SOCIETY · EDUCATION

Rules with a Heart

What a Teacher May — and May Not — Do When a Student Does Something Wrong

来源：重庆日报 / 重庆之声 / 教育部《中小学教育惩戒规则（试行）》  |  2026年10月10日—11日  |  社会·教育

有尺度，也有温度：老师可以怎么"管"学生？

学生犯了错，老师到底能做什么、不能做什么？重庆出台的新细则，把这道"老难题"摆到了桌面上

Adapted from Chongqing Daily / Chongqing Voice: "Chongqing issues detailed rules on school discipline for primary and middle schools" (Oct 10-11, 2026) & the Ministry of Education's "Rules on School Discipline (Trial)" (in force since Mar 1, 2021)

Difficulty:★★★★☆📊 Word Count: ~400 words

📰 原文信息来源

🎯 文章导读
"老师，他上课一直在讲话！"——如果你是老师，接下来该怎么办？说重了，家长可能觉得伤了孩子；不管呢，课堂又乱了。这个难题，其实困扰了中国校园很多年。2026年10月，重庆给出了一个具体的答案：一份《中小学教育惩戒规则实施细则》，把老师"能做什么、不能做什么"一条条写清楚——可以做些什么（点名批评、道歉、班级公益服务、课后教导），也划出了红线（不许体罚、必须说明理由、必须让学生有说话的机会）。这份细则并不是凭空出现的，它建立在2021年3月1日起施行的教育部《中小学教育惩戒规则（试行）》之上。阅读时请留意三个问题：惩戒分成了哪三个等级？为什么说"惩戒不是惩罚"？一份"严格"的规则，为什么也要"有温度"？文中 discipline、rule、correct、respect、warm 这几个词是理解全文的钥匙。

📖 Topic Core Vocabulary Preview

📖 Article (with Annotations)

When a student does something wrong, what should the teacher do?For many years, this was a hard question in Chinese schools.If a teacher was too strict, people might say the teacher was too harsh.But if a teacher did nothing, the classroom could become hard to control.Teachers needed a clear answer.

当一个学生做错了事，老师应该怎么办？很多年里，这在中国校园里都是个难题。如果老师管得太严，人们可能说这位老师太苛刻；可如果老师什么都不做，课堂就可能变得难以管理。老师们需要一个清楚的答案。

In October 2026, an answer came from Chongqing.The city's education office published a new set of rules,called the Detailed Rules on School Discipline.They tell teachers what they may do — and what they may not do — when a student makes a mistake.

2026年10月，答案从重庆传来。重庆市教委发布了一套新的规定，名为《中小学教育惩戒规则实施细则》。当学生犯了错，它告诉老师"可以做什么、不可以做什么"。

The rules first list the kinds of behaviour that may lead to discipline.They include not finishing school tasks on purpose, making trouble in class, smoking, and bullying others.When this happens, a teacher should stop the student and correct him or her.Discipline always rests on three principles: education, legality and appropriateness.The last one means the discipline must fit the mistake.

细则首先列出了可能招致惩戒的各类行为。其中包括故意不完成学习任务、在课堂上捣乱、吸烟以及欺凌他人。出现这些情况时，老师应当制止学生并纠正他。惩戒始终建立在三条原则之上：教育性、合法性和适当性。最后一条的意思是：惩戒必须与过错相称。

The rules also set three levels.For a small problem, a teacher may have a talk with the student after class, ask the student to apologize,or let the student do some service work for the class.For a bigger problem, the school may give a serious talk, or stop the student from joining school trips for a time.In the most serious cases, a student may have to stay at home for no more than a week, and get help from a social worker.

细则还设立了三个等级。问题不大时，老师可以在课后与学生谈话，要求学生道歉，或者让学生为班级做一些服务工作。问题较大时，学校可以进行一次严肃的谈话，或在一段时间内不让学生参加学校的集体活动。情况最严重时，学生可能被要求在家不超过一周，并由社会工作者提供帮助。

But the rules also draw a line.Teachers must not hit students or hurt them in any way.Before using discipline, a teacher must explain the reason.Students have the right to tell their side of the story.And parents must be told.The aim is to protect every child — and to help them grow.

但细则也划出了一条界线。老师不得打学生，也不得以任何方式伤害他们。在使用惩戒之前，老师必须说明原因。学生有权说出自己的一面。而且必须告知家长。这一切的目的，是保护每一个孩子——并帮助他们成长。

Chongqing is not the first place to do this.In March 2021, the Ministry of Education's Rules on School Discipline came into force.It made one thing clear: discipline is not a way to punish children.Its true purpose is education.Since then, many cities have written their own detailed rules, step by step.

重庆并不是第一个这样做的城市。2021年3月，教育部制定的《中小学教育惩戒规则（试行）》开始施行。它讲清了一件事：惩戒不是用来"惩罚"孩子的手段。它真正的目的是教育。此后，许多城市一步步写出了自己的细则。

Miss Wang teaches at a middle school in Chongqing."Discipline is not about making students afraid," she says."It is about respect — and about helping them grow."The new rules are strict, but they are also warm.Maybe that is the best lesson of all: to teach well, a school needs both rules and kindness.

王老师在重庆一所中学任教。"惩戒不是让学生害怕，"她说，"而是关乎尊重——以及帮助他们成长。"新细则很严格，但也很有温度。也许这就是最重要的一课：要教得好，学校既需要规则，也需要善意。

📝 Core Vocabulary

🔍 Long & Difficult Sentences

They tell teachers what they may do — and what they may not do — when a student makes a mistake.

当学生犯了错，它告诉老师"可以做什么、不可以做什么"。

📌 解析：句子的骨架是 They tell teachers ...，后面接了两个由 what 引导的宾语从句：what they may do 与 what they may not do，用 and 并列，中间的破折号起强调作用——"能做的"和"不能做的"同样重要，这正是本文的核心。句末的 when a student makes a mistake 是时间状语从句。中英文语序在这里差别很大：英语先说"告诉老师两件事"，再把时间放到最后；中文习惯把"当学生犯了错"提前。读这类句子，先抓主句，再挂状语。

For a small problem, a teacher may have a talk with the student after class, ask the student to apologize, or let the student do some service work for the class.

问题不大时，老师可以在课后与学生谈话，要求学生道歉，或者让学生为班级做一些服务工作。

📌 解析：主句里三个动词短语由逗号和 or 并列：have a talk with the student（与学生谈话）、ask the student to apologize（要求学生道歉）、let the student do some service work（让学生做服务工作）。注意三个动词后面接的成分不同——have a talk 是"动词＋名词短语"，ask sb. to do sth. 与 let sb. do sth. 是两种常考的"动词＋宾语＋不定式"结构，其中 let 后面要接不带 to 的动词原形。读并列长句时，先圈出并列连词，再逐个核对每个动词的搭配，就不会漏。

It made one thing clear: discipline is not a way to punish children. Its true purpose is education.

它讲清了一件事：惩戒不是用来"惩罚"孩子的手段。它真正的目的是教育。

📌 解析：第一句用的是 make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构：made one thing clear（把一件事讲清楚了），clear 是形容词作补语。冒号后面是对 one thing 的具体解释，用了"否定式"（is not a way to punish）先破误解。第二句紧跟着用 Its true purpose is education 给出正面答案，构成"先破后立"。这种"否定＋肯定"的双句组合，是议论文表达观点最有力的写法之一，也是备考作文可以模仿的句型。

📋 Reading Comprehension

1Why does the writer write this passage?

A. To tell students to obey every rule without asking why.

B. To explain a new set of rules about school discipline.

C. To show that teachers should never discipline students.

D. To describe one day in the life of a Chongqing teacher.

2According to the passage, what must a teacher do before using discipline?

A. Ask the student's parents to come to school.

B. Report the problem to the whole class.

C. Explain the reason to the student.

D. Write a report for the school office.

3What does the underlined word "line" in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. A long queue of waiting students.

B. A mark on the classroom wall.

C. A rule written by the students themselves.

D. A limit that must not be crossed.

4Why does the writer mention the Ministry of Education's rules of 2021?

A. To show that school discipline is a national question, and the rules are getting clearer step by step.

B. To prove that only Chongqing cares about school discipline.

C. To say that the national rules are better than Chongqing's.

D. To explain why students do not like school rules.

5What is the writer's attitude towards the new rules?

A. They are too strict and should be stopped.

B. They are useless because students will not listen.

C. They are necessary, and they should be both strict and warm.

D. They are only useful for primary school students.

✅ Answers & Analysis

1. B — 写作目的题（主旨）。

全文脉络：校园里的老难题（第1段）→ 重庆发布新细则（第2段）→ 适用行为与三条原则（第3段）→ 三个惩戒等级（第4段）→ 划出的界线与学生的权利（第5段）→ 国家规则背景与各地推进（第6段）→ 老师的心声与"严格又温暖"的收束（引文）。B项"介绍一套关于学校惩戒的新规定"完整覆盖主线。A项无中生有——文章介绍规则内容，从未主张"不许问为什么"；C项与原文相反——细则恰恰是在明确"老师可以惩戒"；D项以偏概全——王老师只是文末引用的一个声音，不是全文的中心。

2. C — 细节推理题。

第5段的句子交代得很清楚："Before using discipline, a teacher must explain the reason."（使用惩戒之前，老师必须说明原因。）C项与原文一致。A项张冠李戴——文中说的是"必须告知家长"（parents must be told），而不是"请家长到校"；B项与原文相反——细则强调保护学生的尊严，第5段正是要避免"当众"处理；D项无中生有——文中没有"向学校写报告"这一要求。

3. D — 词义猜测题。

draw a line 是固定表达，本义是"画一条线"，引申为"划定界限、规定不得逾越的边界"。线索来自该段后面的三句话：不得打学生或以任何方式伤害学生、必须先说明原因、学生有权陈述——这些正是"不可逾越"的底线，D项"一条不得跨越的界线"完全吻合。A项望文生义——"排队的学生"是 line 的另一个义项，与"划界线"的语境无关；B项望文生义——"墙上的痕迹"同样只是字面联想；C项偷换概念——细则由教育部门发布，不是"学生自己写的规则"。

4. A — 推理题（写作意图）。

第6段先说 "Chongqing is not the first place to do this"，接着交代2021年3月教育部《中小学教育惩戒规则（试行）》施行，最后说 "many cities have written their own detailed rules, step by step"。这一段的用意是把重庆细则放进一个更大的背景中：它是全国推进过程中的一环，规则在一步步变得更清楚，A项准确。B项与原文相反——本段开头就否定了"只有重庆关心"；C项无中生有——文中从未比较国家规则与地方细则谁更好，而是强调二者是"总—分"的衔接关系；D项偷换概念——本段讲的是规则的来历，不是学生的态度。

5. C — 情感态度题。

作者的态度集中在文末的引文与总结句："Discipline is not about making students afraid ... It is about respect"（惩戒不是让学生害怕，而是关乎尊重）、"The new rules are strict, but they are also warm"（新细则很严格，但也很有温度）、"a school needs both rules and kindness"（学校既需要规则，也需要善意）。可见作者**认同并支持**这些规则，同时强调它们应当"既严格又有温度"，C项最贴合。A项与原文相反——作者认为规则是必要的，而非"应该停止"；B项与原文相反——文末王老师的话透露出教师确实需要、也确实欢迎这份清晰的规定；D项与原文矛盾——细则明确适用于小学高年级、初中和高中阶段，不是"只对小学生有用"。

🔑 Collocations Quick Reference

✍️ Writing Accumulation

The following sentences from this article are especially useful for writing about school life, rules and education:

1. For many years, this was a hard question in Chinese schools.很多年里，这在中国校园里都是个难题（用"时间＋难题"开篇，为下文给出方案作铺垫）

2. Teachers needed a clear answer.老师们需要一个清楚的答案（短句独立成段，承上启下，节奏有力）

3. Discipline always rests on three principles: education, legality and appropriateness.惩戒始终建立在三条原则之上：教育性、合法性和适当性（冒号引出并列列举，说明文常用）

4. But the rules also draw a line.但细则也划出了一条界线（用 draw a line 引出"底线"，议论文过渡佳句）

5. Students have the right to tell their side of the story.学生有权说出自己的一面（表达"权利"的黄金句，可用于校园、社会类话题）

6. It made one thing clear: discipline is not a way to punish children.它讲清了一件事：惩戒不是用来"惩罚"孩子的手段（make sth. clear ＋冒号，先破后立）

7. To teach well, a school needs both rules and kindness.要教得好，学校既需要规则，也需要善意（both ... and ... 收尾，点出全文主旨）

💡 Study Tips

1. 社会议题类文章抓"三件套"：问题—规定—意义。
   本文第1段立问题（老师该不该管、怎么管），第2—5段讲规定（适用行为、三个等级、边界与程序），第6段与引文讲意义（这是全国推进的一环、"严格也有温度"）。读这类文章先在草稿上写下这三栏，主旨题（Q1）与意图题（Q4）都能迅速锁定。
2. 留意"破—立"的议论结构：
   文中"It made one thing clear: discipline is not a way to punish children. Its true purpose is education."先否定误解，再给出正解；结尾"The new rules are strict, but they are also warm"用 but 一转折完成升华。备考写作里，"不是……而是……"与"虽然……但是……"正是用来表达观点的高分句型，建议整句背诵。
3. 数字与分级信息要"列表格"：
   第4段把惩戒分成三个等级的对应措施（谈话、道歉、服务／严肃谈话、暂停集体活动／不超过一周停课＋心理辅导）。遇到分级内容，用"等级—措施—适用情形"三列小表整理，细节题和推理题都不会混。
4. 词义猜测看"同义复现"：
   Q3 的 line 之所以能猜出"界线"，靠的是后面三句"不得伤害、必须说明原因、学生有权陈述"——这些正是"不可越过"的红线；第5段开头 "But the rules also draw a line" 的 But 也提示这里是转折出"底线"。词义题不要只凭字面联想。
5. 备考素材积累：
   本文可用于"Rules in My School""How to Treat Others""A Better Way to Correct Mistakes""School Life and Growth"等题目。值得背诵的句子：Teachers needed a clear answer.（承上启下）；Students have the right to tell their side of the story.（权利表达）；To teach well, a school needs both rules and kindness.（升华式结尾）。

© 2026 阳阳妈妈英语时文精读 · Middle School Edition · Adapted from Chongqing Daily / Chongqing Voice: "Chongqing issues detailed rules on school discipline" (Oct 10-11, 2026) & the Ministry of Education's "Rules on School Discipline (Trial)" (in force since Mar 1, 2021)