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绝密★启用前
2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（一）
（科目代码：201）
☆考生注意事项女
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（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when
making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that
1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But
Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3 was
leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they
were working with.__4__, he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft
6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already
sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on
that day.
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory,
the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly
for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth
was 11 .
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions
officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This
scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in
conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission
Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make
a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series
of interviewees was 0. 75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that,
then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0. 075
points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a
candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been
20 .
英语（一）试题.1 .（共14页）1. A. grants B. submits C. transmits D. delivers
2. A. minor B. objective C. crucial D. external
3. A. issue B. vision ” C. picture D. moment
4. A. For example B. On average C. In principle D. Above all
5. A. fond B. fearful C. capable D. thoughtless
6. A. in B. on C. to D. for
7. A. if B. until C. though D. unless
8. A. promote B. emphasize C. share D. test
9. A. decision B, quality C. status D. success
10. A. chosen B. studied C. found D. identified
11. A. exceptional B. defensible C. replaceable D. otherwise
12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured
13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged
14. A. put B. got C. gave D. took
15. A. instead B.then C. ever D. rather
16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced
17. A. before B. after C.above D. below
18. A.jump B. float C. drop D. fluctuate
19. A. achieve B. undo C. maintain D. disregard
20. A. promising B. possible C. necessary D. helpful
Section H Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（一）试题.2.（共14页）Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly,
played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high
fashion doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the
assistant's sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department
stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of
date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth
Cline's three-year indictment of u fast fashion. In the last decade or so,
advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M,
and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.
Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and
more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as
disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don't advertise
that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items
at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,
shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For
H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the
world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain
natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion world's answer to consumer-activist bestsellers
like Michael Pollan's The Omnivorefs Dilemma. u Mass-produced clothing, like
fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,n Cline
argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64
items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to
waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn
woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own
clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont
decades to perfect her craft ； her example can't be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact
on labor and the environment一including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection
line一Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She
exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or
in energy. Vanity is a constant； people will only start shopping more sustainably
when they can't afford not to.
英语（一）试题.3.（共14页）21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her.
A. poor bargaining skill
B. insensitivity to fashion ”
C. obsession with high fashion
D. lack of imagination
22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to
A. combat unnecessary waste
B. shut out the feverish fashion world
C. resist the influence of advertisements
D. shop for their garments more frequently
23. The word "indictment" (Line 3 , Para. 2)is closest in meaning to
A. accusation
B ・ enthusiasm
C. indifference
D. tolerance
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
B. The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
C. People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
D. Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
25. What is the subject of the text?
A. Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.
B. Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
C. Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
D. Exposure of a mass-market secret.
英语（一）试题.4.（共14页）Text 2
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the
trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this
fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and
say online, companies can aim “behavioural"ads at those most likely to buy.
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers
of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy
to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed
adding a “do not trackn (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could
tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft's Internet Explorer
and Apple's Safari both offer DNT； Google's Chrome is due to do so this year.
In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that
the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.
On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the
version due to appear with Windows 8, would have DNT as a default.
Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick
with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay
off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers,
says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about
their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. "They'll get less
meaningful, less targeted ads. ”
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does
not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do
so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether
they are sticking with Microsoft's default, some may ignore a DNT signal and
press on anyway.
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business
too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out
how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it
has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will
become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for
Windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably
with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy
officer, blogged: "We believe consumers should have more control. v Could it
really be that simple?
英语（一）试题.5.（共14页）26. It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioural'' ads help advertisers to.
A. ease competition among themselves
B. lower their operational costs
C. avoid complaints from consumers
D. provide better online services
27. “The industryn (Line 6, Para. 3) refers to.
A. online advertisers
B. e-commerce conductors
C. digital information analysts
D. internet browser developers
28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default.
A. may cut the number of junk ads
B. fails to affect the ad industry
C. will not benefit consumers
D. goes against human nature
29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?
A. DNT may not serve its intended purpose.
B. Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.
C. DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.
D. Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.
30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one
of.
A. indulgence
B. understanding
C. appreciation
D. skepticism
英语（一）试题.6.（共14页）Text 3
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though
by no means uniformly一glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure
all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfilment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation
of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate
change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look
forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species
have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at
our species5 place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent
chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up
Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union
for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and you will read: " Listed as Least
Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing,
and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and
organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the
Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is
designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than
about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today9s technology,
and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to
science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can
envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated
to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with
considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have
now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet,
and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which
our descendants will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more
likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now
knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of
earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
英语（一）试题.7.（共14页）31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by.
A. our desire for lives of fulfilment
B. our faith in science and technology
C. our awareness of potential risks
D. our belief in equal opportunity
32. The IUCN's "Red List” suggests that human beings are —
A. a sustained species
B. a threat to the environment
C. the world's dominant power
D. a misplaced race
33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?
A. Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.
B. Technology offers solutions to social problems.
C. The interest in science fiction is on the rise.
D. Our immediate future is hard to conceive.
34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to.
A. explore our planet's abundant resources
B. adopt an optimistic view of the world
C. draw on our experience from the past
D. curb our ambition to reshape history
35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Uncertainty about Our Future
B. Evolution of the Human Species
C. The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind
D. Science, Technology and Humanity
英语（一）试题.8.（共14页）Text 4
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's
immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.
But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0
defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the
federal government and the states.
In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested
provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce
federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has
the power tou establish a uniform Rule of Naturalizationn and that federal laws
precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state
policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the
Court,s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the
overturned provisions the majority held that Congress had deliberately " occupied
the field,n and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal9s privileged powers.
However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify
the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That's
because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement
and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with
federal colleagues.
Two of the three objecting Justices—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—
agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules
conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice
Antonin Scalia, who offered. an even more robust defense of state privileges going
back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito
describes in his objection as “ a shocking assertion of federal executive power."
The White House argued that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement
priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect,
the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state
law that it disagrees with.
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control
of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent
states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It
never did so. The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't
want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to
do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
英语（一）试题.9.（共14页）36. Three provisions of Arizona's plan were overturned because they.
A. deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers
B. disturbed the power balancfe between different states
C. overstepped the authority of federal immigration law
D. contradicted both the federal and state policies
37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?
A. Federal officers9 duty to withhold immigrants' information.
B. States9 independence from federal immigration law.
C. States' legitimate role in immigration enforcement.
D. Congress5s intervention in immigration enforcement.
38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts.
A. violated the Constitution
B. undermined the states' interests
C. supported the federal statute
D. stood in favor of the states
39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement.
A. outweighs that held by the states
B. is dependent on the states9 support
C. is established by federal statutes
D. rarely goes against state laws
40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
B. Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.
C. Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
D. The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.
英语（一）试题.10.（共14页）Part B
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45,
choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered
blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark
your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a
million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both
inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,
the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every
year since 2000.
Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today's global
challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.
(41) Humanity has the necessary agro-technological
tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers.
Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food,
wealth and prosperity.
(42)This is a shame—the community should be
grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the
great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without
creative destruction.
Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems
and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords
“ environmental change" or " climate change" have increased rapidly since
2004. (43)________________________
When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local:
Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example.
And whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation
of knowledge is doubtful.
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding.
(44)This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed
in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding
should not expect more in today's economic climate.
The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework
funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social
scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020,
a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has
resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social
science； rather, the complete opposite. (45) That
should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed
directly at solving global problems.
英语（一）试题.11.（共14页）A. It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one
that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and
one that is problem-oriented,, and publishing elsewhere, such as in policy
briefs.
B. However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000
social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.
C. The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other
categories, including health and demographic change ； food security ； marine
research and the bio-economy ； clean, efficient energy ； and inclusive,
innovative and secure societies.
D. The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what
it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation
ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young
ones.
E. These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral
change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming
climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns
and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.
F. Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such
problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a
specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within
cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
G. During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities
as a percentage of all research and development funds—including
government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around
4% to 25% ； in most European nations, it is about 15%.
英语（一）试题.12.（共14页）Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
(10 points)
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals
who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens
evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that
self-expression is a basic human urge； (46)yet when one looks at the photographs
of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity
of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of
decoration and creative expression.
One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of
turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S.
Eliot. (47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly
human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This
distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely
gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind
made possible by the structuring of one's relation to one's environment. (48) The
gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form
into an urban environment where it either didn't exist or was not discernible as
such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment
in which they take their stand.
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise
from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us.
When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give in to a
demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions,
until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by
magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of
plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts
to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a
clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of
water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On
display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level,
seems to be the natural world. (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature
that hilly justifies the use of the word garden, Jthough in a “liberated" sense, to
describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning
for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.
英语（一）试题.13.（共14页）Section HI Writing
Part A
51. Directions: ”
Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college,
inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use "Li Mingv instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your
essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) interpret its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
选择
2013年考研英语（一）真题答案速查表
1 ~5 ADCAB 6 ~ 10 BADDA 11-15 DCBDB 16-20 CACBC 21-25 BDADC
26 ~30 BDCAD 31 ~35 BADCC 36 ~40 CCDAB 41 ~45 EFBGC
46. 然而，当看到由无家可归者创造的花园的照片时，你就会突然意识到，尽管风格多样，
但这些花园除了体现（人类）装饰和创造性表达方面的诉求之外，还道出了人类各种
其他根本的诉求。
47. 安宁的圣地体现了人类特有的需求，无论怎样疏于雕琢，都与遮风挡雨之所不同，后
者反映了动物特有的需求。
48. 这些无家可归者的花园实际上是无定所的花园，它们将“形式”引入城市环境中，而这
种“形式”在城市环境中要么不曾存在，要么没有被当作“形式”看待。
49. 大多数人会陷入精神萎靡的状态，并常常将此归咎于某些心理疾病，直到有一天置身
花园，才顿觉压抑感好像神奇地消失了。
50. 虽然有“扩大词义外延”的意味,但正是这种对大自然或含蓄或明显的参照，充分证明
了使用“花园”一词来描述这些人造建筑的合理性。
英语（一）试题.14.（共14页）想比研友背得快？用闪过！］
考研词汇用闪过
划重点,省时间!
