根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Pictures and videos of all sorts of animals regularly go viral these days because people connect with the apparent joy, friendship and playfulness of these animals. Unfortunately, the initial enthusiasm of these posts is often squashed by someone rightly noting that the animal’s reaction is not joy or pleasure, but fear, anger or pain.1 The reason we often get cases like this wrong is that we interpret the emotion content of many behaviors automatically and unconsciously. This is a version of anthropomorphism: interpreting animals as we would interpret another human.The standard view has been that anthropomorphism is primarily an error of overestimating the intelligence of animals. In recent decades, many authors have pushed against this attitude towards anthropomorphism, arguing animals are a lot like us and that many “anthropomorphic” claims about animals are actually true.2 Once we agree that animals do, in fact, have emotions, we can acknowledge that the anthropomorphic mistake is not seeing emotion where there is none—it is seeing the wrong emotion.Each of us has a set of perceptual, emotional and cognitive capacities that allow us to engage and understand one another socially. These capacities help guide and structure all sorts of interactions, and we are generally not even aware we are using them. 3 Things can get messy, though, when we use them to interpret animals.Perhaps the best‑studied version of this is the primate “grin”. The animal is not happy, it turns out. The exact signaling function varies by species, but it usually signals something more like fear or anxiety. This kind of anthropomorphism is a form of cognitive bias resulting from shortcuts taken by our reasoning processes, usually without our awareness.4 Traditionally, assumptions about how and when people anthropomorphise have been so fixed that the psychology did not seem worth investigating. For example, zoologists Jesús Rivus and Gordon Burghardt note that anthropomorphism comes in many forms and can catch you off guard.While the recognition of “many forms” is progress, it makes the need for evidence‑based research only more pressing. By focusing on implicit anthropomorphism, we shift attention from debating specific “humanlike” features to examining the deeper psychological mechanisms. 5A. However, the author avoids taking sides in this black‑and‑white argument.B. This common misunderstanding comes from a thinking pattern called anthropomorphism.C. These mental tools are originally designed to smooth human‑to‑human communication.D. We should examine anthropomorphism from the viewpoint of cognitive bias.E. People have long found it easy to tell animals’ inner feelings from their gestures.F. This new research direction is believed to be the most meaningful part of the topic.G. Many scientists have carried out long‑term experiments on animal facial expressions.
答案
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.F
逐题解析
1.B空处在第一段末尾，起到承上启下。上文讲人们误读动物视频情绪，下文引出anthropomorphism（拟人化）概念。B项指出这种普遍误解来自拟人化思维，自然引出下文定义。E为干扰项，和原文人们常常误判的事实相反。2.A前文介绍两种对立观点：传统派批判拟人化、近代学者支持拟人化。后文提出作者全新看法。A项“作者不愿在非黑即白的争论中站队”，衔接正反两方争论，引出作者观点。3.C前文提到人类拥有感知、情绪、认知能力，用于人与人社交。C项“这套思维工具原本是为了顺畅的人际交流形成的”承接“human interaction”；后文转折：用来解读动物就会出问题，逻辑连贯。4.D本段开启新层次讨论，后文围绕从心理学角度研究拟人化展开。D项总起本段：我们应当从认知偏见角度研究拟人化，为本段中心句。5.F位于文章结尾，上文提到把重心放在隐性拟人化，深挖心理机制。F项“这个新研究方向被认为是该课题最有价值的部分”对应文末最后一句“the most challenging and most significant dimension”，收束全文。
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