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专题18 时文阅读七选五(3)-社会现象
1.【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍印度首都德里推出“幸福课程”，关注学生的情绪健康。
重点词汇：
limited有限的；
decreasing减少；
standards标准；
tough艰难的；
For the past three weeks, students across India’s capital have been attending a new course: happiness. The Delhi
government introduced “happiness classes”. ____1____. In a country that uses normal testing to determine
student success, offers a limited number of seats in top universities and sets high expectations, educators have
been seeing mental health effects. ____2____. He said, “It will address the growing concern, which is that levels
of happiness and well-being are decreasing.”
“We have given best-of-the-best talents to the world,” Sisodai said, according to The Washington Post.
“____3____. We have been successful so far. But have we been able to deliver best-of-the-best human beings to
society, to the nation?”
The Washington Post says children came out of their first happiness class with some excitement. “We should
work happily,” 11-year-old Aayush Jha, a seventh grader at a public school in Delhi, told the paper. “When you
work sadly, your work will not be good.”
Sisodai hopes to deliver these tools to help students live more happily inside and outside of the classroom,
whether or not they’re achieving their academic standards. “I don’t know if happiness can be learned, but yes, it
can be practised,” he says. “____4____.”
One in four Indian children aged 13 to 15 struggles with low spirits, the World Health Organization reported
last year. As journalist Susan Brink reported, “The government has made changes after noticing that some young
people under great stress to do well in school tended to commit suicide (自杀) if they felt they did poorly.” “In
South India, they observed higher suicide rates after exam periods among schoolchildren who failed,” Alexandra
Fleischmannn, a project coordinator for the WHO’s Preventing Suicide report, told Brink. “____5____, and that
reduced suicides.”
A．Many Indian students are facing a very tough life
B．We have given best-of-the-best professionals to industry
C．Then they introduced the possibility of taking the exams again
D．It is used to decide whether an Indian student is excellent or not
E．Delhi’s Education Minister Manish Sisodai is in charge of making the changes
F．Once you start practising living with happiness, then it can become part of your lifeG．It tried to change the country’s academic focus from student achievement to emotional well-being
【答案】1．G 2．E 3．B 4．F 5．C
1．上文“The Delhi government introduced ‘happiness classes’.(德里政府推出了‘幸福课程’。)”介绍德里
政府推出了‘幸福课程’；G选项“It tried to change the country’s academic focus from student achievement
to emotional well-being(它试图将该国的学术重点从学生成绩转移到情感健康)”承接上文，具体介绍了德里
政府推出的“幸福课程”的目的；选项中的“emotional well-being”与上文“happiness”表达内容一致。故
选G。
2．上文“In a country that uses normal testing to determine student success, offers a limited number of seats in
top universities and sets high expectations, educators have been seeing mental health effects.(在一个使用标准化
考试来决定学生成功、在顶尖大学提供有限数量并设定高期望的国家，教育工作者已经看到了心理健康
的影响。)”说明在印度教育方面的人员已经注意到心理健康的影响；结合下文“He said, ‘It will address the
growing concern, which is that levels of happiness and well-being are decreasing.’(他说：‘这将解决人们日益
担忧的问题，即幸福和福祉水平正在下降。’)”可知，设空处介绍一位负责此“幸福课堂”的教育方面的
人士；E选项“Delhi’s Education Minister Manish Sisodai is in charge of making the changes(德里教育部长
Manish Sisodai 负责这项改革)”说明教育部长负责这项改革计划，下文中的代词“He”指代选项中的
“Delhi’s Education Minister Manish Sisodai”，由此可知，E选项符合语境。故选E。
3．上文“‘We have given best-of-the-best talents to the world,’ Sisodai said, according to The Washington
Post. (据《华盛顿邮报》报道，Sisodai说：‘我们为世界提供了最优秀的人才。’)”引用了德里教育部长
Sisodai所说的话，他认为他们为世界提供了最优秀的人才；由下文引号可知，下文继续阐述Sisodai的话，
B选项“We have given best-of-the-best professionals to industry(我们为行业提供了最优秀的专业人才)”承接
上文，继续介绍人才培养方面所取得的成就，与下文“We have been successful so far.(到目前为止，我们
一直很成功。)”表述的内容一致，符合语境；该选项与上文中的“We have given best-of-the-best talents to
the world”以及下文“deliver best-of-the-best human beings to society, to the nation”阐述的内容一致。故选
B。
4．上文“‘I don’t know if happiness can be learned, but yes, it can be practised,’ he says. (他说：‘我不知道
幸福是否可以习得，但是的，它是可以练习的。’)”引用了Sisodai所说的话，他认为幸福是可以练习的；
选项F“Once you start practising living with happiness, then it can become part of your life(一旦你开始练习快
乐地生活，快乐就会成为你生活的一部分)”说明快乐幸福是可以通过练习快乐地生活达成，与上文“but
yes, it can be practised”表述的内容一致，符合语境。故选F。
5．上文“‘In South India, they observed higher suicide rates after exam periods among schoolchildren who
failed,’ Alexandra Fleischmannn, a project coordinator for the WHO’s Preventing Suicide report, told Brink.(世卫
组织预防自杀报告的项目协调员 Alexandra Fleischmannn在接受Brink采访时表示：‘在印度南部，他们发现考试结束后，考试不及格的学生自杀率更高。’)”说明考试成绩不好的学生自杀率很高；C选项
“Then they introduced the possibility of taking the exams again(然后他们引入了重考的可能性)”阐述了针对
上文考试成绩差的学生自杀率高这一事实所采取的措施：重新考试；下文“and that reduced suicides(这减
少了自杀)”说明采用重考这一措施所产生的效果，“that”指代C选项中的“they introduced the possibility
of taking the exams again”，由此可知，C选项符合语境，故选C。
2.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何让别人和你分享秘密的注意事项。
重点词汇：
divorce离婚；
a range of一系列的；
consciously有意识地；
meaningful有意义的；
Many people have secrets or things about themselves they don’t want others to know. Those secrets can be
something as simple as they have a new job or serious matters such as a divorce. ____6____. But if you want
someone to open up to you, building trust and showing that you can keep secrets may get them to tell you the
secret.
____7____.
Have conversations with others that cover a range of meaningful topics. Talking about meaningful things to
others can help them consciously connect positive feelings about you and make them more likely to open up to
you.
Listen carefully.
____8____. Refer to what they’ve said when you talk at other time, which shows that you are paying close
attention to them and their needs. Besides, ask questions during the conversation, which can show that you’re
listening closely to what they are saying.
Talk about yourself
Make sure to talk about yourself during your conversations. ____9____. In turn, it will put them at ease and
show that they can confide (倾诉) in and trust you. Sharing can really help establish a relationship of trust
between people, especially if both individuals are comfortable to talk about themselves.
Be reliable
Make sure to be there and fulfil promises with your friends. This shows them that they can rely on you,
including telling and keeping secrets. Follow up on any commitment you make to the best of your ability.
____10____.
A．Chat online
B．Have meaningful conversationsC．You can’t share your friend’s secret with anyone
D．Getting someone to tell you their secrets can be difficult
E．Listen closely to what they are saying during your conversations
F．Give little bits of information about yourself as you feel comfortable
G．If you cannot keep your promise, explain the circumstances and then apologize
【答案】6．D 7．B 8．E 9．F 10．G
6．空前说“Many people have secrets or things about themselves they don’t want others to know.(许多人都有
自己的秘密或事情，他们不想让别人知道。)”，所以要让人说出他们的秘密是困难的，D选项“Getting
someone to tell you their secrets can be difficult(让别人告诉你他们的秘密是很困难的)”说明了让人家说出秘
密是困难的，承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
7．空格处是本段小标题，根据空后的内容“Have conversations with others that cover a range of meaningful
topics. Talking about meaningful things to others can help them consciously connect positive feelings about you
and make them more likely to open up to you.(与他人进行涵盖一系列有意义话题的对话。和别人谈论有意义
的事情可以帮助他们有意识地联系到对你的积极感觉，让他们更有可能向你敞开心扉。)”可知，本段主要
讲的是进行有意义的对话，B选项“Have meaningful conversations(进行有意义的对话)”概括了本段内容，
可作为本段小标题。故选B。
8．本段小标题是“Listen carefully.(仔细倾听。)”，空格处内容应该和“倾听”有关，E选项“Listen
closely to what they are saying during your conversations(在你们的对话中，仔细听他们在说什么)”和倾听有
关，照应了本段小标题，因此符合语境，故选E。
9．空前说“Make sure to talk about yourself during your conversations.(确保在谈话中谈论你自己。)”，空格
处应该说到和谈论自己有关的内容，F 选项“Give little bits of information about yourself as you feel
comfortable(在你觉得舒服的情况下透露一些关于你自己的信息)”说的是要谈论自己，因此F选项承接上文，
符合语境，故选F。
10．空前说“Make sure to be there and fulfil promises with your friends. This shows them that they can rely on
you, including telling and keeping secrets. Follow up on any commitment you make to the best of your ability.(一
定要出席并兑现与朋友们的承诺。这表明他们可以依靠你，包括保守秘密。尽你所能去履行你所做的任
何承诺。)”，空格处应该说如果不能兑现承诺又该怎么样，G选项“If you cannot keep your promise,
explain the circumstances and then apologize(如果你不能遵守诺言，解释情况，然后道歉)”说明了如果不能
兑现承诺时该怎么办，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
3.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是自言自语给我们带来的好处，并不代表着精神失常。
重点词汇：
shameful令人羞愧的；overheard无意听说；
criticizing批评；
bound to一定…；
embarrassment尴尬；
perspective观点，透视的；
Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a
foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech ahead of time, you’ll have felt the social ban against communicating
with yourself in words.
___11___ Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought.
Self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a
narrative (叙述)of our experience.
Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her
talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her frustrations (沮丧). ___12___ We do a lot of
it when we are young—perhaps one reason for our shyness about continuing with it as
adults.
As children, according to a Russian psychologist, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same
way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. ___13___
We internalize (内化) the private speech we use as children—but we never entirely put away the out-loud
version. ___14___ You’re bound to see an athlete or two encouraging themselves with a tart (刻薄的) phrase or
scolding (责骂) themselves after a bad shot.
___15___ The to-and-fro between different points of view means our thoughts can end up in expected
places. Both kinds of self-talk—the silent and the vocal (有声的)—seem to bring a range of benefits to our
thinking.
A．But there’s no need for embarrassment.
B．If you want proof, turn on the sports channel.
C．As we grow older, we make it part of our nature.
D．Psychologists refer to this as private speech.
E．Talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.
F．The effect of our words gives a valuable perspective on our actions.
G．Conducting a self-dialogue is good for solving problems and working through ideas.
【答案】11．A 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．G
11．根据第一段中的“If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing atricky speech ahead of time, you’ll have felt the social ban against communicating with yourself in words.(如果你
曾经被无意中听到批评自己犯了一个愚蠢的错误，或者提前练习了一个棘手的演讲，你就会感受到社会
对自己与自己交流的禁令。)”可知，人们感觉自言自语受到社会的限制，描述自言自语是一件很尴尬的事
情，而空后“Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought.(自言
自语，无论是大声还是默默地在脑海中，都是一个有价值的思考工具。)”描述的自言自语对思维很有价值
的工具，由此可知，该空应该起过渡作用，且前后有转折关系，A 选项“But there’s no need for
embarrassment”中的but起到了承上启下的作用，符合题意。故选A项。
12．根据空前的“You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice
to her frustrations(沮丧).(你很可能会听到她自言自语：给自己指路，说出她的沮丧。)”可知，自言自语是
很常见的事情，D选项“Psychologists refer to this as private speech.(心理学家将此称为私人演讲。)”中的
this指代的内容与空前的“talking to herself”内容相符，且在下一段中经常提到“private speech”，所以，
此处引出这一心理学家对自言自语的概念。故选D项。
13．根据上文“As children, according to a Russian psychologist, we use private speech to regulate our actions
in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. (根据一位俄罗斯心理学家的说法，
作为儿童，我们使用私人言论来规范我们的行为，就像我们使用公共言论来控制他人的行为一样。)”和下
一段中的“We internalize (内化) the private speech we use as children—but we never entirely put away the out-
loud version.(我们内化了我们小时候使用的私人演讲，但我们从未完全放弃大声的版本。)”可知，我们内
化了小时候使用的私人演讲，C选项“As we grow older, we make it part of our nature.(随着年龄的增长，我
们把它作为我们天性的一部分。)”论述了随着我们长大，我们把私人演讲看作自然的事情。选项中的 it与
前文private speech一致，与下文内容吻合。故选C项。
14．根据空后的“You’re bound to see an athlete or two encouraging themselves with a tart (刻薄的) phrase or
scolding (责骂) themselves after a bad shot.(你一定会看到一两个运动员在投篮不好后用刻薄的短语鼓励自
己或责骂自己。)”可知，此处描述的是运动员在场上自言自语的场景，B选项“If you want proof, turn on
the sports channel.(如果您需要证据，请打开体育频道。)”中的sports channel与空前内容吻合。故选B项。
15．根据空后的“The to-and-fro between different points of view means our thoughts can end up in expected
places.(不同观点之间的来回意味着我们的思想最终可以到达预期的地方。)”可知，此处讲述的是自言自语
对思维所能达到的高度的影响，G选项“Conducting a self-dialogue is good for solving problems and working
through ideas.(进行自我对话有利于解决问题和理清思维。)”中的ideas与空前的thoughts意义相同，均是
受自言自语影响的思维。故选G项。
4.【导语】本篇是一篇夹叙夹议文，文章通过Jennings女士的一个买房经历，主要说明了当今一个有关买
房的社会问题，即买房之前必须检查房屋是否有设施问题，以及在美国购房者人数很多甚至超过房屋的
数量的社会现象。重点词汇：
minor少数的，小的；
reasonable合理的；
negotiate协商，谈判；
It was a new home. It cost $154,000. Sarah Jennings of Bay Shore, New York was ready to buy it, but her
real estate agent suggested getting a home inspection. ____16____ Jennings said, “I was just depressed. It was
less than perfect.” Since the problems were minor and would cost little to fix, Jennings decided to buy the house
anyway.
Many people are now adding the important step of home inspection into the process of buying a home. A
home inspector does not check to see if the price is reasonable. ____17____ Is it safe? Do the electricity and
water work well? Is the roof in good condition? What repairs may be necessary? The inspector gives an estimate
of the cost for putting the home in good working condition. If the home inspector finds serious problems, the
buyer may want to consider looking for another house.
____18____ Usually a buyer puts down some money (1%-5% of the purchase price) to show intent to buy.
The seller and buyer may need to negotiate before they decide on the price for the house. In Bay Shore, there are
more buyers than houses. ____19____
The American dream of owning a home is possible. But there are still many people looking. In Bay Shore
recently, there were more than 2,000 people interested in buying 52 houses in the new housing project.
____20____ But Jennings is not one of them.
A．The inspector checks on the building.
B．So Jennings paid full price and did not negotiate.
C．After the inspection, Jennings made an offer on the house.
D．Among those people, at least 1,948 families are still looking.
E．The bank wanted to make sure the house was worth the price.
F．The monthly housing expenses should be no more than 29% of a family’s income.
G．After four hours, the home inspector gave Jennings a list of over 20 problems with the “new” home.
【答案】16．G 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．D
16．根据前文“Sarah Jennings of Bay Shore, New York was ready to buy it, but her real estate agent suggested
getting a home inspection.(来自纽约海湾海岸的莎拉·詹宁斯(Sarah Jennings)准备买下这套房子，但她的房
地产经纪人建议她去做房屋检查)”以及后文“Jennings said, “I was just depressed. It was less than
perfect.”(詹宁斯说:“我只是很沮丧。它并不完美。”)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，应该是检查房子的结
果，所以G项“After four hours, the home inspector gave Jennings a list of over 20 problems with the “new”
home.(四个小时后，房屋检查员给了詹宁斯一张清单，上面写着“新”房子的20多个问题)”符合文意。故选G项。
17．根据后文“Is it safe? Do the electricity and water work well? Is the roof in good condition? What repairs
may be necessary? (安全吗?水电正常吗?屋顶状况好吗?可能需要哪些修理?)”可知，空处在本段中的作用为
总结下文所列举的房屋问题。后面所有列举的问句都是空处这句话的某个方面，所以 A项“The inspector
checks on the building.(检查员检查大楼)”符合文意。故选A项。
18．根据后文“Usually a buyer puts down some money (1%-5% of the purchase price) to show intent to
buy. The seller and buyer may need to negotiate before they decide on the price for the house. In Bay Shore,
there are more buyers than houses.(通常买家会先付一笔钱(买价的1%-5%)来表示购买意向。卖方和买方在
决定房子的价格之前可能需要协商一下。在Bay Shore，买家比房子多)”可知，本段是在讲买房缴费的事，
空处位于段首，需起到引领本段的作用，所以 C项“After the inspection, Jennings made an offer on the
house.(看房后，詹宁斯对那所房子提出了价格)”符合文意。故选C项。
19．分析设空处位于段尾，应是对前文的总结或者承接上文的内容，根据前文“In Bay Shore, there are
more buyers than houses.(在Bay Shore，买家比房子多)”可知，B项“So Jennings paid full price and did not
negotiate.(所以詹宁斯付了全价，没有谈判)”和前句构成因果关系。故选B项。
20．根据前文“In Bay Shore recently, there were more than 2,000 people interested in buying 52 houses in the
new housing project.(最近，在海湾海岸，有超过2000人对购买52套新住宅项目感兴趣)”以及后文“But
Jennings is not one of them.(但詹宁斯不是其中之一)”可知，空处句子肯定有一类人的存在，并且还是和
jennings所做行为相反，而Jennings果断买房这个行为和“people still looking(正在观望)”恰恰相反，所以
D项“Among those people, at least 1,948 families are still looking.(在这些人当中，至少有1948个家庭仍在
寻找)”符合文意。故选D项。
5.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了食物浪费已经成为一个严重的问题，介绍了“停止食物浪费
日”是一个打击食物浪费的国际行动日。
重点词汇:
severe严重的；
effectively有效地；
conserve保护，保存；
donate捐赠；
take action采取行动；
schedule 安排；
demonstrations展示 ；
recipes食谱，秘方；
impactful有影响的 ；Food waste has become a severe problem across the world due to a lack of understanding of how to
effectively use food and conserve it. Roughly one- third of the food produced globally is either lost or wasted
every year. ___21___
Stop Food Waste Day is an international day of action in the fight against food waste. It began back in 2017
by Compass Group, one of the world’s largest food-service companies serving restaurants, cafes, hospitals,
schools, and more. ___22___ On this day, Compass country teams will work together to raise awareness of the
critical food waste problem and inspire change.
Stop Food Waste Day aims to educate people about their food waste.___23___ Stop Food Waste Day hopes
to change the way leftovers are used, so people can take the most significant advantage of what food they use.
The Compass Group focuses the efforts of its mission by teaching their chefs how to track and reduce waste
as much as possible. They also seek to donate more than 250, 000 pounds of food each year to local food banks.
___24___ Show your support by looking up simple recipes to best use leftovers and fresh produce. Before
food shopping, plan ahead by making a list and only buying what you know you’ll use. ___25___
Get into the habit of freezing leftovers, instead of throwing them in the rubbish. Besides, help teach people
about the benefits of saving food waste.
A．It brings 30 countries together.
B．Now it’s your turn to take action.
C．Food waste, however, can be stopped.
D．Help schedule cooking demonstrations and share recipes.
E．More importantly, it offers creative and impactful solutions.
F．Compass Group promised to reduce food waste by 30% by 2025.
G．Also avoid wasting food by seeing what needs to be used up before you go shopping.
【答案】21．C 22．F 23．E 24．D 25．G
21．根据上文“Food waste has become a severe problem across the world due to a lack of understanding of how
to effectively use food and conserve it. Roughly one- third of the food produced globally is either lost or wasted
every year.(由于缺乏对如何有效利用和保存食物的了解，食物浪费已经成为一个严重的问题。每年全球生
产的粮食大约有三分之一不是丢失就是浪费)”结合后文提到了停止食物浪费日，可知，本句与上文构成转
折，故C选项“然而，食物浪费是可以停止的”符合语境，故选C。
22．根据上文“Stop Food Waste Day is an international day of action in the fight against food waste. It began
back in 2017 by Compass Group, one of the world’s largest food-service companies serving restaurants, cafes,
hospitals, schools, and more.(“停止食物浪费日”是一个打击食物浪费的国际行动日。它始于2017年，由
Compass集团创办，Compass集团是世界上最大的食品服务公司之一，为餐厅、咖啡馆、医院、学校等提供服务)”以及后文“On this day, Compass country teams will work together to raise awareness of the critical
food waste problem and inspire change.(在这一天，Compass国家团队将共同努力，提高人们对严重粮食浪
费问题的认识，并鼓励变革)”可知，上文提到了Compass集团，故本句承接上文继续介绍Compass集团
对食物浪费的态度，下文就是其具体行动，故F选项“Compass集团承诺到2025年减少30%的食物浪
费”符合语境，故选F。
23．根据上文“Stop Food Waste Day aims to educate people about their food waste.(“停止食物浪费日”旨在
教育人们减少食物浪费)”以及后文“Stop Food Waste Day hopes to change the way leftovers are used, so
people can take the most significant advantage of what food they use.(“停止食物浪费日”希望改变剩饭剩菜的
使用方式，这样人们就能最大限度地利用他们所使用的食物)”可知，后文提到了“停止食物浪费日”希望
改变剩饭剩菜的使用方式，即为减少食物浪费提供了解决方案，故E选项“更重要的是，它提供了创造
性和有影响力的解决方案”符合语境，故选E。
24．根据后文“Show your support by looking up simple recipes to best use leftovers and fresh produce. Before
food shopping, plan ahead by making a list and only buying what you know you’ll use.(通过查找简单的食谱来
表达你的支持，最好地利用剩菜和新鲜农产品。在购买食物之前，提前计划好，列一张清单，只买你知
道你会用的东西)”可知，后文提到了食谱对减少食物浪费的作用。故D选项“帮助安排烹饪示范并分享食
谱”符合语境，故选D。
25．根据上文“Show your support by looking up simple recipes to best use leftovers and fresh produce. Before
food shopping, plan ahead by making a list and only buying what you know you’ll use.(通过查找简单的食谱来
表达你的支持，最好地利用剩菜和新鲜农产品。在购买食物之前，提前计划好，列一张清单，只买你知
道你会用的东西)”可知，上文提到了在购买食物之前，提前计划好，列一张清单，只买你知道你会用的东
西，即在购物之前就选好食物，避免浪费。故G选项“在你去购物之前，也要看看哪些食物需要消耗掉，
以避免浪费食物”符合语境，故选G。
