ARTICLE · 1321543
初中英语 when 和 if 的坑:奇速英语讲透“主将从现”
改作业时常见一句:I will call you when I will arrive. 孩子觉得没毛病——事情发生在将来,动词当然用将来时。可英语在这里有个反着来的规矩:从句不用将来时。
规矩只有一条:主将从现
主句说将来,时间或条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。
I will tell him when he comes.(不是 when he will come)
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(不是 if it will rain)
哪些词管这一类
时间:when、while、before、after、as soon as、until、till。
条件:if、unless。
这两组词引导的从句,都守同一条规矩。另外,the moment、the minute、every time 这类名词短语引导的从句,也照此办理:The moment he arrives, we will start.
三种主句,三种配法
主将从现:We will start as soon as he arrives.
主情从现:主句有情态动词,从句照样用现在时。You must call me when you get there.
主祈从现:主句是祈使句,从句也用现在时。Please turn off the lights before you leave.
从句放到前面也一样
When he comes, I will tell him. 位置换了,规矩不变。从句在前时,中间加逗号。
一个容易混的地方:if 的两种身份
if 引导条件状语从句,意思是“如果”,守主将从现。
if 引导宾语从句,意思是“是否”,不守这条规矩,可以用将来时:I don't know if he will come tomorrow.
判断办法很简单:把 if 换成“是否”,句子通,就是宾语从句;换成“如果”才通,就是条件从句。
三句改写,练的是手感
把下面三句改对,孩子对这条规矩就有感觉了。
原句:I will go to bed when I will finish my homework. → I will go to bed when I finish my homework.
原句:We will wait here until the bus will come. → We will wait here until the bus comes.
原句:If he will be free, he will join us. → If he is free, he will join us.
改的时候只动从句里的动词,主句一概不碰。
规矩背后也有道理:从句里那个“将来”,在说话人心里是确定的安排,英语习惯用现在时把它说成既定的事实。理解这一层,就不用死记。
until 的否定句要留神
肯定句里,until 表示“一直到”:I will wait until he comes.
否定句里,not…until 表示“直到……才”:He won't leave until the rain stops. 这一句还是主将从现,从句用 stops。
四类错法对着改
错法一:从句用 will。When you will finish, tell me. → When you finish, tell me.
错法二:主句忘了将来时。If it rains, we stay at home tomorrow. → we will stay
错法三:as soon as 后面用将来时。As soon as he will come, I will go. → As soon as he comes
错法四:if 两种身份混用。I don't know if it rains tomorrow. → if it will rain(这里表“是否”)
随堂小练(答案在文末)
1. I ______ (call) you as soon as I ______ (get) home.
2. If it ______ (be) fine tomorrow, we ______ (go) hiking.
3. 改错:She will go to Beijing when she will finish her work.
4. ______ he ______ (come) tomorrow, I will show him the photos.(用 if 开头)
5. 选择:I don't know if he ______ (comes / will come) next week.
答案:1. will call;get 2. is;will go 3. 删去第二个 will,改为 when she finishes her work 4. If;comes 5. will come(宾语从句,表“是否”)
奇速英语讲语法有个固定动作:先给判断依据,再给五道随手练,孩子当堂就能发现自己在哪一步走岔了。规则记三条,比背三十条管用。
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