ARTICLE · 1306514
语法+短语+单词●重难点归纳
语法+短语+单词●重难点归纳
🔹一、语法考点（核心必背）
1. so / neither / nor 倒装句 ✅（重中之重）
✅口诀：不同主体 → 倒装；同一主体赞同 → 不倒装
1）肯定倒装： So + be动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 …也是如此
- Tom is fond of nature. → So am I.
- Our team is working to protect turtles. → So is theirs.
- She can make a difference. → So can we.
2）否定倒装： Neither / Nor + be动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 …也不
- He doesn’t pollute the atmosphere. → Neither do we.
3）同一主语、表示赞同，不倒装： So + 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词
- Your team works hard. — So it does.
- The way is useful. — So it is.
2. together with / as well as / with 就远原则
谓语动词的单复数，看前面真正的主语，with后面内容只是附带插入语
- Tom, together with his friends, likes first aid.
- The girl, together with her classmates, makes joint efforts.
- Tom, as well as his brother, likes learning.
- The boy with two dogs is running.
only + 状语置于句首，主句部分倒装
only修饰状语从句放句首，主句倒装，从句不倒装
- Only when you want something as badly as you wanted the air just now in the water will you get it.
4. begin 的用法区分
✅物作主语（不及物动词，事情自发开始）
- The meeting begins at 9.
✅人作主语（及物动词，人主动开启），后面可接名词 / to do / doing
- I begin my work at 7.
- She began to cry. = She began crying.
5. used 家族
- used to do sth 过去常常做某事
- be used to do sth 被用来做某事
- be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
6. 一般现在时表将来
✅适用场景：列车、航班、会议、学期等事先安排好、固定时间表的事件
- The train leaves at 8:00 tomorrow.
- The plane takes off at 9:30.
- The meeting begins at 3pm.
- The new semester starts on September.
- The shop opens at 9 tomorrow.
✅时间/条件状语从句（if / when / as soon as / until / before / after），从句常用一般现在表将来
7. 宾语从句：陈述语序 ❗
疑问句放在从句内部，语序改为陈述语序
- ✅ who you are
- ❌ who are you
8. 主现从不限
主句一般现在时，从句时态根据实际情况自由选择
- I still remember what you looked like, and what the environment there was.
9. whether…or not
- I don’t know whether or not he will come.
10. reach / get to / get “到达”辨析
- reach + 名词
- get to + 地点名词
- get + 地点副词（home / there等不加to）
11. 定语从句：最高级先行词用that
- the best thing that can happen
- the worst thing that can happen
12. 时间段 + ago → 一般过去时
🔹二、重点短语
1. leave behind 丢下、遗忘、留下
2. drop out (of) 退学、退出
3. compete with sb 和某人竞争
4. compete against sb 与某人对抗
5. compete for sth 为得到某物而竞争
6. compete in … 参加（比赛）
7. in general 总体来说，大体上
8. in addition 此外，另外
9. in part 部分地，在某种程度上
10. care about 在乎、关心（侧重情感）
11. care for 喜欢；照顾
12. take care of 照料（侧重行动）
13. thanks to sb/sth 多亏……
14. thank for sth 因……而感谢
15. look up to sb 仰慕某人
16. expect to do sth 期待做某事
17. all of a sudden = suddenly 突然
18. have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
19. take trouble to do sth 费心去做某事
20. make a difference (to sth) 产生影响、有所贡献
21. make joint efforts 共同努力
22. make individual efforts 个人努力
23. lead sb to do sth 致使某人做某事
24. provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物
25. imagine doing sth 想象做……
26. imagine sb doing sth 想象某人做某事
27. meet up 相约碰面
28. get on well with sb 与某人相处很好
29. get on badly with sb 和某人相处不好
30. get into 上车；进入；被录取，入学；陷入麻烦
31. shout at sb 冲某人大喊（生气）
32. shout to sb 大声喊叫某人（距离远）
33. at a snail’s pace 慢悠悠地
34. have an advantage over … 胜过，比……有优势
35. go on adventure 去冒险
36. consist of … 由……组成（无被动）
37. consist in 在于，本质是
38. be consistent with … 和……一致
39. be consistent in 在……方面保持一致
40. at the expense of … 以……为代价
41. kneel down 下跪
🔹三、单词（含易混词辨析）
✅易混辨析（高频考点）
1. vocation / vacation
- vocation n.职业
- vacation n.假期
2. desert / dessert
- desert /ˈdezət/ n.沙漠； /dɪˈzɜːt/ v.抛弃，遗弃
- dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/ n.甜点
3. inspiring / inspired
- inspiring adj.（事物）令人鼓舞的
- inspired adj.（人）受到鼓舞的
4. puzzled / puzzling
- puzzled adj.（人）困惑的
- puzzling adj.（事物）令人费解的
5. affect / effect
- affect v.影响
- effect n.效果
- have an effect on； take effect生效； side effect副作用
6. college / colleague
- college n.大学
- colleague n.同事
7. electric / electrical
- electric adj.电动的（实物带电）
- electrical adj.电气方面的（学科领域）
8. agree / support / endorse
- agree：心里认同、同意
- support：支持（精神、行动、资金扶持）
- endorse v.公开认可、代言，正式宣示
-agree with sb； agree to sth； agree on sth（双方商定）
9. mock / laugh at
- mock v.嘲笑、模仿，恶意较强；mock exam 模拟考试
- laugh at 嘲笑，词义中性
10. found / fund
- found v.建立，创立（find的过去式/过去分词）
- fund n.基金，专款 v.资助
11. medium / media
- medium n.媒体、载体（单数）
- media n.新闻媒体（复数）
✅重点词汇
similarity n.相似之处｜similar adj.相似的
dynasty n.朝代
clarify v.澄清，阐明
monument n.纪念碑
miracle n.奇迹
compete v.竞争，比赛
descendant n.后代，后裔
atmosphere n.大气；氛围
register v.登记、注册、报名 n.登记簿
reproduce v.繁殖
badly adv.非常，极其，迫切地
puzzle v.使迷惑 n.谜
duck v.低下头、躲闪 n.鸭子
conservation n.保护；自然资源保护
conserve v.保护、节约
conservative adj.保守的 n.保守派
conservatively adv.保守地
guide v./n.引导；导游
geography n.地理学
shout v.大声呼喊
physician n.内科医生
philosopher n.哲学家
shelter n.避难所 v.躲避
shuttle n.穿梭航班 v.往返运送
shuffle v.打乱顺序
shelter n.避难处
snail n.蜗牛
nail n.指甲，钉子
thumbnail n.手指甲；toenail n.脚趾甲
mould n.模具，霉菌 v.塑造
shrug v./n.耸肩
rug n.小地毯；carpet n.大地毯
attribute v.把……归因于
contribute v.贡献，促成，投稿
distribute v.分发，分配
tribute n.颂词
improve v.提高，改善
upgrade v.升级
dull adj.无聊的，迟钝的
doll n.洋娃娃
expense n.费用，开支
expend v.花费
expensive adj.昂贵的
inexpensive adj.便宜的
core n.核心，要点
score n.分数
advantage n.优势
adventure n./v.冒险
advance adj.提前的
anticipate v.预判，预先准备
kneel v.跪；knee n.膝盖
✅不规则动词汇总
AAA（原形=过去式=过去分词）
spread‑spread‑spread
cost‑cost‑cost
hit‑hit‑hit
set‑set‑set
shut‑shut‑shut
hurt‑hurt‑hurt
bet‑bet‑bet
burst‑burst‑burst
cast‑cast‑cast
split‑split‑split
ABB（过去式＝过去分词）
bring‑brought‑brought
buy‑bought‑bought
think‑thought‑thought
teach‑taught‑taught
catch‑caught‑caught
fight‑fought‑fought
get‑got‑got
leave‑left‑left
feel‑felt‑felt
keep‑kept‑kept
sweep‑swept‑swept
meet‑met‑met
build‑built‑built
lose‑lost‑lost
sell‑sold‑sold
tell‑told‑told
make‑made‑made
stand‑stood‑stood
ABA（原形＝过去分词）
come‑came‑come
become‑became‑become
run‑ran‑run
🔹一、语法考点（核心必背）
1. so / neither / nor 倒装句 ✅（重中之重）
✅口诀：不同主体 → 倒装；同一主体赞同 → 不倒装
1）肯定倒装： So + be动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 …也是如此
- Tom is fond of nature. → So am I.
- Our team is working to protect turtles. → So is theirs.
- She can make a difference. → So can we.
2）否定倒装： Neither / Nor + be动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 …也不
- He doesn’t pollute the atmosphere. → Neither do we.
3）同一主语、表示赞同，不倒装： So + 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词
- Your team works hard. — So it does.
- The way is useful. — So it is.
2. together with / as well as / with 就远原则
谓语动词的单复数，看前面真正的主语，with后面内容只是附带插入语
- Tom, together with his friends, likes first aid.
- The girl, together with her classmates, makes joint efforts.
- Tom, as well as his brother, likes learning.
- The boy with two dogs is running.
only + 状语置于句首，主句部分倒装
only修饰状语从句放句首，主句倒装，从句不倒装
- Only when you want something as badly as you wanted the air just now in the water will you get it.
4. begin 的用法区分
✅物作主语（不及物动词，事情自发开始）
- The meeting begins at 9.
✅人作主语（及物动词，人主动开启），后面可接名词 / to do / doing
- I begin my work at 7.
- She began to cry. = She began crying.
5. used 家族
- used to do sth 过去常常做某事
- be used to do sth 被用来做某事
- be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
6. 一般现在时表将来
✅适用场景：列车、航班、会议、学期等事先安排好、固定时间表的事件
- The train leaves at 8:00 tomorrow.
- The plane takes off at 9:30.
- The meeting begins at 3pm.
- The new semester starts on September.
- The shop opens at 9 tomorrow.
✅时间/条件状语从句（if / when / as soon as / until / before / after），从句常用一般现在表将来
7. 宾语从句：陈述语序 ❗
疑问句放在从句内部，语序改为陈述语序
- ✅ who you are
- ❌ who are you
8. 主现从不限
主句一般现在时，从句时态根据实际情况自由选择
- I still remember what you looked like, and what the environment there was.
9. whether…or not
- I don’t know whether or not he will come.
10. reach / get to / get “到达”辨析
- reach + 名词
- get to + 地点名词
- get + 地点副词（home / there等不加to）
11. 定语从句：最高级先行词用that
- the best thing that can happen
- the worst thing that can happen
12. 时间段 + ago → 一般过去时
🔹二、重点短语
1. leave behind 丢下、遗忘、留下
2. drop out (of) 退学、退出
3. compete with sb 和某人竞争
4. compete against sb 与某人对抗
5. compete for sth 为得到某物而竞争
6. compete in … 参加（比赛）
7. in general 总体来说，大体上
8. in addition 此外，另外
9. in part 部分地，在某种程度上
10. care about 在乎、关心（侧重情感）
11. care for 喜欢；照顾
12. take care of 照料（侧重行动）
13. thanks to sb/sth 多亏……
14. thank for sth 因……而感谢
15. look up to sb 仰慕某人
16. expect to do sth 期待做某事
17. all of a sudden = suddenly 突然
18. have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
19. take trouble to do sth 费心去做某事
20. make a difference (to sth) 产生影响、有所贡献
21. make joint efforts 共同努力
22. make individual efforts 个人努力
23. lead sb to do sth 致使某人做某事
24. provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物
25. imagine doing sth 想象做……
26. imagine sb doing sth 想象某人做某事
27. meet up 相约碰面
28. get on well with sb 与某人相处很好
29. get on badly with sb 和某人相处不好
30. get into 上车；进入；被录取，入学；陷入麻烦
31. shout at sb 冲某人大喊（生气）
32. shout to sb 大声喊叫某人（距离远）
33. at a snail’s pace 慢悠悠地
34. have an advantage over … 胜过，比……有优势
35. go on adventure 去冒险
36. consist of … 由……组成（无被动）
37. consist in 在于，本质是
38. be consistent with … 和……一致
39. be consistent in 在……方面保持一致
40. at the expense of … 以……为代价
41. kneel down 下跪
🔹三、单词（含易混词辨析）
✅易混辨析（高频考点）
1. vocation / vacation
- vocation n.职业
- vacation n.假期
2. desert / dessert
- desert /ˈdezət/ n.沙漠；
- dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/ n.甜点
3. inspiring / inspired
- inspiring adj.（事物）令人鼓舞的
- inspired adj.（人）受到鼓舞的
4. puzzled / puzzling
- puzzled adj.（人）困惑的
- puzzling adj.（事物）令人费解的
5. affect / effect
- affect v.影响
- effect n.效果
- have an effect on；
6. college / colleague
- college n.大学
- colleague n.同事
7. electric / electrical
- electric adj.电动的（实物带电）
- electrical adj.电气方面的（学科领域）
8. agree / support / endorse
- agree：心里认同、同意
- support：支持（精神、行动、资金扶持）
- endorse v.公开认可、代言，正式宣示
-agree with sb；
9. mock / laugh at
- mock v.嘲笑、模仿，恶意较强；mock exam 模拟考试
- laugh at 嘲笑，词义中性
10. found / fund
- found v.建立，创立（find的过去式/过去分词）
- fund n.基金，专款 v.资助
11. medium / media
- medium n.媒体、载体（单数）
- media n.新闻媒体（复数）
✅重点词汇
similarity n.相似之处｜similar adj.相似的
dynasty n.朝代
clarify v.澄清，阐明
monument n.纪念碑
miracle n.奇迹
compete v.竞争，比赛
descendant n.后代，后裔
atmosphere n.大气；氛围
register v.登记、注册、报名 n.登记簿
reproduce v.繁殖
badly adv.非常，极其，迫切地
puzzle v.使迷惑 n.谜
duck v.低下头、躲闪 n.鸭子
conservation n.保护；自然资源保护
conserve v.保护、节约
conservative adj.保守的 n.保守派
conservatively adv.保守地
guide v./n.引导；导游
geography n.地理学
shout v.大声呼喊
physician n.内科医生
philosopher n.哲学家
shelter n.避难所 v.躲避
shuttle n.穿梭航班 v.往返运送
shuffle v.打乱顺序
shelter n.避难处
snail n.蜗牛
nail n.指甲，钉子
thumbnail n.手指甲；toenail n.脚趾甲
mould n.模具，霉菌 v.塑造
shrug v./n.耸肩
rug n.小地毯；carpet n.大地毯
attribute v.把……归因于
contribute v.贡献，促成，投稿
distribute v.分发，分配
tribute n.颂词
improve v.提高，改善
upgrade v.升级
dull adj.无聊的，迟钝的
doll n.洋娃娃
expense n.费用，开支
expend v.花费
expensive adj.昂贵的
inexpensive adj.便宜的
core n.核心，要点
score n.分数
advantage n.优势
adventure n./v.冒险
advance adj.提前的
anticipate v.预判，预先准备
kneel v.跪；knee n.膝盖
✅不规则动词汇总
AAA（原形=过去式=过去分词）
spread‑spread‑spread
cost‑cost‑cost
hit‑hit‑hit
set‑set‑set
shut‑shut‑shut
hurt‑hurt‑hurt
bet‑bet‑bet
burst‑burst‑burst
cast‑cast‑cast
split‑split‑split
ABB（过去式＝过去分词）
bring‑brought‑brought
buy‑bought‑bought
think‑thought‑thought
teach‑taught‑taught
catch‑caught‑caught
fight‑fought‑fought
get‑got‑got
leave‑left‑left
feel‑felt‑felt
keep‑kept‑kept
sweep‑swept‑swept
meet‑met‑met
build‑built‑built
lose‑lost‑lost
sell‑sold‑sold
tell‑told‑told
make‑made‑made
stand‑stood‑stood
ABA（原形＝过去分词）
come‑came‑come
become‑became‑become
run‑ran‑run
