沪外教8年级英语上册高清教材_4-教培资料-26年最新资料-同步更新_初中高中教资_03科三专项（进去保存报考的学科即可）_02科三专项（笔记真题思维导图教学设计版本二）

UNIT TOPIC AREAS FUNCTIONS Enjoying Reading Historic Places Celebrities Let’s Celebrate International Sports Events Dining Customs Personal Celebrations We Are All Geographers! Environment Words and Expressions in Each Unit ( PP145-153 ) Vocabulary Index PP154-161 ) ( PP1-14 ) ( PP15-28 ) ( PP29-44 ) ( PP45-59 ) ( PP60-73 ) ( PP74-86 ) ( PP87-100 ) ( PP101-116 ) ( PP117-131 ) ( PP132-144 ) Reading books, newspapers, magazines Places of interest Travel Locations Jobs and careers Lifestyle Biography Theaters and programmes Booking tickets Selecting TV programmes Festivals and holidays Celebrations Sports and games Table manners Eating customs Kinds of food Special events Personal celebrations Geography Continents and oceans Places of historical interest Environmental problems Population Pollution Water supplies Talking about results and causes Talking about continuity Describing experience and progress Describing effects Talking about events in the recent past Talking about places Expressing opinions Asking for information Talking about a career Identifying time and place in different tenses Agreement and disagreement Talking about spare time activities Expressing opinions Giving advice Talking about festivals Expressing emotions Expressing wishes Intentions and plans Surprise and disappointment Talking about a past situation or a past habit Talking about sports events Talking about meals Offering and ordering Preference Giving advice Expressing wishes Saying congratulations Giving invitations Talking about reading a map Asking for directions Recommending Describing places Suggestions Blame and complaint Indifference Reminding and warning 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Movies and Plays STRUCTURES CHAT ROOM PROGRAMME Present perfect: have / has + past participle (regular verb) Adverbs used with present perfect: just, already, never, yet, since and for have / has been to … have / has gone to … haven’t / hasn’t been to … Comparison of present perfect and simple past Adverbial clause introduced by since have / has done (irregular verbs) have / has been + n. / adj. / prep. had better not should need to… Neither / So do I. Neither / So have I. all / both / either / neither / none Tag questions Exclamation used to Past continuous The infinitive Alternative It is + adjective + infinitive Verbs followed by objective + infinitive Verbs followed by what / which / how / where / when + infinitive Adverbial clause of time Conjunctions: when, as soon as, until used to not … until Revision of the infinitives Gerund used in short prohibitions Dialogue 1 Today’s TV news Dialogue 2 An interview with William Shakespeare Dialogue 1 Scotland Dialogue 2 A phone call Dialogue 1 The Sherlock Homes’ Museum Dialogue 2 Dr Hawking’s speech Dialogue 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Dialogue 2 A new French film Dialogue 1 How did you celebrate the New Year? Dialogue 2 Did the Easter bunny bring you any chocolate eggs? Dialogue 1 A great workout Dialogue 2 It’s like a big party! Dialogue 1 Are you ready to order now? Dialogue 2 I have got an invitation to someone’s house Dialogue 1 Before the party Dialogue 2 During the party Dialogue 3 After the party Dialogue 1 We are all geographers! Dialogue 2 Let’s go to Ireland Dialogue 1 Greenpeace Dialogue 2 Tap-water tested Item 1 Winnie-the-Pooh, a world-famous bear Item 2 Wilbur wants a friend *Item 3 Using an information book Item 1 Eton College Item 2 Nanjing — A city rich in history & culture *Item 3 Boston Item 1 Bill Gates Item 2 Yang Liwei, the first Chinese astronaut *Item 3 A famous couple Item 1 Kung Fu Panda Item 2 The Spy 007 *Item 3 Web movies Item 1 Trick or treat! Item 2 Our Thanksgiving on the farm *Item 3 New Year’s celebrations in China Item 1 The Olympic Games Item 2 The World Cup *Item 3 I love this game Item 1 Eating habits in America Item 2 Table manners for children *Item 3 How to lay the table Item 1 Is it traditional to have a birthday like this? Item 2 A birthday party *Item 3 Weddings in the United States Item 1 Antarctica Item 2 The largest ocean — the Pacific Ocean *Item 3 Shanghai — the largest city in China Item 1 People and the planet (1) Item 2 People and the planet (2) *Item 3 Water supplies Unit Unit Enjoying Reading Enjoying Reading 1 Topic Areas Reading books, newspapers, magazines Functions Talking about results and causes Talking about continuity Discussing experience and progress Structures Present perfect: have / has + past participle (regular verb) Adverbs used with present perfect: just, already, never, yet, since and for Highlights Highlights Chat Room Dialogue 1 Today’s TV news Dialogue 2 An interview with William Shakespeare Programme Item 1 Winnie-the-Pooh, a world-famous bear Item 2 Wilbur wants a friend Item 3 Using an information book * The Wizard of Oz Oliver Twist Sherlock Holmes post the letter close the door 1  Listen and say. A: Which book are you learning now? B: We’re learning Book 3. A: So, have you learned Book 2? B: Oh, yes. 2  Listen and practise. A: Have you borrowed the latest Harry Potter book? B: Yes, I have. I have just borrowed it. 3  Listen to the dialogues and then make similar ones. A: Are you going to watch the performance? B: No, I am not. A: Why not? B: I’ve already watched it. Getting Started Getting Started 1 post the letter listen to the tape 2 Unit 1 dry the dishes carry the bag upstairs play the tape magazine talk with your monitor collect these stamps fill the bottle look up the word in the dictionary 5  Listen and say. A: Have you washed your hands? B: No, I haven’t yet. 6  Listen and make dialogues of your own. A: Has Fred emptied the rubbish bin? B: No, not yet. A: Please tell him to do it at once. B: All right. 4  Listen and practise. 1 Getting Started Getting Started i ma rd wor look up the w talk with your mon t d th di h t. th b t l th t A: Have you finished reading the book? B: Yes, I have. A: Is it interesting? B: Yes, it is. A: Can I borrow it? B: Certainly. novel newspaper 3 Enjoying Reading paint the wall 7  Listen and practise. A: Have you ever played golf ? B: No, I’ve never played golf . 8  Listen and work in pairs. A: Where are you from? Are you from Canada? B: I’m from the U. S. A: How long have you stayed in China? B: I’ve stayed in China for three months. From ... Venezuela Switzerland South Africa In ... France Sweden Cuba How long ... half a year two years three and a half years 9  Listen and make new dialogues. A: Is Jack a student? B: Yes, he is. A: How long has he studied French? B: He has studied French since last year. Who? What? How long? Danny clean the room since this afternoon Mike work as a doctor since 2000 Fanny & Joe prepare the meal since 4 p.m. Sandy travel abroad since two years ago Getting Started Getting Started 1 g i t th ll i h ll polish a leather jacket fix a computer 4 Unit 1 Dialogue 1  Today’s TV news A: Have you watched today’s TV news? B: No, not yet. Why? A: There was something bad on today’s news. A thief broke into a primary school in West London last month, and stole twenty computer chips. B: Oh, yes. The theft of computer chips is a fast-growing crime in the area. The goods are easy to dispose of. Thieves sell them at a great profit. Have the police caught the thief? A: Yes, it was an 18-year-old young man. He was sentenced to a year’s community service. It serves him right. Dialogue 2  An interview with William Shakespeare 2 Chat Room Chat Room hips. t growing crime in the area Interviewer: Mr Shakespeare, it’s very good of you to spare some time to come and talk with us about your life and works. You were born in Stratford-upon-Avon, weren’t you? William Shakespeare: Yes, it’s a lovely town. People from all over the world go there to visit my grave and watch my plays. Interviewer: Which of your own plays are your favourites? William Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet. It is one of my early works. The story is sad but romantic. The 20th Century Fox has filmed it in a modern way. I think Leonardo DiCaprio is a suitable Romeo for modern audience. (laugh) Among my later works, I like King Lear best. I believe the storm scene and Cordelia’s death scene are two of my most inspired pieces. A Japanese film producer has also adapted it into a film. Then, The Tempest has its good points too. It’s my farewell to the stage, you know. Interviewer: Thank you, Mr Shakespeare. I’m sure we’ll all continue to enjoy your plays and poems for years to come. s 5 Enjoying Reading 3 Programme Programme Item 1 Winnie-the-Pooh, a world-famous bear 1  Listen to the passage and fi ll in the blanks according to the text you hear. Winnie-the-Pooh first made his appearance in a (1) ________ called Teddy Bear in 1923. Three years later, Milne (2) _______ his stories about Winnie- the-Pooh. Since then, Winnie-the-Pooh has become a (3) _______ bear. The characters, such as Pooh, Piglet, Eeyore, Tigger, Kanga and Roo, are based on the real (4) _______ of Milne’s son’s. The boy’s name was Christopher Robin. The artist named E.H. Shepard (5) _______ the lovely pictures of the Ashdown Forest and the characters in the stories. 2 Read the passage and match the words or phrases with their defi nitions. Have you ever read Winnie-the-Pooh? Here is something about the book. Winnie-the-Pooh made his fi rst appearance in a poem called Teddy Bear by Alan Alexander Milne in Punch magazine in 1923. In 1926, Milne fi rst published his stories about Winnie-the-Pooh. They were a great success. Since then, Winnie- the-Pooh has become a world-famous bear. The characters of Pooh, Piglet, Eeyore, Tigger, Kanga and Roo, are based on the real toys of Milne’s son’s. The boy’s name was Christopher Robin. The artist, E.H. Shepard, drew the lovely Ashdown Forest and the characters in the stories. Today, you can still see the places he drew. 6 Unit 1 3 Programme Programme 3 Do you know anything about “Winnie and his friends”? Share what you know with your classmates. Column A Column B (1) appearance a. produce (a book / newspaper / magazine) (2) publish b. a person in a book, fi lm, etc. (3) character c. the way something or someone looks (4) success d. something very popular lamb fence ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) gnaw hatch rat Item 2 Wilbur wants a friend 1 Choose the right picture that each word describes. 7 Enjoying Reading Questions: (1) Who has Wilbur asked to play? (2) Why don’t the others want to play with Wilbur? (3) Who is Templeton? (4) What do you think Wilbur will do next? 3  Listen to the next part of this story with your book closed. Then read the passage, ask your partner some questions about the passage and fi nd the answers together. Late that afternoon, Lurvy went to Mr Zuckerman. “I think there’s something wrong with that pig of yours. He hasn’t touched his food.” “Give him two spoonfuls of medicine,” said Mr Zuckerman. Wilbur couldn’t believe what was happening to him when Lurvy caught him and forced the medicine down his throat. This was certainly the worst day of his life. Darkness settled over everything. Soon there were only shadows and noises of the sheep chewing. You can imagine Wilbur’s surprise when, out of the darkness, came a small voice. It sounded rather thin, but pleasant. “Do you want a friend, Wilbur?” it said. “I’ll be a friend to you. I have watched you all day and I like you.” “But I can’t see you,” said Wilbur, jumping to his feet. “Where are you? And who are you? ” “I’m right up here,” said the voice. “Go to sleep. You’ll see me in the morning.” 3 Programme Programme 2  Listen to the passage with your book shut. Then read it and answer the questions. It is still raining outside. Wilbur feels lonely in the barn. He has asked the goose to come and play, but the goose is sitting on her eggs. Of course she doesn’t play when there are eggs to hatch. He has tried one of the lambs, but the lamb, in the fi rst place, is not old enough to jump over the fence, and in the second place, she is not interested in pigs! He has asked Templeton. “Play? I never do those things if I can avoid them,” replied the rat, sourly. “I prefer to spend my time eating, gnawing, spying and hiding. Right now I am on my way to your trough to eat your breakfast.” 8 Unit 1 4 Act out the story. 5 Discussion Do you know anything else about Wilbur? What book is the story chosen from? Do you know any other animals in the story? Who do you like best? Discuss the questions with your partner. 3 Programme Programme Introduction 2-3 IN THE NEWS The Spread of Drug Use 4-5 An International Concern 6-7 Drugs and the Media 8-9 WHAT IS A DRUG? The Facts about Drug Use 10-11 The History of Drug Use 12-13 The Risks to Health 14-15 Laws and Restrictions 16-17 Tracking the Cargoes 18-19 Where to Turn 20-21 Confl icts of Opinion 22-23 LATEST NEWS Drugs in the Public Eye 24-25 A Growing Occurrence? 26-27 A New Approach 28-29 What Can We Do? 30 Glossary 31 Index 32 *Item 3 Using an information book 1 Here are the contents page and parts of the glossary and the index from a book on drugs. Learn how to use these pages. addiction 10, 14, 27, 31 advertising 8-9 alcohol 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12-13, 14, 15, 16, 20 amphetamines 5, 7, 11, 18, 19 caffeine 2, 6, 11, 16 cocaine 2, 11, 12, 18, 19 crack 2, 11, 20, 22, 29 crime 26 dealers 3, 6-7, 17 detoxifi cation centers 14-15 drug misuse 31 education 3, 20, 23, 27, 28, 30 effects 10-11, 14-15, 27, 30 entertainment industry 25 history 12-13 punishment 3, 17, 22, 27-28 reasons 4, 24-25, 31 restrictions 16-17, 30 Box 1 Box 2 9 Enjoying Reading 2 Read and answer the questions. What is a contents page? What is an index? What is a glossary? Which box in Ex. 1 is a contents page? Which is an in- dex? Which is a glossary? An index tells you where to fi nd specifi c things. It comes near the end of the book. A glossary tells you the meaning of new words. It comes near the end of the book. A contents page tells you what sec- tions the book is divided into. It comes at the beginning of a book. 3 Read the boxes in Ex. 1 again and answer the following questions. (1) On which page can you fi nd The History of Drug Use? (2) Suppose you need some information about the public opinion on drugs. Which article will you read? Where is the article? (3) Suppose we want to put a stricter control on the use of drugs. Which page has the related information? (4) Which pages of the book give the information about cocaine? (5) What is addiction? Where can we fi nd details about addiction in this book? (6) What does the media mean? (7) Where else can you fi nd the word restrictions besides pages 16 &17? (8) Where does the Index page start? (9) On which page is the Glossary? 3 Programme Programme Abuse To use something in an excessive or harmful way. Addiction A habit that is very diffi cult to break. Coca The shrub from which cocaine is obtained. Counseling Helping people to understand their problems by talking with them. Dependent Not able to live a normal life without a certain substance, object or person. Detoxifi cation Cleaning the body of a poison or drug. Hallucinations Seeing the world in a different way, or seeing visions. Illegal Unlawful Impurity Something that is mixed into a purer substance. Media Newspapers, books, TV, fi lms, magazines, etc. 4 Find a book that contains a contents page, an index and a glossary. Show it to your classmates. A. B. C. Box 3 10 Unit 1 4 Message Box Message Box Box 3 I’ve = I have You’ve = You have haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not Box 5 since + a specifi ed time for + a length of time 1941 January last Sunday the beginning of the year then fi ve years one and a half years three weeks seven days Box 2 -ed paint-painted-painted kick-kicked-kicked -d close-closed-closed decide-decided-decided -yed play-played-played stay-stayed-stayed -ied try-tried-tried reply-replied-replied -**ed admit-admitted-admitted rub-rubbed-rubbed Box 1 /d/ rain-rained-rained open-opened-opened show-showed-showed clean-cleaned-cleaned /t/ look-looked-looked pass-passed-passed watch-watched-watched pump-pumped-pumped /Id/ want-wanted-wanted wait-waited-waited pretend-pretended-pretended mend-mended-mended Box 4 affi rmative sentence I have (already) watched this movie. He has (already) visited this city. negative sentence I have not watched this movie (yet). I have never watched this movie. He has not visited this city (yet). He has never visited this city. interrogative sentence Have you (already/ever) watched this movie (yet)? Has he (already/ever) visited this city (yet)? 11 Enjoying Reading 5 Data Bank Data Bank 1  When there is an adverbial at the beginning of a sentence, there is always a rising tone. Look at the following examples. 2  Read the following sentences, paying attention to the tones. (1) Down there you can see several trees. (2) At once he fastened the seat belt. (3) There comes Thomas. (4) Immediately she opened the suitcase. (5) Behind the screen some performers are operating the puppets. 1 Presentation Give a brief introduction of your favourite book or author. 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab (1) Here the cars don’t travel on the right. (2) Right now he’s sitting at his desk. (3) Here people have two days off every week. (4) In front of the blackboard there’s a teacher’s desk. (5) Under the portraits there’s a blackboard. 2 Pair Work Make up your own dialogue between Wilbur and Charlotte, and perform it with your deskmate. 12 Unit 1 6 DIY Lab 3 Group Work Choose a book mentioned in this unit to do some group reading. Talk with your group members about the part you have read. 5 Internet Surfing Browse on the Internet for a book that you are interested in. Tell your classmates who is the author of the book, what the book is about and when it was published. 7 Culture Corner Compared with traditional reading, digital reading is more convenient. You can read anywhere and anytime. If you are under conditions of darkness, you can still continue to read the book that you have not finished. The main reasons for people buying e-books online are possibly lower prices, in- creased comfort and a larger selection of titles. 4 Problem Solving Your school is going to build a new modern library. As a librar- ian, please give your suggestions on how to design this library, including how to divide rooms properly, what kinds of books to buy, how to arrange books, etc. Talk about your plan. 13 Enjoying Reading 1 Riddles. 3  A song. 8 Game Zone Game Zone (1) I went to school one morning. And I walked like this. Walked like this, walked like this. I went to school one morning. And I walked like this, All on my way to school. (2) I saw a little robin, And he hopped like this. Hopped like this, hopped like this. I saw a little robin and he hopped like this. All on my way to school. (3) I saw a shiny river, And I splashed like this, splashed like this. I saw a shiny river and I splashed like this. All on my way to school. (1) What kind of ball is fun to play with but doesn’t bounce? (2) The alphabet goes from “a” to “z”, what goes from “z” to “a”? (3) From what number can you take a half and leave nothing? (4) When is a house not on land nor on water? Who has seen the wind? Neither I nor you; But when the leaves Hang trembling, The wind is passing through. Who has seen the wind? Neither you nor I; But when the trees Bow down their heads, The wind is passing by. Who Has Seen The Wind? Christina Rossetti I went to school one morning (4) I saw a little pony, And he galloped like this… (5) I saw a poor old lady, And she hobbled like this… (6) I saw a tall policeman, And he stood like this… (7) I heard the school bell ringing, And I ran like this… 2  A rhyme. 14 Unit 1 15 . 15 . Unit Unit Historic Places Historic Places 2 Topic Areas Places of interest Travel Locations Functions Describing effects Talking about events in the recent past Talking about places Structures have / has been to … have / has gone to … haven’t / hasn’t been to … Comparison of present perfect and simple past Adverbial clause introduced by since Highlights Highlights Chat Room Dialogue 1 Scotland Dialogue 2 A phone call Programme Item 1 Eton College Item 2 Nanjing – A city rich in history & culture Item 3 Boston * Leaning Tower of Pisa Pisa, Italy Big Ben London, England Neuschwanstein Castle Bavaria, Germany 1  Listen and learn. 2 Look at the pictures and make similar dialogues. Getting Started Getting Started 1 A: Have you ever been to China? B: Yes, I have. A: Have you been to the Great Wall? B: No, I haven’t. Where is it? A: It’s in Beijing. 3  Listen and practise. A: Has Tony ever been to France? B: Yes, he has. A: Has he been to the Eiffel Tower? B: No, he hasn’t. Where is it? A: It’s in Paris. You the Pyramids and Sphinx Giza Egypt Ricky Leeds Castle Kent England Larry and Jane Arc de Triomphe Paris France 16 Unit 2 the swimming pool the Children’s Palace church 6  Listen and practise in the same way. 1 Getting Started Getting Started 4  Listen and practise. A: Where’s your father? B: He has gone to Scotland. He will stay in Edinburgh. Dick’s brother the US New Orleans Donna France Marseille Kate and Ann Greece Athens 5  Listen and practise. A: Have they gone to India? B: No, they haven’t. They will leave the day after tomorrow. Tony Thailand next Monday Angela Venezuela tomorrow morning Kate and Ann Greece Nov. 12 church h h A: I didn’t see you just now. Where have you been? B: I’ve been to the cinema. A: When did you go to the cinema? B: This afternoon. 17 Historic Places Getting Started Getting Started 1 a model of the Eiffel Tower France, 2009 a cushion India, 2010 a pair of wooden shoes Holland, last year 7  Listen and make similar dialogues. 8  Listen and make similar dialogues. A: I bought this hat in Mexico in 2001. B: Have you been to Mexico since then? A: No, I haven’t been there since I came back. a necklace the Philippines, 3 years ago a pair of wooden shoe Who? Where? Since when? Which year? I New Zealand I got married 2004 Jim Finland he became an engineer 1996 A: Have you been to South Africa recently? B: No. I haven’t been there since I moved to Europe. A: When were you in South Africa last time? B: I was there in 1997 last time. 18 Unit 2 (Telephone rings.) A: Hello! B: Hi, is that Tom? This is Uncle Ray. Is your father there? A: Hello, Uncle Ray. Dad isn’t at home. He’s gone to India. B: India! What for? A: He’s on a business trip. B: He hasn’t been to India before, has he? A: No, he hasn’t. He said he would go to the Taj Mahal. B: Sounds good. He is very busy, though. A: Yes. He travels a lot and is rarely home. B: When is he coming back? A: In two weeks, I think. B: OK, I’ll call him then. Bye, Tom. A: Bye-bye, Uncle Ray. Dialogue 2  A phone call 2 Chat Room Chat Room Dialogue 1  Scotland A: Great to see you again! Where have you been recently? B: I’ve just been to Scotland. A: Scotland! Terrific! It’s a beautiful place, isn’t it? B: Yes, it is. Scotland is famous for its castles and waterfalls. A: Have you been to Stirling Castle? It’s said that Stirling Castle is unique. B: Yes, I’ve been there. Stirling Castle is the grandest of Scotland’s castles. Here are some photographs. A: Oh, what nice pictures! I hope that I can go there one day! 19 Historic Places 3 Programme Item 1 Eton College 1 Look at the pictures and match them with the words. 2 Match the words in column A with their definitions in column B. rats scholar tailcoat pin-striped trousers 3  Listen to the passage with your book shut. Then read the passage and answer the questions. In 1440, Henry VI founded Eton College to provide free education for 70 poor scholars. They would then go on with their study at King’s College, Cambridge. Life in the early days was harsh — rats ran free and the boys had to wash outside using only cold water. Since then, the school has become one of the most elite in the United Kingdom. Nineteen former British Prime Ministers were educated in Eton, includ- ing the Duke of Wellington. The school uniform has always been a black tail- coat and waistcoat, and pin-striped trousers since the 1850s. Today Eton is a secondary school (a “high school” in the American sense) for about 1,280 boys between the ages of 13 and 18. Most of the boys reside in the United Kingdom while some are from overseas. Column A Column B (1) poor a. live (2) harsh b. having very little money (3) educate c. unpleasant (4) reside d. teach 20 Unit 2 3 Programme Programme 4 You are a tour guide at Eton College. You are now introducing it to your part- ner, a visitor to Eton College for the fi rst time. You should tell him/her about: (1) its history (Who founded it? And for whom?) (2) its tradition (How was life in the early days? What is the school uniform like?) (3) its reputation (How many former British Prime Ministers were educated here?) (4) its present condition (What kind of school is it today?) 2  Listen to the following text with your book shut. Then read it and answer the questions. When someone mentions Nanjing, you probably think of an ancient city be- cause it used to be the capital city of six dynasties in Chinese history. Nanjing, now the capital city of Jiangsu Province in China, has long been one of China’s most important cities. Nanjing means “southern capital”. In Nanjing you can still see many historic and cultural sites such as the Ming Tombs. This site has now been on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Another most popular place to visit is the Qin Huai River. On the south bank of the river, there is the longest stretch of city wall in China. The 110-meter-long wall is all made of brick. The river itself is well-known for Item 2 Nanjing – A city rich in history & culture 1 Have you ever been to Nanjing? What are some famous tourist attractions in this city? Which do you like best? Questions: (1) When was Eton College founded? (2) For whom did it provide free education? (3) Does Eton’s school uniform change all the time? (4) Are there any girl students at the school? 21 Historic Places Questions: (1) What does Nanjing mean? (2) What kind of city is Nanjing? (3) What can visitors see along Qin Huai River? (4) When is a good time to enjoy the beautiful scenery on Qin Huai River? (5) How may you feel when you are walking in the city of Nanjing? 3 Read the passage again and match the words in column A with their mean- ings in column B. 4 Find a place in Nanjing or a city of China that you are interested in and introduce it to the class. 5 Discussion How can we keep such a grand place in good condition? 3 Programme Programme its picturesque scenery. Visitors can enjoy the sight of the houses and halls with green windows and red doors on both sides of the river. The scenery is especially magnifi cent during the Lantern Festival as you can see boats with beautiful lanterns fl oating on the river like bright dragons. When you walk in the city, in the midst of skyscrapers and old buildings, you may feel you are at the crossroads of modernity and history. Column A Column B (1) ancient a. very good, very beautiful (2) tomb b. from a long time ago (3) magnifi cent c. a very tall building (4) fl oat d. a place for a dead person to be buried (5) skyscraper e. to stay on the water, not sinking 22 Unit 2 3 Programme Programme *Item 3 2  Listen to the tape and answer the questions. (1) Is the Boston Tea Party Ship now a famous historic spot? (2) How many ships landed at Boston on Nov. 27, 1773? (3) What did some Americans throw into the sea one cold evening in December, 1773? 1 The following is a part of a map of Boston. How can we get to the Boston Tea Party Ship from State Street? 3  Read the passage after the tape. Have you been to Boston? Have you visited the Boston Tea Party Ship Mu- seum? It has long been a famous historic spot. An important event happened on November 27, 1773. Three ships from the East India Co. landed at Boston. All the ships were full of tea. The compa- ny sold the tea in the U.S. without paying tax. This was unfair to Americans. On the cold evening of December 16, 1773, some Americans dressed them- selves as Red Indians and went onto the ships and threw the tea into the sea. Now you can see a full-size copy of the Beaver, one of the three ships, in Boston. It was made in 1973. Guests may recreate the scene by throwing bags of tea over the side of the ship. A tea party takes place on the ship each year on December 16. Don’t forget to grab a cup of tea (tax-free) on your way out! 5 Topic Discussion Why did some Americans throw the tea into the sea? 4 Retell the story with the help of the given words or phrases. Boston three ships tea dress as throw 23 Historic Places 4 Message Box Message Box Box 2 They have gone to Canada. He /She / It has Box 4 I have already been to Mexico. I haven’t been to Mexico for two years. I have never been there. I haven’t been there since I moved to China. Box 1 I /We/You/They / He /She / It have / has already been to Canada. not Canada yet. Box 5 Forming possessive with the use of apostrophe Referring to Examples human beings Have you got Sidney’s telephone number? This is the teachers’ reading room. They have gone to the Children’s Palace. animals It’s made from cow’s milk. time Where’s today’s newspaper? place The Summer Palace is one of Beijing’s fi nest parks. Most of the earth’s surface is covered with water. other She is one of the company’s oldest employees. We’ll meet at the hotel’s entrance. I can’t remember the book’s title. Box 3 He has been to Canada. (He is back. He isn’t in Canada now.) He has gone to Canada. (He isn’t here. Maybe in Canada or maybe on his way there.) 24 Unit 2 5 Data Bank Data Bank She is a doctor, so is her husband. He loves the people and they love him. I haven’t got any brothers, but I’ve got a brother-in-law. He was a leader of the student movement and took an active part in revolutionary work. They have many diffi culties, but they never give up. She gave him a push and he caught on at once. 1  Read the following sentences. Can you summarize how we read such a sentence generally? 2  Read the following sentences. Can you fi gure out when we read the sentences this way? 1 Presentation Bring a picture of a historic place and introduce it to your classmates. 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab Intonation in Compound Sentences 25 Historic Places 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab 3 Survey Ask your classmates which countries they have been to. Note down the num- ber and work out the percentage. 5 Topic Discussion Should we charge admission fees for entrance to the historic places? Why or why not? 2 Pair Work Interview your partner. Ask him/her about a place he/she has been to. Here are some expressions for help.  Have you been to … ?  You have been to …, haven’t you?  When did you go to…? 4 Problem Solving Would you please design a monument to symbolize the city you live in? 6 6 Internet Surfi ng Find four famous historic places on the Internet and fi ll in the chart. No. Number of the students who have been to … Total number of the students Percentage America Australia Germany What’s it called? Which country is it in? What is its location? When is it open to the public? How much is the admission charge? Country 26 Unit 2 8 Game Zone Have you ever been to any historic places in and out of China? Can you see any dif- ference between Chinese constructions and foreign constructions? First, they are different in architectural style. In China, there are many temples and pagodas whereas in Western countries there are many churches and castles. Then you often see works of calligraphy and ink paintings inside the Chinese constructions, but in the West you see oil paintings and wall frescos. Chinese traditional construction Brough Castle, UK 1 A game. Look at the letters in the pictures and make eight winter weather words. The words are all in the wrong pictures. Write each word under the correct picture. Winter Weather 1 2 5 3 7 4 8 6 It’s .............................. It’s .............................. It’s ............................................. It’s .............................. It’s .............................. It’s .............................. It’s .............................. It’s .......................................... 7 Culture Corner It’s .............................. It’s ............................................. It’s .............................. It’s .............................. It’s .......................................... 27 Historic Places Pussy cat, pussy cat Pussy cat, pussy cat, Where have you been? I’ve been to London to see the Queen. Pussy cat, pussy cat, What did you do there? I frightened a little mouse under the chair. Red river valley From the valley they say you are going We will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile For they say you are taking me sunshine That will brighten our pathway a while Come and sit by my side if you like me Do not hasten to bid me goodbye But remember the red river valley And the girl that is yours all the time. 8 Game Zone Game Zone 3  A song. 2  A rhyme. 28 Unit 2 Unit Celebrities 3 Topic Areas Jobs and careers Lifestyle Biography Functions Expressing opinions Asking for information Talking about a career Structures have / has done (irregular verbs) have / has been + n. / adj. / prep. Highlights Chat Room Dialogue 1 The Sherlock Holmes’ Museum Dialogue 2 Dr Hawking’s speech Programme Item 1 Bill Gates Item 2 Yang Liwei, the first Chinese astronaut Item 3 A famous couple * Getting Started Getting Started 1 A: Have you heard from John? B: Yes, I have. A: Have you found your watch? B: No, I haven’t. A: Has the party begun yet? B: No, it hasn’t yet. A: Has Dick written to his mother? B: Yes, he already has. 1  Listen and make similar dialogues. 2  Listen and make similar dialogues. hear from John hear – heard – heard fi nd the watch fi nd – found – found pay the bill pay – paid – paid make the model plane make – made – made bring the exercise book bring – brought – brought begin the party begin – began – begun write to his mother write – wrote – written see the fi lm see – saw – seen take the medicine take – took – taken speak at the meeting speak – spoke – spoken run with Paul run – ran – run come to school come – came – come become a manager become – became – become 30 Unit 3 1 Getting Started Getting Started read the book read – read – read cut the bread cut – cut – cut set the table set – set – set 3  Listen and practise. A: How long have you been an actor? B: I’ve been an actor for two years. A: How long has Jerry been ill? B: He’s been ill since last Saturday. A: How long have Maria and Gary been in this school? B: They’ve been in this school for two and a half years. Mike a teacher for 20 years Sandy a tour guide since she left school Danny angry for two hours Fred upset since he heard the news Fanny & Joe on holiday for a week the moon up in the sky since 6 p.m. 31 Celebrities 4  Listen and practise. A: Have you had lunch? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you eat your lunch? B: An hour ago. a party – yesterday a meeting – last week a haircut – two days ago a holiday – last month dinner – just now measles – at the age of 10 Getting Started Getting Started 1 A: What are you looking at? B: Oh, there has been a fire. It lasted for 20 minutes. 5  Listen and practise. What? It lasted for …? a fi ght 10 minutes a traffi c jam 2 hours a running race 45 minutes 6  Listen and practise. (1) A: How long have you lived here, Harry? B: I’ve lived here for about five years. (2) A: How long has Mr Green known you? B: He’s known me since I went to primary school. 32 Unit 3 1 Getting Started Getting Started Dick / football player / played in this team / for 5 years / since 2006 7 Make dialogues of your own, using the following words and phrases. Jack / doctor / worked in this hospi- tal / for 8 years / since he came here Mike / singer / performed in this opera / for 2 years / since he moved to Chicago Diana / maths teacher / taught in this school / for 12 years / since she was 24 33 Celebrities Getting Started Getting Started 1 Diana / borrow / the book / this morning / keep / for ten days 8  Listen, repeat and make dialogues of your own. A: What has happened? B: Donna has just left home. A: When did she leave? B: A few minutes ago. A: How long will she be away from home? B: Maybe for a couple of weeks. Emily / jump / the stage / five minutes ago / stay / for a few minutes Frank / join / the army / last week / a soldier / for 5 years Chris / join / the club / yesterday / a club member / for two years 34 Unit 3 2 Chat Room Chat Room A: You’ve been to London, haven’t you? B: Yes, my favourite place was 221b Baker Street, the Sherlock Holmes’ Museum. A: Oh, yes. Sherlock Holmes is my favourite detective. I’ve read almost all the stories about him. B: Me too. His face is well-known around the world. Many people have read Conan Doyle’s detective stories. A: You know a lot about Sherlock Holmes. B: Yes, I have been to his house in Baker Street. A: Great, By the way, you know that’s his fictional home, right? B: Of course. Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character, but it is based on a real detective though. A: Did you go to Dr Hawking’s speech last month? B: Sorry, I didn’t have a chance to go. Could you tell me something about him? A: Yes. He was born in Oxford, England in 1942, and is now a Cambridge profes- sor and the author of many scientific books. B: I’ve heard A Brief History of Time is his best-selling book. A: That’s right. He’s a most brilliant physicist. His achievements are especially remarkable, for he has suffered from a neuromotor disease for over thirty years. B: What is a neuromotor disease like? A: Oh, he can’t move his body, and can only speak with the help of a computer. B: No wonder so many people admire him. The Sherlock Holmes’ Museum Dr Hawking’s speech Dialogue 1  Dialogue 2  he 35 Celebrities Programme Programme 3 a. won a maths aptitude test at school b. born in Seattle in 1955 c. left university without getting a degree d. went to Harvard e. set up his own computer company ______ (1) Bill Gates is an American. ______ (2) He didn’t do very well at school. ______ (3) He never took a book home or went to maths classes. ______ (4) He studied at Yale University. ______ (5) He became one of the world’s richest men. ______ (6) He owns twenty houses. ______ (7) He lives near Lake Washington. Bill Gates was born in Seattle, USA, in 1955. When he was at school, he never took a book home to study or attended maths classes. However, he fi nished among the top ten in the country in a maths aptitude test. He then went to Harvard, but left without getting a degree. Then he started up his computer company Microsoft. By the age of forty-one, he was one of the world’s richest men. Unlike some bil- lionaires, he is not shy about spending his money: he owns twenty Ferraris, each worth more than £150,000. And he lives in a high-tech mansion overlooking Lake Washington. Bill Gates has decided to donate most of his money to education and charity. He now spends most of his time trying to solve problems such as disease and hunger in poor nations. ( ) → ( ) → ( ) → ( ) → ( ) Bill Gates 1  Listen to the tape. Put the following events in order of time. 2  Listen again. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 3 Read and learn. Item 1 36 Unit 3 3 Programme Programme 4 Retell the text with the help of the given expressions. Seattle → maths aptitude test → Harvard → without … degree → Microsoft → richest → spending money → Ferraris → mansion Bill Gates visited China in February, 2003. His speech caused a stir in the young Chinese audience. On 28 February, Microsoft signed an agreement with the Chinese government. It gave China controlled access to its Windows operating systems and other technologies. Bill Gates, head of the US software giant, said on Friday in Beijing that his two-day trip to China was short and fruitful. The contract he signed would be a milestone in Microsoft’s development in China, the world’s most popu- lous country. 5 Do you know? 6 Surf the Internet and fi nd more information (or stories) about Bill Gates? Tell your classmates. Yang Liwei, the first Chinese astronaut 1 Topic Discussion Yang Liwei has long been famous not only in China but also around the world. Why do you think he is so famous? What do you know about him? Item 2 37 Celebrities 3 Programme Programme Yang Liwei is the fi rst man who travels in a Chinese spacecraft. His mission, Shen- zhou 5, made China the third country to have independently sent people into space. Because of him, a new word coined in the West to name the Chinese astro- naut “Taikonaut”. Yang Liwei was born on June 21, 1965 in Liaoning Province. His mother was a teacher, and his father was an accountant. He is married. His wife is an army offi cer too. Yang was selected as an astronaut candidate in 1998 and had trained for space fl ight since then. He was chosen from the fi nal pool of 13 candidates to fl y on Chi- na’s fi rst manned space mission. Then, on October 15, 2003, Shenzhou 5 spacecraft was launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Before the launch, almost nobody in public knew about the Chinese astronaut candidates. His selection was not an- nounced to the media until the day before the launch. Many people have long thought that the Great Wall is the only human construc- tion on earth that astronauts can see from space. But Yang Liwei said he didn’t see it in space. Astronauts can see many cities from space, but unfortunately, the Great Wall is so narrow that they can’t recognize it. 3 Write the questions with the help of given answers. 2  Listen to the text with your book shut. Then read the text and put the following events in time order. ( ) a. His selection for the Shenzhou 5 launch was told to the media. ( ) b. He became an astronaut candidate. ( ) c. He was born in Liaoning Province. ( ) d. He was launched into space from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. ( ) e. The new word “Taikonaut” became well-known. Example: Q: When was Yang Liwei born? A: Yang Liwei was born in 1965. 38 Unit 3 3 Programme Programme (1) Q: ________________________________________________? A: Yang Liwei is the fi rst man sent into space by the Chinese space programme. (2) Q: ________________________________________________? A: “Taikonaut” means “Chinese astronaut”. (3) Q: ________________________________________________? A: He was launched into space from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. (4) Q: ________________________________________________? A: Because the Great Wall is so narrow that the astronauts can’t recognize it from space. (1) The Beckhams have ____ children. A. one B. two C. three D. four (2) David Beckham now plays for ____. A. Manchester United B. Real Madrid C. Los Angeles Galaxy D. A.C. Milan (3) Victoria Beckham is in the ____ business. A. fashion B. fi lm C. computer D. publishing 4 Retell the text with the help of Ex. 2 & Ex. 3. A famous couple 1 Topic Discussion Have you heard of David Beckham and Victoria Beckham? Who are they? Do you know anything about them? * Item 3 2  Listen to the text and choose the best answers. 39 Celebrities 3 Programme Programme 3 Read the text and check your answers of Ex. 2. 4 Do you know about any other celebrity couples? List as many as you can and introduce them to your classmates. On July 10, 2011, the Beckhams welcomed their fourth child, a daughter. The birth of the new girl drew great attention to the celebrity couple like always. David Beckham, born in London in 1975, is an English football star. He has played for several famous football clubs such as Manchester United and Real Ma- drid. Now he is a member of Los Angeles Galaxy, a professional football, or soccer, as the sport is known in the US, team. Before his injury, he used to be the captain of the England national team. David’s fame is beyond football. Besides his great football skills, he has got other things to catch people’s eyes: hairstyle, clothes, and his marriage to Spice Girl Victoria. Victoria Adams, born in Hertfordshire in 1974, is an English singer and fash- ion designer. In the late 1990s, Victoria became famous with the pop group Spice Girls. Later Victoria continued her fashion career alone. She designed a few jeans and handbags, wrote two books, and took part in some TV shows. Wherever she is, people recognize her at once. David met Victoria in 1996. It was love at fi rst sight. They got married in an Irish castle in 1999. At the time, David was 24 and Victoria was 25. Now they live in a large house in Los Angeles and lead a happy life. They have three sons and a daughter. 40 Unit 3 Box 1 Box 3 Box 2 Box 4 Box 5 base form Past form Past participle look play watch looked played watched looked played watched cost put shut cost put shut cost put shut buy get keep bought got kept bought got kept be begin do sing wear was, were began did sang wore been begun done sung worn Present perfect Past tense Present perfect She has just left. She left 10 minutes ago. She has been away for 10 minutes. He has joined the army. He joined the army when he was 18. He has been a soldier for 2 years. We have borrowed the book. We borrowed the book last week. We have kept the book for a week. I have caught a bad cold. I caught a bad cold two days ago. I have been sick for 2 days. Jack has gone to Rome. Jack has been in Rome for a week. I have just received a present. She has planted three trees since last year. They have already arrived at the station. He has played basketball for ten years. Past tense Present perfect Did John come? Has John come? How many people went to the park? How many people have gone to the park? We didn’t invite him. We haven’t invited him. Sally lost her watch. Sally has lost her watch. a (an) the Give me a book. Give me the book. He is a professor. The professor is in his offi ce. 4 Message Box Message Box 41 Celebrities 5 Data Bank Data Bank 1  Read the following sentences. Pay special attention to the underlined parts. 1 Presentation Tell the class what you know about a celebrity. 2 Pair Work You are interviewing your partner, a famous traveler. Ask him/her the following questions and fi ll in the chart. We’re going to stay there for four years, I suppose. “If you go by plane,” he said, “it takes only two hours.” “How is he today?” Tom asked. “Am I right?” he asked. He’s going to help us, I think. 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab Questions Answers (1) Have you travelled recently? (2) What is your favourite place? (3) How long did you stay there? (4) Where did you go last time? (5) When did you go there? (6) Where will you go next? 42 Unit 3 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab 7 Culture Corner Culture Corner 3 Topic Discussion Do you want to be a celebrity? Why or why not? 4 Problem Solving How can you get the signature of your favourite celebrity? 5 Internet Surfi ng Find out some basic information about 5 famous people in different fi elds by searching on the Net. Then fi ll in the chart. Name Field Birth date Birth place Members of family Award(s) Entertainment Science Music Sport Media Madame Tussaud’s Wax Museum in London is one of the most famous wax museums in the world. Today, over 2 million people from all over the world visit the exhibition each year. It has become one of Britain’s most popular tourist attractions. The museum has 3 main halls — Superstars, Grand Hall and Horror. You fi rst take the lift into the Hall of Superstars. Inside this room, there are world famous fi lm stars, singers and sports people such as Hugh Grant, David Beckham, 007 actors, etc. Then you will go downstairs into the Grand Hall, where you can meet the British Royal Family, famous scientists, politicians and so on. You can take pictures with George W. Bush or Queen Elizabeth. Finally, the Hall of Horrors gives visitors a horrible expe- rience of old prisons in British history. You can also experience the disgust- ing smell of the prison! 43 Celebrities 8 Game Zone Game Zone 1 A game. How good are you at trivia? Try the following trivia quiz in pairs, then compare your answers with your deskmate’s. (1) What is the official language of the United States of America? (2) What sports use a bat? (3) What does UFO stand for? (4) Can you name eight countries where English is spoken as a first language? (5) In America, he is called “Santa Claus”. What is he called in the U.K.? I did, I did, I did I did, I did, I did I did my washing today I did my washing today And now it’s time to play. I did, I did, I did I did my work today I did my work today And now it’s time to play. Shake my hand Shake my hand and then go clap, clap, clap Shake my foot and then go tap, tap, tap One, two, three. I take a little hand so you will get meal meal stop Shake my finger, and then go snap, snap, snap Shake my nose, then wrap, wrap, four, five, six and Take a little hop Then go around meal meal stop. 3  A song. 2  A rhyme. 44 Unit 3 Unit Unit Movies and Plays Movies and Plays 4 Topic Areas Theaters and programmes Booking tickets Selecting TV programmes Functions Identifying time and place in different tenses Agreement and disagreement Talking about spare time activities Expressing opinions Giving advice Structures had better not should need to… Neither / So do I. Neither / So have I. all / both / either / neither / none Highlights Highlights Chat Room Dialogue 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Dialogue 2 A new French fi lm Programme Item 1 Kung Fu Panda Item 2 The Spy 007 Item 3 Web movies * Getting Started Getting Started 1 A: Shall we go to the cinema this afternoon? B: We’d better not go out. Mr Blake will visit us in the afternoon. We’d better stay at home and wait for him. A: What should I do if I am late for the train? B: You’d better take a taxi to the station. A: It is said Hero is an exciting film. I want to see it. B: I think you should book a ticket in advance. It’s not easy to get a ticket right before the film begins. 1  Listen and make similar dialogues. 2  Make dialogues after the example. 3  Listen and read. Example be late for the train / take a taxi clean the blackboard some students have not yet copied the notes take an umbrella it will rain late in the afternoon call Mrs Martin Jimmy Martin feels sick give away the tickets Chris and Susan want to watch the play can’t come to your party telephone us in advance can’t fi nish my homework on time ask for help can’t understand the new words look them up in a dictionary 46 Unit 4 4  Complete the sentences with “You need to…” after the example. 5  Read after the tape and make new dialogues. 6  Listen and learn. 1 Getting Started Getting Started A: Have you read Hamlet and Macbeth? B: Yes, I’ve read both of them. A: Have you written to May or Kate? B: No, I have not written to either of them. (I have written to neither of them.) A: Where are my classmates? None of them are in the classroom. B: They have all gone to the match. A: Oh, I must go there quickly too. (1) sleep more (2) buy a dictionary (3) drink plenty of fresh milk (4) leave right now (5) memorize the word Example have a new hat You need to have a new hat. hear from Mary, Kate call Jerry, Chris send the parcel to Grace, Larry pay a visit to Dick, Peter A: Where are the apples? There are none left in the basket. B: Ricky has eaten all of them. A: Oh, I’d better go and buy some more. 47 Movies and Plays Getting Started Getting Started 1 A: Do you like the movie ET? B: Yes, I like it a lot. How about you? A: So do I. I have seen it three times. 7  Listen and practise. 8  Listen and complete the sentences in the table. sing very well work hard run fast Micky is good at roller skating. I ______________________, too. So _________ I. Mary was worried about her mother. Jenny ______________________, too. So _________ Jenny. He forgot to bring the umbrella. His brother _________________, too. So _________ his brother. I have broken two cups. She ______________________, too. So _________ she. Mr Smith has worked in this company for three years. Billy and I__________________, too. So _________ Billy and I. see an interesting fi lm last Saturday do a lot of washing yesterday go on a holiday last month made much progress read many books swim read speak (1) A: Wang Dong speaks English fluently. B: So does Li Hua. (2) A: He danced all night at the ball. B: So did I. (3) A: The boys have done well this year. B: So have the girls. (4) A: I can run faster than Wang Dong. B: So can I. 48 Unit 4 1 Getting Started Getting Started A: Do you want to go to the theater? B: No, I don’t want to go. A: Neither do I. I would rather stay at home. 9  Listen and practise. 10 10  Listen to the dialogue. Then complete the sentences in the same form. play the match visit the exhibition read that dull novel walk farther wait longer (1) A: I am not going to see the film. B: Neither am I. A: How about Sandy? Maybe he is. B: No, he isn’t either. (2) A: I can’t stay any longer. B: Neither can I. A: But Victor can. B: No, he can’t either. I’m not going to the country. My brother ______________________, either. Neither _______ my brother. We weren’t able to move at all. They ______________________, either. Neither _______ they. Brian couldn’t decide where to travel. I ______________________, either. Neither _______ I. Alan won’t give a performance next week. Alex ____________________, either. Neither _______ Alex. Greg hasn’t taken the exam yet. Tony and Joe ______________, either. Neither _______ Tony and / or Joe. 49 Movies and Plays Chat Room Chat Room 2 A: Have you seen any good films recently? B: Yes, I have just seen Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. A: That is the seventh and final of the Harry Potter films, isn’t it? B: Yes. I saw it just a few days ago. A: Is it any good? B: I really liked it. It was full of brilliant special effects. A: Is Daniel Radcliffe still the main actor? B: Yes. He has played Harry Potter since he was 11. And now he is a 22-year-old young man. A: So what do you think of the acting? B: The acting is still good. I am even more impressed. A: So do you think I would like it? B: Yeah, I think you would. It is still exciting and moving. A: Oh well, I’ll give it a try. (In the afternoon) Rowan: Why don’t we go and see a movie tonight? Britney: That’s a good idea. What’s on? Rowan: Well, I think that a new French film is on at the Picture Palace. Britney: Oh, yes, I’d like to see that. Any idea what time? Rowan: Six thirty, seven-ish? I’m not sure, but I’ll check at the booking office. (In the evening) Rowan: Hello, can I book two tickets for tonight’s film, the new French film? Booking office clerk: Certainly. Rowan: When exactly does the film begin? Booking office clerk: Six thirty-five, sir. Rowan: OK, I’d like to have two tickets for the back row. Booking office clerk: Your name, please, sir? Rowan: Rowan Blake. R-O-W-A-N, B-L-A-K-E. Booking office clerk: 12 pounds each, 24 pounds in all, Mr Blake. Rowan: All right. Here’s my credit card … Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows A new French film Dialogue 1  Dialogue 2  50 Unit 4 3 Programme Programme ______ (1) It is Saturday. ______ (2) Jessica wants to see a fi lm tonight. ______ (3) Kung Fu Panda is very popular now. ______ (4) Po is the only animal in the fi lm. ______ (5) Andy and Jessica will talk about the fi lm later. Kung Fu Panda 1 Have you seen Kung Fu Panda? How do you like it? 2  Listen to the dialogue and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 3 Read the dialogue and act it out. Item 1 Andy: Hey Jessica, how are you doing? Jessica: I’m fi ne, thank you. The class is over and I can’t wait for the weekend to begin! Andy: Yes, of course. I’m going to see a fi lm tonight, Kung Fu Panda, you know. Jessica: Wow, that’s a great fi lm! I just saw it yesterday. Andy: Really? A lot of people are talking about it. Is it a cartoon? Jessica: Well, yes, it’s an animated fi lm made by DreamWorks. Andy: Oh, that famous fi lm company. According to the name of the fi lm, is it about a panda? Jessica: Yeah, a panda named Po. The story took place in an ancient Chinese village, and the fi lm has much Chinese culture in it. Andy: What’s Po like? Jessica: Po is fat, cute, and also good at Chinese kung fu, the Chinese martial arts. He is the hero. 51 Movies and Plays 3 Programme Programme 4 Topic Discussion What’s your favourite fi lm? Why do you like it? Share your ideas with your partner. 1 Look at the pictures. Who are these people? Can you say anything about them? What fi lms do they appear in? Item 2 2  Listen to the tape and answer the questions. Andy: That sounds really interesting! Jessica: Right, I was laughing all the time in the cinema. In the fi lm, there’s not just the panda, but many other animals, such as… Andy: Hey, don’t say too much. I haven’t seen the fi lm yet. Let’s have a discussion later. Jessica: OK. Andy: Got to go. See you. Jessica: See you. (1) Do real heroes live and die like common people? (2) Is the spy 007 a real hero or a fi ctional hero? (3) Does he die? (4) The fi rst fi lm was made in 1953, wasn’t it? (5) Are Bond’s enemies still in Russia now? The Spy 007 52 Unit 4 3 Programme Programme Real heroes are only human. They live and die like the rest of us. But fi ctional he- roes are different. They began life many years ago and they will live on in fi ction. Here is a popular twentieth-century fi ctional hero. He never dies. The spy 007 has been working for the British Secret Service since 1953 when Ian Fleming fi rst wrote about him in Casino Royale. Fleming is now dead, but the spy still lives on. The fi rst fi lm was Dr No in 1962 and since then he has appeared in over twenty fi lms. The Cold War has fi nished and Bond’s enemies are not the Russians any more, but there are a lot of villains out there! Columbia Pictures, the fi lm’s production and distribution company, has recently fi nished fi lming his latest adventure. 4 Study the words. 5 Read the text again and answer the following questions. 6 Topic Discussion Do you know any real heroes? Compare them with fi ctional heroes. 3  Listen to the passage with your book shut. Then read the passage. (1) What is a fi ctional hero’s life like? (2) Who does the spy 007 work for? (3) What was the fi rst fi lm in 1962 called? (4) In how many fi lms have 007 appeared? (5) Which fi lm studio has produced the 007 series? (1) Antonyms live — die real — fi ctional (2) Word used as a noun and as a verb. fi lm n. Have you seen the fi lm? fi lm v. We fi lmed the children’s school play. (3) Write the words with the following defi nitions. a. a type of book or story about imaginary characters and events, not based on real events and facts ( ) b. a person who secretly gathers and reports information about another country or organization ( ) 53 Movies and Plays 3 Programme Programme a. cast b. keywords c. review d. title and main details e. plot summary f. user rating g. memorable quotes h. type of fi lm Web movies 1 Have you ever read information about a fi lm on the Internet? 2 Do you know a French fi lm called The Chorus? What is it about? * Item 3 3 Look at the web page and match the headings to the information. ü _______________ The Chorus (French: Les Choristes) PG-13 Directed by Christophe Barratier Based on a story by Wheeler and Georges Chaperot ý __________ Drama Romance þ __________ Gérard Jugnot: Clément Mathieu Jean-Baptiste Maunier: Pierre Morhange Maxence Perrin: Pépinot Ganye Rogers Violette Morhange ÿ ________ ´´´´´´´³³³ 71% (769 votes) Ā ________________ It is an adaptation of the 1945 fi lm A Cage of Nightingales. In 1949, a young Pierre (Pepinot) is the badly behaved son of a single mother. He attends a boarding school for “dif- fi cult” boys with a strict headmaster. New teacher Mathieu brightens up the school and assembles a choir, leading to the discovery of Pierre’s musical talents and a transformation in the children. Pierre fi nally becomes a widely success- ful orchestra conductor. ā __________ boy boarding school teacher choir French countryside 54 Unit 4 3 Programme Programme 4 Read these comments made by Internet users about The Chorus. What rating out of ten do you think each person gave the fi lm? Ă ______________ • (Morhanges mother has come to visit him) Clément Mathieu: [quietly] I didn’t tell her last time that you were in detention, I told her you had a toothache and went to the dentist. Don’t tell her I lied. • Pépinot enfant: I don’t know any songs. Clément Mathieu: Well, I’ll teach you some. For the moment, I’ll name you assistant choir master. • Eddie: No. You let me talk. Now enough is enough here. That boy needs a father. He needs a man in his life — somebody he can talk to, somebody who can teach him, somebody who can show him. ă _____________ The Chorus (or Les Cho- ristes in its homeland) may follow the well-trodden path of inspiring teacher features past, but this Oscar-nominated movie is so well made and downright entertaining that you can’t help but be sucked in by its Gallic charms. — Matt McAllister Published on Friday, 25 March 2005 ‘I must say I enjoyed this movie, even after some people considered it an advert from the French countryside Tourist Board.’ James, New York RATING 6/10 ‘It’s fascinating to see how a fi lm without violence, action or sex can still be so good. Christophe Barratier has really succeeded in remaking such a beautiful fi lm.’ Donna, Geneva RATING __/10 ‘You can try to hate The Chorus. It’s been almost religiously put together for an international market, combing the rare, picture-postcard rural lifestyle with one of the oldest plots in the book, and for anyone who’s seen The Blackboard Jungle, Dead Poets Society and a million other movies (yes, including the dreaded Mr Holland’s works), this fi lm won’t contain a single surprise.’ Mathew, Rome RATING __/10 “It is an enchanting little fi lm that works much like a semi-serious version of ‘Sister Act 2.’ After all, it’s a movie about a teacher who inspires a group of misfi t children by getting them to sing.” Nathalie, France RATING __/10 “Gerard Jugnot is a somewhat mousy-looking French star actor but possesses the priceless gifts of screen vulnerability, empathy and emo- tional clarity. He has the ability, like Charlie Chaplin, to make viewers identify with a ‘little fellow,’ and he uses all his skills to moving effect in ‘The Chorus’, where he plays a supremely ordinary-looking chap with extraordinary skill.” Michael, Chicago RATING __/10 55 Movies and Plays Box 1 Box 3 Box 2 4 Message Box Message Box base form – past form – past participle break – broke – broken drink – drank – drunk drive – drove – driven eat – ate – eaten fl y – fl ew – fl own forget – forgot – forgot (forgotten) give – gave – given grow – grew – grown hold – held – held lead – led – led sleep – slept – slept stand – stood – stood think – thought – thought throw – threw – thrown positive He is in good health. So are you. negative He doesn’t know her. Neither do I. Refering to two people / things positive Both of them are right. Both Dick and Sam are right. You can take either bus. You can take either a bus or a taxi. negative Neither of the answers is correct. This car is neither useful nor affordable. Refering to three or more people / things positive They were all very tired. All of us knew about the news. negative None of the students knew the answer. There’s none/nothing left in the refrigerator. 56 Unit 4 5 Data Bank Data Bank 1  Read the following sentences. Pay special attention to the underlined parts. 1 Presentation Introduce your favourite fi lm to your class. 2 Pair Work Choose an actor or actress that you are familiar with and make a dialogue talking about how well he or she acts in the fi lm. 2  Read the following sentences. Pay special attention to the underlined part. How do we read this part particularly this time? John, are you going to town today? Good morning, Doctor Zhang. Good night, John. Hi, John, how are you? Sit down, children. Mr Brown, is Peter at home? Good afternoon, Mr Green. Are you busy, Helen? 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab 57 Movies and Plays 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab 4 Topic Discussion Do you regard fi lms as entertainment or as an art? Which is more important, commercial success or art itself? 5 Internet Surfi ng Download today’s TV schedule for a TV channel. 7.00a.m. Car Chase 7.30 Real Tennis 8.30 Late Shopping 9.00 Kristy’s Best Staircases 9.30 FILM: Treasure Island 11.30 Royal Tennis: Princess Anne vs The Queen of England 12.30p.m. Bunny, The Rabbit 1.30 The Cigarette Diet 2.30 Inspector Goose 3.30 FILM: White Rhinos Can’t Jump 5.30 Taxi Driver II 6.30 FILM: Down On One Knee Romantic comedy 9.10 FILM: Kilpatrick’s Ride See the Internet Movie Database for details 11.00 Strangers Kill 1.00am Wolf Hospital Live DIGITAL, SATELLITE AND CABLE 3 Problem Solving Martin is married with two children. Here is the T.V. schedule. Read it carefully and choose the best programme for each member of Martin’s family. Name Age Job Interests Martin 43 years old Lawyer News, fi lms Clara 39 years old Housewife Cooking, soap operas Anna 8 years old Primary school student Cartoons, children’s fi lms Dick 15 years old Secondary school student Sports, detective stories 58 Unit 4 8 Game Zone Game Zone 1 Riddles. (1) What odd number is bound to be even without the “s”? (2) When is an artist very unhappy? (3) What is it that doesn’t ask questions but must be answered? (4) What is it that, when once lost, you can never find again? Can you tell me Can you tell me, can you tell me, What little boys do? They run and jump. They run and jump, so I will jump too. Can you tell me, can you tell me, What little girls do? They dance and skip. They dance and skip, so I will skip too. Yankee Doodle Yankee Doodle went to town riding on a pony He stuck a feather in his hat And called it macaroni Yankee Doodle keep it up Yankee Doodle dandy Mind the music and the step And with the girls be handy Jack and Jill went up the hill To fetch a pail of water Jack fell down and broke his crown And Jill came tumbling after Traiala, lalalala, Traiala, lalala, Traiala, lalala, And Jill came tumbling after. 3  A song. 2  A rhyme. 59 Movies and Plays Unit Let’s Celebrate 5 Topic Areas Festivals and holidays Celebrations Functions Talking about festivals Expressing emotions Expressing wishes Structures Tag questions Exclamation Highlights Chat Room Dialogue 1 How did you celebrate the New Year? Dialogue 2 Did the Easter bunny bring you any chocolate eggs? Programme Item 1 Trick or treat! Item 2 Our Thanksgiving on the farm Item 3 New Year’s celebrations in China * 1 Getting Started Getting Started 1 Do you know the following festivals? Fill in the blanks. 2 Can you draw a symbol for each holiday? Christmas Day Easter Valentine’s Day The Chinese New Year 3 Read the descriptions of the festivals. Write down the name of each festival. Do you know any more festivals? Tell your deskmate what you know. January February March April May June July August September October November December (The second Sunday in May) People show love and respect for their mothers. On this day, people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that someone's mother is dead. (In January or February) It is the most important festival in the Chinese year. The festival activities include firecrackers and dragon dances. People eat special foods such as dumplings and cakes. Red is a lucky colour for the new year and children re- ceive red envelopes with money inside. (1) On that day, children give presents and cards to their dads. It’s in summer. This month has got four letters. The third letter is N. _________________________________________________________________ 61 Let’s Celebrate Getting Started Getting Started 1 4  Listen and pay attention to the question tag in these sentences. (1) Mother’s day is her favourite holiday, isn’t it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. (2) On Thanksgiving Day, Americans eat turkey, don’t they? Yes, they do. / No, they don’t. (3) John can cook Thanksgiving dinner, can’t he? Yes, he can. / No, he can’t. (4) Susan was at a New Year’s party yesterday, wasn’t she? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t. (5) Tom visited his friend at Christmas, didn’t he? Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. (6) Mary will buy chocolate on Easter, won’t she? Yes, she will. / No, she won’t. (7) You’ve sent your beautiful e-card, haven’t you? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. (8) Mr Grant has been on holiday, hasn’t he? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. (9) There is a Christmas party in Mr Clark’s, isn’t there? Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. 5  Listen and practise. (1) A: You can’t speak English, can you? B: Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. (2) A: You are not watching the festival gala, are you? B: Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. (2) This is the first day of a year. It’s in winter. The first letter of this month is J. _________________________________________________________________ (3) On this day, people hold the dragon boat races in memory of Qu Yuan, a Chi- nese poet. And they eat special rice dumplings. This holiday is on the Chinese lunar calendar. _________________________________________________________________ (4) On this day people play tricks on their friends. It’s in April. Only joking! Of course. _________________________________________________________________ make pumpkin pie carve Jack-o’-lanterns join in the apple bobbing dress up as Santa Claus 62 Unit 5 1 Getting Started Getting Started 6  Listen and practise after the example. Example He is a kind man. What a kind man he is! 7  Listen and practise after the example. Example The gala is fantastic. How fantastic the gala is! (3) A: There’s not going to be a homecoming party this Friday, is there? B: Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. (4) A: You won’t send any postcards, will you? B: Yes, I will. / No, I won’t. (5) A: You haven’t helped your mum with Thanksgiving dinner, have you? B: Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. (1) It is a fancy dress party. ___________________! (2) We live a happy life today. _______________________! (3) She has a special gift. ________________________! (4) We had a wonderful time last night. _________________________! (1) The Jack-o’-lantern is scary. ________________________! (2) She dances beautifully. ________________________! (3) They are performing well. ________________________! (4) The activities were marvelous. ________________________! a Carnival parade a Christmas carols performance design any e-cards decorate your Christmas tree try out the recipes make Christmas pudding 63 Let’s Celebrate Dialogue 2  Chat Room Chat Room 2 Dialogue 1  How did you celebrate the New Year? Mike: Hi Sarah! I’m so happy that the New Year is just around the corner. Sarah: Me too! How did you celebrate the New Year last year, Mike? Mike: Well, on the New Year’s Eve, I went to New York City’s Times Square with my family. We waited for words “Happy New Year” to flash on the electric signs. Sarah: Oh, wonderful! Did you have a good time? Mike: Yeah, the square was very lively and crowded. When the signs began to flash and the bells rang, people all cheered. By the way, where did you spend the New Year’s Eve? Sarah: Well, I stayed at home with my family. My mother made a delicious dinner, and we watched the celebrations on TV. Mike: That’s nice. What did you do then on the New Year’s Day? Sarah: Well, we visited some friends, relatives and neighbours. We talked, and did some things together. Mike: And so what is your New Year’s resolution? Sarah: Actually, I have many resolutions. My biggest resolution is to improve my performance at school. What about you? Mike: My resolution is to go out less and spend more time staying with my family. Did the Easter bunny bring you any chocolate eggs? Jim: Happy Easter! Tina: Happy Easter to you, too. Jim: Tina, did the Easter bunny bring you any chocolate eggs? Tina: He sure did! He also brought me some jelly beans. Jim: Lucky you! Aren’t you concerned you will get fat? Tina: No, because I only eat chocolate and candy during Easter. Jim: You have much better willpower than I do. If I see chocolate, I have to eat it! Tina: You’re funny, Jim. You always make me laugh. Jim: Maybe I can make you laugh by telling you an Easter joke. Tina: I’d love that. Go ahead. Jim: Which day of the week do eggs hate? Tina: I don’t know, which day? Jim: Fry-day! (Friday) (When you cook an egg, you fry it) 64 Unit 5 3 Programme Programme Item 1 Trick or treat! 1 Before you read, think about the following questions. (1) When is Halloween? (2) What does “Trick or treat” mean? (3) What do people do with pumpkins? (4) What are the typical Halloween activities? 2  Listen to the text and fi nd tricks and treats. Put them in the column. It was a brisk autumn evening. Mrs Brown was sitting by the window, knit- ting. Suddenly, there was a sharp knock on the door, then two or three more knocks. Mrs Brown heard whispers, giggles, and the rattling of paper. She opened the door. There stood three children wearing masks and costumes. When the children saw her, they shouted all together, “Trick or treat! Money or sweets!” “Well,” Mrs Brown said, “Tonight is Halloween. Let me see. I think I have some candy bars to give you.” Each child carried a brown paper bag. Mrs Brown dropped a candy bar into each bag. Then she said to one boy, who was holding a toy gun and wearing high boots, “What are you?” “A cowboy, of course,” he answered. “I’m a ghost,” shouted an even smaller child hidden under a white sheet. “And I’m a skeleton,” said the third child. “My bones glow in the dark,” The “skeleton” was wearing a black suit with white bones painted on it. “Thanks for the candy,” shouted the children as they ran off to ring an- other doorbell. “You’re welcome,” said Mrs Brown. “Have fun. And don’t play any pranks.” On Halloween, American children love to dress up in costumes and go “trick-or-treating.” If an adult refuses to supply a treat — candy, cookies, fruit, or money — the children often play a trick. They soap windows, write on doors with crayons, overturn rubbish bins, or stick pins into doorbells to keep them ringing. Tricks: Treats: _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ 65 Let’s Celebrate 3 Programme Programme 3 Read the text again and put the sentences in the correct order. Start with c. ______ a. The children shouted all together. ______ b. Each child carried a brown paper bag. ______ c. It was an autumn evening. ______ d. The children ran off to ring another doorbell. ______ e. She opened the door. ______ f. Mrs Brown dropped a candy bar into each bag. ______ g. Trick or treat! Money or sweets! ______ h. Mrs Brown heard a sharp knock on the door. 4 Find out the following words in the story and fi ll in the blanks. (1) The naughty boy o__________ the chair in the classroom. (2) I can’t s__________ all these photos in my album in such a short time. (3) Will you s__________ my back for me? (4) The cartoons made her g__________. (5) Don’t play any p_____________. 5 Dramatize the text. Five students make a group and play the roles of nar- rator, Mrs Brown, Cowboy, Ghost and Skeleton. 1 66 Unit 5 3 Programme Programme 2  Listen to the text with your book shut. Then read the passage and answer the questions. I remember our Thanksgivings on the farm. We lived on a farm near the town. There were many other relatives. They lived near us. They all came, from other farms and from the town, to be with us. We worked for days to prepare for the hol- iday. Mother and the girls cleaned every part of the house, and they got all the extra rooms ready for the relatives. Then they washed all our best clothes — we called these dresses and suits our “Sunday best.” The men cut extra wood for all the cooking, for we had an old wood-burning stove. Father always killed the biggest turkey, and then he cleaned the bird. Finally, the whole family drove into the town to buy food like coffee and sugar because we couldn’t produce these on the farm. On Thanksgiving morning the women got up early to begin cooking. Mother stuffed the turkey with bread and onions, and then she roasted it. Aunt Ellen made a dozen pumpkin pies. Aunt Ann picked autumn fl owers from the garden for the center of the table. She also brought in vegetables to eat with the turkey and the pies. The older children helped set the table while the twin babies played in their high chair. But I liked to play with the cat, waiting for somebody to give me food. All this time our old dog lay by the warm stove, watching the activity. Item 2 Our Thanksgiving on the farm 1 Before you read, think about the following questions. (1) When is Thanksgiving Day? (2) What do you know about Thanksgiving? (3) What does “Thanksgiving” mean to you? (4) Which Chinese festival is similar to Thanksgiving Day? Questions: (1) Where did the woman live when she was growing up? (2) Did her relatives live far away? (3) Where did her relatives come from? (4) How long did the family work to prepare for the holiday? 67 Let’s Celebrate 3 Programme Programme (5) What did the women do to get ready for Thanksgiving? (6) What did the men do to help? (7) What did the family do together? (8) What foods did the women cook on Thanksgiving Day? (9) What did the older children do to help? (10) Where was the dog? 3 Some words in the text go close together. Learn to organize them in the same way. (1) People around (2) Food (3) Clothing 4 What did the family do to prepare for the Thanksgiving Day? Fill in the chart. People Activities 1. mother clean the house, get rooms ready for the relatives, wash clothes, cook, stuff the turkey and roast it 2. father 3. aunt Ellen 4. aunt Ann 5. women 6. men 7. girls 8. older children 9. twin babies 10. whole family father mother boy man uncle turkey bird coffee bread pumpkin clothes suit 68 Unit 5 3 Programme Programme 1  Listen and fi ll in the missing words. (1) The Spring Festival is as important to the Chinese as ________ is to peo- ple in the West. (2) The festival begins on the _______ of the lunar New Year’s Day and ends on the________ day of the lunar calendar. (3) People are busy cleaning their houses. They hope to sweep away ________ and make way for ________. (4) At midnight people_____ fi recrackers. Friends express their ______ and everyone stays up late to celebrate the ______ of another new year. (5) People in the North like _________ while southerners favour ________. 5 Discussion Who is the busiest on Thanksgiving Day? Why? 6 Write about one of your childhood holidays. Paragraph 1: Say where you were and what you were doing at the time. Paragraph 2: Describe what happened. Paragraph 3: Describe your feelings and the atmosphere. 2 Read the text and answer the questions. The Chinese New Year — the Spring Festival is the most festive time of the year in China. To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas is to people in the West. The festival falls on the eve of the lunar New Year’s Day and ends on the fi fteenth day of the fi rst month of the lunar calendar. Days before the Spring Festival, every family is busy giving their house a good cleaning. People hope to sweep away all the bad luck in the family and *Item 3 New Year’s celebrations in China 69 Let’s Celebrate 3 Programme Programme Questions: (1) Is the Spring Festival important to the Chinese, and why? (2) When does the festival begin and when does it end? (3) Why do people give their houses a good cleaning before the New Year? (4) What do people do on New Year’s Eve? (5) What is the popular food for the Chinese people on that special day? to make way for the incoming good luck. Guo Nian, meaning passing the year, is the common term among the Chinese people for celebrating the Spring Festival. It actually means greeting the new year. At midnight on the New Year Eve, people let off fi recrackers. Friends express their wishes on the phone and everyone stays up late to cel- ebrate the arrival of another new year. On New Year’s Eve, all the family members come together to feast. One popular food on the Chinese New Year’s Eve is Jiaozi. While southerners fa- vour a sticky sweet rice pudding — Nian gao. During the next two weeks, friends and relatives visit one and another ex- changing gifts. The Chinese New Year’s celebration fi nishes with the beautiful Festival of Lanterns. And this means the offi cial end of the Spring Festival. 3 Make comparison between Items 1, 2 and Item 3, and then fi ll in the chart. Name of Holiday Date Food Activities 1. 2. 3. 70 Unit 5 Box 1 How + adj / adv + subject+predicate! How funny it is! How slowly he drives! What (a) +n. +subject+predicate! What a terrible story he told us last night! What fi ne weather we are having today! Box 2 Disjunctive Question You have a good Thanksgiving memory, don’t you? Mother cooked the turkey, didn’t she? They have decorated their Christmas tree, haven’t they? He will buy a bunch of fl owers for his mum on Mother’s Day, won’t he? 5 Data Bank Data Bank What a beautiful day! What a clever boy he is! How hard they are working! How beautiful these pictures are! 1  Read the sentences. Pay attention to the falling intonation. 4 Message Box Message Box 71 Let’s Celebrate 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab 1 Presentation What is your favourite festival? How do you celebrate it? 2 Role Play Student A is an interviewer and student B is an interviewee. Student A interviews student B about his / her preparations for the New Year. Then change roles. 3 Internet Surfi ng Find out the origins and traditions of Thanksgiving Day or Christmas. 4 Discussion What do you think of “the red envelope” that you receive during the Spring Festival? 7 Culture Corner Culture Corner In some countries, people make promises on New Year’s Day. They say they will change or do something different in the new year. These promises are called “resolu- tions”. Here are the most popular resolutions in the United States: Lose weight Change something about your job or get a better job Make or save money Stop smoking Exercise more Spend less money Do people really change? Some do, but most only keep their resolutions about a month. Less than 20 percent keep them for more than two years. 72 Unit 5 1 Write the words with the help of the pictures. Find the words in the puzzle. g d h j o l s t t r o u s e r s d e f m c g a l b s a p o g t i l s x e a i y p s h i r t n q p a l i e n g m e g l o v e s a r s h o e s h s s u z c l o a k w m o n s t t e r nd the word Don’t be scared! Trick or treat! Trick or treat! I want something good to eat. Trick or treat! Trick or treat! Give me something nice and sweet! Hello there! Not too big, not too small! Just the size of a bowling ball. If you don’t, that’s okay! We’ll come back another day! Go around and round the village As we have done before Go in and out the windows As we have done before Now stand and play the partner And bound before you go Round the village Now follow me to London As sweet as we’ve done before Now shake his hand clip him And bound before you go. 8 Game Zone Game Zone 3  A song. 2  A rhyme. 73 Let’s Celebrate Unit Unit International International Sports Events Sports Events 6 Topic Areas Sports and games Functions Intentions and plans Surprise and disappointment Talking about a past situation or a past habit Talking about sports events Structures used to Past continuous Highlights Highlights Chat Room Dialogue 1 A great workout Dialogue 2 It’s like a big party! Programme Item 1 The Olympic Games Item 2 The World Cup Item 3 I love this game * 1 Getting Started Getting Started 1 Answer the questions according to your own situation. 2 Match the words with pictures. 3  Listen and practise. Notice the pronunciation of used to. go swimming. go skating. play football. When I was a child, I used to Which sport do you like watching? Which sport do you like taking part in? Do you like the sport because you want to keep fit or because you enjoy it? c d e a b f g h (1) aerobics (2) baseball (3) bicycling (4) golf (5) hiking (6) karate (7) skiing (8) soccer (1) ____________ (2) ____________ (3) ____________ (4) ____________ (5) ____________ (6) ____________ (7) ____________ (8) ____________ 75 International Sports Events 4 Complete the sentences and then compare them with your partner’s. (1) In primary school, I used to... (2) I used to be..., but I’m not any more. (3) After school, my best friend and I used to... (4) When I was a child, I used to play... Getting Started Getting Started 1 5  Listen and practise as the example. Example: playing / chess/ 3:00 p.m yesterday A: What was John doing at 3:00 p.m. yesterday? B: He was playing chess at home. 6  Listen and practise. playing / football / 9:00 a.m. this morning playing / volleyball / 6:00 p.m. last Sunday trying / snowboarding / 3:00 p.m. last Sunday going / canoeing/ 10:00 a.m. yesterday (1) A: What were you doing when Linda came in? B: I was listening to a tape. (2) A: Did you go to the badminton game yesterday evening? B: No, I didn’t. A: Why not? It was really good. B: I was watching TV. go to the baseball game look after the child go to the gym write a letter go to the football match not feel well play hopscotch play snooker do step aerobics do karate 76 Unit 6 2 Chat Room Chat Room Dialogue 2  Dialogue 1  A great workout Janet: Wow, this gym is great! What a fantastic place to work out! Susan: Yes, I like to come here very much. Do you play any sports? Janet: Yes, I play tennis, I do a little karate and I go windsurfing in summer. Susan: You’re really into sports! I don’t do much sports, though. I like coming to the gym to work out. It is much easier for me. Janet: Listen, I have an idea. Why don’t you come to the karate class with me? Susan: No, karate would be too hard for me ... Janet: ... but you can learn! Karate is a great sport. How about coming with me on Saturday? Susan: Well, ... OK. Janet: Great, why don’t we meet at my house at 10 in the morning? Susan: Sure, that sounds great! Janet: I tell you what. Why don’t I cook lunch after the karate class? Susan: Wow, karate and lunch on Saturday. That’s a good idea. It’s like a big party! Bob: Ray, have you decided to stay in Beijing? Ray: Yes, I have. Shanghai is exciting, but Beijing is still home. Bob: That’s a good idea. You’ll be happier here. I think I’ll stay here for a while myself, at least until the Summer Olympics. Ray: Oh really? Do you plan to go to see the games while you’re here? Bob: Sure, the Olympics are very exciting. It’s like one big party! I had fun when I went to previous Olympics. Ray: You mean you’ve been to the Olympics before? Bob: Yes, I spent a few days in Atlanta in 1996, and I saw the Winter Olympics in Japan in 1998 too. Ray: So you saw different people and had a clear view of many events. Bob: Actually, I didn’t see so many. Believe it or not, it’s better to watch the sports events at home. It’s more comfortable, you can see the games up close. Ray: But why should people go to see the Olympics? Bob: Because the atmosphere is good. It’s a fun way to meet all kinds of people. 77 International Sports Events Programme Programme 3 Item 1 The Olympic Games 1 Work in pairs and ask each other the following questions. (1) Did you watch the grand opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games? If so, what amazed you most about the Games? (2) Which sport is China good at? (3) When and where will the next Olympic Games be held? 2  Listen to the text and fi ll in the missing information. The fi rst modern Olympics The 2008 Summer Olympics Athletes Countries 14 Events Sports × 3 Read the text and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). The Olympic Games are the biggest international sports competition on Earth. Thousands of athletes come together every four years and take part in individual and team sports. A few take home gold, silver or bronze medals. New sports are added at every game. And billions of people watch the Olym- pics on television. Separate Winter Games are also held every four years at snowy locations. They are for winter sports such as skiing and ice skating. Every four years since 1896, the best sportsmen and sportswomen in the world have met together for the Olympic Games. In 1896 — the fi rst modern Olympics — 311 athletes from fourteen countries tried to win med- als in forty-three events. The 2008 Summer Olympics, which is the 29th, took place in Beijing, China, from August 8 to August 24, 2008. A total of 11,438 athletes from 204 countries competed in 28 sports and 302 events. Being at the Olympics is the life’s dream for thousands of athletes, and winning an Olympic medal is their highest goal. The Olympic Games have be- come an important event celebrated by people around the world. The Olym- pic motto is “Faster, Higher, Stronger.” The Olympic Torch symbolizes peace, friendship and progress. 78 Unit 6 3 Programme Programme 4 Fill in the blanks using the proper words. The athletes are in various moods after the (1)__________. Some are excited, and some in low (2)__________. I can understand their feelings, and always share their (3)__________ and tears. Each time I lead an (4) __________ to the testing station, I pray for a good result. Fair play is the foundation of any sports (5)__________. I hope the athletes can achieve their highest (6)__________. 5 Discussion (1) How do you understand the Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger”? (2) Why do we say that the Olympic Torch symbolizes peace, friendship and progress? (3) What do the fi ve rings on the Olympic fl ags stand for? (1) The Olympic Games are one of the biggest international sports competitions on Earth. ( ) (2) Both the Summer and the Winter Olympic Games are held every four years. ( ) (3) The fi rst modern Olympics didn’t begin until 1896. ( ) (4) Being at the Olympics is the athletes’ highest goal. ( ) Item 2 The World Cup 1  Listen and fi ll in the blanks. (1) The World Cup is held every ________ years. (2) Uruguay won the ______ World Cup in 1930. (3) ________ plays in every World Cup fi nal stage. (4) Brazil has won the World Cup ______ times. (5) _____ teams were selected via a worldwide qualifi cation tournament in the 2010 World Cup. 79 International Sports Events 3 Programme Programme 2 Read the text and match the words with their defi nitions. Soccer is the world’s biggest spectator sport. The biggest international soc- cer tournament is the World Cup. It is held every four years. Uruguay won the fi rst World Cup, held in Uruguay in 1930. The World Cup trophy is pre- sented to the winning team. Brazil is the only nation to play in every World Cup fi nal stage. It has won the World Cup fi ve times. The Brazilian style of soccer is beautiful to watch — full of impressive tricks and skills. The 2010 FIFA World Cup took place in South Africa. It was the fi rst cup hosted in Africa. Thirty-two teams were selected via a worldwide qualifi ca- tion tournament. They competed in groups of four teams for points. In the fi nal, Spain defeated the Netherlands and became the eighth nation to win the tournament. 3 Answer the questions. (1) How often is the World Cup held? (2) Do you know what FIFA stands for? (3) Where was the 2010 World Cup held and who won it? (4) What makes the Brazilian style of play beautiful to watch? (1) via a. last game (2) soccer b. by way of (3) spectator c. football (4) tournament d. on-looker (at a game) (5) defeat e. series of matches (6) fi nal f. win 80 Unit 6 3 Programme Programme 1  Listen to the text and match the pictures with the following verbs. *Item 3 I love this game! 2 Read the text and fi ll in the missing letters according to the defi nitions. Basketball is a fast and exciting sport to play and watch. You can play it in- doors or outdoors. All you need is a hoop, a basketball, and some friends. A team scores by shooting the basketball through the other team’s hoop. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins! Basketball is played on a rectangular court with a hoop at each end. Each team has fi ve players on the court at a time. A player moves the ball up and down the court by bouncing it with one hand. This is called dribbling. You also can move the ball by passing it to a teammate. The team with the ball is on offense. The other team is on defense. The team on defense guards the players on offense to keep them from scor- (1) dribble (2) shoot (3) bounce (4) pass a. b. c. d. 81 International Sports Events 3 Programme Programme 3 Group Work Choose one of the topics and talk about it in your group. (1) the equipment of a basketball game (2) the rules of a basketball game (3) the scoring in a basketball game ing. The best way to play defense is by staying between the person you are guarding and the basket. Once you stop dribbling the ball, you have to pass it or shoot it. If you start dribbling again, it is called a double dribble. If you move more than one of your feet while holding the ball, it is called traveling. When you do either of these, the other team gets the ball. When you play defense, you can steal the ball from the player who is dribbling. Make sure you don’t trip or push the other players. Otherwise the referee will call a foul. You can pass the ball through the air or by bouncing it to another player. When you pass the ball, aim for the chest of the other person. A basket is usually worth two points. A free throw is worth one point. Bouncing the ball off the backboard sometimes can help you make a shot. Boys and girls, come on! Let’s learn to play basketball! (1) d______ the team that does not have the ball, and tries keep the other team from scoring (2) d______ to bounce the ball with one hand (3) f_______ when a player pushes, trips, or grabs a player on the other team (4) s_______ to throw a ball towards the hoop (5) o______ the team that has the ball, and tries to score points (6) p______ to throw or bounce the ball to a teammate (7) s_______ to take the ball away from the other team (8) t_______ moving more than one foot while holding the basketball (9) r_______ the offi cial who controls the game in the sports (10) h______ the ring that the players throw the ball through in the game of basketball in order to score points 82 Unit 6 Box 1 used to I / You / We used to play hopscotch (but I / you / we don’t now). He / She used to play hopscotch (but he / she doesn’t now). I / You / We didn’t use to play golf (but I / you / we do now). He / She didn’t use to play golf (but he / she does now). Did you use to cycle to school? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. Did he use to cycle to school? Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. 5 Data Bank Data Bank You’ve got a happy family, haven’t you? Your brother is a worker, isn’t he? It’s a lovely day, isn’t it? His sister’s working in Shanghai, isn’t she? It looks like rain, doesn’t it? It’s cold today, isn’t it? You can drive a car, can’t you? 1  Learn the following sentences and read the tag questions with falling intonation. 2  Read the tag questions with rising intonation. 4 Message Box Message Box Box 2 use of the past continuous tense You were playing basketball with my friends at 9 last night. He was watching a football game on TV when Linda came in. They weren't watching the championships all night last Friday. Were they playing football at 8 last night? Was he working out in the gym all afternoon? 83 International Sports Events 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab 1 Presentation How do you interpret the 2008 Olympics emblem? 2 Role Play Student A — You are a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games. Now you are with a foreigner. Try to introduce the things that he /she might be interested in. Student B — You are one of the foreign athletes, and show great interest in the Chinese cultures and customs. Ask the volunteer questions. Then change roles. 3 Survey Questions Boys Girls (1) How many countries competed in the 2008 Olympic Games? (2) What were the offi cial mascots for the Beijing Olympics? (3) Who was China’s fi rst gold medal winner and for what event? (4) How many medals did the Chinese team get? (5) What is the ranking of the Chinese team on the medal list? (6) What meanings did the slogan for the 2008 Olympic Games convey? 4 Discussion How to understand: (1) The slogan for 2008 Olympics “One World, One Dream.” (2) The slogan for 2012 Olympics “Inspire a Generation.” 5 Internet Surfi ng Find out the information about the mascots (Fuwa) of the 2008 Olympic Games. 84 Unit 6 1. DID YOU KNOW? In ancient Greece athletes often competed naked. (Women were not allowed to watch or take part!) Greek artists strove to capture the athletes’ grace and power in works of sculpture. This famous statue is a Roman copy of a Greek statue called The Discus-thrower, made about 450 BC. The ancient Greeks used a bronze plate for their discus. 2. Many of the country’s top football clubs now have ladies teams. England’s Ladies are one of Europe’s top teams, growing stronger every season as the female game gets a real foothold in this country. Young girls can start to play with local club sides around the country. At fi rst they are able to compete in the same sides as boys, but as they get older they have to fi nd girl-only sides. An increasing number of local clubs are now trying to set up their own girl-only teams because of growing demand. n o 1 Look at the table and fi nd the suitable verb for each sport. 8 Game Zone Game Zone go do play golf cycling fishing volleyball chess rugby tennis running swimming karate squash tennis cricket judo jogging sailing snooker boxing canoeing hide-and-seek badminton horse riding wind surfing body building weight training step aerobics gymnastics diving bungee jumping table tennis sumo wrestling hitchhiking 7 Culture Corner Culture Corner 85 International Sports Events Basketball Drop the ball, let it fall, Watch tall men, scramble all. In the basket is thrown a ball, Never miss catching all. Sportsmanship Unity theme begins a team, Working to build team’s esteem. Together working on sports team, Redeem the victory scheme. Tennis Tennis balls racked back and forth, Racket miss to pass a score. Tennis players back and forth, Until one player miss a score. Auld Lang Syne Auld Lang Syne Should all acquaintance be forgot And never brought to mind? Should all acquaintance be forgot And days of auld lang syne? For auld lang syne, my friend. For auld lang syne We’ll take a cup of kindness Yet for auld lang syne. 8 Game Zone Game Zone 3  A song. 2  Rhymes. 86 Unit 6 Unit Unit 7 Topic Areas Table manners Eating customs Kinds of food Functions Talking about meals Offering and ordering Preference Giving advice Structures The infi nitive Alternative Highlights Highlights Dining Customs Dining Customs Chat Room Dialogue 1 Are you ready to order now? Dialogue 2 I have got an invitation to someone’s house. Programme Item 1 Eating habits in America Item 2 Table manners for children Item 3 How to lay the table * 1 What will you have? Some people are now ordering in a coffee shop. Listen to them and circle the correct items in each order. Getting Started Getting Started 1 (1) Main Dish hamburger w / ketchup mustard hot dog w / ketchup mustard taco beef chicken pizza cheese pepperoni fried chicken Sides mashed potatoes French fries small salad Beverages cola S M L milk S M L tea w / lemon coffee w / cream (3) Main Dish hamburger w / ketchup mustard hot dog w / ketchup mustard taco beef chicken pizza cheese pepperoni fried chicken Sides mashed potatoes French fries small salad Beverages cola S M L milk S M L tea w / lemon coffee w / cream (2) Main Dish hamburger w / ketchup mustard hot dog w / ketchup mustard taco beef chicken pizza cheese pepperoni fried chicken Sides mashed potatoes French fries small salad Beverages cola S M L milk S M L tea w / lemon coffee w / cream 88 Unit 7 2 Put the words into three groups and check your answers in pairs. 1 Getting Started Getting Started 3  Listen and practise. (1) A: Have you got any plans for this evening, Jane? B: No, I haven’t. Why? A: Would you like to B: I’d love to. Thanks. (Sorry, I’d love to, but I’m busy.) (2) A: Would you like to B: Yes, I would. (No, I wouldn’t like to. I would like to...) (3) A: What salad dressing would you like to have? B: I’d like to have come to dinner with me? go for a picnic? eat out? chips cup bowl dish fork jam knife melon napkin pasta pot saucer sausage spoon steak tablecloth teaspoon toast chopsticks glasses plate eggcup pan ice cream try some pasta? have some muffins? eat some waffles? thousand island please. mayonnaise please. oil and vinegar please. (1) things to eat (2) things on the table (3) things to cook with: chips, cup, pot, 89 Dining Customs Dialogue 2  Chat Room Chat Room 2 Dialogue 1  Are you ready to order now? Ted: Everything looks good. What are you going to have, Jane? Jane: I think I’ll have the spaghetti and a salad. How about you? What are you going to have? Ted: Spaghetti sounds good, but I feel like a steak. I guess we are ready to order. Excuse me! Waitress: Good evening. Are you ready to order now? Jane: Yes, I’ll have the spaghetti and a salad. Waitress: And what kind of dressing would you like on your salad? Jane: I’d like oil and vinegar. Waitress: OK. And what would you like, Sir? Ted: I’d like a steak, medium-rare, please. Waitress: Would you like some soup or salad with that? Ted: What kind of soup do you have tonight? Waitress: Cream of mushroom and clam chowder. Ted: Clam chowder, please. And I’ll have a baked potato and carrots. Waitress: I’ll be right back with your soup and salad. Jane: Thank you. I have got an invitation to someone’s house. Mike: Jane, when you visit people, what do you usually take as a present? I’ve got an invitation to someone’s house. Jane: Oh, people usually take a bottle of wine or some chocolates or flowers. If we are friends, we sometimes take food — some special cheese or something. Mike: OK, the invitation is for six o’clock. Does that mean six o’clock exactly? Jane: Not exactly, about ten past six is fine. They probably want to eat at six thirty, or six forty five. Mike: Right. And when do I leave? Jane: It depends, nine o’clock, or half past nine. Leave when other people leave. Mike: Thanks a lot, Jane. Jane: My pleasure. 90 Unit 7 3 Programme Programme Item 1 Eating habits in America 1  Listen to the text with you book shut and choose the correct answer. “Three square meals a day” — breakfast, lunch, and dinner — that’s what the typical American is supposed to eat. A complete American breakfast begins with fruit or fruit juice (usu- ally orange juice). The main course generally consists of cereal or eggs. For adults, coffee is the usual breakfast drink. Other popular breakfast dishes are waffl es, French toast and pancakes, and all of them are served with butter and maple syrup. Lunch hour is from noon until one o’clock or so. Many people bring lunch with them from home. For this purpose they need a small, portable meal. So the sandwich is their best choice. In addition, it is inexpensive and easy to prepare. Some popular cold sandwiches are those made with ham and cheese, peanut butter and jelly, sliced chicken or turkey, tuna salad, or roast beef, lettuce, tomato, and pickle are often tucked inside or served alongside the sandwich. The biggest meal of the day in the United States is dinner. Most Ameri- cans prefer to eat dinner between 6pm and 7pm. It usually includes meat (or other protein) with potatoes and bread, at least one vegetable (corn, peas, broccoli) and dessert. Ice cream is the overall favorite. And it can be found in most refrigerators in a variety of fl avors. With lunch and dinner, Americans commonly drink water, fruit juice, cof- fee, tea or soda. In the United States, eating is an important part of family life and social activity. In many homes, dinner time may be the only time when everyone gets together, and shares the day’s experiences. It is also an occasion for in- viting their friends. (1) Americans commonly begin the day by drinking_______. A. soda B. cocktails C. orange juice (2) For lunch, many Americans eat ________. A. a sandwich B. beer and sausage. C. brunch (3) For dessert, many Americans prefer ______. A. something sweet B. fruit and cheese C. snacks (4) The main meal of the day is always called ______. A. supper B. a snack C. dinner 91 Dining Customs 3 Programme Programme Item 2 Table manners for children 1  Listen to the text. Put a “√” when it is a good table manner and put an “×” when it is a bad manner. (5) Dinner time is an important part of family life and social activity because __________. A. everyone gets together, and shares the day’s experiences B. it is an occasion for inviting their friends C. Both A and B 2 Read the text again and fi ll in the table. Meal Descriptions Food Drink Breakfast Lunch Dinner 3 Discussion Make a comparison between American meals and Chinese meals. Are there any similarities and differences? wash your hands before a meal sit up straight slouch talk with your mouth full giggle wave things play with your food 92 Unit 7 3 Programme Programme 2 Read the text and do the exercise. Here are some suggestions: gWash your hands before sitting down. gLeave toys, books and pets behind. gWhen you sit down, place the napkin on your laps. gSit up straight and don’t slouch. gAsk others to pass the dishes. Never reach across the table. gWait until everyone is seated and served before starting to eat. Don’t giggle during the meal. gKeep your elbows off the table. gNever chew with your mouth open. gNever talk with your mouth full of food. gUse knives, forks and spoons quietly. Never wave or throw them. gKeep your knife out of your mouth. gNever play with your food. gNever take food from other people’s plates. gAsk politely for seconds if you want them. gSay “Excuse me” when leaving the table. Remember, good manners are important and make your meals more enjoyable. (1) Fill in the parts of a person’s body. She sat with her _______ on the table. She rested her ______ on her _______. Come and sit on my _______ and I’ll read you a story. (2) Fill in the following sentences with verbs: chew, giggle, slouch Sit up properly. Don’t ___________. You should _______ your food well, or you’ll get indigestion. The sound made the girl _________. (3) Match the words with their defi nitions. ķ pet a. piece of cloth or paper used while you are eating  ĸ napkin b. a tool or container in the kitchen  Ĺ utensil c. an animal kept in the home 93 Dining Customs 3 Programme Programme 1 Before you read, think about the following questions. (1) What is the Chinese way of setting the table? (2) When you have western food, do you know how to lay the table? 2 There are three ways of setting the table, but only one of them is right. Do you know which one? *Item 3 How to lay the table 3 Read the text again and list the Dos and Don’ts. Dos Don’ts 4 Pair Work One student reads the suggestions in the text and the other mimes the actions. 94 Unit 7 3 Programme Programme 3  Listen to the text with your book shut and draw a picture about how to set the table. Do you have any ideas about table setting when you have friends around? You can lay the table in the following way. Cutlery 1 Knives and spoons: go on the right of each plate setting. 2 Forks: go on the left of the plate. 3 Order of placing: cutlery is always set to be used, starting from the out- side. 4 Facing: Forks are placed with the prongs facing upwards and knife blades should face inwards. 5 Dessert or fruit course: if special knives are needed, these are generally brought on with the fruit. 6 Pudding spoon and fork: this is sometimes put above plate setting in or- der to save space on the table. The fork should be pointing to the left. Put the spoon above the fork with its handle to the right. China 7 Lay side plates on the left of the setting. 8 Other plates are generally brought in with each course. 9 If food has to be eaten with fi ngers, provide fi nger bowls of warm water with a slice of lemon. 10 A simply folded napkin is put on the side plate (on the left) or to one side of the glasses (on the right). Glass 11 A large glass for water, a smaller one is for white wine, medium-size for red wine. Remember: For a formal dinner, please use a big tablecloth with mats. 95 Dining Customs 3 Programme Programme Box 1 to do It is important to learn English. Our main task is to develop our abilities. He decided to try again. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. We have a lot of homework to do. I am sorry to hear that. He got up early (in order) to catch the fi rst bus. The question is how to get the best results in our studies. This lesson is diffi cult for us to understand. This is for you to decide. The old worker told us not to forget the past. Box 2 Alternative Question Are you a vegetarian or a non-vegetarian? Shall we have the whole grain bread or the white bread? Would you like broccoli or caulifl ower? Would you prefer celery or spinach? Which international cuisine would you rather have?( Italian / Mexican / Chinese...) How spicy would you like to have your food? ( Bland / Mild / Moderate / Very) 4 Message Box Message Box 4 Bring the following things to the class. Use a desk as a table. Set the table for four people — two hosts and two guests. a table cloth four mats dishes knives spoons dessert knives and forks fruit knives and forks plates a large glass a medium-size glass a small glass 96 Unit 7 5 Data Bank Data Bank 1  Read the following sentences. Pay attention to the rising intonation Have you seen him today? Soon he became a skilled worker. Thanks very much, Mr Zhang. China is rich in coal, iron, oil and other things. You’re a worker, aren’t you? Is she a teacher or a student? If you come with me, I’ll show you. 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab 1 Presentation Tell your classmates something about table manners, and then ask them if they think you are correct or wrong. 2 Pair Work One of your Canadian friends is going to invite you to dinner / a birthday party / a wedding party. What present are you going to take? Ask your partner about it. Make a conversation and act it out. 97 Dining Customs 6 DIY Lab 3 Topic Discussion Do you like fast food (KFC and McDonald’s)? Why is it so popular? Why is it called “junk food”? Utensils For the small knife and fork the big knife and fork the small knife on the small plate the small plate the large glass the medium-size glass the small glass 5 Internet Surfing How to avoid putting on weight? Find out some suggestions on the Internet. 4 Problem Solving Different knives, forks, plates and glasses are for different dishes. Make an investigation in a grand hotel or a Western-style restaurant. Tell your partner how to use them. 7 Culture Corner In traditional Chinese dining, dishes are placed at the center of the table and are shared by all the guests. Square and rectangular tables are often used for small groups of people. Round tables are used for large groups so dishes can be shared easily. A basic place setting consists of a small teacup, a large plate with a small empty rice bowl, a set of chopsticks, a chopstick rest and a spoon usually placed on the right side of the plate. 98 Unit 7 8 Game Zone Game Zone 1 Help Chef Smith organize his party. He likes to place healthy foods together in the same food group. Cross out the food item that does not belong on the shelf. The Peanut Butter When dinner time is here, we all set up a cheer! When dinner time is here, the table we must clear! When dinner time is here, we set aside all fear, Because the peanut butter sandwiches are here! Peanut butter sandwiches any day Peanut butter sandwiches it’s OK Peanut butter sandwiches it’s alright ‘Cause I’m about to take a big bite! 2  A rhyme. 99 Dining Customs Ten Little Farmer Boys Ten little farmer boys riding on a bike One had to go right home And then there were nine There was one, little two Little three, little four Little five, little farmer boys There were six, little seven Little eight, little nine Little ten, little farmer boys Nine little farmer boys playing near the gate One had to milk the cow and then there were eight Eight little farmer boys looking up the heavens One got some dirt in his eye, leaving seven Seven little farmer boys playing with some bricks One had to rest awhile and then there were six Six little farmer boys learning how to dive One didn’t like the water and then there were five Five little farmer boys playing in the store One ate too many candies and then there were four Four little farmer boys climbing on a tree One fell to the ground and then there were three Three little farmer boys wondering what to do One stopped to feed the dog and then there were two Two little farmer boys are playing in the sun One went to catch some fish and then there was one One little farmer boy tried to have some fun He had to feed the pigs and then there was none. 8 Game Zone Game Zone 3  A song. 100 Unit 7 Unit Unit Personal Celebrations Personal Celebrations 8 Topic Areas Special events Personal celebrations Functions Expressing wishes Saying congratulations Giving invitations Structures It is + adjective + infi nitive Verbs followed by objective + infi nitive Verbs followed by what / which / how / where / when + infi nitive Highlights Highlights Chat Room Dialogue 1 Before the party Dialogue 2 During the party Dialogue 3 After the party Programme Item 1 Is it traditional to have a birthday like this? Item 2 A birthday party Item 3 Weddings in the United States * 1  Listen and match the celebrations with the pictures. Getting Started Getting Started 1 a. birthday b. wedding c. graduation day d. birth of a new baby e. wedding anniversary f. moving to a new flat A. B. C. D. E. F. A: Happy birthday! Happy anniversary! Congratulations! Good luck! Well done! I wish you happiness in the wedding / engagement! B: Thank you! Thanks for coming! It’s lovely. Thank you very much! 102 Unit 8 2  Listen and make dialogues of your own. 1 Getting Started Getting Started A: My daughter has been accepted to study at Beijing University. B: That’s great! Congratulations! A: Thanks! I’m pleased to hear that. B: Me too! A: My grandpa has just won ¥ 10,000 in the lottery. B: Really? That’s so wonderful. (1) (2) win fi rst prize have a baby get good grades pass her fourth driving test get a new job win the football match (1) (2) 103 Personal Celebrations Getting Started Getting Started 1 3  Listen and practise. 4  Listen and make similar conversations. Tom: Hey, what are you doing on Friday evening? Jackie: Nothing particular. Why, what’s up? Tom: I’m going to dine out on Friday evening because it is my birthday. Would you like to go? Jackie: Sure! What about you, Mike? Mike: Friday evening? I’d love to go, but my parents are coming to visit and I have to pick them up from the airport. Tom: That’s all right. We’ll do something later. (1) give a house-warming gift, polite (2) get a diploma, exciting (3) blow out the candles, interesting (1) go to Disney World (2) go to a concert (3) paint the new flat (4) edit a newspaper A: We are going to make a birthday cake for Mum. B: Good idea! It’s traditional to have a birthday cake on her birthday. 104 Unit 8 Dialogue 1  1 Getting Started Getting Started 5  Listen and make dialogues of your own. A: I’d like to send my grandparents a present, but I don’t know what to buy. B: All right …Why don’t you buy them a nice album? A: Good idea. buy a large fl owerpot where to put it put it in the garden invite some friends to my birthday party how to write invitation cards look it up in a guidebook take care of the baby when to change the baby’s nappy ask your mother 2 Chat Room Chat Room Before the party (Yesterday) Lucy: What’s up, Wang Dong? What are you up to tomorrow? Wang Dong: Nothing particular. Why, what’s going on? Lucy: Do you want to come to a surprise party for Rob at my apartment? Wang Dong: Cool! What time does it start? Lucy: About 8 pm. Do you know how to get there or do you need directions? Wang Dong: I know where it is. Do I need to bring anything for it? Lucy: No, just show up before eight. I have to go, see you later. Wang Dong: Bye! o ns? 105 Personal Celebrations 2 Chat Room Chat Room Dialogue 2  Dialogue 3  During the party (Today) Lucy: Remember everyone, this is a surprise party, so don’t be too loud. Ben: OK, let’s all go to the other room and turn the lights off. Wang Dong: When Rob comes in, everyone yells, “Surprise!” Lucy: Shhh, I hear him coming. All: Surprise! Happy Birthday, Rob! After the party (Later…) Lucy: It’s a great party, isn’t it? Rob: Definitely. I was really surprised. Wang: Dong: Thanks for inviting me, Lucy. Lucy: Don’t mention it! Rob: Thanks for coming, you guys. 106 Unit 8 3 Programme Programme Item 1 Is it traditional to have a birthday like this? 1  Listen to the text and complete the table below. Age Nationality Celebrations Teresa Going out with friends Francisco 30 Lin Xiaohan Chinese Mr Brady 2 Read the text and underline different customs for each person’s birthday. Francisco, Paris, France I’m going to be 30 next Friday. In France, when you have a birthday, you often invite people out. I know that in some countries it’s the opposite — people take you out. Teresa, Madrid, Spain My twenty-first birthday was in April. I was really happy to go out and celebrate with my friends. They pulled my ear 21 times, once for each year. It’s an old custom. Some people do it only once, but my friends are very tradi- tional! Sometimes it’s wonderful to follow the custom. I even want them to do that on my sixtieth birthday. 107 Personal Celebrations 3 Programme Programme Mr and Mrs Brady, Manchester, Britain In Britain we say, “Life begins at 40”. My husband is going to be 40 this weekend. It’s a special birthday. I’d like to hold a big par- ty for him with all our friends and relatives, but we don’t want him to know that now. It’s going to be a surprise. What am I go- ing to give my husband? I can’t say. That’s a surprise, too. 4 Group Work In some parts of the world, like Scotland, people spank or hit the child on his / her birthday. This may hurt a little, but they say it’s lucky for the child. It’s to make the bad spirits go away. (1) What do you think of the custom? (2) Can you think of other special birthday customs? 3 Topic Discussion Tell your deskmate which birthday party you are most interested in and why. Lin Xiaohan, Taipei, China Yesterday was my sixteenth birthday. It was a special birthday, so we had a family celebra- tion. I was happy to receive some money in “lucky” envelopes from my relatives. My mother cooked noodles — noodles are for a long life. 108 Unit 8 3 Read Text A and Text B. What information do they include? Write A, B or Both. 4 Imagine you are having a fancy dress party, try to make an invitation card fi rst and then write a letter to one of your friends to invite them to come to your party. 2 Look at the invitation card and think what RSVP means. 3 Programme Programme To: _____________ You are invited to: _____________ At: _____________ On: _____________ At: 12, Bull Lane, Berton From: _____________ RSVP Item 2 A B Dear Sara, How are you? Guess what! My birthday party is on 11th June. I’m having a barbecue and disco in the garden at 8 pm. My dad is going to decorate the garden with lovely, colourful balloons. We’re also going to play lots of games. My mum is making a big cake for me. You must come so you will have a slice. All my friends from school are coming. I know you live far away, but you can stay over at my house. My dad can pick you up from the station. Just bring your party dress, a toothbrush and some music for the disco. I really hope you can come. Call me at 68481238. Love, Jane ____ a. type of event ____ b. date of event ____ c. reason ____ d. location ____ e. activities ____ f. special arrangements 1  Listen to the letter and fi ll in the invitation card. A birthday party 109 Personal Celebrations 3 Programme Programme *Item 3 Weddings in the United States 1  Listen to the text with your book shut and put the following events in the right order. In the United States, weddings are celebrated differently. But most young couples prefer a traditional wedding. Before they are married, a man and a woman become engaged. They then send wedding invitations to their neighbours, their close friends and their relatives. When everything is ready, there is the wedding ceremony. The wedding ceremony itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The family and friends of the bride and the groom sit on different sides of the church. The wedding party goes in while the wedding march is played. The groom enters the church from a side door. The bride, with a bouquet, wears a white gown. She enters last with her father and he will “give her away”. The bride and groom exchange vows and rings during the ceremony. After the ceremony there is often a party, called a “reception”. The new- ly-weds and their guests drink champagne, eat a delicious dinner, and dance to the music of a live band. And it’s common to congratulate the new couple at this time. After the wedding, the couple leave the party in a car with balloons and streamers. They often have the words “Just married” painted on the back window. The couple run to the car under a shower of rice by the guests. And then the couple drive away from the church and go on their honeymoon. a. exchanging rings b. reception c. honeymoon 110 Unit 8 3 Programme Programme 2 Match the words with their defi nitions. (1) ________________ (2) ________________ (3) ________________ (4) ________________ (5) ________________ (6) ________________ (7) ________________ (8) ________________ (9) ________________ i. exchanging vows d. sitting on different sides of the church e. entering with a bouquet f. waiting g. congratulations h. invitations (1) engaged a. agree to marry each other (2) ceremony b. people who have just married (3) streamer c. given or made during a concert, not in a studio (4) newly-weds d. long narrow ribbon of coloured paper (5) live e. formal act on a public occasion 3 Complete the sentences with the words below. engaged traditional reception newly-weds streamers (1) Bob is drawing a room with balloons and ____________. (2) She’s ______________ to Peter. (3) Let’s congratulate the young ______________. (4) There is a _____________ for the foreign visitors today. (5) It’s ______________ in England to eat turkey on Christmas Day. 111 Personal Celebrations 5 Group Work Discuss the following questions with your partner: (1) What do these phrases in the text mean? (2) Why do they have the custom of “a shower of rice”? (3) Do you have the same or similar customs like “a shower of rice” in China? Look at the following pictures. Which is similar to “a shower of rice”? 3 Programme Programme 4 Retell the customs at an American wedding. a shower of rice a wedding march give her away 112 Unit 8 Box 1 It’s nice to see you. easy talk. wonderful follow the customs. impossible refuse. 4 Message Box Message Box Verb sb to do He encouraged me to try again. She invited us to go with her. My dad allowed me to drive his car. Box 2 Wh- (how) to I don’t know how to write invitation cards. She showed me how to do it. He found out where to buy the book. Box 3 5 Data Bank Data Bank He came back last night. Do you study English or French? Come here, please! What do you do? Let’s go now. How lovely! Lovely day, isn’t it? What a nice place! They work hard, and they’ve made good progress. 1  Read the following sentences with falling intonation. 113 Personal Celebrations 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab 1 1 Presentation There are many personal celebrations. Tell your class the most important one you’ve ever had. You should tell why it was important and how you celebrated it. 2 2 Topic Discussion Nowadays text messages are widely used on the mobile phones. Can you understand the following conversation? Sarah: hey r u there? Lisa: yep, wut u up 2? Sarah: nothin, how r u doin? Lisa: im gr8, wanna hang out Lisa: brb Sarah: k Lisa: back, idk I have a lot of hwork LOL Sarah: haha, k. how bout tmrw? Lisa: Wut we gonna do? Sarah: How bout eat pizza? Lisa: def! 3 3 Problem Solving Plan a birthday party for one of your classmates. Make a list of the things you need to have for the party. Then make a conversation with your partners. ________ where to have the party ________ who starts the celebration ________ food and drink ________ music ________ cakes and candles ________ camera ________ games 4 4 Internet Surfi ng Find information about a graduation ceremony at Oxford or Harvard Univer- sity. Share it with your partner. 114 Unit 8 7 Culture Corner Culture Corner In Britain, it’s traditional to send cards on a special occasion. 1. What special occasions are these cards for? 1 2 3 4 5 6 2. What do people often say on the cards? Identify the occasions and the relation- ship (formal or informal). The fi rst has been done for you. (1) One year older, one year wiser! Have a great day! —— John occasion birthday relationship informal (2) Wishing you many happy years together! Best wishes! —— Julia Smith occasion _____________ relationship __________ (3) Congratulations on moving house! When is the housewarming party? —— Mary occasion _____________ relationship __________ (4) Congratulations! Hope she has her mother’s looks and her father’s talent for speech! —— Much love from Anna occasion _____________ relationship __________ (5) We had a lovely evening. Don’t forget to let me have that recipe. Thank you very much. —— Joe occasion _____________ relationship __________ (6) Well done! May your future be as successful as your college days have been! Regards. —— K. Anderson occasion _____________ relationship __________ (1) __________________ (2) __________________ (3) __________________ (4) __________________ (5) __________________ (6) __________________ 115 Personal Celebrations 8 Game Zone Game Zone 1 Make a mask. Suppose you’re going to have a costume party. In the party, everybody needs a mask. Design a mask and then compare your mask with your classmates’. Silent night Silent night! Holy night! All is calm, all is bright, Round your Virgin mother and child! Holy infant, so tender and mild, Sleep in heavenly peace! Sleep in heavenly peace! Silent night! Holy night! Shepherds quake at the sight! Glories stream from heaven afar, Heavenly hosts sing Alleluya! Christ, the Saviour, is born! Christ, the Saviour, is born! Decide which mask is: the most original the most colourful the funniest the prettiest the ugliest the best… 2  A song. 116 Unit 8 Unit Unit We Are All We Are All Geographers! Geographers! 9 Topic Areas Geography Continents and oceans Places of historical interest Functions Talking about reading a map Asking for directions Recommending Describing places Structures Adverbial clause of time Conjunctions: when, as soon as, until Highlights Highlights Chat Room Dialogue 1 We are all geographers! Dialogue 2 Let’s go to Ireland Programme Item 1 Antarctica Item 2 The largest ocean – the Pacifi c Ocean Item 3 Shanghai – the largest city in China * 1 Choose the right words from the box and fi ll in the blanks. Getting Started Getting Started 1 2  Listen and practise. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 Continents: Asia Africa North America South America Antarctica Europe Australia Oceans: the Pacific Ocean the Atlantic Ocean the Indian Ocean the Arctic Ocean 1. ____________________ 2.____________________ 3. ____________________ 4.____________________ 5. ____________________ 6.____________________ 7. ____________________ 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 4. ____________________ A: Where did he work? B: He worked in that small village until the volcano erupted. 118 Unit 9 volcano / erupt earthquake / happen 3  Listen carefully and then ask and answer questions. 1 Getting Started Getting Started typhoon / damage / house flood / cause / landslide many clouds lowland few clouds high latitude high altitude near the equator l d h h l d h h l d h l l d there are many clouds, A: When you reach the top of the mountain, you feel colder. You come to the South Pole, Why? the clouds B: Because the altitude affect / affects the temperature. the latitude 119 We Are All Geographers! Getting Started Getting Started 1 5  Listen and make dialogues of your own. Chengdu the Sichuan Basin Kaifeng the Central Plain Lhasa the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 4  Read after the tape and make new dialogues. find the North Star, As soon as you find the compass, you will find the north. look at the trees, A: I’m lost. Which direction is north? B: Don’t worry. B: I recommend You should go to … It’s in ... You really should I really love it. It’s wonderful. It’s one of the best cities I’ve ever visited. That’s the best place for people to live on the Earth. A: I like traveling. Can you recommend a place to visit in China? f 120 Unit 9 Dialogue 2  2 Chat Room Chat Room Dialogue 1  We are all geographers! A: This book is fascinating. B: Really? What’s it about? A: Geography! Geography is about people and places. The study of geography helps us to explore different parts of the world. It says we are all geographers. B: We are all geographers? A: Yes. We all have an interest in what goes on around us. B: Oh, I didn’t realize that. It’s very interesting. Could you lend it to me when you finish it? A: Sure! I will let you know as soon as I finish it. B: Oh, thanks! I’d really appreciate that. Let’s go to Ireland A: Excuse me, can you tell me something about Ireland? B: Of course. Ireland is separated into two parts. The north is still part of the UK. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, has been an independent state since 1921. Which part do you want to learn about? A: The Republic of Ireland. What’s its population? B: The Republic has three and a half million inhabitants. A: What’s the official language? B: English and Gaelic. A: What’s its capital? B: Dublin. A: What’s it famous for? B: Ireland is famous for its beautiful scenery, especially its coastline and green rolling hills. Ireland is also famous for its traditional music, and finally for Guinness, a thick, black beer. A: Thank you very much. d us. 121 We Are All Geographers! 3 Programme Programme Item 1 Antarctica 1 Discussion (1) What are these animals? (2) Where are they? (3) Are they afraid of cold? (4) Do you think Antarctica has changed a lot these years? 2  Listen and check your answers in Ex. 1. Antarctica is the fi fth largest of the Earth’s seven continents. During the win- ter it doubles in size because of the sea ice. Antarctica is more than 95% covered in ice, and it has about 90% of the world’s fresh water. Because of its thick ice cover, it is the highest of all con- tinents. The snow and ice of Antarctica are the purest in the world. There’s no pollution here. Antarctica is the coldest continent. The lowest temperature, -88.3 de- grees, was in 1960. Antarctica is a true desert. Just 7cm of water falls annually. It hasn’t rained at the South Pole since 1,000,000 years ago. It has continuous day- light during the summer and continuous darkness during the winter. The surrounding ocean has a lot of living things. Large numbers of whales, seals and birds live here. But the most important inhabitant of Antarctica is the penguin. There are over twelve million penguins living there. 122 Unit 9 3 Programme Since 1950, the temperatures on Antarctica have gone up by 0.1 °C ev- ery ten years. This might not seem like much but it is having big impact on the world’s coldest continent! Large pieces of ice have begun breaking off the continent. They created huge floating icebergs in the ocean. In 2002, a piece of ice went into the sea. It was half of the size of Shanghai! Air pollu- tion is causing temperatures to rise and the ice to melt. 4 Pair Work Tell your partner something about the Antarctic. The following words can help you. 3 Read the text and answer the following questions. 5 Discussion Should we explore and develop Antarctica or leave it untouched? Why? Item 2 The largest ocean – the Pacific Ocean (1) How big is Antarctica? (2) Is it much larger or smaller in winter? Why? (3) Why is it the highest continent? (4) What’s its lowest temperature ever recorded? (5) Do only penguins live there? (6) What has happened to Antarctica since 1950? (1) size (2) highest, cleanest (3) coldest, lowest (4) driest, continuous (5) birds, animals (6) rise, melt 1  Listen to the text and answer the questions. (1) Is the Pacific Ocean the largest ocean? (2) Is it larger than a continent? (3) Is it the most violent of all oceans? 123 We Are All Geographers! 3 Programme 2 Read the text and complete the chart. Pacific Ocean Items Size Area Average depth Width at the equator 3  Read the text after the tape and retell it. We should call our planet “Ocean” instead of “Earth”. There is so much wa- ter on it. Only about one-third of the planet is covered by land. The rest is covered by four huge areas of ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the four oceans. The Pacific covers nearly one-third of the globe, an area of about 64 million square miles. The Pacific Ocean is immense. We could fit all the continents into it. It has an average depth of 13,000 feet and it is approximately 11,000 miles wide at the equator. The Pacific is the largest and deepest, and it is probably the most violent of all oceans. The Pacific Ocean has typhoons and nearly 300 active volca- noes. 124 Unit 9 3 Programme Programme *Item 3 Shanghai – the largest city in China 1 Discussion 2  Listen to the text and tell whether the statements are T(true) or F(false). (1) Shanghai is near the sea. (2) Most parts of Shanghai is fl at. (3) It often rains in Shanghai. (4) There are many rivers and lakes in Shanghai. (5) Shanghai seldom hosts the international events. The Jin Mao Building Oriental Pearl TV Tower Shanghai Museum Shanghai World Expo China Pavilion (1) Where is Shanghai? (2) Do you know something about the weather in Shanghai? (3) Can you name some famous streets, buildings or shopping malls in Shanghai? (4) What other things do you know about Shanghai? 125 We Are All Geographers! 3 Programme Programme 3 Read the text and put the following words in the correct places. Climate Area Water Resources Topographical Features Location Shanghai is the largest city in China. It is situated at 31 degrees, 41 min- utes, north latitude and 121 degrees, 29 minutes, east longitude. Shang- hai is on the east of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. In the north of the city, the Yangtze River pours into the East China Sea. Shanghai is an ex- cellent sea and river port. ________________________ Shanghai enjoys four distinct seasons, generous sunshine and abundant rainfall. Its spring and autumn are relatively short. _________________________ The city covers an area of 6,340.5 square kilometers, 0.06% of China’s to- tal territory. ________________________ Shanghai is known for its rich water resources. There are many rivers and lakes in Shanghai. The 113-kilometer-long Huangpu River winds through the downtown area of the city. ________________________ Most parts of the Shanghai area are fl at. Only a few hills lie in the south- west corner. Landmarks and Importance Shanghai is proud of its many landmarks, such as the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Shanghai Grand Theatre, Shanghai Museum and Shanghai World Expo China Pavilion. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower, like the Statue of Lib- erty in New York, has already become a symbolic building and tourist at- traction. Shanghai has become an international metropolis. It has success- fully hosted many international and domestic events. In 2010, Shanghai hosted the 41st World Expo and left a deep impression on many tourists around the world. Now many foreign businesses are in Shanghai. It is also a great place to visit and have fun. 126 Unit 9 3 Programme Programme 5 Now read the text again and answer the questions. (1) Where is Shanghai in China ? (2) What is the climate like in Shanghai? (3) How large is Shanghai? (4) Can you name some symbolic buildings in Shanghai? (5) What happened in Shanghai in 2010? 4 There are many geographical terms in the text. Look them up in a dictionary and learn them. 6 Group Work Work as a journalist to interview other students about Shanghai. You can refer to the following phrases. Location: It’s in the east / west / southwest Center of the country It’s on the river / coast It’s about… away from… It’s near the border with… Topographical Features: a beach / a dock / a harbour / a port nice walks and views beautiful scenery nearby shopping malls or street markets underground / trams an industrial area a carnival, festival or other important events 7 Write a passage about your own hometown.The following may help you. Location Climate Area Water Resources Topographical Features degree minute latitude longitude rainfall area territory square resources 127 We Are All Geographers! Box 4 Box 4 Box 1 Until… Please wait here until he has fi nished his work. He lived here until he died. I stayed up until my mother came back last night. Go straight on until you come to the post offi ce. As soon as… As soon as he comes tomorrow, I will give you a call. As soon as we receive permission, we will take off. As soon as he arrives, he will start to work. When… (past form), … When monsoons blow from the ocean in the summer, they can / will produce heavy rainfall. When monsoons blow from the land in the winter, they are dry and cool. When we arrived in Rome, it was raining. As soon as / When you finish your homework, I will return the book to you. = I will return the book to you as soon as / when you fi nish your homework. 4 Message Box Message Box Box 2 Box 3 128 Unit 9 5 Data Bank Data Bank 1  Read the following sentences without pauses. I think (that) he can. He told us that he wasn’t at home then. I hope you’ll come and join us at the party. They know that they’re working for the people. 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab 1 Presentation Read the instructions, make a compass and tell your partner how to use it. Make a compass Why: If you are lost, you can use a compass to fi nd which direction you need to go! What you need: a bowl of water, a large leaf, a piece of a paper clip. How: Rub a paper clip very fast in your hair 10-20 times. Place the leaf in the middle of a bowl of water, making sure it does not touch the sides. Balance the paper clip in the center of the leaf. It will point towards the North and South Poles! 129 We Are All Geographers! Some people believe that people in Britain are conservative because there are very little differences between the seasons. They have no climate but changeable weath- er. Grassland is green all the year round. In daily life, English people often refuse to make sudden changes. They still measure things in feet, pounds, and gallons, though the European Union has made metric measures for most things. They think old buildings are the greatest places for offi ces. Many historic towns, villages, cathe- drals, sites of interest and buildings in different architectural styles throughout the centuries have been preserved. The Scotsmen have their national costume, “kilts”. They play special musical in- struments called “Bagpipes”. The Welsh are excellent singers, and eat leeks all the time. The Irish like to drink Guinness. Of course there are many exceptions. 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab 2 2 Pair Work Talk about your hometown. Pay attention to its geographical location, climate, area, water resources and topographical features. 3 3 Problem Solving How do you fi nd the right direction in a remote mountain area? You don’t have a compass. Share your ideas with your classmates. 4 4 Internet Surfi ng First, fi nd out the information of “seven continents and four oceans” on the Internet. Next, edit our wallpaper “Continents and Oceans.” Then bring your wallpapers to the class and show them to each other. 7 Culture Corner Culture Corner 130 Unit 9 8 Game Zone Game Zone 1 A humour. Geography Class The geography teacher was lecturing on map reading. After explaining latitude, longitude, degrees, minutes and seconds, the teacher asked, “Suppose I asked you to meet me for lunch at 23 degrees, 4 minutes, 30 sec- onds north latitude and 45 degrees, 15 minutes, zero second east longitude…?” After a confused silence, a voice volunteered, “I guess you’d be eating alone.” It’s a Small World It’s a small world after all It’s a small small world There’s a world of laughter a world of tears It’s a world of fun and a world of tears There’s so much that we share And it’s time we’re aware It’s a small world after all It’s a small small world Let the world all clap and the world of the year Let the world all fine and the world of the year Let so much we shake and the sky we aware. 2  A song. 131 We Are All Geographers! Unit Unit Environment Environment Highlights Highlights 10 10 Topic Areas Environmental problems Population Pollution Water supplies Functions Suggestions Blame and complaint Indifference Reminding and warning Structures used to not … until Revision of the infi nitives Gerund used in short prohibitions Chat Room Dialogue 1 Greenpeace Dialogue 2 Tap-water tested Programme Item 1 People and the planet (1) Item 2 People and the planet (2) Item 3 Water supplies * 1 Getting Started Getting Started 1 Choose the right word from the box to complete the sentences. blacksmith maths teacher mechanic green cars swimmer managing director coach trucks (1) He used to be a blacksmith, but now he is a ____________. (2) She used to be a _____________, but now she has become a ______________. (3) He used to work as a ____________, but now he has become a ___________________. 133 Environment 3 Match the suitable response to the statements given. Getting Started Getting Started 1 but now they are producing _________________. (4) They used to produce ___________, 2  Listen to the short dialogue and do the same. A: May I throw the garbage here? B: You’d better not. Or you will be fined $50. What to do? Yes/No? Fined how much? leave the offi ce before 4.00 pm No 80 yuan park the car here No 60 dollars smoke during the fl ight No 5,000 HK dollars A. Why not try some Chinese medicine? B. Smoking may result in cancer. C. How could you be so late? D. Why did you wash the cup in this way? E. Don’t go this way. It’s even farther. F. When does the shop close? a. That’s why I should give it up. b. That’s because there’s no clean water here. c. Not until 9.00 pm. d. Yes, that’s a good idea. e. I’m sorry. f. I don’t care. • Now choose a pair to make a dialogue. 134 Unit 10 1 Getting Started Getting Started 4  Listen and practise. 6  Listen and read. (1) good you help us. It is stupid of him to smoke during the flight. kind you say so. (2) careless me lose my umbrella. It was clever of him to find his way here. silly us believe him. (3) Don’t forget post the letters. She agrees come. He decided buy it. I hope see you tomorrow. 5 Read and learn. No smoking. No spitting. No parking here. People didn’t begin to fear for their planet until the 1980s. He did not start to read until he was ten years old. She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her homework. People do not know the value of health until they lose it. to 135 Environment Chat Room Chat Room 2 A: Have you heard of Greenpeace? B: Yes, it’s an organization. It tries to protect the environment. A: How did Greenpeace start? B: In the early 1970s of the last century, a group of Americans were very wor- ried when they saw people damaging the environment. They then decided to stand up and protect the environment. A: What kind of things does Greenpeace do? A: Greenpeace now has more than 4.5 million members. They have persuaded governments to reduce pollution and stop whaling around Antarctica. Last week, a TV reporter interviewed Molly Mee, a young mother in Virginia. Interviewer: So, Mrs Mee, you had your tap-water tested, didn’t you? Molly: Yes, when I got the report from the laboratory, I was shocked. It said there was too much lead in my water. I drank tap-water for over five years, you know. Interviewer: Yeah, the bad news quite upset you. What did you do then? Molly: Since then we haven’t drunk our tap-water. I bring drinking water by car from my mother’s house. I have a two-year-old son and we want to be safe. Greenpeace Dialogue 1  Dialogue 2  Tap-water tested 136 Unit 10 3 Programme Programme Item 1 People and the planet (1) 4 Read the passage and fi ll in the form. People are now damaging their planet. There are two main problems. The fi rst is the growth in population. The second is pollution. Ten thousand years ago, the world had about 10 million people. By 1650 there were 500 million; by 1930 2 billion; and by 2000 about 6 billion. Today the world’s population is over 7 billion. About three-quarters of the world’s population live in the poor “developing” countries. The rate of growth there is the highest. It is diffi cult to raise the standard of living in those countries. Population grows faster than the nation’s wealth. 3  Listen to the fi rst two parts together and answer the questions. (1) Where do three-quarters of the world’s population live? (2) Is the population in those countries rising or falling? (3) Is it diffi cult to raise the standard of living in those countries? (4) Which grows faster, population or the wealth? 2  Go on to the second part. Listen and note down the number of the population. Ten thousand years ago, there were ___________ people in the world. By 1650 there were __________ people. By 1930 there were ___________ people. By 2000 there were ___________ people. 1  In the late 20th century many people were worried that human beings were seriously damaging their planet. There were two main problems. Listen to the fi rst part of the text. Say what the two main problems are. 137 Environment 3 Programme Programme The fi rst main problem: the growth in population Fact 1: Fact 2: Fact 3: 5 Discussion (1) What’s the situation in China? (2) Do you know anything about family planning in China? (3) What do you think of “One-Child” policy? People and the planet (2) Item 2 1 Go on to read the second main problem the Earth has. Fill in the blanks with the words chosen from the box. years fresh animals fear began Serious pollution of the Earth _________ in the Industrial Revolution, but the effects weren’t obvious for many________. People didn’t begin to ________ about their planet until 1980s. Natural resources are disappearing at a dangerous rate, including forest, fi sh, _________water. Many plants and __________are going to be extinct. 2  Listen to the text and answer the questions. Serious pollution of the Earth began in the Industrial Revolution, but the effects weren’t obvious for many years. People didn’t begin to fear about their planet until 1980s. Natural resources are disappearing at a dangerous rate, including forest, fi sh, fresh water. Many plants and animals are going to be extinct. Factories and machines pour dangerous gases into the air. In Scandina- via, trees die and lakes are polluted by “acid rain”. Humans dump their waste into the sea. Oil from giant tankers kills sea life. We are harming our planet in so many ways. We must think of better ways to treat it in future. 138 Unit 10 3 Programme Programme (1) When did serious pollution of the Earth begin? (2) When did people begin to fear about the Earth? (3) Can you name some plants or animals that are going to be extinct? (4) Why is the air polluted? (5) Oil kills sea life. Where does oil come from? 3 Read the text again and fi ll in the form. The second main problem: pollution (1) time: (2) natural resources: (3) dangerous gases: (4) human’s waste: (5) oil: (1) Factories pump out chemicals. The chemicals can cause acid rain. They also pour polluted water into rivers and seas. (2) People cut down trees. This can ruin forests and wild life. (3) Fumes from traffi c pollute the air. (4) People dump rubbish into rivers and lakes. 4 Make investigations and fi nd examples of the following ways in which people are harming our planet. Edit a newspaper and show it in class. 139 Environment *Item 3 Water supplies 1  Listen to the text. Which two problems about water does the text discuss? 3 Programme Programme 2 Read the text. Choose the words from the box to fi ll in the blanks. Each year about 5 million people die because they are short of water sup- plies and sanitation. Only about 3 percent of the world’s water is fresh and most of that is in the polar icecaps. The rest appears very unevenly. The Great Lakes of North America alone hold 18% of the world’s fresh water. Water use is also uneven – a person in the USA uses over 300 litres of water per day on av- erage, and a person in Madagascar uses less than 6 litres per day. The quality of water is important to people because polluted water causes diseases. However, at present, one in fi ve people in the world has no satisfactory water supply and almost half lack clean water. fi ve clean polar enough fresh diseases About 5 million people die each year because they don’t have _________ water and the water isn’t _________ enough. Only 3 percent of the water is ________, and most of that is in the ________. People can’t drink polluted water because it causes ________. Now, one out of _________ people in the world doesn’t have a satisfactory water supply and almost half of the people don’t have clean water. 3 Writing It seems China has a very low percentage of clean water. Try to fi nd 3 ways to improve the quality of our water and write them down. 140 Unit 10 Box 1 prefi x examples un- happy – unhappy like – unlike comfortable – uncomfortable dis- like – dislike agree – disagree appear – disappear in- formal – informal convenient – inconvenient im- polite – impolite possible – impossible il- legal – illegal ir- regular – irregular non- fiction – nonfi ction 1  Read the following sentences. Pay attention to adverbial clauses marked by rising intonation. 2  Read the sentences. Pay attention to clauses marked by falling intonation. Before he came to study here, he worked in Shanghai. You can come and have a look if you like. If you want to travel cheaply, you can do it by bike. They worked in a commune after they fi nished school. When you’ve fi nished it, please let me know. 5 Data Bank Data Bank 4 Message Box Message Box 141 Environment 5 Data Bank Data Bank 3  Read the sentences. Pay attention to the rising intonation. We can walk there, if there’s time. I think she’s right, since you ask me. That’s quite right, as far as I know. You can go or stay, as you like. They work hard because they want to serve the people well. I’ll tell him, when he comes. 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab 1 Presentation If you could be the voice of any part of the environment (the ocean, the river, the forest, the atmosphere, the lake …), what would you say to people? (De- scribe the most beautiful part of yourself and tell what you fear from mankind.) private cars public transportation not care women teachers 37% 50% 13% men teachers boys girls 2 Interview Interview your classmates and teachers and make a chart to show their views. 142 Unit 10 6 DIY Lab DIY Lab Why are horseshoes believed to be lucky? 7 Culture Corner Culture Corner 5 Internet Surfi ng Surf the Internet to fi nd some more information about Greenpeace Organization. 4 Problem Solving There will be a new industrial area in your city. Draw up a letter to the mayor to suggest its size and location, and put forward your ideas about protecting environment and the reasons. 3 Topic Discussion We can collect old bottles. We can recycle the glass and plastic and make raw materials. We can use the raw materials again and make new bottles. What do you think of recycling? In 1700, a Frenchman Henri Misson visited Britain. He asked villagers why they nail horseshoes on their doors. They said that it was to keep witches away. Horseshoes are made of iron and they thought the strength of the iron could protect them from evil. Even today people think it can bring good luck. It’s tradition- al for many brides to carry silver ones at their weddings. The position of the horse- shoes is very important. It must point up- wards like a cup so that the luck cannot fall out. 143 Environment 8 Game Zone Game Zone Ten little Indian boys One little, two little, three little Indians, Four little, five little, six little Indians, Seven little, eight little, nine little Indians, Ten little Indian boys. Ten little, nine little, eight Indians, Seven little, six little, five little Indians, Four little, three little, two little Indians, One little Indian boy. One little, two little, three little fingers, Four little, five little, six little fingers, Seven little, eight little, nine little fingers, Ten little fingers in your hands, Ten little fingers in your hands, Ten little, nine little, eight little fingers, Seven little, six little, five little fingers, Four little, three little, two little fingers, One little fingers in your hand. In winter I get up at night, And dress by yellow candlelight. In summer, quite the other way, I have to go to bed by day. I have to go to bed and see, The birds still hopping on the tree, Or hear the grown-up people’s feet, Still going past me in the street. And does it not seem hard to you, When all the sky is clear and blue, And I should like so much to play, To have to go to bed by day? Bed In Summer 2  A song. 1  A rhyme. 144 Unit 10 Words and Expressions in Each Unit 145 Words and Expressions in Each Unit Words and Expressions in Each Unit Programme Item 1 appearance /əpiərəns/ n. ປિປܼļ੥૳ļ ĩ൶ՙĪԣཋ publish /pbliʃ/ v. ԣϹ success /səkses/ n. Ӷ܇ character /kriktə/ n. ࢠ೬ base /beis/ v. ၣrrແࠖԬ  Item 2  barn /bɑ n/ n. ܩҥ avoid /əvɔid/ v. э૯ reply /riplai/ v. ߵջĭջڷ  sourly /saυli/ adv. ෞෞׁļҊۢྞׁ  gnaw /nɔ / v. ॥ĭံ  spy /spai/ v. ૥૩࡛൲  trough /trɒf/ n. ႊණҪ  spoonful /spu nfυl/ n. ၊Ԅ settle /setl/ v. υஎĭਠৠĩൡ༈ֱĪ  chew /tʃu / v. ऎ࢙ * Item 3  contents /kɒntents/ n. ୅ೀļପ੫ glossary / lɒsəri/ n. ඔნўļՕࠀў  index /indeks/ n. ෴ႌ  addiction /ədikʃən/ n. Ӷᮗ  misuse /misju z/ v. ༊ႰĭষႰ  media /mi diə/ n. վᇡԶѴ૊ࣂ  restriction /ristrikʃən/ n. ནᇍ  Unit 2 Getting Started leaning /li niŋ/ adj. ౨྄֭ tower /taυə/ n. ෻ļ෻੔ castle /kɑ sl/ n. ӴЕ ever /evə/ adv. ՞ধļᄥଞ൐ cushion /kυʃən/ n. ׏ሸ Unit 1 Getting Started fi ll /fil/ v. ้೎  monitor /mɒnitə/ n. ϳӑ look up Ҹᅻ empty /empti/ v. ൘rrӶແ४֭ļ֢४ bin /bin/ n. ٴ༆ཙ dry /drai/ v. ୳یĭҐی polish /pɒliʃ/ v. ഐ݃ Chat Room Dialogue 1  thief /θi f/ n. ུ๮ĭᄿ  break into Ծ೎  chip /tʃip/ n. ࠪӶא੦௓  theft /θeft/ n. ֪ౙ crime /kraim/ n. ٝቔĭٝቔྣແ  dispose /dispəυz/ v. Աᇊ profi t /prɒfit/ n. ৮ၵ sentence /sentəns/ v. ஙԱ  it serves sb right ࠋۆĭۻଞಮ႓֭֬Ӻو  community service ന౽ڣ༈ Dialogue 2 spare /speə/ v. ࢳീĭٻದ work /w k/ n. ቜ௞  grave / reiv/ n. ٽତ play /plei/ n. ༬ञ  romantic /rəυmntik/ adj. াભ֭ fi lm /film/ v. ஍Ӷאႝ suitable /su təbəl/ adj. ൩ގ֭ audience /ɔ diəns/ n. ܼᇡ  scene /si n/ n. ӎࣧ  inspired /inspaiəd/ adj. ԑ઩਺ۓ֭  producer /prədju sə/ n. ĩאႝĪᇍ௓ಮ  adapt /ədpt/ v. ۇё  farewell /feəwel/ n. ۩ѡ ŜሇĻћΔ֎Օແ{ၴ༈ࢥცႏნॣӹћሡ|ĩ୕ϹĪu໼࠱Օࠀўvᇗ֭֎ՕŞ Words and Expressions in Each Unit 146 wooden /wυdn/ adj. ଩ᇍ֭ necklace /neklis/ n. ལਅ get married ࢺࠆ Chat Room Dialogue 1 recently /ri səntli/ adv. ቓࣕ unique /ju ni k/ adj. ؇ำ֭ grand / rnd/ adj. ുվ֭ļᇾ္֭ Programme Item 1 found /faυnd/ v. ࢁ৳ scholar /skɒlə/ n. ࿘ᆈ harsh /hɑ ʃ/ adj. ࡣ଼֭ļաҩ֭ rat /rt/ n. ূඒ former /fɔ mə/ adj. వ၊۹֭ prime minister ൶ཕ educate /edjυkeit/ v. ࢥც tailcoat /teilkəυt/ n. ထ້ڣ waistcoat /weistkəυt/ n. Фྗ pin-striped /pinstraipt/ adj. ༭๐ໝ֭ secondary school ᇗ࿘ reside /rizaid/ v. ऊሆ Item 2 mention /menʃən/ v. ฼֦ ancient /einʃənt/ adj. ܦূ֭ļܦօ֭ dynasty /dinəsti/ n. Ӝօ historical /histɒrikəl/ adj. ৭ൖ֭ļތ৭ൖ Ⴝܹ֭ cultural /kltʃərəl/ adj. ໛ߌ֭ tomb /tu m/ n. ٽତ  UNESCO ৻ގݛࢥज़໛቎ᆶ heritage /heritid/ n. ၔӉ picturesque /piktʃəresk/ adj. ೊߊ϶֭ scenery /si nəri/ n. ڌࣧ Lantern Festival ჵཱࢳ lantern /lntən/ n. ֯੎ fl oat /fləυt/ v. ௖ڤ skyscraper /skaiskreipə/ n. ଑็վ੔ * Item 3 historic /histɒrik/ adj. ৭ൖഐᇿଈ֭ļႽ৭ ൖၱၴ֭ spot /spɒt/ n. ׁ׌ĭӎ෶ land /lnd/ v. ĩٮࠗgԷֱĪሪ੬ company /kmpəni/ n. ܌ර tax /tks/ n. ත unfair /nfeə/ adj. Ҋ܌௤֭ dress /dres/ v. ĩۻrrĪԴၑ recreate /ri krieit/ v. ĩ൘Īᄤཋ take place ه഻ grab / rb/ v. ሊ Unit 3 Getting Started bill /bil/ n. ᅴ֎ become /bikm/ v. ѕӶ set the table ĩᄥሥഐĪϭҜख tour guide ֥Ⴛ upset /pset/ adj. ॵୀ֭ haircut /heəkt/ n. ࡯ه on holiday ؏ࡔ measles /mi zəlz/ n. ઘᆗ traffi c jam ࢔๡؉ೞ primary school ƒႏ„ུ࿘ a couple of ࠳۹ĭ၊ོ Chat Room Dialogue 1 detective /ditektiv/ n. ᆕธ Dialogue 2 professor /prəfesə/ n. ࢥ൹ author /ɔ θə/ n. ቜᆈ scientifi c /saiəntifik/ adj. ज़࿘֭ brilliant /briljənt/ adj. यૻ֭ļ׬࡝֭ physicist /fizisist/ n. ༆ৠ࿘ࡍ achievement /ətʃi vmənt/ n. ӶࠣļӶऄ remarkable /rimɑ kəbəl/ adj. ٬֭ٗ suffer /sfə/ v. ᄭൻĭಯൻ neuromotor /njυərəməυtə/ adj. ലࣤĩࠜĪ ᄖ׶֭ no wonder ѱҊ఍ܷĭҊቈແ఍ admire /ədmaiə/ v. ဧନ Programme Words and Expressions in Each Unit 147 Item 1 aptitude /ptitju d/ n. Ҕେ degree /di ri / n. ࿘໒ billionaire /biljəneə/ n. ၩຫھ໣ high-tech /hai tek/ n. ۢज़࠷ mansion /mnʃən/ n. վ༸ overlook /əυvəlυk/ v. ڬ᩽ stir /st / n. ࢚׶ access /kses/ n. ๡֩ĭ೎९ contract /kɒntrkt/ n. ގ๥ milestone /mailstəυn/ n. ৢӹП development /diveləpmənt/ n. هᅢ  populous /pɒpjυləs/ adj. ಮ९Ԛ૩֭ Item 2 mission /miʃən/ n. ಱ༈  independently /indipendəntli/ adv. ؇৳ׁ name /neim/ v. ଉଈ candidate /kndideit/ n. ޱ࿒ಮ select /silekt/ v. ๏࿒ launch /lɔ ntʃ/ v. & n. هഥ selection /silekʃən/ n. ๏࿒ construction /kənstrkʃən/ n. ࢁህ༆ narrow /nrəυ/ adj. ༶ᅖ֭ recognize /rekə naiz/ v. ಲԣ * Item 3 draw (one’s) attention ༓ႌĩଞಮ֭Īሇၱ celebrity /silebriti/ n. ᆱଈಮ༆ captain /kptin/ n. ĩ౷ؚĪؚӑ national /nʃənəl/ adj. ݛࡍ֭ hairstyle /heəstail/ n.هྠĭه൜ marriage /mrid/ n. ࠆႅ spice /spais/ n. མਠļĩতĪנໍ௞ continue /kəntinju / v. ࡇ࿋ career /kəriə/ n. ൡ၄ take part in ҝࡎĩࠋ׶Ī fame /feim/ n. ଈഺ Unit 4 Getting Started give away Ϥrr්ۻĩѡಮĪ ask for ࿡౸ļ໡rr္ advice /ədvais/ n. ࢁၸ book /bυk/ v. ჯׯ memorize /meməraiz/ v. ࡂၳļࡂሆ neither /naiðə/ pron. ਎ᆈ؃Ҋ parcel /pɑ səl/ n. Џݝ  fl uently /flu əntli/ adv. ੈ৮ׁ progress /prəυ res/ n. ࣑Ҍ  roller skating ߉ݴѪ exhibition /eksibiʃən/ n. ᅢ঳ dull /dl/ adj. ໵ಇ֭ĭॲᄺ֭ Chat Room Dialogue 1 fi nal /fainəl/ adj. ቓ޲֭ effect /ifekt/ n. ེݜļႝཡ  impressed /imprest/ adj. ਿಮႎཨയॡ֭ moving /mu viŋ/ adj. ਿಮۓ׶֭ Dialogue 2 on /ɒn/ adv. ᆦᄥه഻ĭᆦᄥഐႠ seven-ish /sevəniʃ/ n. ఆ׌ቘႿ booking offi ce ൺ௘Ա row /rəυ/ n. எ Programme Item 1 animated /nimeitid/ a. ׶ߊ֭ according to ۼऔ  martial arts ໻ඔ hero /hiərəυ/ n. ႏྮ discussion /diskʃən/ n. ัઊ Item 2 human /hju mən/ n. ಮ  fi ctional /fikʃənəl/ adj. ྼܚ֭  fi ction /fikʃən/ n. ུ඲ real /riəl/ adj. ᆏൔ֭  spy /spai/ n. ࡟צ  latest /leitist/ adj. ቓྕ֭ adventure /ədventʃə/ n. ৭ཊ * Item 3 cast /kɑ st/ n. ဎჼў keyword /ki w d/ n. ܹࡷሻ review /rivju / n. ௧ઊ Words and Expressions in Each Unit 148 title /taitl/ n. ଈӳĭћ฽ detail /di teil/ n. ཟ౮ plot /plɒt/ n. ౮ࢳ  summary /sməri/ n. ۈ္ user /ju zə/ n. ൘Ⴐᆈ  rating /reitiŋ/ n. ֱ࠱ĭ࠱ѡ memorable /memərəbəl/ adj. ଼ີ֭  quote /kwəυt/ n.ႌ໛ type /taip/ n. ᇝ৓  chorus /kɔ rəs/ n. ގӗؚ Unit 5 Getting Started festival /festəvel/ n. ࢳಸ carnation /kɑ neiʃən/ n. ॊଶᏦ symbolize /simbəlaiz/ v. ཨᆠ fi recracker /faiəkrkə/ n. Нᇸĭяண dumpling /dmpliŋ/ n. ࢡሸ race /reis/ n. й೟ĭ೟஥ turkey /t ki/ n. ࠍࠡ pumpkin /pmpkin/ n. ଺ܰ carve /kɑ v/ v. ॡ Jack-o’-lantern /dkəυlntən/ n. ଺ܰ֯ gala / ɑ lə/ n. ു߾ĭ౱׍ apple bobbing ံ௢ݜ dress up ുሕսϺ homecoming party ྲྀႾٚྲྀࠋ׶ carnival parade আߓࢳႻྣ carol /krəl/ n. ෉۫ decorate /dekəreit/ v. ሕ൭ recipe /resipi/ n. ൒௾ fancy dress party ുሕ໿߾ marvelous /mɑ vələs/ adj. ࠦނ֭ĭ٬֭ٗ Chat Room Dialogue 1 be around the corner જഐধ֦ fl ash /flʃ/ v. ം် electric /ilektrik/ adj. א֭ĭਿಮࠟ׶֭ celebration /selibreiʃən/ n. ౱ለ resolution /rezəlu ʃən/ n. भׯĭभྗ improve /impru v/ v. ۇ࣑ĭۇഇ performance /pəfɔ məns/ n. Ӷࠣ Dialogue 2 Easter bunny ڷࠋࢳ๼ሸ jelly bean ڷࠋࢳยݜ concerned /kəns nd/ adj. ֌ྗ֭ļܹྗ֭ willpower /wilpaυə/ n. ၱᇅ৷ fry /frai/ v. ࡠ Programme Item 1 Halloween /hləυi n/ n. ຫൄࢳ brisk /brisk/ adj. ౪ྕ֭ knit /nit/ v. ёᆶ knock /nɒk/ n. ైĭࠔ whisper /wispə/ n. فნ giggle / i əl/ n. ााཹ rattling /rtliŋ/ n. 窸窣ཡ mask /mɑ sk/ n. ૳ख costume /kɒstjυm/ n. ༬ሕ cowboy /kaυbɔi/ n. ୬ስ ghost / əυst/ n. ݎ skeleton /skelitən/ n. ܨࡗĭܨᷠ prank /prŋk/ n. ظቜञ soap /səυp/ v. ๸ٯᄸ crayon /kreiən/ n. ঢл overturn /əυvət n/ v. սْ Item2 extra /ekstrə/ adj. صປ֭ stuff /stf/ v. ೞ઩ĭ้઩ roast /rəυst/ v. ॓ĭޥ * Item 3 festive /festiv/ adj. ࢳಸ֭ lunar /lu nə/ adj. ฆႄ֭ĭၣᄍ౷܌ሏұ؏֭ sweep /swi p/ v. ౪೩ make way for ದ੦ۻrr term /t m/ n. Օნĭඔნ feast /fi st/ n. ുဘ exchange /ikstʃeind/ v. ࢔ߘ Words and Expressions in Each Unit 149 Unit 6 Getting Started aerobics /eərəυbiks/ n. เҨ golf / ɒlf/ n. ۢقڗ౷ karate /kərɑ ti/ n. ४൵֩ snowboard /snəυbɔ d/ v. ߉࿚ canoeing /kənu iŋ/ n. ߋ؇଩ᇢ hopscotch /hɒpskɒtʃ/ n. ๓۴ሸ snooker /snu kə/ n. බ୾ॠ Chat Room Dialogue 1 gym /dim/ n. เცܾ work out ؔਇĭਈ༥ windsurfi ng /winds fiŋ/ n. ِϸᄖ׶ Dialogue 2 previous /pri viəs/ adj. ༽వ֭ believe it or not ྘Ҋ྘Ⴖ୎ Programme Item 1 competition /kɒmpitiʃən/ n. й೟ athlete /θli t/ n. ᄖ׶ჼ individual /individuəl/ n. ۹ಮ gold / əυld/ n. ࣉ bronze /brɒnz/ n. ๦ medal /medəl/ n. ࢊஏĭ࿜ᅫ separate /sepərit/ adj. ֎؇֭ļٻि֭ slogan /sləυ ən/ n. ћნĭ९ބ motto /mɒtəυ/ n. Იစ torch /tɔ tʃ/ n. ࠍझ Item 2 spectator /spekteitə/ n. ܼᇡ tournament /tυənəmənt/ n. ৻೟ĭ࣎ћ೟ Uruguay /jυərə wai/ n. ໱ঠ݈ trophy /trəυfi/ n. ࢊ௞ present /prizənt/ v. ൹ვ via /vaiə/ prep. ๡ݞ qualifi cation /kwɒlifikeiʃən/ n. ሯ۴ defeat /difi t/ v. ࠔϯ  fi nal /fainəl/ n. भ೟ the Netherlands ވয * Item 3 indoors /indɔ z/ adv. ᄥ൱୅ outdoors /aυtdɔ z/ adv. ᄥ൱ປ hoop /hu p/ n. ভঅ rectangular /rektŋ jυlə/ adj. ӑ٢ྡ֭ bounce /baυns/ v. ֘గ dribble /dribəl/ v. ᄖ౷ offense /əfens/ n. ܆٢ defense /difens/ n. ٥൷ guard / ɑ d/ v. ൷໗ trip /trip/ v. Ѐ֢ foul /faυl/ n. ٝ݇ Unit 7 Getting Started ketchup /ketʃəp/ n. ّౖࢍ mustard /mstəd/ n. ࢿଔ taco /tkəυ/ n. ଖ༎۪პ૤त pepperoni /pepərəυni/ n. ণໍམӓ side /said/ n. ஭Қ mashed potato ๺؀ୋ beverage /bevərid/ n. ႊ௞ cream /kri m/ n. ଷႺ melon /melən/ n. ܰ muffi n /mfin/ n. ུෆѮĭ๋ུ֭૳Џत  waffl e /wɒfəl/ n. ߇ڗѮ thousand island dressing బ֣೬ঠࢍ mayonnaise /meiəneiz/ n. ֙ߣࢍ Chat Room Dialogue 1 spaghetti /spə eti/ n. ၱվ৮ൔྗ૳ medium-rare /mi diəm reə/ adj. ᇗֱ୆֭ clam chowder ۵ᰥݢ༿ป baked /beikt/ adj. ॓ᇍ֭  Dialogue 2 it depends ଲ֬ॉ౮ঋ Programme Item 1 a square meal ၊ؠЖҜ consist of Ⴖrr቎Ӷ Words and Expressions in Each Unit 150 maple syrup ڈඖ૨ portable /pɔ təbəl/ adj. ౦є֭ĭєჇྂփ֭ in addition Ֆປ sliced /slaisd/ adj. ౕ௓֭ tuna salad ࣉాა೬ঠ pickle /pikəl/ n. ᦟᇍ֭൒௞ĭ஦Қ tuck /tk/ v. ೞ೎ alongside /əlɒŋsaid/ prep. ތrrᄥ၊గ overall /əυvərɔ l/ a. ቁ֭ĭಎ૳֭ fl avor /fleivə/ n. ९ໍ  commonly /kɒmənli/ adv. ௼њĭ๡Ӑ Item 2 suggestion /sədestʃən/ n. ࢁၸ lap /lp/ n. ĩቝሪ൐֭ĪվກҎ slouch /slaυtʃ/ v. ૈ࣢սҘׁቝĩᅧĭቄĪ giggle / i əl/ v. ााׁཹ  elbow /elbəυ/ n. ᇩĭᇩҎ * Item 3  cutlery /ktləri/ n. Ҝख prong /prɒŋ/ n. ҵļϥ blade /bleid/ n. ֟ಳ generally /denərəli/ adv. ၊϶ĭ๡Ӑ handle /hndl/ n. ѫĭϤ൵ china /tʃainə/ n. Քఞ course /kɔ s/ n. ၊֩Қ Unit 8 Getting Started wedding /wediŋ/ n. ࠆ৤ĭࢺࠆ౱׍ graduation / rdueiʃən/ n. ĩվ࿘ֱĪр ၄ļр၄׍৤ anniversary /niv səri/ n. ᇣ୕ࡈ୙ಸ congratulation /kən rtʃυleiʃən/ n. ለޗĭ ޗՒ happiness /hpinis/ n. ྥڦĭঁ৉ engagement /in eidmənt/ n. װࠆĭࠆᄇ lottery /lɒtəri/ n. ĩهྣҙ௘ĪԖҙۻࢊٍ test /test/ n. & v. ұယ pick up ದrrչӢ edit /edit/ v. ёࠨ diploma /dipləυmə/ n. р၄ᆫඈĭр၄໛௥ fl owerpot /flaυəpɒt/ n. ߅ற guidebook / aidbυk/ n. ᆿ଺ĭ൵Ұ nappy /npi/ n. ଢ଼ҋ Chat Room Dialogue 1 surprise /səpraiz/ n. ਿಮԁ֭࣡ൡ༆ apartment /əpɑ tmənt/ n. ٤࡟ĭ܌ჭา٤ direction /direkʃən/ n. ĩྣ੦֭Īᆿႌĭ٢ཧ show up ԣཋ Dialogue 3 defi nitely /definitli/ adv. ଄ಚĭ၊ׯĭ֚ಞ Programme Item 1 Madrid /mədrid/ n. જ֫ৢ Spain /spein/ n. ༎ϳ࿱ opposite /ɒpəzit/ adj. ཕ֭ٙ Manchester /mntʃəstə/ n. ફӦබำ spank /spŋk/ v. ஍ս Item 2 balloon /bəlu n/ n. ట౷ toothbrush /tu θbrʃ/ n. ࿱ඟ arrangement /əreindmənt/ n. υஎ * Item 3 engaged /in eidd/ adj. ၠװࠆ֭ close /kləυz/ adj. ౜֭ࣕĭ౜૩֭ ceremony /seriməni/ n. ׍৤ĭၖ൜ party /pɑ ti/ n. ĩ๥ྣ֭Īಝĭ቎ĭؚ march /mɑ tʃ/ n. ࣑ྣ౿ groom / ru m/ n. ྕ় bride /braid/ n. ྕ୚ bouquet /bυkei/ n. ߅඗ gown / aυn/ n. ୷ಜڣĭ୷৤ڣ vow /vaυ/ n. ൣစĭൣᄇ ring /riŋ/ n. ࢽᆿ reception /risepʃən/ n. ࢬֈĭဘ߾ newly-wed /nju li wed/ n. ĩ๡ӐႰڷගĪ ྕࠆ֭ಮ champagne /ʃmpein/ n. མᣀࣽ live /liv/ adj.ཋӎᆸѴ֭ streamer /stri mə/ n. ༶ӑ֭ҙ೬ᇄփ Words and Expressions in Each Unit 151 honeymoon /hnimu n/ n. ૨ᄍ preparation /prepəreiʃn/ n. ჯЩĭሡЩ Unit 9 Getting Started continent /kɒntinənt/ n. վ੬ļᇥ Asia /eiʃə/ n. ࿸ᇥ Africa /frikə/ n. ٬ᇥ America /əmerəkə/ n. ્ᇥļ્ݛ Antarctica /nta ktikə/ n. ଺ࠦᇥ Europe /jυərəp/ n. ஀ᇥ the Pacifi c Ocean ฆ௤ဤ the Atlantic Ocean վ༎ဤ the Arctic Ocean ТѪဤ  volcano /vɒlkeinəυ/ n. ࠍ೾  erupt /irpt/ v. Нه earthquake / θkweik/ n. ׁᆙ typhoon /taifu n/ n. ฃڌ damage /dmid/ v. ෭ߒĭ෭ݥ fl ood /fld/ n. ިණ cause /kɔ z/ v. ႌగ  landslide /lndslaid/ n. ೾бĭ߉௩ the South Pole ଺ࠦ affect /əfekt/ v. ႝཡ altitude /ltitju d/ n. ݢϡĭۢ؏  lowland /ləυləndz/ n. ֶׁ  latitude /ltitju d/ n. ໊؏ lost /lɒst/ adj. ૡ੦֭ as soon as ၊rrऄrr compass /kmpəs/ n. ઍகĭᆿ଺ᆔ recommend /rekəmend/ v. ๿ࡱ basin /beisən/ n. றׁ plain /plein/ n. ௤ჸ plateau /pltəυ/ n. ۢჸ Chat Room Dialogue 1  geographer /diɒ rəfə/ n. ׁৠ࿘ခࣶᆈࠏ ልࡍ fascinating /fsineitiŋ/ adj. ༓ႌಮ֭ explore /iksplɔ / v. ခࣶĭธ෴ realize /riəlaiz/ v. ಲൕ֦ĭਜࢻ appreciate /əpri ʃieit/ v. ۓࠟĭۓྎ Dialogue 2 the Republic of Ireland ρقযܓތݛ independent /indipendənt/ adj. ؇৳֭ state /steit/ n. ݛࡍ population /pɒpjυleiʃən/ n. ಮ९ million /miljən/ n. Ϭຫ  inhabitant /inhbitənt/ n. ऊ૾ļః༗֭׶༆ offi cial /əfiʃəl/ adj. ܺ٢֭ĭᆦ൜֭ Gaelic / eilik/ n. ۊقნ Dublin /dblin/ n. ؃ϫਧĩρقয൶؃Ī coastline /kəυstlain/ n. ݢωཔ rolling /rəυliŋ/ adj. ૭ငగڡ֭ Guinness / inis/ n. ၊ᇝρقযைࣽ Programme Item 1 double /dbəl/ v. ࡎЧĭْ၊ّ pure /pjυə/ adj. Պࣲ֭ĭ౪ࢹ֭ĭՊ֭ pollution /pəlu ʃən/ n. ໲ಡ annually /njuəli/ adv. ૌ୕ļ၊୕၊ՙׁ continuous /kəntinjuəs/ adj. ৽࿋֭ĭԃ࿋֭ surrounding /səraυndiŋ/ adj. ᇣ຾֭ĭߔ಩֭  living /liviŋ/ adj. ࠋ֭ĭႽ഻ଉ֭  seal /si l/ n. ݢЛ penguin /peŋ win/ n. చس break off იrrຊ৞ create /krieit/ v. Կᄷ fl oating /fləυtiŋ/ adj. ௖ڤ֭ iceberg /aisb / n. Ѫ೾  melt /melt/ v. ಽߌ Item 2 planet /plnit/ n. ྣྚ globe / ləυb/ n. ׁ౷ĭׁ౷ၖ immense /imens/ adj. ࠦվ֭ fi t /fit/ v. ሕ࣑ĭೀ଴ average /vərid/ adj. & n. ௤र֭ļ௤र depth /depθ/ n. യ؏ approximately /əprɒksimətli/ adv. վᄇ violent /vaiələnt/ adj. ౄਣ֭ĭ૚ਣ֭ĭআ К֭ Words and Expressions in Each Unit 152 nearly /niəli/ adv. ࠳޴ĭҽҊا active /ktiv/ adj. ࠋᄉ֭ * Item 3 oriental /ɔ rientl/ adj. ײ٢֭ pearl /p l/ n. ᆍᇰ expo /ekspəυ/ n. ᅢ঳߾ pavilion /pəviljən/ n. ๝ĭ۶ļĩਪ൐Īᅢ ঳ܾ climate /klaimit/ n. టޱ resource /rizɔ s/ n. ሯჿ topographical /təpə rfikəl/ adj. ׁྡ࿘ഐ ֭ feature /fi tʃə/ n. ำᆠ situate /sitʃueit/ v. ໒Ⴧ longitude /lɒnditju d/ n. ࣤ؏ pour /pɔ / v. ݁ĭሇĭ֢ port /pɔ t/ n. ۞९ generous /denərəs/ adj. چھ֭ĭोृ֭ abundant /əbndənt/ adj. ԑቈ֭ĭվਐ ֭ĭچھ֭ rainfall /reinfɔ l/ n. ࢎთਐ relatively /relətivli/ adj. ཕ؛ׁ territory /teritəri/ n. ਽๺ĭϹ๵ wind /waind/ v. ᰴဂవ࣑ĭჅߵ landmark /lndma k/ n. ੬ћĭ໛༆ࢁህ the Statue of Liberty ሹႶ୷ലས symbolic /simbɒlik/ adj. ཨᆠྦྷ֭ metropolis /mitrɒpəlis/ n. վ؃൯ host /həυst/ v. ᇾϿ domestic /dəmestik/ adj. ݛ୅֭  impression /impreʃən/ n. ႎཨ business /biznis/ n. ܌රĭ഍ד Unit 10 Getting Started blacksmith /blksmiθ/ n. ๕ࢌ coach /kəυtʃ/ n. ࢥਈ mechanic /miknik/ n. ࠗྱ܅ managing director ቁࣤৠ garbage / ɑ bid/ n. টࠕ fi ne /fain/ v. وঃ give up ٪డ result in ֥ᇉ cancer /knsə/ n. μᆩ stupid /stju pid/ adj ჋Ջ֭ spit /spit/ v. ๻९ණĭ๻ฐ value /vlju / n. ࡖᆼ Chat Room Dialogue 1 organization /ɔ ənaizeiʃən/ n. ቎ᆶ century /sentʃəri/ n. ၊Ϭ୕ĭൟࡈ persuade /pəsweid/ v. ඲ڣ reduce /ridju s/ v. ࡰച whale /weil/ v. ҅ࣟ Dialogue 2 laboratory /ləbɒrətəri/ n. ൔယ൱ shocked /ʃɒkt/ adj. ൻਜᆙ֭࣡ lead /led/ n. ఫ upset /pset/ v. ൘ྗ٘ Programme Item 1 growth / rəυθ/ n. Ӷӑ developing /diveləpiŋ/ adj. هᅢᇗ֭ rate /reit/ n. ූ؏ standard /stndəd/ n. ћሡ wealth /welθ/ n. ҕھ Item 2 serious /siəriəs/ adj. ကᇟ֭ Industrial Revolution ܅၄۲ଉ obvious /ɒbviəs/ adj. ଄ཉ֭ natural /ntʃərəl/ adj. ሹಞ֭ extinct /ikstiŋkt/ adj. ૽य֭ acid /sid/ adj. ෞ֭ dump /dmp/ v. ౨֢ tanker /tŋkə/ n. Ⴚઅ harm /hɑ m/ v. ൘rrൻݥ * Item 3 short of ಔً supply /səplai/ n. ܊ۻ sanitation /sniteiʃən/ n. ໗഻ percent /pəsent/ n. Ϭٻග Words and Expressions in Each Unit 153 polar /pəυlə/ n. ׁࠦ unevenly /ni vənli/ adv. Ҋ௤रׁ uneven /ni vən/ adj. Ҋ௤र֭ litre /li tə/ n. ാ on average ௤रగধ disease /dizi z/ n. ࠭Ѱ at present ପవĭཋᄥ satisfactory /stisfktəri/ adj. ਿಮ઩ၱ֭ lack /lk/ v. ಔً 154 Vocabulary Index Vocabulary Index Vocabulary Index ask for ࿡౸ļ໡rr္ 4 at present ପవĭཋᄥ 10 athlete /θlit/ n. ᄖ׶ჼ 6 audience /ɔdiəns/ n. ܼᇡ 1 author /ɔθə/ n. ቜᆈ 3 average /vərid / adj. & n. ௤र֭ļ௤र 9 avoid /əvɔid/ v. э૯ 1 B baked /beikt/ adj. ॓ᇍ֭ 7 balloon /bəlun/ n. ట౷ 8  barn /bɑn/ n. ܩҥ 1 base /beis/ v. ၣrrແࠖԬ 1 basin /beisən/ n. றׁ 9 be around the corner જഐধ֦ 5 become /bikm/ v. ѕӶ 3 believe it or not ྘Ҋ྘Ⴖ୎ 6 beverage /bevərid / n. ႊ௞ 7 bill /bil/ n. ᅴ֎ 3 billionaire /biljəneə/ n. ၩຫھ໣ 3 bin /bin/ n. ٴ༆ཙ 1 blacksmith /blksmiθ/ n. ๕ࢌ 10 blade /bleid/ n. ֟ಳ 7 book /bυk/ v. ჯׯ 4 booking offi ce ൺ௘Ա 4 bounce /baυns/ v. ֘గ 6 bouquet /bυkei/ n. ߅඗ 8  break into Ծ೎ 1 break off იrrຊ৞ 9 bride /braid/ n. ྕ୚ 8 brilliant /briljənt/ adj. यૻ֭ļ׬࡝֭ 3 brisk /brisk/ adj. ౪ྕ֭ 5 bronze /brɒnz/ n. ๦ 6 business /biznis/ n. ܌රĭ഍ד 9 A a couple of ࠳۹ĭ၊ོ 3 a square meal ၊ؠЖҜ 7 abundant /əbndənt/ adj. ԑቈ֭ĭվਐ ֭ĭچھ֭ 9 access /kses/ n. ๡֩ĭ೎९ 3 according to ۼऔ 4 achievement /ətʃivmənt/ n. ӶࠣļӶऄ 3 acid /sid/ adj. ෞ֭ 10 active /ktiv/ adj. ࠋᄉ֭ 9  adapt /ədpt/ v. ۇё 1  addiction /ədikʃən/ n. Ӷᮗ 1 admire /ədmaiə/ v. ဧନ 3 adventure /ədventʃə/ n. ৭ཊ 4 advice /ədvais/ n. ࢁၸ 4 aerobics /eərəυbiks/ n. เҨ 6 affect /əfekt/ v. ႝཡ 9 Africa /frikə/ n. ٬ᇥ 9 alongside /əlɒŋsaid/ prep. ތrrᄥ၊గ 7 altitude /ltitjud/ n. ݢϡĭۢ؏ 9 America /əmerəkə/ n. ્ᇥļ્ݛ 9 ancient /einʃənt/ adj. ܦূ֭ļܦօ֭ 2 animated /nimeitid/ a. ׶ߊ֭ 4 anniversary /nivsəri/ n. ᇣ୕ࡈ୙ಸ 8 annually /njuəli/ adv. ૌ୕ļ၊୕၊ՙׁ 9 Antarctica /ntaktikə/ n. ଺ࠦᇥ 9 apartment /əpɑtmənt/ n. ٤࡟ĭ܌ჭา٤ 8 appearance /əpiərəns/ n. ປિປܼļ੥૳ļ ĩ൶ՙĪԣཋ 1 apple bobbing ံ௢ݜ 5 appreciate /əpriʃieit/ v. ۓࠟĭۓྎ 9 approximately /əprɒksimətli/ adv. վᄇ 9 aptitude /ptitjud/ n. Ҕେ 3 arrangement /əreind mənt/ n. υஎ 8 as soon as ၊rrऄrr 9 Asia /eiʃə/ n. ࿸ᇥ 9 ŜሇĻћΔ֎Օແ{ၴ༈ࢥცႏნॣӹћሡ|ĩ୕ϹĪu໼࠱Օࠀўvᇗ֭֎ՕļՕ๐ଔ້ ගሻў൝ۆՕ๐෶ᄥ֭֎ჵගŞ 155 Vocabulary Index C cancer /knsə/ n. μᆩ 10 candidate /kndideit/ n. ޱ࿒ಮ 3 canoeing /kənuiŋ/ n. ߋ؇଩ᇢ 6 captain /kptin/ n. ĩ౷ؚĪؚӑ 3 career /kəriə/ n. ൡ၄ 3 carnation /kɑneiʃən/ n. ॊଶᏦ 5 carnival parade আߓࢳႻྣ 5 carol /krəl/ n. ෉۫ 5 carve /kɑv/ v. ॡ 5 cast /kɑst/ n. ဎჼў 4 castle /kɑsl/ n. ӴЕ 2 cause /kɔz/ v. ႌగ 9 celebration /selibreiʃən/ n. ౱ለ 5 celebrity /silebriti/ n. ᆱଈಮ༆ 3 century /sentʃəri/ n. ၊Ϭ୕ĭൟࡈ 10 ceremony /seriməni/ n. ׍৤ĭၖ൜ 8 champagne /ʃmpein/ n. མᣀࣽ 8 character /kriktə/ n. ࢠ೬ 1  chew /tʃu/ v. ऎ࢙ 1 china /tʃainə/ n. Քఞ 7  chip /tʃip/ n. ࠪӶא੦௓ 1  chorus /kɔrəs/ n. ގӗؚ 4 clam chowder ۵ᰥݢ༿ป 7 climate /klaimit/ n. టޱ 9 close /kləυz/ adj. ౜֭ࣕĭ౜૩֭ 8 coach /kəυtʃ/ n. ࢥਈ 10 coastline /kəυstlain/ n. ݢωཔ 9  commonly /kɒmənli/ adv. ௼њĭ๡Ӑ 7  community service ന౽ڣ༈ 1 company /kmpəni/ n. ܌ර 2 compass /kmpəs/ n. ઍகĭᆿ଺ᆔ 9 competition /kɒmpitiʃən/ n. й೟ 6 concerned /kənsnd/ adj. ֌ྗ֭ļܹྗ֭ 5 congratulation /kənrtʃυleiʃən/ n. ለޗĭ ޗՒ 8 consist of Ⴖrr቎Ӷ 7 construction /kənstrkʃən/ n. ࢁህ༆ 3  contents /kɒntents/ n. ୅ೀļପ੫ 1 continent /kɒntinənt/ n. վ੬ļᇥ 9 continue /kəntinju/ v. ࡇ࿋ 3 continuous /kəntinjuəs/ adj. ৽࿋֭ĭԃ࿋֭ 9 contract /kɒntrkt/ n. ގ๥ 3 costume /kɒstjυm/ n. ༬ሕ 5 course /kɔs/ n. ၊֩Қ 7 cowboy /kaυbɔi/ n. ୬ስ 5 crayon /kreiən/ n. ঢл 5 cream /krim/ n. ଷႺ 7 create /krieit/ v. Կᄷ 9 crime /kraim/ n. ٝቔĭٝቔྣແ 1 cultural /kltʃərəl/ adj. ໛ߌ֭ 2 cushion /kυʃən/ n. ׏ሸ 2  cutlery /ktləri/ n. Ҝख 7 D damage /dmid / v. ෭ߒĭ෭ݥ 9 decorate /dekəreit/ v. ሕ൭ 5 defeat /difit/ v. ࠔϯ 6 defense /difens/ n. ٥൷ 6 defi nitely /definitli/ adv. ଄ಚĭ၊ׯĭ֚ಞ 8 degree /diri/ n. ࿘໒ 3 depth /depθ/ n. യ؏ 9 detail /diteil/ n. ཟ౮ 4 detective /ditektiv/ n. ᆕธ 3 developing /diveləpiŋ/ adj. هᅢᇗ֭ 10 development /diveləpmənt/ n. هᅢ 3 diploma /dipləυmə/ n. р၄ᆫඈĭр၄໛௥ 8 direction /direkʃən/ n. ĩྣ੦֭Īᆿႌĭ٢ ཧ 8 discussion /diskʃən/ n. ัઊ 4 disease /diziz/ n. ࠭Ѱ 10  dispose /dispəυz/ v. Աᇊ 1 domestic /dəmestik/ adj. ݛ୅֭ 9 double /dbəl/ v. ࡎЧĭْ၊ّ 9 draw (one’s) attention ༓ႌĩଞಮ֭Īሇၱ 3 dress /dres/ v. ĩۻrrĪԴၑ 2 dress up ുሕսϺ 5 dribble /dribəl/ v. ᄖ౷ 6 dry /drai/ v. ୳یĭҐی 1 Dublin /dblin/ n. ؃ϫਧĩρقয൶؃Ī 9 dull /dl/ adj. ໵ಇ֭ĭॲᄺ֭ 4 dump /dmp/ v. ౨֢ 10 156 Vocabulary Index dumpling /dmpliŋ/ n. ࢡሸ 5 dynasty /dinəsti/ n. Ӝօ 2 E earthquake /θkweik/ n. ׁᆙ 9 Easter bunny ڷࠋࢳ๼ሸ 5 edit /edit/ v. ёࠨ 8 educate /edjυkeit/ n. ࢥც 2 effect /ifekt/ n. ེݜļႝཡ 4  elbow /elbəυ/ n. ᇩĭᇩҎ 7 electric /ilektrik/ adj. א֭ĭਿಮࠟ׶֭ 5 empty /empti/ v. ൘rrӶແ४֭ļ֢४ 1 engaged /ineid d/ adj. ၠװࠆ֭ 8 engagement /ineid mənt/ n. װࠆĭࠆᄇ 8  erupt /irpt/ v. Нه 9 Europe /jυərəp/ n. ஀ᇥ 9 ever /evə/ adv. ՞ধļᄥଞ൐ 2 exchange /ikstʃeind / v. ࢔ߘ 5 exhibition /eksibiʃən/ n. ᅢ঳ 4 explore /iksplɔ/ v. ခࣶĭธ෴ 9 expo /ekspəυ/ n. ᅢ঳߾ 9 extinct /ikstiŋkt/ adj. ૽य֭ 10 extra /ekstrə/ adj. صປ֭ 5 F fame /feim/ n. ଈഺ 3 fancy dress party ുሕ໿߾ 5  farewell /feəwel/ n. ۩ѡ 1 fascinating /fsineitiŋ/ adj. ༓ႌಮ֭ 9 feast /fist/ n. ുဘ 5 feature /fitʃə/ n. ำᆠ 9 festival /festəvel/ n. ࢳಸ 5 festive /festiv/ adj. ࢳಸ֭ 5  fi ction /fikʃən/ n. ུ඲ 4  fi ctional /fikʃənəl/ adj. ྼܚ֭ 4 fi ll /fil/ v. ้೎ 1 fi lm /film/ v. ஍Ӷאႝ 1 fi nal /fainəl/ adj. ቓ޲֭ 4 n. भ೟ 6 fi ne /fain/ v. وঃ 10 fi recracker /faiəkrkə/ n. Нᇸĭяண 5 fi t /fit/ v. ሕ࣑ĭೀ଴ 9 fl ash /flʃ/ v. ം် 5 fl avor /fleivə/ n. ९ໍ 7 fl oat /fləυt/ v. ௖ڤ 2 fl oating /fləυtiŋ/ adj. ௖ڤ֭ 9 fl ood /fld/ n. ިණ 9 fl owerpot /flaυəpɒt/ n. ߅ற 8  fl uently /fluəntli/ adv. ੈ৮ׁ 4 former /fɔmə/ adj. వ၊۹֭ 2 foul /faυl/ n. ٝ݇ 6 found /faυnd/ v. ࢁ৳ 2 fry /frai/ v. ࡠ 5 G Gaelic /eilik/ n. ۊقნ 9 gala /ɑlə/ n. ു߾ĭ౱׍ 5 garbage /ɑbid / n. টࠕ 10 generally /d enərəli/ adv. ၊϶ĭ๡Ӑ 7 generous /d enərəs/ adj. چھ֭ĭोृ֭ 9  geographer /d iɒrəfə/ n. ׁৠ࿘ခࣶᆈࠏ ልࡍ 9 get married ࢺࠆ 2 ghost /əυst/ n. ݎ 5 giggle /iəl/ n. ााཹ 5 v. ााׁཹ 7 give away Ϥrr්ۻĩѡಮĪ 4 give up ٪డ 10 globe /ləυb/ n. ׁ౷ĭׁ౷ၖ 9 glossary /lɒsəri/ n. ඔნўļՕࠀў 1  gnaw /nɔ/ v. ॥ĭံ 1 gold /əυld/ n. ࣉ 6 golf /ɒlf/ n. ۢقڗ౷ 6 gown /aυn/ n. ୷ಜڣĭ୷৤ڣ 8 grab /rb/ v. ሊ 2 graduation /rd ueiʃən/ n. ĩվ࿘ֱĪр ၄ļр၄׍৤ 8 grand /rnd/ adj. ുվ֭ļᇾ္֭ 2  grave /reiv/ n. ٽତ 1 groom /rum/ n. ྕ় 8 growth /rəυθ/ n. Ӷӑ 10 157 Vocabulary Index guard /ɑd/ v. ൷໗ 6 guidebook /aidbυk/ n. ᆿ଺ĭ൵Ұ 8 Guinness /inis/ n. ၊ᇝρقযைࣽ 9 gym /d im/ n. เცܾ 6 H haircut /heəkt/ n. ࡯ه 3 hairstyle /heəstail/ n.هྠĭه൜ 3 Halloween /hləυin/ n. ຫൄࢳ 5 handle /hndl/ n. ѫĭϤ൵ 7 happiness /hpinis/ n. ྥڦĭঁ৉ 8 harm /hɑm/ v. ൘rrൻݥ 10 harsh /hɑʃ/ adj. ࡣ଼֭ļաҩ֭ 2 heritage /heritid / n. ၔӉ 2 hero /hiərəυ/ n. ႏྮ 4 high-tech /hai tek/ n. ۢज़࠷ 3 historic /histɒrik/ adj. ৭ൖഐᇿଈ֭ļႽ৭ ൖၱၴ֭ 2 historical /histɒrikəl/ adj. ৭ൖ֭ļތ৭ൖ Ⴝܹ֭ 2 homecoming party ྲྀႾٚྲྀࠋ׶ 5 honeymoon /hnimun/ n. ૨ᄍ 8 hoop /hup/ n. ভঅ 6 hopscotch /hɒpskɒtʃ/ n. ๓۴ሸ 6 host /həυst/ v. ᇾϿ 9 human /hjumən/ n. ಮ 4 I iceberg /aisb/ n. Ѫ೾ 9 immense /imens/ adj. ࠦվ֭ 9  impressed /impresd/ adj. ਿಮႎཨയॡ֭ 4  impression /impreʃən/ n. ႎཨ 9 improve /impruv/ v. ۇ࣑ĭۇഇ 5 in addition Ֆປ 7 independent /indipendənt/ adj. ؇৳֭ 9 independently /indipendəntli/ adv. ؇৳ׁ 3  index /indeks/ n. ෴ႌ 1 individual /individ uəl/ n. ۹ಮ 6 indoors /indɔz/ adv. ᄥ൱୅ 6 Industrial Revolution ܅၄۲ଉ 10  inhabitant /inhbitənt/ n. ऊ૾ļః༗֭׶ ༆ 9  inspired /inspaiəd/ adj. ԑ઩਺ۓ֭ 1 it depends ଲ֬ॉ౮ঋ 7  it serves sb right ࠋۆĭۻଞಮ႓֭֬Ӻو 1 J Jack-o’-lantern /d kəυlntən/ n. ଺ܰ֯ 5 jelly bean ڷࠋࢳยݜ 5 K karate /kərɑti/ n. ४൵֩ 6 ketchup /ketʃəp/ n. ّౖࢍ 7 keyword /kiwd/ n. ܹࡷሻ 4 knit /nit/ v. ёᆶ 5 knock /nɒk/ n. ైĭࠔ 5 L laboratory /ləbɒrətəri/ n. ൔယ൱ 10 lack /lk/ v. ಔً 10 land /lnd/ v. ĩٮࠗgԷֱĪሪ੬ 2 landmark /lndmak/ n. ੬ћĭ໛༆ࢁህ 9  landslide /lndslaid/ n. ೾бĭ߉௩ 9 lantern /lntən/ n. ֯੎ 2 Lantern Festival ჵཱࢳ 2 lap /lp/ n. ĩቝሪ൐֭ĪվກҎ 7  latest /leitist/ adj. ቓྕ֭ 4  latitude /ltitjud/ n. ໊؏ 9 launch /lɔntʃ/ v. & n. هഥ 3 lead /lid/ n. ఫ 10 leaning /liniŋ/ adj. ౨྄֭ 2 litre /litə/ n. ാ 10 live /liv/ adj.ཋӎᆸѴ֭ 8  living /liviŋ/ adj. ࠋ֭ĭႽ഻ଉ֭ 9 longitude /lɒnd itjud/ n. ࣤ؏ 9 look up Ҹᅻ 1 lost /lɒst/ adj. ૡ੦֭ 9 lottery /lɒtəri/ n. ĩهྣҙ௘ĪԖҙۻࢊٍ 8  lowland /ləυləndz/ n. ֶׁ 9 158 Vocabulary Index lunar /lunə/ adj. ฆႄ֭ĭၣᄍ౷܌ሏұ؏ ֭ 5 M Madrid /mədrid/ n. જ֫ৢ 8 make way for ದ੦ۻrr 5 managing director ቁࣤৠ 10 Manchester /mntʃəstə/ n. ફӦබำ 8 mansion /mnʃən/ n. վ༸ 3 maple syrup ڈඖ૨ 7 march /mɑtʃ/ n. ࣑ྣ౿ 8 marriage /mrid / n. ࠆႅ 3  martial arts ໻ඔ 4 marvelous /mɑvələs/ adj. ࠦނ֭ĭ٬֭ٗ 5 mashed potato ๺؀ୋ 7 mask /mɑsk/ n. ૳ख 5 mayonnaise /meiəneiz/ n. ֙ߣࢍ 7 measles /mizəlz/ n. ઘᆗ 3 mechanic /miknik/ n. ࠗྱ܅ 10 medal /medəl/ n. ࢊஏĭ࿜ᅫ 6  media /midiə/ n. վᇡԶѴ૊ࣂ 1 medium-rare /midiəm reə/ adj. ᇗֱ୆֭ 7 melon /melən/ n. ܰ 7  melt /melt/ v. ಽߌ 9 memorable /memərəbəl/ adj. ଼ີ֭ 4 memorize /meməraiz/ v. ࡂၳļࡂሆ 4 mention /menʃən/ v. ฼֦ 2 metropolis /mitrɒpəlis/ n. վ؃൯ 9 milestone /mailstəυn/ n. ৢӹП 3 million /miljən/ n. Ϭຫ 9 mission /miʃən/ n. ಱ༈ 3  misuse /misjuz/ v. ༊ႰĭষႰ 1 monitor /mɒnitə/ n. ϳӑ 1 motto /mɒtəυ/ n. Იစ 6 moving /muviŋ/ adj. ਿಮۓ׶֭ 4 muffi n /mfin/ n. ུෆѮĭ๋ུ֭૳Џत 7 mustard /mstəd/ n. ࢿଔ 7 N name /neim/ v. ଉଈ 3 nappy /npi/ n. ଢ଼ҋ 8 narrow /nrəυ/ adj. ༶ᅖ֭ 3 national /nʃənəl/ adj. ݛࡍ֭ 3 natural /ntʃərəl/ adj. ሹಞ֭ 10 nearly /niəli/ adv. ࠳޴ĭҽҊا 9 necklace /neklis/ n. ལਅ 2 neither /naiðə/ pron. ਎ᆈ؃Ҋ 4 neuromotor /njυərəməυtə/ adj. ലࣤĩࠜĪ ᄖ׶֭ 3 newly-wed /njuli wed/ n. ĩ๡ӐႰڷගĪ ྕࠆ֭ಮ 8 no wonder ѱҊ఍ܷĭҊቈແ఍ 3 O obvious /ɒbviəs/ adj. ଄ཉ֭ 10 offense /əfens/ n. ܆٢ 6 offi cial /əfiʃəl/ adj. ܺ٢֭ĭᆦ൜֭ 9 on /ɒn/ adv. ᆦᄥه഻ĭᆦᄥഐႠ 4 on average ௤रగধ 10 on holiday ؏ࡔ 3 opposite /ɒpəzit/ adj. ཕ֭ٙ 8 organization /ɔənaizeiʃən/ n. ቎ᆶ 10 oriental /ɔrientl/ adj. ײ٢֭ 9 outdoors /aυtdɔz/ adv. ᄥ൱ປ 6 overall /əυvərɔl/ a. ቁ֭ĭಎ૳֭ 7 overlook /əυvəlυk/ v. ڬ᩽ 3 overturn /əυvətn/ v. սْ 5 P parcel /pɑsəl/ n. Џݝ 4 party /pɑti/ n. ĩ๥ྣ֭Īಝĭ቎ĭؚ 8 pavilion /pəviljən/ n. ๝ĭ۶ļĩਪ൐Īᅢ ঳ܾ 9 pearl /pl/ n. ᆍᇰ 9 penguin /peŋwin/ n. చس 9 pepperoni /pepərəυni/ n. ণໍམӓ 7 percent /pəsent/ n. Ϭٻග 10 performance /pəfɔməns/ n. Ӷࠣ 5 persuade /pəsweid/ v. ඲ڣ 10 physicist /fizisist/ n. ༆ৠ࿘ࡍ 3 159 Vocabulary Index pick up ದrrչӢ 8 pickle /pikəl/ n. ᦟᇍ֭൒௞ĭ஦Қ 7 picturesque /piktʃəresk/ adj. ೊߊ϶֭ 2 pin-striped /pinstraipt/ adj. ༭๐ໝ֭ 2 plain /plein/ n. ௤ჸ 9 planet /plnit/ n. ྣྚ 9 plateau /pltəυ/ n. ۢჸ 9 play /plei/ n. ༬ञ 1 plot /plɒt/ n. ౮ࢳ 4 polar /pəυlə/ n. ׁࠦ 10 polish /pɒliʃ/ v. ഐ݃ 1 pollution /pəluʃən/ n. ໲ಡ 9 population /pɒpjυleiʃən/ n. ಮ९ 9 populous /pɒpjυləs/ adj. ಮ९Ԛ૩֭ 3 port /pɔt/ n. ۞९ 9 portable /pɔtəbəl/ adj. ౦є֭ĭєჇྂփ ֭ 7 pour /pɔ/ v. ݁ĭሇĭ֢ 9 prank /prŋk/ n. ظቜञ 5 preparation /prepəreiʃn/ n. ჯЩĭሡЩ 8 present /prizənt/ v. ൹ვ 6 previous /priviəs/ adj. ༽వ֭ 6 primary school ƒႏ„ུ࿘ 3 prime minister ൶ཕ 2  producer /prədjusə/ n. ĩאႝĪᇍ௓ಮ 1 professor /prəfesə/ n. ࢥ൹ 3 profi t /prɒfit/ n. ৮ၵ 1 progress /prəυres/ n. ࣑Ҍ 4 prong /prɒŋ/ n. ҵļϥ 7 publish /pbliʃ/ v. ԣϹ 1 pumpkin /pmpkin/ n. ଺ܰ 5 pure /pjυə/ adj. Պࣲ֭ĭ౪ࢹ֭ĭՊ֭ 9 Q qualifi cation /kwɒlifikeiʃən/ n. ሯ۴ 6  quote /kwəυt/ n.ႌ໛ 4 R race /reis/ n. й೟ĭ೟஥ 5 rainfall /reinfɔl/ n. ࢎთਐ 9 rat /hɑʃ/ n. ূඒ 2 rate /reit/ n. ූ؏ 10  rating /reitiŋ/ n. ֱ࠱ĭ࠱ѡ 4 rattling /rtliŋ/ n. 窸窣ཡ 5 real /riəl/ adj. ᆏൔ֭ 4 realize /riəlaiz/ v. ಲൕ֦ĭਜࢻ 9 recently /risəntli/ adv. ቓࣕ 2 reception /risepʃən/ n. ࢬֈĭဘ߾ 8 recipe /resipi/ n. ൒௾ 5 recognize /rekənaiz/ v. ಲԣ 3 recommend /rekəmend/ v. ๿ࡱ 9 recreate /rikrieit/ v. ĩ൘Īᄤཋ 2 rectangular /rektŋjυlə/ adj. ӑ٢ྡ֭ 6 reduce /ridjus/ v. ࡰച 10 relatively /relətivli/ adj. ཕ؛ׁ 9 remarkable /rimɑkəbəl/ adj. ٬֭ٗ 3 reply /riplai/ v. ߵջĭջڷ 1 reside /rizaid/ v. ऊሆ 2 resolution /rezəluʃən/ n. भׯĭभྗ 5 resource /rizɔs/ n. ሯჿ 9  restriction /ristrikʃən/ n. ནᇍ 1 result in ֥ᇉ 10 review /rivju/ n. ௧ઊ 4 ring /riŋ/ n. ࢽᆿ 8 roast /rəυst/ v. ॓ĭޥ 5  roller skating ߉ݴѪ 4 rolling /rəυliŋ/ adj. ૭ငగڡ֭ 9  romantic /rəυmntik/ adj. াભ֭ 1 row /rəυ/ n. எ 4 S sanitation /sniteiʃən/ n. ໗഻ 10 satisfactory /stisfktəri/ adj. ਿಮ઩ၱ֭ 10  scene /sin/ n. ӎࣧ 1 scenery /sinəri/ n. ڌࣧ 2 scholar /skɒlə/ n. ࿘ᆈ 2 scientifi c /saiəntifik/ adj. ज़࿘֭ 3  seal /sil/ n. ݢЛ 9 secondary school ᇗ࿘ 2 select /silekt/ v. ๏࿒ 3 selection /silekʃən/ n. ๏࿒ 3 160 Vocabulary Index sentence /sentəns/ v. ஙԱ 1 separate /sepərit/ adj. ֎؇֭ļٻि֭ 6 serious /siəriəs/ adj. ကᇟ֭ 10 set the table ĩᄥሥഐĪϭҜख 3 settle /setl/ v. υஎĭਠৠĩൡ༈ֱĪ 1 seven-ish /sevəniʃ/ n. ఆ׌ቘႿ 4 shocked /ʃɒkt/ adj. ൻਜᆙ֭࣡ 10 short of ಔً 10 show up ԣཋ 8 side /said/ n. ஭Қ 7 situate /sitʃueit/ v. ໒Ⴧ 9 skeleton /skelitən/ n. ܨࡗĭܨᷠ 5 skyscraper /skaiskreipə/ n. ଑็վ੔ 2 sliced /slaisd/ adj. ౕ௓֭ 7 slogan /sləυən/ n. ћნĭ९ބ 6 slouch /slaυtʃ/ v. ૈ࣢սҘׁቝĩᅧĭቄĪ 7 snooker /snukə/ n. බ୾ॠ 6 snowboard /snəυbɔd/ v. ߉࿚ 6 soap /səυp/ v. ๸ٯᄸ 5  sourly /saυli/ adv. ෞෞׁļҊۢྞׁ 1 spaghetti /spəeti/ n. ၱվ৮ൔྗ૳ 7 Spain /spein/ n. ༎ϳ࿱ 8 spank /spŋk/ v. ஍ս 8 spare /speə/ v. ࢳീĭٻದ 1 spectator /spekteitə/ n. ܼᇡ 6 spice /spais/ n. མਠļĩতĪנໍ௞ 3 spit /spit/ v. ๻९ණĭ๻ฐ 10  spoonful /spunfυl/ n. ၊Ԅ 1 spot /spɒt/ n. ׁ׌ĭӎ෶ 2  spy /spai/ n. ࡟צ 4 v. ૥૩࡛൲ 1 standard /stndəd/ n. ћሡ 10 state /steit/ n. ݛࡍ 9 stir /st/ n. ࢚׶ 3 streamer /strimə/ n. ༶ӑ֭ҙ೬ᇄփ 8 stuff /stf/ v. ೞ઩ĭ้઩ 5 stupid /stjupid/ adj ჋Ջ֭ 10 success /səkses/ n. Ӷ܇ 1 suffer /sfə/ v. ᄭൻĭಯൻ 3 suggestion /səd estʃən/ n. ࢁၸ 7 suitable /sutəbəl/ adj. ൩ގ֭ 1  summary /sməri/ n. ۈ္ 4 supply /səplai/ n. ܊ۻ 10 surprise /səpraiz/ n. ਿಮԁ֭࣡ൡ༆ 8 surrounding /səraυndiŋ/ adj. ᇣ຾֭ĭߔ಩ ֭ 9 sweep /swip/ v. ౪೩ 5 symbolic /simbɒlik/ adj. ཨᆠྦྷ֭ 9 symbolize /simbəlaiz/ v. ཨᆠ 5 T taco /tkəυ/ n. ଖ༎۪პ૤त 7 tailcoat /teilkəυt/ n. ထ້ڣ 2 take part in ҝࡎĩࠋ׶Ī 3 take place ه഻ 2 tanker /tŋkə/ n. Ⴚઅ 10 tax /tks/ n. ත 2 term /tm/ n. Օნĭඔნ 5 territory /teritəri/ n. ਽๺ĭϹ๵ 9 test /test/ n. & v. ұယ 8 the Arctic Ocean ТѪဤ 9 the Atlantic Ocean վ༎ဤ 9 the Netherlands ވয 6 the Pacifi c Ocean ฆ௤ဤ 9 the Republic of Ireland ρقযܓތݛ 9 the South Pole ଺ࠦ 9 the Statue of Liberty ሹႶ୷ലས 9  theft /θeft/ n. ֪ౙ 1  thief /θif/ n. ུ๮ĭᄿ 1 thousand island dressing బ֣೬ঠࢍ 7 title /taitl/ n. ଈӳĭћ฽ 4 tomb /tum/ n. ٽତ 2 toothbrush /tuθbrʃ/ n. ࿱ඟ 8 topographical /təpərfikəl/ adj. ׁྡ࿘ഐ ֭ 9 torch /tɔtʃ/ n. ࠍझ 6 tour guide ֥Ⴛ 3 tournament /tυənəmənt/ n. ৻೟ĭ࣎ћ೟ 6 tower /taυə/ n. ෻ļ෻੔ 2 traffi c jam ࢔๡؉ೞ 3 trip /trip/ v. Ѐ֢ 6 trophy /trəυfi/ n. ࢊ௞ 6  trough /trɒf/ n. ႊණҪ 1 161 Vocabulary Index tuck /tk/ v. ೞ೎ 7 tuna salad ࣉాა೬ঠ 7 turkey /tki/ n. ࠍࠡ 5 type /taip/ n. ᇝ৓ 4 typhoon /taifun/ n. ฃڌ 9 U  UNESCO ৻ގݛࢥज़໛቎ᆶ 2 uneven /nivən/ adj. Ҋ௤र֭ 10 unevenly /nivənli/ adv. Ҋ௤रׁ 10 unfair /nfeə/ adj. Ҋ܌௤֭ 2 unique /junik/ adj. ؇ำ֭ 2 upset /pset/ adj. ॵୀ֭ 3 v. ൘ྗ٘ 10 Uruguay /jυərəwai/ n. ໱ঠ݈ 6 user /juzə/ n. ൘Ⴐᆈ 4 V value /vlju/ n. ࡖᆼ 10 via /vaiə/ prep. ๡ݞ 6 violent /vaiələnt/ adj. ౄਣ֭ĭ૚ਣ֭ĭআ К֭ 9  volcano /vɒlkeinəυ/ n. ࠍ೾ 9 vow /vaυ/ n. ൣစĭൣᄇ 8 W  waffl e /wɒfəl/ n. ߇ڗѮ 7 waistcoat /weistkəυt/ n. Фྗ 2 wealth /welθ/ n. ҕھ 10 wedding /wediŋ/ n. ࠆ৤ĭࢺࠆ౱׍ 8 whale /weil/ v. ҅ࣟ 10 whisper /wispə/ n. فნ 5 willpower /wilpaυə/ n. ၱᇅ৷ 5 wind /waind/ v. ᰴဂవ࣑ĭჅߵ 9 windsurfi ng /windsfiŋ/ n. ِϸᄖ׶ 6 wooden /wυdn/ adj. ଩ᇍ֭ 2 work /wk/ n. ቜ௞ 1 work out ؔਇĭਈ༥ 6 ޲ࡂ ഐݢປნࢥცԣϹന{ၴ༈ࢥცࢥज़ඈႏნ|ĩఆ୕࠱ഐҰeࣼ୕࠱༷ҰĪ൦ЯനԣϹ֭{ႏნĩಎ ݛປݛნ࿘ྲྀ༪ਡࢥғĪቀގࢥӹ|ĩpĪ֭ྱװЯĭۼऔݛࡍࢥცҎቓྕϷҋ֭{ၴ༈ࢥცႏნॣӹ ћሡ|ĩ୕ϹĪྱװؿӶh ЯࢥғႶಎݛປݛნ࿘ྲྀ܅ቜခࣶ߾gഐݢປݛნվ࿘቎ᆶё྇ĭࣤࢥცҎࠖԬࢥცॣӹࢥғልࡍ܅ ቜໆჼ߾ഴҸ๡ݞሡვ൘Ⴐh ЯҰࢥғ܊ࣼ୕ၴ༈ࢥცϞ୕࠱׃၊࿘ఁ൘ႰhЯҰࢥғ֭ё྇ಮჼႽĻ ቁᇾёĻ໹Ⴞھ ᇾёĻထ߇ྞ ڴᇾёĻᅽर୩କݛౚ ёᆈĻĩχྨ൮лߊஎਡĪ   ੆႞ဟᄑ༱෋ආडᅮᄈᅽվ৥ܽ᧝ ЯҰඈ׃၊Ϲё྇ಮჼແĻ ቁᇾёĻւ᧕׷໹Ⴞھ ᇾёĻထ߇ྞ ڴᇾёĻ಼ྕ૾ ёᆈĻĩχྨ൮лߊஎਡĪ   ຮྶѤಱ઩ޫ੆႞෋ආडᅮᄈ಼ྕ૾   କݛౚ״ቖཞܽ᧝ ߓႚ݄վ൅഻ধאধݮᆿԣࢥғ֭ҽոތҊቈĭ฼ԣЗݔၱࡶh ഐݢປნࢥცԣϹനࠖԬࢥცҎ ׁᆾĻഐݢ൯վ৽༎੦ބഐݢປნࢥცԣϹന൱ ႷᆧёચĻ ৻༪אߍĻሏ ഺ଄χᅾᇗ߇ಮ૾ܓތݛuᇿቜಋٍv׃م്ೠ๐ᇗܹჇuແൔൈࣼ୕ᇍၴ༈ࢥცތݛࡍࢥც݇ߋؿ ё྇ԣϹࢥज़ඈĭԪቜᆈൡ༽ഺ଄Ҋ࿀൘Ⴐ֭ປĭफ़ၣҊࣤᇿቜಋಮ࿀फ़ĭᄥࢥज़ඈᇗࠀёၠࣤهў֭ቜ ௞௓ؕࠏᆈུ֭ؓ໛ሻቜ௞gႃ৉ቜ௞ࠏ֎ڞ્֭ඔቜ௞gതႝቜ௞ĭ֔႓֚χᅾ݇ׯᆮڹЙԗĭᆿ଄ቜ ᆈྨଈgቜ௞ଈӳv֭Ⴝܹ݇ׯĭ໩૔ၠࣘਐ࿡ᅻჸቜᆈᆮڹЙԗhჸቜᆈೊႽܹჇᆮڹЙԗൡၚफ़ࠫ൐ იԣϹന৻༪h 9.53 10.5 ISBN 978-7-5446-4414-3 G • 1426 2016 8 1 2018 8 3 254 䰚䕊ᰪ ཮ກሞӲՊణ!(CIP)!ຕ਍ ᆈᇕბิᆩກ/ ӗ౎प/ ฉ֩Njᄊࣀ႗ڪՊ/ Ċฉ࡛ǖฉ࡛ྔᇕঞᇣ؜ӲมLj2018 ᅭခঞᇣঞ੔ກ ISBN 978-7-5446-4414-3 I. Ɨᆈč II. Ɨᄊč III. ƗᆈᇕੜĊ؛ዐĊঞ֌ IV. ƗG634.411 ዐࡔӲԨ཮ກ࠷CIPຕ਍ࢃጴDŽ2016Džڼ134179ࡽ 䰩㽓ѨѠϝ᭛࣪Ӵ᪁᳝䰤݀ৌ