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高中英语熟词生义高频500词汇总

发布时间：2026-10-25 16:53:57 最近访问：2026-10-25 16:53:58

高中英语熟词生义高频500词汇总

很多同学英语单词背了一遍又一遍，看着单词全都认识，放到阅读、七选五、语法填空里却读不懂句意，题目频频踩坑，根源往往就是熟词生义。

高考英语最喜欢考察基础词的冷门释义，这些词本身简单，可一旦考到引申义、活用义，就很容易成为丢分陷阱。近多年高考真题里，熟词生义贯穿阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空、读后续写全题型。

今天整理了这份高中英语高频熟词生义500词，是从历年真题筛选出来的核心清单，标注基础义和高考常考生义。一轮、二轮复习都适合反复翻看，建议大家不要只死记中文意思，结合真题语境去理解，慢慢打破“认识单词却看不懂文章”的困境。

fine (熟义：adj. 好的) Don't park here ,or you'll be fined .(v. 罚款)

book (熟义：n. 书) I have booked two tickets online ahead of time.(v. 预订)

recover (熟义：v. 康复) Police recovered the stolen jewellery yesterday.(v. 追回，找回)

head (熟义：n. 头) We headed for the valley before sunset.(v. 朝……行进)

shoulder (熟义：n. 肩膀) He shouldered the heavy burden of supporting his family.(v. 承担)

address (熟义：n. 地址) We must address the environmental problem immediately.(v. 处理，解决)

strike (熟义：v. 击打；罢工) A brilliant idea struck me when I walked along the street.(v. 突然想到)

cover (熟义：v. 覆盖) The tour covers several ancient towns along the river.(v. 包含；涵盖)

cover (熟义：v. 覆盖) The reporter covered the sports competition live.(v. 采访，报道)

cover (熟义：v. 覆盖) The money can cover our travelling costs.(v. 支付)

run (熟义：v. 跑) His uncle runs a small café in the downtown area.(v. 经营)

run (熟义：v. 跑) The experiment ran for three weeks.(v. 开展，进行)

charge (熟义：v. 收费) The manager took charge of the whole project.(n. 掌管)

charge (熟义：v. 收费) He was charged with stealing from the shop.(v. 指控)

promise (熟义：v. 许诺) The walk promises to be an unforgettable experience.(v. 有希望，预示)

sound (熟义：n. 声音) It is a sound conclusion considering all factors.(adj. 合理的，可靠的)

sound (熟义：n. 声音) He is a sound sleeper and seldom wakes up at night.(adj. 睡得沉的)

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course (熟义：n. 课程) The ship changed its course because of the storm.(n. 航线)

course (熟义：n. 课程) The main course is roast beef with vegetables.(n. 一道菜)

develop (熟义：v. 发展) She developed a bad cold after getting caught in rain.(v. 患上(疾病))

develop (熟义：v. 发展) He developed the photos in the dark room.(v. 冲洗(胶卷))

figure (熟义：n. 数字；人物) I figured that he would refuse my invitation.(v. 认为，料想)

meet (熟义：v. 遇见) The supply cannot meet the growing demand.(v. 满足)

observe (熟义：v. 观察) All visitors must observe the rules of the museum.(v. 遵守)

translate (熟义：v. 翻译) Hard work translates into good grades in the long run.(v. 转化为)

house (熟义：n. 房子) The hall houses a great many valuable paintings.(v. 容纳)

deposit (熟义：n. 存款) She deposited her bag on the bench and ran forward.(v. 放下，放置)

raise (熟义：v. 举起) The accident raised public concern over traffic safety.(v. 引起，引发)

shift (熟义：v. 移动) Many people shifted their focus to mental health.(v. 转变)

pour (熟义：v. 倾倒) Fans poured into the stadium to cheer for their idol.(v. 涌入)

ride (熟义：v. 骑) She rode the subway to school every weekday.(v. 乘坐)

role (熟义：n. 角色) Teachers play an important role in guiding teenagers.(n. 职责，作用)

abandon (熟义：v. 抛弃，放弃) He cheered with abandon when he won the game.(n. 放任，纵情)

absorb (熟义：v. 吸收) He was absorbed in reading the novel and forgot time.(v. 使全神贯注)

access (熟义：n. 通道；使用权) You can access the file with this account.(v. 获取，访问)

account (熟义：n. 账户) Rain accounted for the delay of the flight.(v. 解释)

acknowledge (熟义：v. 承认) We should acknowledge his great contribution to the team.(v. 致谢)

acquire (熟义：v. 获得) Kids acquire language much faster than adults.(v. 习得(语言、习惯))

act (熟义：v. 行动；表演) This act was passed to protect wild animals.(n. 法令，法案)

adapt (熟义：v. 适应) The novel was adapted for the screen last year.(v. 改编)

adopt (熟义：v. 收养) We adopted a new method to solve the problem.(v. 采纳，采用)

advance (熟义：v./n. 前进) You need to pay an advance for the hotel room.(n. 预付款)

afford (熟义：v. 负担得起) The tree affords shade for passers-by in summer.(v. 提供，给予)

air (熟义：n. 空气) He spoke with an air of confidence.(n. 神态，样子)

allow (熟义：v. 允许) We should allow for unexpected difficulties.(v. 考虑到)

alone (熟义：adj. 独自的) Time alone will tell the truth.(adv. 仅仅，只)

amount (熟义：n. 数量) His words amount to a refusal.(v. 等于)

appeal (熟义：v. 呼吁) This style appeals to young students.(v. 吸引)

apply (熟义：v. 申请) The rule applies to every student in our school.(v. 适用)

appoint (熟义：v. 任命) We appointed a time for the group discussion.(v. 约定)

approach (熟义：v. 靠近) This is a practical approach to English learning.(n. 方法，途径)

approve (熟义：v. 赞成) The committee approved the new plan finally.(v. 批准，通过)

argue (熟义：v. 争论) Many experts argue that reading matters more.(v. 主张，认为)

arm (熟义：n. 手臂) The soldiers were armed with advanced equipment.(v. 武装)

arrest (熟义：v. 逮捕) The new drug can arrest the spread of the virus.(v. 阻止，抑制)

arrive (熟义：v. 到达) They arrived at an agreement after hours of talk.(v. 达成(协议、结论))

article (熟义：n. 文章) The shop sells articles of daily use.(n. 物品，商品)

assume (熟义：v. 假定，设想) He assumed the duty of the team leader.(v. 承担(责任))

attend (熟义：v. 出席) Nurses attend to patients day and night.(v. 照料，看护)

average (熟义：adj. 平均的) He is just an average student in the class.(adj. 普通的，一般的)

back (熟义：n. 背部；后面) Many local people backed the new policy.(v. 支持)

balance (熟义：n. 平衡) Check your bank balance before shopping.(n. 余额)

bank (熟义：n. 银行) We had a picnic on the river bank.(n. 河岸)

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bar (熟义：n. 酒吧；条) Lack of confidence is a bar to success.(n. 障碍)

bare (熟义：adj. 赤裸的) He earned the bare minimum to feed his family.(adj. 仅仅的，勉强的)

base (熟义：n. 基础，基地) His story is based on real life.(v. 以……为依据)

bear (熟义：n.熊；v.忍受) The apple tree bears fruit every autumn.(v. 结(果实))

beat (熟义：v.打败；击打) Her heart beat fast with excitement.(v. (心脏)跳动)

bill (熟义：n.账单) The new bill will be discussed next week.(n. 法案)

blank (熟义：adj.空白的) He stared at me with a blank look.(adj. 茫然的，无表情的)

block (熟义：n.大块；街区) Heavy snow blocked the main road.(v. 阻挡，封锁)

board (熟义：n.木板) We will board the plane in ten minutes.(v. 登机)

board (熟义：n.木板) She boards with a local family during school days.(v. 寄宿)

board (熟义：n.木板) The board made the final decision.(n. 董事会)

bound (熟义：v.跳跃) You are bound to meet difficulties on the way.(adj. 必定的)

bow (熟义：v.鞠躬) She tied a bow on the gift box.(n. 蝴蝶结)

branch (熟义：n.树枝) The bank opened a new branch in the town.(n. 分部，分支)

brand (熟义：n.品牌) They branded him as a liar in public.(v. 谴责)

break (熟义：v.打破) Don’t break your promise to your parents.(v. 违背)

breed (熟义：v.繁殖) Poverty often breeds many social problems.(v. 滋生，孕育)

brief (熟义：adj.简短的) The manager briefed us on the new task.(v. 向……简要介绍)

brush (熟义：n.刷子；v.刷) He had a brush with danger yesterday.(n. 小冲突，摩擦)

burst (熟义：v.爆发，爆裂) Fans burst into the hall to see the star.(v. 突然出现)

calculate (熟义：v.计算) The plan is calculated to attract more visitors.(v. 预料，打算)

call (熟义：v.呼叫，打电话) The situation calls for quick action.(v. 需要)

capture (熟义：v.捕获，俘虏) The photo captures her warm smile perfectly.(v. 捕捉(画面、情感))

carry (熟义：v.搬运，携带) The newspaper carries today’s hot news.(v. 刊登)

case (熟义：n.箱子；案例) In that case, we have to change our plan.(n. 情况)

cast (熟义：v.投掷) The sun cast long shadows on the ground.(v. 投射(光、影))

catch (熟义：v.抓住) I didn’t catch what the teacher said just now.(v. 理解)

cause (熟义：v.导致；n.原因) He devoted himself to the environmental cause.(n. 事业)

caution (熟义：n.小心，谨慎) He cautioned us against making hasty decisions.(v. 警告)

celebrate (熟义：v.庆祝) The article celebrates the power of kindness.(v. 颂扬，赞美)

challenge (熟义：n.挑战) Many scientists challenge the old theory.(v. 质疑，对……表示异议)

chance (熟义：n.机会) There is a high chance of rain this afternoon.(n. 可能性)

change (熟义：v.改变) Do you have small change for 100 yuan?(n. 零钱)

channel (熟义：n.频道，海峡) We found a safe channel to hand in suggestions.(n. 渠道，途径)

charm (熟义：n.魅力) Her kindness charmed everyone around her.(v. 使着迷)

check (熟义：v.检查) The trees check the flow of the flood.(v. 抑制)

claim (熟义：v.声称，宣称) The accident claimed three lives last night.(v. 夺去(生命))

clear (熟义：adj.清楚的) The plan cleared after the meeting.(v. 获批通过)

climate (熟义：n.气候) We live in a climate of mutual respect.(n. 风气，氛围)

close (熟义：v.关闭；adj.近的) It was a close game and we won at last.(adj. 势均力敌的)

cloud (熟义：n.云) Sadness clouded her bright eyes.(v. 使模糊)

coach (熟义：n.教练) We took a coach to the mountain village.(n. 长途大巴)

coin (熟义：n.硬币) He coined a new word for this special feeling.(v. 创造(新词))

collect (熟义：v.收集) Please collect your parcel at the service desk.(v. 领取)

colour (熟义：n.颜色) Prejudice coloured his judgement of the event.(v. 影响，歪曲(看法))

come (熟义：v.来) The water came to my knees.(v. 达到)

command (熟义：v./n.命令) She has a good command of French.(v. 掌握，精通)

commit (熟义：v.犯(错、罪)) He committed himself to protecting wild animals.(v. 致力于；承诺)

company (熟义：n.公司) I appreciate your company during the trip.(n. 陪伴)

compare (熟义：v.比较) Poets often compare life to a journey.(v. 比作)

complex (熟义：adj.复杂的) The new apartment complex will open soon.(n. 建筑群)

concern (熟义：v.使担心) The story concerns a brave teenager.(v. 涉及)

conduct (熟义：v.指挥，引导) We will conduct a survey among students.(v. 实施)

conduct (熟义：v.指挥) Copper conducts electricity well.(v. 传导)

confirm (熟义：v.确认) The result confirmed our guess.(v. 证实，证明)

consume (熟义：v.消耗，消费) She was consumed with anger at the news.(v. 使着迷)

contain (熟义：v.包含) She struggled to contain her excitement.(v. 控制，抑制)

熟词生义没有捷径，贵在反复滚动复习。不用一天强行背完几百个，每天抽10–15分钟，分组记忆、定期复盘，日积月累就能避开绝大多数阅读陷阱。

配套挖空自测版已经备好，学完这份清单就可以用来检测掌握情况，查漏补缺。

觉得这份资料有用，欢迎点赞收藏，转发给身边备考的同学。后续会持续更新高考英语真题专题、语法、写作干货，一起稳步提分！

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高中英语熟词生义高频500词汇总

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