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医学书籍《肺移植技术》pdf肺移植是终末期肺病患者的最后希望，技术门槛极高。核心在于供体匹配、缺血时间控制和术后免疫抑制。冷缺血时间通常控制在4-6小时内，否则肺组织易受损。术后急性排斥和感染是两大死敌，需终身服用他克莫司等抗排异药。单肺移植适用于COPD患者，双肺更常见于囊性纤维化等感染性病变。5年生存率约50-60%，但若出现闭塞性细支气管炎，长期预后锐减。技术已成熟，但供体短缺仍是全球痛点。ECMO桥接为危重患者争取时间，但术后康复之路漫长且凶险。
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