跟着真题学英语|南极海冰-2026年北京中考阅读理解C篇

本篇是科普说明文，主题是南极海冰变化机制，属于地理环境科学类语篇，难度稍高，侧重考查信息梳理、事件排序、图表理解、标题归纳。

北极海冰持续缩减，而南极海冰在2015年前缓慢增加，2015年后快速下降；推翻“气温升高是主因”的猜想，提出深层暖盐水、风暴带南移是核心影响因素；解释海冰先增后减的动态机制，最后说明科研人员建立模型预测未来变化。

27是图文匹配题，考查对变化趋势的理解，2015年前上升，2015之后快速下降；28是事件排序题，是科普说明文经典区分题型，考查梳理段落内事件逻辑顺序；29是标题归纳题，压轴题，考查学生把握全文探讨的核心问题。

学生容易凭常识认为气温变暖直接融化海冰，忽略文章核心论点，全文一直在探讨南极海冰融化的成因到底是什么；排序题容易颠倒淡水层形成和暖水上涌的先后顺序。

语法上大量使用状语从句、定语从句、分词作定语、非谓语结构，句子长、信息密度大，对学生长句拆解能力要求高。

C

While the size of Arctic sea ice has dropped by about 40 percent over 40 years, until recently, the size of the sea ice around Antarctica was slowly increasing. Then, after 2015, Antarctic ice extent fell from a record high to several record lows, losing an area as large as Greenland.

Some research has suggested that higher air temperatures may be the cause. However, two new studies show that ocean warming played a bigger role in this dramatic change. As part of global ocean circulation, warm saltwater moves southward from the tropics and circles Antarctica 200 metres below the surface. But temperature and salinity records of the past 20 years suggest that this warm deep saltwater has been rising towards the surface, where it can melt sea ice.

Antarctica is encircled by a belt of strong winds and storms. Climate change has pushed this storm belt southward, bringing more rain and snow into the sea ice area, according to a study by Earle Wilson and other researchers at Stanford University. The rain and snow create a layer of fresh surface water that better protects the bottom of the sea ice from warm deep saltwater, allowing it to grow to its 2014 record high. But the same southward-moving storm belt also brings stronger winds. These winds blow surface water and ice forward. As this happens, warm deep saltwater rises up to fill the empty space.

Between 2014 and 2016, this wind-driven rising began to get the upper hand against the protective layer of increased rain and snow, and sea ice began to melt away. When the researchers input the recorded ocean data into a computer model, it projected that sea ice would grow and then become smaller, as it did in the real world.

The researchers plan to study and model other things, which also play roles throughout Antarctica. Examples include changes in sea ice movement and increases in ocean mixing resulting from more storms. By studying the ocean data, they hope to build a model to project changes in Antarctic sea ice in the years to come.

27. Which of the following best shows the Antarctic sea ice changes around 2015?

28. In which order are the following events discussed in Paragraph 3?

①Warm deep saltwater rises to the surface.

②A layer of fresh surface water is created.

③Surface water and ice are blown forward.

④More rain and snow are brought into the sea ice area.

A. ②④①③ B. ②④③①  C. ④②①③  D. ④②③①

29. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A. Where is Antarctic sea ice loss taking us?

B. Is this the cause of Antarctic sea ice loss?

C. Will a new model explain Antarctic sea ice melting?

D. How does fresh surface water protect Antarctic sea ice?

重点短语 

1.sea ice 海冰

2.drop by 下降了……

3.ice extent 海冰覆盖面积

4.fall from … to … 从…… 下降至……

5.a record high 历史最高值、峰值

6.a record low 历史最低值

7.as large as … 和…… 一样大

8.global ocean circulation 全球洋流循环

9.salinity record 盐度记录

10.a belt of strong winds 强风带

11.storm belt 风暴带

12.create a layer of 形成一层

13.protect…from… 保护……免受……

14.get the upper hand 占上风，取得主导

15.melt away 融化、消融

16.input data into a model 把数据输入模型

17.project changes 预测变化

长难句与复合句解析

句子1：While the size of Arctic sea ice has dropped by about 40 percent over 40 years, until recently, the size of the sea ice around Antarctica was slowly increasing.

句子结构：while引导让步状语从句，译为“虽然”。

翻译：虽然四十年来北极海冰面积缩减了大约40%，但直到不久之前，南极周边的海冰面积还在缓慢增长。 

句子2：Then, after 2015, Antarctic ice extent fell from a record high to several record lows, losing an area as large as Greenland.

句子结构：主句是Antarctic ice extent fell from a record high to several record lows ；Then, after 2015 时间状语，losing an area as large as Greenland现在分词作结果状语（自然而然带来的结果）

翻译：随后，2015年之后，南极海冰面积从历史峰值跌至多次历史最低值，缩减的面积相当于整个格陵兰岛大小。

句子3：But temperature and salinity records of the past 20 years suggest that this warm deep saltwater has been rising towards the surface, where it can melt sea ice.

句子结构：主句主语是temperature and salinity records，谓语suggest；that引导宾语从句；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰surface。

翻译：但是过去二十年的温度、盐度记录表明，这种深层暖盐水一直在向海面上升，到达海面之后就会融化海冰。 

句子4：The rain and snow create a layer of fresh surface water that better protects the bottom of the sea ice from warm deep saltwater, allowing it to grow to its 2014 record high.

句子结构：that引导定语从句修饰fresh surface water；末尾allowing…是现在分词作结果状语。

翻译：雨雪形成一层淡水表层水，更好地隔绝深层暖盐水，保护海冰底部，让海冰在2014年增长到历史最高值。 

句子5：Between 2014 and 2016, this wind-driven rising began to get the upper hand against the protective layer of increased rain and snow, and sea ice began to melt away.

句子结构：and连接并列分句；wind-driven是合成形容词，意为风力驱动的。

翻译：在2014至2016年间，这种由风力推动的暖水上涌，慢慢压过雨雪形成的保护层，海冰开始消融。

句子6：When the researchers input the recorded ocean data into a computer model, it projected that sea ice would grow and then become smaller, as it did in the real world.

句子结构：When引导时间状语从句，主句是it projected that sea ice would grow and then become smaller。主句内部嵌套that引导宾语从句（作projected 的宾语） 

方式状语从句：as it did in the real world

as此处引导方式状语从句，含义：正如、就像；did 为替代动词，代替前面的 (would) grow and then become smaller，避免重复。

翻译：研究人员把记录下来的海洋数据输入计算机模型后，该模型预测：海冰会先增多，随后减少，和现实世界里的变化情况一致。

句子7：By studying the ocean data, they hope to build a model to project changes in Antarctic sea ice in the years to come.

句子结构：by doing方式状语；不定式to build作hope宾语，to project作目的状语。

翻译：通过研究海洋数据，他们希望建立模型，预测未来南极海冰的变化。

答案简析

27.A 解析：2015之前上升，2015之后下降，对应先升后降的曲线。

28.D 解析：顺序：④雨雪被带到海冰区域→②形成淡水表层水→③表层水和海冰被风吹动前移→①深层暖盐水上涌。

29.B 解析：全文核心在探讨南极海冰消融到底是什么原因。