初中英语语法-------谓语动词时态

一、一般现在时

1. 用法

2.结构

（1）肯定句：主语+be动词(am/is/are)/动词原形/三单（当主语是第三人称单数时，动词需变为第三人称单数形式）。

（2）否定句：主语+be动词+not+表语；主语+don't/doesn't +动词原形。

（3）一般疑问句：be动词+主语+表语？或Do/Does +主语+动词原形？

（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词+be动词+表语？或疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形？

3. 时间标志词often, usually, always, sometimes, every day/week/month/year, on Sundays等。 

1.（2025·湖北武汉·一模）—Who is that lady? 

—She’s Miss Green. She ________ us music, and she is so good.

A. taughtB. teachesC. has taughtD. is teaching

【答案】B

2.（2024·北京房山·二模）My mom ________ zongzi for us every Dragon Boat Festival. I like zongzi with red beans.

A. madeB. makesC. will makeD. has made

【答案】B

3.（2024·吉林长春·三模）Mary’s room is in a mess. There ________ a new computer and too many books on the floor.

A. wereB. isC. areD. was

【答案】B

4.（2024·江苏常州·三模）—Hello, is that Jim speaking? This is Peter speaking. 

—Sorry. Jim ________ for the station to meet his father. His train ________ at 2: 30 p.m.

A. will leave; will arriveB. leaves; was arriving

C. is leaving; was arrivingD. is leaving; arrives

【答案】D

5.Happiness in her grandfather's eyes ________ every time he hears her voice.

A. shinesB. is shoneC. shoneD. was shone

【答案】A

6.The teacher told the students that the earth ________ round, not flat.

A. wasB. isC. has beenD. is being

【答案】B 

二、一般过去时

1.用法

（1）表示在过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与明确表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：I went to the park yesterday.

（2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。例如：When I was a child, I often played with my friends.

2.结构

（1）肯定句：主语+was/were+表语；主语+动词的过去式。

（2）否定句：主语+was/were+not+表语；主语+ did+not+动词原形。

（3）一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+表语？或Did +主语+动词原形？

（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+表语？或疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？

3.时间标志词

yesterday, last week/month/year, in 2020, ago, just now, the other day等。

1.（2025·天津武清·三模）—Have you ever taken the high-speed train from Tianjin to Beijing?

—Yes, I________ it last summer. It’s fast and convenient.

A. am takingB. tookC. takeD. will take、

【答案】B

2.（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Hi, Judy! I haven’t seen you for a long time.

—Yes. I________ as a volunteer teacher in the northwest of China. I came back last week.

A. workedB. am workingC. have workedD. work

【答案】A

3.（2024·河北邯郸·一模）Qiu Yumo from Shenzhen________ AI Button last year. It’s an online AI learning tool for middle school students.

A. makesB. madeC. was makingD. had made

【答案】B

4.（2024·北京房山·二模）— How was your May Day holiday?

— Wonderful, I________ with my parents. We had a great time.

A. travelledB. will travelC. travelD. am travelling

【答案】A

5.（2023·北京·统考中考真题）The Shenzhou-15 astronauts________ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023.

A. returnB. returnedC. will returnD. have returned

【答案】B

6.—There is someone knocking at the door. 

—It must be the computer repairman. I________ him to come to fix my computer.

A.call            B. have called      C. called        D. will call

【答案】C

三、一般将来时

1. 用法

（1）表示将来要发生的动作。

We will have a meeting tomorrow.

（2）表示将来的倾向。Without water, flowers will die.

（3）表示计划或打算。They are going to build a new school here.

2. 结构

（1）will /shall +动词原形 

在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall，在口语中，所有人称都可以用will；且will 常简略为'll，如：I'll，he'll等。

l肯定句：主语+will+动词原形。

l否定句：主语+will+not（缩写为won’t）+动词原形（第一人称用 shall 时，否定为 shall not，缩写 shan’t，较少见）。

l一般疑问句：Will +主语+动词原形？（第一人称可用Shall +主语+动词原形？）

l特殊疑问句：疑问词+ will +主语+动词原形？

（2）be going to +动词原形

l肯定句：主语+ be (am/is/are) + going to +动词原形。

l否定句：主语+ be (am/is/are) + not + going to +动词原形。

l一般疑问句：Be (Am/Is/Are) +主语+ going to+动词原形？

l特殊疑问句：疑问词 + be (am/is/are) +主语+going to +动词原形?

【注意】be动词需与主语人称和数一致：如I → am；he/she/it → is；you/we/they → are等。

（3）其他表将来的结构

3.时间标志词

tomorrow, next week/month/year, in the future, in five days, soon, this Saturday等。

1.（2024·天津·中考真题）— Jane and I ________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us?

— Sure. See you then.

A. hadB. have hadC. were havingD. are going to have

【答案】D

2.（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—Do you think________more pollution in a few years?

—Yes! So we must do something to save the earth.

A. there isB. there will haveC. there areD. there will be

【答案】D

3.（2023·北京·统考中考真题）If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you________a great time there.

A. haveB. hadC. will haveD. have had

【答案】C

4.（2024·河北石家庄·三模）—We ________ to Hebei Museum with the exchange students this coming summer holiday. 

—That’s amazing.

A. wentB. will goC. goD. have gone

【答案】B

5.Just go down the road, and you ________ the library next to the bank.

A.seeB. sawC. have seen    D. will see

【答案】D

6.（2024·河北邯郸·三模）— Why are you saving money?

— Mom’s birthday is around the corner. I ________ a gift for her.

A. buyB. boughtC. will buyD. was buying

【答案】C

四、现在进行时

1. 用法

（1）表示现在某时或现阶段正在进行的动作。常与now, Look!, Listen!等词连用，如：Look! The students are having a class meeting.

（2）可表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作（尤其是一些表示位置移动的动词，如：come, go, leave等），例如：He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

（3）与always等连用，表达感情色彩（赞赏、批评等），如：He is always being late.

2.结构

（1）肯定句：主语+am/is/are+现在分词(v-ing)。

（2）否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+现在分词。

（3）疑问句：Am/Is/Are +主语+现在分词？

（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词+am/is/are+现在分词？

3. 时间标志词

now, at the moment, these days, Look!, Listen!, Be quiet!等。

1.（2024·广西·统考中考真题）Listen! The birds ________ in the tree now.

A. singB. sangC. are singing

【答案】C

2.（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—Hello, may I speak to Jenny, please?

—Wait a minute, please. She ________ in the kitchen now.

A. cookedB. is cookingC. will cook

【答案】B

3.（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）—Nancy, where is your brother?

—He ________ for the physical experiment (物理实验) exam in the laboratory.

A. preparesB. is preparingC. was preparing

【答案】B

4.（2024·江苏省扬州市·中考真题）Look! My sister ________ the table. Let’s give her a hand.

A. setB. setsC. is settingD. was setting

【答案】C

5.（2024·江西省·中考真题）—Where is Helen?

—I’m not sure. Maybe she ________ her baseball lesson.

A. hadB. was havingC. is havingD. will have

【答案】C

6.（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Could you please turn down the TV? Your father _______ on his article.

A.was workingB. workedC. is workingD. works

【答案】C

五、过去进行时

1. 用法

（1）表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

I was doing my homework at 8 yesterday evening.

（2）表示过去两个同时进行的动作。

While I was reading, my sister was watching TV.

2.结构

（1）肯定句：主语+was/were +现在分词。

（2）否定句：主语+wasn't/weren't+现在分词。

（3）一般疑问句：Was/Were +主语+现在分词？

（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were+主语+现在分词？

3.时间标志词

at that time, at 8 yesterday, when, while, at this time yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, the whole morning等。

1.（2024·福建·统考中考真题）When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ________ an old man cross the road.

A. helpsB. was helpingC. will help

【答案】B

2.（2024·黑龙江龙东地区·中考真题）While we ________ an English song, some visitors came into our classroom.

A. were singingB. sangC. are singing

【答案】A

3.（2024·四川泸州市·中考真题）—Hi, Ethan. I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer.

—Sorry, I ________ the dishes.

A. washB. washedC. am washingD. was washing

【答案】D

4.（2024·四川遂宁市·中考真题）—Tim, what were you doing when I called you? 

—I ________ bicycle with my sister.

A. was cutting upB. am making upC. am picking upD. was fixing up

【答案】D

5.（2024·云南省·中考真题）—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. 

—Oh, I ________ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time.

A. will practiceB. have practicedC. am practicingD. was practicing

【答案】D

6.（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）At 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon, my father ________ for me outside the school gate.

A.waitsB. waitedC. was waitingD. is waiting

【答案】C

7.（2024·江苏常州·一模）—Why are you so worried, Xiao Lei?

—Because I ________ extra lessons the whole holiday and haven’t finished my homework.

A.was attendingB. attendedC. have attendedD. attend

【答案】A

六、现在完成时

1. 用法

（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

I have lost my key.

（2）表示从过去持续到现在的动作（行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示），常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。

We have lived here for ten years.

2.结构

（1）肯定句：主语+have/has +过去分词。

（2）否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't +过去分词。

（3）疑问句：Have/Has +主语+过去分词？

（4）特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词？

3.时间标志词

already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, so far, before, recently, in the past/last few years等

1.（2024·安徽·统考中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. 

—Sure. Here you are.

A. LeaveB. have leftC. will leaveD. was leaving

【答案】B

2.（2024·江苏省连云港市·中考真题）As a Chinese traditional martial art (武术), Taijiquan _________ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far.

A. spreadsB. is spreadingC. will spreadD. has spread

【答案】D

3.（2024·江西省·中考真题）—Oh hi, I’m looking for a pair of shoes.

—Well, you ________ to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop.

A.cameB. were comingC. will comeD. have come

【答案】D

4.（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）Mr. Smith ________ at the Natural History Museum for more than 10 years, so he knows a lot about insects.

A.is workingB. has workedC. was workingD. will work

【答案】B

5.（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）I saw Harry in February and I ________ him since then.

A.didn’t seeB. won’t seeC. haven’t seenD. don’t see

【答案】C

6.（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. 

—Those photos must be your valuable memories.

A.have takenB. will takeC. takeD. were taking

【答案】A

7.（2023·北京·统考中考真题）Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science.

A.is learningB. was learningC. will learnD. has learned

【答案】D