighted the concept of constant change
in our selves, meaning I'm a physically different person from the one I was years ago. (在成长过程中，我的哥哥
是一个科学爱好者，他和我分享了一些有趣的事实，比如我们的细胞每七年就会更新一次。这个想法强调
了我们自我不断变化的概念，这意味着我的身体与几年前的我不同。) ”可知，作者提到细胞每七年完全更
新一次，强调了我们自身的不断变化，故推断作者想告诉的是我们身体在持续转变。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Aristotle agreed that science explains what we see but argued that the material
universe is in constant change. He believed change is part of the true nature of things and your virtue is about who
you're turning into, not a fixed identity. As such, becoming was his focus, rather than some perfect invisible being.
(亚里士多德同意科学可以解释我们所看到的，但他认为物质世界是不断变化的。他相信改变是事物本质的
一部分，你的美德是关于你要变成什么样的人，而不是一个固定的身份。因此，成为是他关注的焦点，而
不是某个完美的无形存在。) ”可知，亚里士多德认为物质宇宙处于不断变化中，变化是事物的本质，他关
注的是 “成为”（变化）而不是固定的东西。所以理解一只狗的重点是它的持续发展。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Are you more like a Platonist or an Aristotelian? It depends on whether you see
yourself as having a fixed identity or a changing story. Today's culture often pushes you to be a Platonist, defining
yourself as a certain type of person. (你是柏拉图主义者还是亚里士多德主义者？这取决于你认为自己是一个
固定的身份还是一个不断变化的故事。今天的文化常常促使你成为柏拉图主义者，把自己定义为某种类型
的人。) ”可知，现代文化常常促使人们成为柏拉图主义者，将自己定义为某种类型的人，也就是把自己定
义为固定的身份。故选A。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，可知文章主要讨论了柏拉图和亚里士多德对于事物本质的不同观点，柏拉图
认为哲学探索不变的永恒，而亚里士多德认为变化是事物的本质，然后延伸到个人身份，探讨了我们是具
有固定身份（Being）还是一个不断变化的故事（Becoming），所以C选项“成为与存在：关于个人身份
的观点”符合文章大意，适合作标题，故选C。
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
365 人生与自我改变不必强求 议论文 细节理解 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界观、人生
走直线，适时变通、适配 观和价值观的高考导向。
推理判断
环境才是最优路径
I’ll be honest: I’m not a science guy. Physics, for me, was mostly a fog of equations I tried to survive in
school. But while reading Life 3.0 by Max Tegmark, I stumbled upon Fermat’s Principle — and it felt less like
physics and more like a life lesson in disguise.
Tegmark explains it with a brilliant analogy. Imagine a lifeguard on a beach spotting a swimmer in trouble.
She doesn’t take the straight line. Why? Because she runs faster on sand than she swims in water. So she runs
farther down the beach first — covering more ground where she’s fast — then dives into the water at an angle. That
bent, two-part path is the fastest. Light does the same: bending as it enters water, following the path of least time,
not least distance.
This is where it clicked. Tegmark writes that the universe often behaves as if it’s optimizing something —
minimizing energy, maximizing efficiency. It felt purposeful. Even if nature has no “goal,” its behaviour is goal-
oriented.
It made me look at my own life. How often do I chase the path that looks shortest, only to find it’s the most
draining? I used to promise myself that I would read an hour daily, which seemed to be the “straight-line” way, But
I burned out by day three. The “Fermat” way is different: start small, reduce friction, bend your path to match the
environment where your progress flows faster. You might run farther on sand before diving in, but you’ll reach your
destination sooner.
The same applies to change. Whenever we try to change something, we often force confrontation: quit cold
turkey, overhaul overnight, fix everything at once. But real change, like light, works better when it bends — when it
adapts to the medium it moves through. Bending differently at work, at home is not weakness but wisdom.
Maybe the key to improving our lives bit by bit isn’t about more force or straight-line speed. Maybe it’s
about paying attention to the medium we’re moving through — our time, mood, health, energy — and adjusting our
angle. Because, as nature shows us, the optimal path is rarely the straight one.1．What did the author think of physics initially?
A．It required genuine curiosity. B．It posed academic challenges.
C．It provided intellectual rewards. D．It contained philosophical insights.
2．What does the lifeguard story in paragraph 2 mainly explain?
A．The necessity of training for lifeguards. B．The methods of calculating running speed.
C．The mechanism of light refraction in water. D．The difference between jogging and swimming.
3．What sets the “Fermat” way apart from the author’s prior way?
A．Allowing minute changes. B．Highlighting direct methods.
C．Demanding strong willpower. D．Advocating dramatic progress.
4．Which of the following does the author most probably agree with?
A．Go with the flow. B．No pains, no gains.
C．A rolling stone gathers no moss. D．Still water runs deep.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇哲理散文。文章主要讲述作者从费马原理中获得启示，指出人生与自我改变不必强求
走直线，适时变通、适配环境才是最优路径。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I’ll be honest: I’m not a science guy. Physics, for me, was mostly a fog of
equations I tried to survive in school.(说实话，我并不是个理科达人。上学时，物理对我来说就是一堆晦涩难
懂的公式，我只是勉强应付)”可知，作者最初认为物理充满难懂的公式，是学业上的难题。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Tegmark explains it with a brilliant analogy. Imagine a lifeguard on a beach
spotting a swimmer in trouble. She doesn’t take the straight line. Why? Because she runs faster on sand than she
swims in water. So she runs farther down the beach first — covering more ground where she’s fast — then dives
into the water at an angle. That bent, two-part path is the fastest. Light does the same: bending as it enters water,
following the path of least time, not least distance.(泰格马克用一个绝妙的类比解释了这个原理。想象海滩上
的救生员发现有人溺水，她不会走直线。为什么？因为她在沙滩上奔跑的速度，远比在水中游泳快。所以
她会先沿着沙滩多跑一段——在自己速度快的地方多赶路——再斜着冲入水中。这条弯折的、分两段的路
线，才是最快的路径。光也是如此：射入水中时会发生折射，遵循的是耗时最短的路径，而非距离最短)”
可知，作者用救生员的故事类比解释光在水中的折射原理。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The “Fermat” way is different: start small, reduce friction, bend your path to
match the environment where your progress flows faster.(而“费马式”的方法截然不同：从小处着手，减少阻
碍，调整路线去适配那些能让你进步更快的环境)”可知，“费马式”方法与作者之前的方式不同之处在于
从小处着手，允许微小的改变。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Maybe the key to improving our lives bit by bit isn’t about more force or
straight-line speed. Maybe it’s about paying attention to the medium we’re moving through— our time, mood,
health, energy— and adjusting our angle. Because, as nature shows us, the optimal path is rarely the straight one.
(或许，一步步让生活变好的关键，不在于用更大力气，也不在于追求直线式的速度。而在于关注我们身处
的“环境介质”—— 我们的时间、心情、健康与精力，并适时调整自己的角度。因为大自然早已告诉我
们：最优的路径，从来都不是直线)”可知，作者认为人生与自我改变应像费马原理一样，适时变通、适配
环境、顺势而为，而非强行走直线。故选A。
三、宇宙观
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
394 哲学家对于宇宙的认知和 议论文 细节理解 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界观、人生观
信息时代下对于宇宙争论 和价值观的高考导向。
推理判断
的看法
猜测词义
主旨大意
The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation
hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a
concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably
never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.
The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that
are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in
structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world
is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one
knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality,
reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural
and psychological histories. Again, a black box.
So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer
simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the
universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world,
we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the
universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics.Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information
processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the
universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of
particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries.
And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.
It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the
“computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.
1．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis?
A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument.
C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison.
2．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by.
3．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________.
A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving
4．It is implied in this passage that we should _________.
A．compare the current models with the previous ones
B．continue exploring the classical models in history
C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation
D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的
看法。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results
that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take
seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can,
instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是
计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们
可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假
说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal
reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychologicalhistories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我
们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and
words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，
与determined by意义相近。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of
things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind
plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可
知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发
挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never
know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知
道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的
论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an
output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more
tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算
输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我
们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building
previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely
rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将
是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇
宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
399 人类存在的意义及其与宇 议论文 细节理解 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界观、人生观
宙的关系 和价值观的高考导向。
推理判断
猜测词义
Nietzsche (尼采) was wrong: When you gaze long enough into the abyss (深渊), the abyss does not gaze
back into you. Instead, the cosmic void (黑洞) remains silent, relentless and frightening in its vastness.
When looking at the vast emptiness of the universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny worldwith nihilism. To feel that our great achievements amount to nothing. That our history fails to leave a mark. That
our concerns and anxieties are pointless.
I’m a cosmologist, the kind of scientist who studies the origin, history and evolution of the universe. I have
spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us. And in the course of my studies, I have learned to
reject that temptation.
It’s true that Earth is neither large nor long-lived, but that is only one way of measuring significance.
Compared with the cosmic voids, there is something special happening on our planet. Earth is still the only known
place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only
known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only
known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that
make us human aren’t meaningless. The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the
empty expanse of most of the universe
The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The
presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss
is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation.
Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters.
Artists have long understood the power of the void. The 12th-century poet Saigyo noted that the pauses
between raindrops were as important as the drops themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the utility of
negative spaces, proclaiming, “Where there is nothing, everything is possible.”
The universe won’t do anything for us except give us the freedom to exist. It is our job to fill the universe
with meaning and purpose.
1．What does the underlined word “nihilism” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Hope. B．Admiration. C．Meaninglessness. D．Purpose
2．Why does the author reject the temptation?
A．He is a cosmologist who believes science.
B．Earth is the only place for human experiences.
C．Human experiences differ from those in voids.
D．Earth is special because it is small and short-lived
3．What is the author doing in paragraph 5?
A．Explaining how voids in life offer meaning.
B．Stating that voids in life should be avoided.C．Criticizing the role of voids in universe and life.
D．Arguing voids should be filed for more meaning.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To clarify Nietzsche’s philosophy.
B．To explore the unique significance of voids.
C．To report a scientific study of cosmic voids.
D．To criticize passive views on human achievements.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过理性论证和感性表达，探讨人类存在的意义及其与宇宙的关系。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“To feel that our great achievements amount to nothing. That our history fails
to leave a mark. That our concerns and anxieties are pointless.(感到我们的伟大成就毫无价值。我们的历史没有
留下痕迹。我们的担心和焦虑是毫无意义的)”可知，和浩瀚无垠的宇宙相比，我们这个渺小的世界是无意
义的。由此推知，划线词nihilism应是“无意义”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“It’s true that Earth is neither large nor long-lived, but that is only one way of
measuring significance. Compared with the cosmic voids, there is something special happening on our planet. Earth
is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and
wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love,
anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the
beautiful complexities that make us human aren’t meaningless. The experiences in our lives are special because
they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe.(没错，地球既不大也不长，但这只是衡量
意义的一种方式。与宇宙的空洞相比，我们的星球上发生了一些特别的事情。地球仍然是整个宇宙中唯一
已知的地方，在那里有意识的人类抬起他们好奇的眼睛仰望天空并感到惊奇。地球是唯一已知的人类可以
生存的地方。这是我们所知的唯一存在欢笑、爱、愤怒和喜悦的地方。这里是我们唯一能找到舞蹈、音乐
和艺术的地方。我们的分歧和所有使我们成为人类的美丽的复杂性并非毫无意义。我们生命中的经历是特
别的，因为它们永远不会发生在宇宙的大部分空间里)”可知，地球是人类唯一能体验的地方，所以作者拒
绝这种诱惑。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段“The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter
in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The
pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full
of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters.(宇宙虚空教给我们的同样道理，也可以在我们自己生活中遇到的虚空中找到。空洞的存在保证了相反的结
果；它们创造了对比；他们充满了潜力。我们因失去亲人而感到的痛苦，是对深爱生命的礼物的最后提醒。
演出前的寂静中充满了令人兴奋的期待。我们选择忽略有压力的新闻是必要的，这样我们才能专注于真正
重要的事情)”可推知，作者在本段解释生活中的空虚如何带来意义。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nietzsche (尼采) was wrong: When you gaze long enough into the abyss (深渊),
the abyss does not gaze back into you. Instead, the cosmic void (黑洞) remains silent, relentless and frightening in
its vastness.(尼采错了：当你凝视深渊的时间足够长时，深渊不会回望你。相反，宇宙的虚空在它的浩瀚中
保持着沉默、无情和可怕)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讨论了尽管宇宙的虚空和广阔可能让人感到渺小
和无意义，但地球上的生命和人类体验具有独特的意义。由此推知，本文目的是探讨虚空的独特意义。故
选B项。
四、思想与心灵
押题
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
390 心灵与思想的比喻，即心 议论文 细节理解 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界观、人生观
灵如花园，思想如种子， 和价值观的高考导向。
推理判断
收获可为鲜花或杂草
主旨大意
William Wordsworth's metaphor, “Your mind is the garden, your thoughts are the seeds. The harvest can
either be flowers or weeds,” resonates with the idea that our mental landscape is similar to a garden, where the
seeds of our thoughts determine the nature of our lives. This concept suggests that the way we nurture our thoughts
can significantly impact our personal development and success.
Our thoughts are the seeds that, when nurtured with care, can blossom into the flowers of success and
happiness. Conversely, neglecting the cultivation of our thoughts can lead to a life overgrown with the weeds of
failure and despair. To ensure our minds bear the fruits of our desires, it's crucial to prepare the soil of our minds
with the nutrients of education, health, and effective time management. These elements enrich our mental
landscape, providing the ideal environment for our ambitions to take root and flourish.
The principle of sowing and reaping (收获) is as true for our lives as it is for a garden. Just as a gardener
who plants tomatoes expects tomatoes, we should anticipate that the intentional cultivation of our thoughts will
yield a corresponding harvest in life. Each of us holds the power to choose which seeds to plant, and thus, the
responsibility for the outcomes we reap.Moreover, the impact of our thoughts extends beyond personal success; they also influence our relationships
and societal contributions. Kind thoughts and actions can foster harmony and cooperation, while negative thoughts
can lead to conflict and isolation. The choice to plant seeds of empathy and understanding can result in a life
enriched by strong social bonds and a sense of community. Additionally, our thoughts can shape our resilience in
the face of adversity, as optimistic thinking can guide us through challenges, whereas pessimism may hinder our
ability to overcome obstacles.
Drawing everything together, the garden of our mind requires deliberate tending. By selecting and nurturing
positive thoughts, and by preparing the conditions for their growth, we can harvest a life rich with the fulfillment of
our goals and dreams. The choice is ours: to plant the seeds of potential or to let the garden lie fallow (休耕). It is
through this conscious cultivation that we can transform our minds from a plot overgrown with weeds into a garden
blooming with the flowers of success and the fruits of meaningful contributions to society. The power to shape our
destiny lies within us, and it begins with the thoughts we choose to plant today.
1．How does the author illustrate the concept of mental preparation in paragraph 1?
A．By relating it to the achievement of personal goals.
B．By emphasizing the importance of seeds of thoughts.
C．By associating it with the management of natural conditions.
D．By comparing it to the process of gardening and seed nurturing.
2．What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A．Life outcomes are decided in advance.
B．Life outcomes come from desires.
C．Cultivating thoughts shapes life outcomes.
D．Cultivating thoughts relies on life outcomes.
3．What is the main idea of paragraph 4?
A．The power of thoughts in shaping our lives.
B．The importance of personal success in society.
C．The role of empathy in building a strong community.
D．The effect of optimism on overcoming life's challenges.
4．What conclusion can we draw from the text?
A．We cannot change our destiny. B．Cultivating positive thoughts matters.
C．Personal goals depend on social impact. D．Our thoughts can directly lead to success.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了威廉·华兹华斯关于心灵与思想的比喻，即心灵如花园，思想如种
子，收获可为鲜花或杂草，以此论述我们培育思想的方式对个人发展、成功、人际关系及社会贡献的影响，
强调培育积极思想对塑造人生的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“William Wordsworth's metaphor, “Your mind is the garden, your thoughts are the
seeds. The harvest can either be flowers or weeds,” resonates with the idea that our mental landscape is similar to a
garden, where the seeds of our thoughts determine the nature of our lives. This concept suggests that the way we
nurture our thoughts can significantly impact our personal development and success.(威廉·华兹华斯的比喻，
“你的心灵是花园，你的思想是种子。收获可以是鲜花，也可以是杂草”，与我们的精神世界类似于花园
这一观点相呼应，在这个花园里，我们思想的种子决定了我们生活的本质。这个概念表明，我们培育思想
的方式会对我们的个人发展和成功产生重大影响)”可知，作者将心灵比作花园，思想比作种子，通过把培
育思想与园艺和培育种子的过程相比较，来说明心理准备的概念。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The principle of sowing and reaping (收获) is as true for our lives as it is for a
garden. Just as a gardener who plants tomatoes expects tomatoes, we should anticipate that the intentional
cultivation of our thoughts will yield a corresponding harvest in life.(播种与收获的原则在我们的生活中如同在
花园里一样真实。就像种西红柿的园丁期待收获西红柿，我们应该预料到，有意识地培育我们的思想会在
生活中产生相应的收获)”可知，如同在花园中播种会有相应收获，在生活中培育思想也会带来相应结果，
即培育思想塑造生活结果。故选C项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Moreover, the impact of our thoughts extends beyond personal success; they also
influence our relationships and societal contributions. Kind thoughts and actions can foster harmony and
cooperation, while negative thoughts can lead to conflict and isolation. The choice to plant seeds of empathy and
understanding can result in a life enriched by strong social bonds and a sense of community. Additionally, our
thoughts can shape our resilience in the face of adversity, as optimistic thinking can guide us through challenges,
whereas pessimism may hinder our ability to overcome obstacles.(此外，我们思想的影响超出个人成功；它们
还影响我们的人际关系和社会贡献。友善的思想和行动能促进和谐与合作，而消极的思想会导致冲突和孤
立。选择种下同理心和理解的种子，可以让生活因牢固的社会关系和社区意识而丰富。此外，我们的思想
能塑造我们面对逆境时的韧性，乐观的思维能引导我们度过挑战，而悲观主义可能会阻碍我们克服障碍的
能力)”可知，该段阐述了思想在个人成功、人际关系、社会贡献以及面对逆境等方面的影响，即思想在塑
造我们生活方面的力量。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Drawing everything together, the garden of our mind requires deliberate
tending. By selecting and nurturing positive thoughts, and by preparing the conditions for their growth, we canharvest a life rich with the fulfillment of our goals and dreams. The choice is ours: to plant the seeds of potential or
to let the garden lie fallow (休耕). It is through this conscious cultivation that we can transform our minds from a
plot overgrown with weeds into a garden blooming with the flowers of success and the fruits of meaningful
contributions to society. The power to shape our destiny lies within us, and it begins with the thoughts we choose to
plant today.(综上所述，我们心灵的花园需要精心照料。通过选择和培育积极的思想，并为它们的成长准备
条件，我们可以收获一个充满目标和梦想实现的人生。选择权在我们手中：是种下潜力的种子，还是让花
园休耕。正是通过这种有意识的培育，我们才能将我们的心灵从一片杂草丛生的土地转变为一个绽放着成
功之花、结出对社会有意义贡献之果的花园。塑造我们命运的力量在我们自己手中，它始于我们今天选择
种下的思想)”可知，通过培育积极思想，我们能收获丰富人生，塑造命运，即培育积极思想很重要。故选
B项。
五、哲学与思考
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
371 哲学的抽象而复杂的理念 说明文 细节理解 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界观、人生观
往往是通过一个个有趣的 和价值观的高考导向。
推理判断
小故事的形式体现的
主旨大意
Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring way. The ideals for most
philosophical writing are precision, clarity, and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves no hair un-split.
There is nothing wrong with clarity, precision, and the like — but this isn’t the only way to do philosophy.
Outside academic journals, abstract philosophical ideas are often expressed through literature, cinema, and song.
There’s nothing that grabs attention like a good story, and there are some great philosophical stories that delight and
engage, rather than putting the reader to sleep.
One of the great things about this is that, unlike formal philosophy, which tries to be very clear, stories don’t
wear their meanings on their sleeve — they require interpretation, and often express conflicting ideas for the reader
to wrestle with.
Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics (形而上学) of race — an area of philosophy that explorers
the question of whether or not race is real. There are three main positions that you can take on these questions. You
might think that a person’s race is written in their genes (a position known as “biological realism”). Or you might
think of race as socially real, like days of the week or currencies (“social constructionism”). Finally, you mightthink that races are unreal — that they’re more like leprechauns (一种魔法精灵) than they are like Thursdays or
dollars (“anti-realism”).
A great example of a story with social constructionist taking on race is George Schuyler’s novel Black No
More. In the book, a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes Black people visually
indistinguishable from Whites. Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman’s Black No More clinics and
pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure. White racists can no longer distinguish those people who
are “really” White from those who merely appear to be White. In a final episode, Crookman discovers that new
Whites are actually a whiter shade of pale than those who were born that way, which kicks off a trend of sunbathing
to darken one’s skin-darkening it so as to look more While.
Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to life. They are stories to think with.
1．What does the author think of philosophical stories?
A．The meaning behind is very obvious.
B．They are extremely precise and formal.
C．They often cause conflicts among readers.
D．They are engaging and inspire critical thinking.
2．Which category might “Christmas” fall into according to paragraph 4?
A．Social constructionism. B．Anti-realism.
C．Biological realism. D．Literary realism.
3．What is Black No More in paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．Racial issues caused by skin colors.
B．A society view on race and self-image.
C．Black people accepted by the white society.
D．The origin of sun bathing among white people.
4．What is the best title of the text?
A．Stories Made Easy B．Stories to Think with
C．Positions in Philosophy D．Nature of Philosophical Writing
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了哲学的抽象而复杂的理念往往是通过一个个有趣的小故事的
形式体现的，它会启发读者思考。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“There’s nothing that grabs attention like a good story, and there are some great
philosophical stories that delight and engage, rather than putting the reader to sleep.(没有什么能像一个好故事那样吸引人的注意力，有一些伟大的哲学故事会让读者感到愉悦和吸引人，而不是让读者昏昏欲睡)”以及第
三段“One of the great things about this is that, unlike formal philosophy, which tries to be very clear, stories don’t
wear their meanings on their sleeve — they require interpretation, and often express conflicting ideas for the reader
to wrestle with.(这其中最重要的一点是，与形式哲学不同的是，故事并不会把自己的意思挂在明面上——
它们需要解释，而且常常表达出相互矛盾的观点，让读者纠结)”可知，哲学故事可以使读者有参与感和激
发批判性思维。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics (形而上学) of race — an area of
philosophy that explorers the question of whether or not race is real. There are three main positions that you can
take on these questions. You might think that a person’s race is written in their genes (a position known as
“biological realism”). Or you might think of race as socially real, like days of the week or currencies (“social
constructionism”). Finally, you might think that races are unreal — that they’re more like leprechauns (一种魔法精
灵) than they are like Thursdays or dollars (“anti-realism”).(让我们来考虑一下哲学家所称之为种族的形而上学
——这是探究种族是否真实的哲学问题。关于这个问题，你可能持有三个主要观点。你可能认为一个人的
种族写在他们的基因中(被称为“生物现实主义”)。或者，你可能认为种族是社会上真实存在的，就像星
期几或货币一样(“社会建构主义”)。最后，你可能认为种族是虚幻的——它们更像一种魔法精灵而不是星
期四或美元(“反现实主义”))”可知，Christmas为一个节日，是社会的共有认知，应属于“社会建构主义”。
故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段“A great example of a story with social constructionist taking on race is George
Schuyler’s novel Black No More. In the book, a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes
Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites. Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman’s Black
No More clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure. White racists can no longer
distinguish those people who are “really” White from those who merely appear to be White. In a final episode,
Crookman discovers that new Whites are actually a whiter shade of pale than those who were born that way, which
kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one’s skin-darkening it so as to look more While.(一个以社会建构主义
观点来探讨种族问题的精彩例子是乔治·斯库勒的小说《不再是黑人》。在这本书中，一位名叫克鲁克曼的
黑人科学家发明了一种让黑人在外貌上无法与白人区分的程序。成千上万的非洲裔美国人蜂拥而至克鲁克
曼的“黑不再”诊所，并付出辛苦赚来的钱去接受手术。白人种族主义者再也无法区分那些“真正”的白
人和那些只是表面上看起来像白人的人。在最后的一集中，克鲁克曼发现新的白人实际上比天生如此的白
人更白，从而引发了一个晒太阳变黑肤色的潮流，以使自己看起来更白皙)”可知，白人种族主义者再也无
法区分那些“真正”是白人的人和那些只是看起来像白人的人。在最后一集中，克鲁克曼发现新的白人实际上比那些生来是白人的人更白，这开启了日光浴使皮肤变黑的趋势——使其变黑，以便看起来不那么白。
这段是关于种族和自我形象的社会观。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring
way. The ideals for most philosophical writing are precision, clarity, and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves
no hair un-split.(哲学家以枯燥乏味的方式表达自己而臭名昭著。大多数哲学作品的理想是精确、清晰，以
及那种不留痕迹的概念分析)”以及最后一段“Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to
life. They are stories to think with.(像这样富有哲理的故事给生活带来了更多的技术作品。它们是用来思考的
故事)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了哲学的抽象而复杂的理念往往是通过一个个有趣的小故事的形
式体现的，它会启发读者思考，所以B项“Stories to Think with(可供思考的故事)”是本文最好的标题。故
选B项。
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
382 哲学思想在现实世界中的 说明文 推理判断 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界观、人生观
重要性 和价值观的高考导向。
主旨大意
When you have several million dollars more than you need, you could choose to spend it as you like within
legal limits, donate it to charity, or support organizations dedicated to reducing existential risks. Such questions,
have long been at the heart of philosophical exploration. However, the open secret of philosophy is that these
efforts rarely give clear answers. Different ethical systems offer different and often opposing guidance on what we
ought to do, making moral questions always causing much argument.
The history of philosophy is full of attempts to make these issues clear. Yet, when it comes to real-life moral
problems, there is no agreement. Some philosophers have tried to find common ground between these different
ethical systems. Among them, Derek Parfit, one of the most famous philosophers in the past fifty years, spent the
second half of his life trying to make these differences harmonious.
Parfit believed that people have reasons to act morally that exist outside of their personal beliefs or
knowledge. For example, if one can ease others’ suffering without much personal cost, moral duty requires action.
In contrast, Bernard Williams argued that moral reasons come from personal desires. People don’t have a reason to
do something they don’t want to do, because personal preference is key to the idea of “having a reason.”
Peter Singer told a story about a child drowning in a shallow pond. It seems very clear that not saving the
child just to keep a pair of trainers clean is wrong. But like all moral thinking, people can question or refuse the
logic behind such arguments, no matter how strong they seem.Parfit’s problem came from how different ethical systems couldn’t be made to agree. If philosophical
methods can’t solve these differences, conflicts in real life will continue. As Karl Popper said, “If we are too
tolerant even of those who are not tolerant, then the tolerant people will be harmed, and tolerance will be lost with
them.” This shows how philosophical ideas matter in the real world, suggesting that even the best philosophical
concepts may sometimes need to be protected.
It’s no wonder that Parfit felt hopeless about his limited success in making these ethical differences
harmonious. What’s surprising is that more philosophers don’t feel the same sense of urgency and frustration.
1．What is the central idea of the first paragraph?
A．Ways to legally spend extra money.
B．The popularity of giving money to charity.
C．The nature of philosophical questions about moral choices.
D．The importance of supporting organizations that reduce risks.
2．Which of the following best describes Parfit’s view on moral action?
A．People should act morally when it is objectively reasonable.
B．Personal cost is the main factor in making moral decisions.
C．Moral actions depend on personal. beliefs.
D．Personal desires decide moral actions.
3．What does Karl Popper’s statement mean?
A．Tolerance should never be limited.
B．People who are not tolerant should be removed.
C．Being too tolerant can lead to the end of tolerance.
D．Philosophical ideas can protect themselves in the real world.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards Parfit’s pursuit?
A．Rude and teasing. B．Admiring and understanding.
C．Doubting and disapproving. D．Uninterested and cold.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讨论了哲学中关于道德选择的难题，介绍了不同哲学家对于道德行为的不
同观点，并指出即使哲学方法不能解决这些分歧，现实生活中的冲突仍将继续，强调了哲学思想在现实世
界中的重要性。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Such questions, have long been at the heart of philosophical exploration.
However, the open secret of philosophy is that these efforts rarely give clear answers. Different ethical systemsoffer different and often opposing guidance on what we ought to do, making moral questions always causing much
argument.(这些问题长期以来一直是哲学探索的核心。然而，哲学的公开秘密是，这些努力很少能给出明确
的答案。不同的伦理体系对我们应该做什么提供了不同且常常相互矛盾的指导，这使得道德问题总是引起
很多争论。)”可知，第一段的中心思想是关于道德选择的哲学问题的本质。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Parfit believed that people have reasons to act morally that exist outside of their
personal beliefs or knowledge. For example, if one can ease others’ suffering without much personal cost, moral
duty requires action.(Parfit认为，人们有道德行为的理由，这些理由存在于他们的个人信仰或知识之外。例
如，如果一个人能够在不付出太多个人代价的情况下减轻他人的痛苦，那么道德责任就要求他采取行
动。)”可知，Parfit认为当道德行为在客观上是合理的时，人们应该采取道德行为。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“As Karl Popper said, “If we are too tolerant even of those who are not
tolerant, then the tolerant people will be harmed, and tolerance will be lost with them.” This shows how
philosophical ideas matter in the real world, suggesting that even the best philosophical concepts may sometimes
need to be protected.(正如Karl Popper所说，“如果我们甚至对那些不容忍的人过于宽容，那么宽容的人就
会受到伤害，宽容也会随之消失。”这显示了哲学思想在现实世界中的重要性，表明即使是最好的哲学概
念有时也需要得到保护。)”可知，Karl Popper的话的意思是过于宽容会导致宽容的终结。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Among them, Derek Parfit, one of the most famous philosophers in the past fifty
years, spent the second half of his life trying to make these differences harmonious.(其中，Derek Parfit是近50年
来最著名的哲学家之一，他的后半生一直在努力调和这些差异)”和最后一段“It’s no wonder that Parfit felt
hopeless about his limited success in making these ethical differences harmonious. What’s surprising is that more
philosophers don’t feel the same sense of urgency and frustration.(难怪Parfit对自己在调和这些道德差异方面取
得的有限成功感到绝望。令人惊讶的是，更多的哲学家并没有感到同样的紧迫感和挫败感。)”可知，作者
认为Derek Parfit是近50年来最著名的科学家，并对他“在调和这些道德差异方面取得的有限成功感到绝
望”表示理解。由此推知，作者对Parfit的追求持钦佩和理解的态度。故选B。
押题3
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
370 植物养护与哲学之间存在 议论文 推理判断 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界观、人生观
的紧密联系 和价值观的高考导向。
主旨大意
A few weeks ago I bought two sunflowers. After giving them the water they had clearly missed in the shop, I
started reflecting on how closely plant care and philosophy are connected. The two, I realized, share more thanmeets the eye.
You care for plants, and enjoy the life that develops thanks to your care, but the process is never finished. It
continues until the plant completes its life cycle and then starts all over again. Philosophy works in the same way:
new ideas, insights and perspectives are constantly emerging from the care taken with existing ideas. So just as
plants grow and bloom, philosophical thinking is an ongoing process of becoming which never really reaches an
end point. But it is precisely this constant thinking that keeps us focused and stimulates our creativity.
Philosophical thinking, like caring for plants, also has its own pace and requires patience. While we think,
little seems to be happening. The thinker seems to lose himself in reasoning. In this he is like the gardener who also
plays a largely passive role between sowing and harvesting. The gardener can do little but wait, observe-and
perhaps attend to his own thoughts. His strong urge for activity does not help him. As Martin Heidegger's
philosophy suggests, true waiting is without expectation, an attitude of openness to Being itself.
Furthermore, both gardening and philosophy are far from useful in the traditional understanding of the word.
There’s little immediate economic benefit in watering house plants. The same goes for philosophy: there is no
visible productivity associated with it-unless, like me, you suffer from a case of “obsessive (痴迷的) book buying
disorder”, which might have some economic value.
This simple moment in the garden reveals a fundamental insight: nurturing (养护) plants is an exploration of
pure existence! Moreover, the form of plant reality is constantly changing, in a constant cycle of growth, flowering,
and decay (腐烂) . Yet behind this constant process of becoming, there may also be a permanent being. We also
find this tension between becoming and being in philosophy.
So even watering plants raises more questions than you might think. But isn't questioning precisely the
nature of both philosophy, and life itself?
1．Why does the author compare plant care with philosophy?
A．They aim for precise results. B．They involve ongoing process.
C．They require regular reflection. D．They meet constant challenges.
2．What does the metaphor of the gardener tell us?
A．Hard work pays off. B．You harvest what you expect.
C．Nature has its own course. D．Experience is the best teacher.
3．How does the author sound when talking about his book buying habit?
A．Humorous. B．Critical. C．Guilty. D．Hopeful.
4．What does the author suggest readers should do?
A．Ask more questions. B．Grow more houseplants.C．Find clear answers about life. D．Teach others about philosophy.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过自己购买并照料向日葵的经历，阐述了植物养护与哲学之间存在的
紧密联系。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“You care for plants, and enjoy the life that develops thanks to your care, but the
process is never finished. It continues until the plant completes its life cycle and then starts all over again.
Philosophy works in the same way: new ideas, insights and perspectives are constantly emerging from the care
taken with existing ideas. So just as plants grow and bloom, philosophical thinking is an ongoing process of
becoming which never really reaches an end point.(你照料植物，并享受因你的照料而生长的生命，但这个过
程永远不会结束。它会一直持续，直到植物完成它的生命周期，然后又重新开始。哲学也是如此：新的想
法、见解和观点不断地从对现有想法的关注中涌现出来。所以，就像植物生长和开花一样，哲学思考是一
个不断发展的过程，永远不会真正到达终点)”可推知，作者将植物养护与哲学作比较是因为它们都涉及持
续的过程。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The thinker seems to lose himself in reasoning. In this he is like the gardener who
also plays a largely passive role between sowing and harvesting. The gardener can do little but wait, observe—and
perhaps attend to his own thoughts. His strong urge for activity does not help him. As Martin Heidegger's
philosophy suggests, true waiting is without expectation, an attitude of openness to Being itself.(思考者似乎在推
理中迷失了自我。在这方面，他就像园丁一样，在播种和收获之间扮演着很大程度上的被动角色。园丁除
了等待、观察——也许还要关注自己的思想，几乎无能为力。他强烈的行动冲动对他没有帮助。正如马
丁・海德格尔的哲学所暗示的，真正的等待是没有期待的，是一种对存在本身开放的态度)” 可推知，园丁
的隐喻告诉我们自然有其自身的发展过程，人类不应过度干预，而应保持耐心和开放的态度。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The same goes for philosophy: there is no visible productivity associated with it
—unless, like me, you suffer from a case of “obsessive (痴迷的) book buying disorder”, which might have some
economic value.(哲学也是如此：它没有明显的生产力——除非，像我一样，你患有 “痴迷买书症”，这可
能有一些经济价值)”作者把自己痴迷买书的行为戏称为 “痴迷买书症”，用一种诙谐的方式来表达，并且
以一种调侃的语气说这可能有经济价值，由此可推断作者谈论自己买书习惯时听起来是幽默的。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段 “So even watering plants raises more questions than you might think. But isn't
questioning precisely the nature of both philosophy, and life itself? (所以，即使是给植物浇水也会引发比你想象
中更多的问题。但提问不正是哲学和生活本身的本质吗？)”可推知，作者认为提问是哲学和生活的本质，
因此作者建议读者应该提出更多问题。故选A。六、哲学与真理
押题
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
368 科学是一个不断学习和发 议论文 推理判断 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界观、人生观
现的过程，科学的真理并 和价值观的高考导向。
主旨大意
不是永恒不变的
细节理解
Some scientists insist that once we discover the truth about the world, we are done. Anyone who denies such
truths, they suggest, is stupid or ignorant (无知的). Well, no. In science, what we do is both hard and, often, hard to
explain. The history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to
discover that these matters needed to be reconsidered. Familiar examples include Earth as the center of the universe
and the stability of continents.
Science is a process of learning and discovery, and sometimes we learn that what we thought was right is
wrong. To say that science is “true” or “permanent” is like saying that “beauty is absolute”. At best, it’s a bit off-key
(不恰当的). The concept of beauty today is very different from what it was in ancient Greece or the Middle Ages,
and so are most of our “laws” of nature.
Other scientists may say scientific findings are true because they use “the scientific method”. But we can
never actually agree on what that method is. Some will say it is observation and description of the world. Others
will say it is the use of experience and experiment. Recently a leading scientist said the scientific method was to
avoid fooling oneself into thinking something is true that is not.
Each of these views has its value, but if the claim is that any one of these is the scientific method, then they
all fail. History and philosophy have shown that the idea of a singular (唯一的) scientific method is unscientific. In
fact, the methods of science have varied between disciplines and across time. Scientists have bitterly argued about
which methods are the best, and, as we all know, bitter arguments rarely get resolved.
In my view, science is not simple, and neither is the natural world. Our efforts to understand and explain the
natural world are just that: efforts.
Because we’re human, we often fall flat. The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up,
brush ourselves off, and get back to work. Understanding the world we live in, and using that knowledge to do
useful things, is its own reward.
1．According to paragraph 1, what is considered as truth in science________.A．may have lasting value B．may need re-examining
C．should be known to all D．should not be rejected
2．Why does the author mention “beauty” in paragraph 2?
A．To raise a question. B．To make a prediction.
C．To illustrate an idea. D．To propose a solution.
3．What does the author think of the methods of science?
A．They shouldn’t be used to fool the public.
B．They rely heavily on observation and description.
C．They seldom cause arguments among scientists.
D．They shouldn’t be limited to a single method.
4．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Efforts in Science: Dreaming Big. B．Science: Endless Journey to Truth.
C．Scientists: Defenders of Science. D．Scientific Method: Simple Choice.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要论述了科学的本质，即科学是一个不断学习和发现的过程，科学的真
理并不是永恒不变的，而科学的方法也不应该局限于一种单一的方法，而是需要不断地探索和发展。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists
thought they had resolved, only to discover that these matters needed to be reconsidered.(科学史上有很多例子表
明，科学家们认为他们已经解决的问题，结果却发现这些问题需要重新考虑)”可知，在科学中被认为是真
理的可能需要重新审查。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Science is a process of learning and discovery, and sometimes we learn that
what we thought was right is wrong. To say that science is ‘true’ or ‘permanent’ is like saying that ‘beauty is
absolute’.(科学是一个学习和发现的过程，有时我们会发现我们认为正确的东西其实是错误的。说科学
是‘真理’或‘永恒’的，就像说‘美是绝对’的一样)”可知，作者提到“美”是为了说明一个观点，即
科学的真理并不是永恒不变的，就像美的标准也会随着时间而改变一样。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“History and philosophy have shown that the idea of a singular scientific
method is unscientific. In fact, the methods of science have varied between disciplines and across time.(历史和哲
学已经表明，单一的科学方法是不科学的。事实上，科学的方法在不同的学科和不同的时间都有所不同)”
可推知，作者认为科学的方法不应该局限于一种单一的方法。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要论述了科学的本质，即科学是一个不断学习和发现的过程，科
学的真理并不是永恒不变的，而科学的方法也不应该局限于一种单一的方法，而是需要不断地探索和发展，由此可知，选项B“科学：通往真理的无尽之旅”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为本文标题。故选B。
七、哲学与价值观
押题
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
305 价值观 议论文 推理判断 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界观、人生观
和价值观的高考导向。
主旨大意
细节理解
For most of his life, Chuah Kee Man, 34, has lived by the Arabic saying “Man jadda wa jada”. It was taught
to him by a teacher in his schooling years, and means “Only those who work hard will get what they want”.
“I love this, not only because of the meaning, but the fact that the word ‘man’ in the saying reminds me of
myself since my name ends with ‘Man’. So, it’s like an inner voice that reminds me to give my best in everything,
and therefore I live with that philosophy in my life. I am currently a lecturer at University Malaysia Sarawak,
majoring in English Language teaching and Cognitive Linguistics,” explains Chuah.
Asked what the best part about being Malaysian is, he answers: “Being able to learn and embrace the
diversity of cultures, languages and beliefs of the different races living together in Malaysia, without the fear of
losing one‟s own identity. I personally believe I have grown into a unique breed -- of a Malaysian first“ -- whereby
I can speak multiple languages fluently and also appreciate various cultural practices openly.”
Being in Malaysia, Chuah feels that everyone has the right to highlight their differences, even if they come
from different backgrounds.
“We can still come together in sharing some common humanitarian (人道主义) values that we hold in our
respective communities. Living in a rural area of Sarawak, we still share many common national borders and values
and a love for peace and harmony among my family and the people here.”
Chuah concludes: “Even if we disagree on certain things, we still continue to respect each other with the
knowledge that none of us wants to do any harm. Because at the end of the day, we get to know each other more
and become better Malaysians for it.”
1．Why is Chuah fond of the Arabic saying?
A．Because it was taught by his favorite teacher.
B．Because it stresses the importance of setting goals.
C．Because his name has the same meaning as the saying.
D．Because it reminds him to spare no efforts to do things.
2．Which saying can best explain Chuah’s life philosophy?A．Great minds think alike. B．Diligence is the mother of success.
C．Good advice is beyond all price. D．A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.
3．What is the biggest advantage of being Malaysian in Chuah’s opinion?
A．Speaking multiple languages fluently.
B．Having the chance to get all he wants.
C．Being a successful English lecturer easily.
D．Experiencing various cultures without losing one’s own identity.
4．What does Chuah mainly stress in the last two paragraphs?
A．People should hold the same beliefs.
B．It’s unacceptable to disagree on certain things.
C．It’s vital to respect and live in harmony with each other.
D．Sharing common humanitarian values is definitely not easy.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述马来西亚人Chuah的信条为努力方可成就一番事业，以及他作为
马来西亚人的价值观是什么，我们如何更好地求同存异。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段Chuah说的话“I love this, not only because of the meaning, but the fact that the
word ‘man’ in the saying reminds me of myself since my name ends with ‘Man’. So, it’s like an inner voice that
reminds me to give my best in everything, and therefore I live with that philosophy in my life. (我喜欢这句话，不
仅是因为它的含义，而且因为谚语中的“man”一词让我想起了我自己，因为我的名字以“Man”结尾。所以，
这就像是一种内心的声音，提醒我在每件事上都要全力以赴，因此我的生活中一直遵循着这种哲学)”可推
知，Chuah喜欢这句阿拉伯言语的原因是它提醒他做事要不遗余力。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句话“Only those who work hard will get what they want.(只有努力工作
的人才会得到他们想要的)”可知，Chuah信奉的是只有努力工作的人才能得到他们想要的东西。由此可推
知，Chuah的人生哲理是“勤奋是成功之母”。故选B
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Being in Malaysia, Chuah feels that everyone has the right to highlight their
differences, even if they come from different backgrounds.(身在马来西亚，蔡觉得每个人都有权强调自己的差
异，即使他们来自不同的背景)”以及第五段“We can still come together in sharing some common humanitarian
(人道主义) values that we hold in our respective communities. Living in a rural area of Sarawak, we still share
many common national borders and values and a love for peace and harmony among my family and the people
here.(我们仍然可以走到一起，分享我们在各自社区中持有的一些共同的人道主义价值观。生活在砂拉越的
农村地区，我们仍然有许多共同的国家边界和价值观，我的家人和这里的人民热爱和平与和谐)”可知，虽然每个人都不一样，但是我们共享着一样的人道主义价值观。我们有不同，但是可以求同存异。由此在
Chuah看来，作为马来西亚人最大的优势是在不失去自我认同的情况下体验不同的文化。故选D。
4．段落大意题。根据第五段第二句话“Living in a rural area of Sarawak, we still share many common national
borders and values and a love for peace and harmony among my family and the people here.(生活在砂拉越的农村
地区，我们仍然有许多共同的国家边界和价值观，我的家人和这里的人民热爱和平与和谐)”以及第六段
“Even if we disagree on certain things, we still continue to respect each other with the knowledge that none of us
wants to do any harm. Because at the end of the day, we get to know each other more and become better
Malaysians for it.(即使我们在某些事情上存在分歧，我们仍然会继续尊重彼此，因为我们都不想做任何伤害。
因为最终，我们会更多地了解彼此，并因此成为更好的马来西亚人)”可知，Chuah 在最后两段主要强调的
是我们需要在彼此尊重的基础上和谐共处。故选C。
八、哲学与艺术
押题
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
377 文章通过对比哲学与科学、艺术的关 议论文 推理判断 注重以文化人，培育正确的世界
系，强调了哲学在人类理解和探索世 观、人生观和价值观的高考导向。
猜测词义
界中的重要性
细节理解
Earth is a bright spot of value in the universe, partly because it contains human beings who, driven by
curiosity and a non-instrumental desire to address hard questions, engage in philosophy. Philosophical inquiry
makes the entire planet better than it would otherwise be.
Is science better and more significant than philosophy, more central to the specialness of Earth? Of course,
science can extend our lifespans and empower us to transform the environment. But the longevity and power of one
species aren’t what make Earth special. Consider instead, the greatest achievements of science: the Copernican/
Galilean/ Newtonian revolution, Darwin’s theory of natural selection, Einstein’s theory of relativity, quantum
mechanics, breakthroughs in genetics and brain science. These transformed our understanding of the universe and
our place within it. The distinctive value of human science lies in its philosophical strength— its power to guide us
toward the broadest and most foundational questions about ourselves and the universe. Art is the same: at its best, it
goes beyond decoration and amusement, confronting us with the puzzles of human existence. In their most
ambitious forms, the arts and sciences merge into philosophy, expressing our philosophical urges.
A metaphor: as the circle of light expands, so too does the ring of darkness around it. Philosophy lives in thatring of darkness. Within the circle of light lies what is straightforwardly knowable through common sense,
mainstream science or other established methods. In the penumbra (半影) are matters of guesses or ideas. There’s
no sharp line between light and dark, and no sharp beginning or end to the penumbra.
As the light grows, the penumbral ring expands to match. There will always be darkness beyond, and
philosophical questioning will chase it. We will never complete the project of understanding the fundamental
structure of the world. Generations of philosophers will die without getting satisfactory answers to their most
searching questions.
Billions of years ago, stars exploded, forming planets, and life emerged. Some beings developed the ability
to wonder about their place in the universe, their values, and their capacity for reflection. When we philosophize,
we become a means by which the universe, after billions of years, momentarily thinks about itself in doubt and
amazement. Nothing is more naturally valuable or worthy of respect and wonder.
1．What does the author intend to do by mentioning the brightness of Earth?
A．Make an assumption. B．Present an argument.C．Give a suggestion. D．Raise a
question.
2．What does the phrase “merge into” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Change to. B．Replace with. C．Stand for. D．Combine into.
3．What can be inferred about philosophy from the metaphor of penumbra?
A．It will decline as knowledge advances. B．It will continue due to expanding unknowns.
C．It aims to distinguish between light and dark. D．It remains separate from established methods.
4．The author believes that _____.
A．the pursuit of endless questions is significant
B．human beings are a highly emotional species
C．science is the primary source of philosophical ideas
D．the physical characteristics of Earth make it exceptional
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对比哲学与科学、艺术的关系，强调了哲学在人类理解和探索世界
中的重要性。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Earth is a bright spot of value in the universe, partly because it contains
human beings who, driven by curiosity and a non-instrumental desire to address hard questions, engage in
philosophy. Philosophical inquiry makes the entire planet better than it would otherwise be.(地球是宇宙中一个有
价值的亮点，部分原因是它孕育了人类，人类出于好奇心和一种非功利性的解答难题的渴望，投身于哲学。哲学探究使整个星球变得比它本来的样子更好。)”可知，作者提到地球的明亮是为了提出论点，作者认为，
人类对哲学的探索使地球变得更有价值。故选B项。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文的“In their most ambitious forms(以其最宏大的形式)”和下文的
“expressing our philosophical urges(表达我们的哲学欲望)”可知，艺术和科学要以其形式表达我们的哲学欲
望，肯定是要融入到哲学中去，所以划线短语merge into的意义为“并入；合并”，与combine into意义一
致。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As the light grows, the penumbral ring expands to match. There will always
be darkness beyond, and philosophical questioning will chase it. We will never complete the project of
understanding the fundamental structure of the world.(随着光线的增加，半影环也随之扩大。前方总会有黑暗，
哲学的追问会追逐黑暗。我们永远不会完成了解世界基本结构的工程。)”可知，随着知识的增长，未知的
领域也在扩大，哲学将继续探索这些未知。故选B项。
4．细节理解题。根据全文内容，特别是倒数第二段中的“There will always be darkness beyond, and
philosophical questioning will chase it. We will never complete the project of understanding the fundamental
structure of the world. Generations of philosophers will die without getting satisfactory answers to their most
searching questions.(前方总会有黑暗，哲学的追问会追逐黑暗。我们永远不会完成了解世界基本结构的工程。
一代又一代的哲学家对他们最深奥的问题，没有得到满意的答案，就死去了。)”和最后一段中的“When
we philosophize, we become a means by which the universe, after billions of years, momentarily thinks about itself
in doubt and amazement. Nothing is more naturally valuable or worthy of respect and wonder.(当我们进行哲学思
考时，我们成为了一种手段，使得宇宙在经历了数十亿年后，能够在瞬间带着怀疑和惊叹去思考自身。没
有什么比这更自然地具有价值，更值得尊重和惊叹的了。)”可知，作者认为追求无尽的问题本身是重要的。
故选A项。
