文档内容
目 录
第一章 单选通关.......................................................................................1
一、词汇积累········································································1
二、语法巩固········································································6
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第二章 阅读突破.......................................................e..............................12
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一、基础训练······································h································12
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二、强化提高······································································18
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第三章 综合演练.....................题................................................................24
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一、单项选择············· 过 ·························································24
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二、阅读理解······································································26
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三、完形填考空······································································346
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考内部资料 免费交流
第一章 单选通关
一、词汇积累
Group 1——词性辨析
1. Once the berries are harvested, Green Fields Farms washes and packages the fruit for
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______toretailstores. n
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A.distribute B.distributed C.distributiogn D.distributional
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2. The gift shop in the hotel lobby specializes in handcrhafted gift items, each one of them
n
uniqueand______.
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A.memory B.memorize 微C.memories D.memorable
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3. One reason that the economy of the country is doing so well is that people now have
题
morediscretionaryfundsattheir____押__.
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A.dispose B.disposing C.disposal D.disposes
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4. A ______ from Jensen-C密olmes Corporation will be happy to meet with prospective job
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applicantsattheWestboroughJobFair.
前
A.represent 考B.representing C.representative D.representation
5. You would imagine that sleeping was a quiet and peaceful experience but in reality, our
brainsaremoreactiveduringsomestagesofsleepthanwhenweare______.
A.awaken B.waken C.awake D.wake
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Group 2——词义辨析
1. Comco, Inc., became the leading supplier of computer ______ last year, less than ten
yearsafteritwasfounded.
A.amounts B.types C.kinds D.parts
2. Arriving home, the boy told his parents about all the _____ which occurred in his
dormitory.
A.occasions B.matters C.incidents D.issues
3.Medicalcarereformhasbecomethiscountry’smostimportantpublichealth______.
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A.question B.stuff C.matter n D.issue
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4. Conference participants interested in industrial developmegnt should ______ schedule a
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visittoBridgeville’sfactories. h
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A.practically B.definitely C.rye i cently D.fortunately
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5.Theawardprogram______applicationsoft微echnologypromotingeducationalchange.
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A.highlights B.emphasizes C.honors D.respects
题
6.Thecomingoftherailwaysinthe1押830s________oursocietyandeconomiclife.
过
A.transformed B.transported C.transferred D.transmitted
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7.AtlantisSoftwareCompan密y______itsclientscompletesatisfactionwithallitsproducts.
绝
A.requests B.admits C.agrees D.guarantees
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8.Thenewspaperd考idnotmentionthe_______ofthedamagecausedbythefire.
A.range B.level C.extent D.quantity
9.Mr.Smithhadanunusual______:hewasfirstanofficeclerk,thenasailor,andendedup
asaschoolteacher.
A.profession B.occupation C.position D.career
10.Thesamefactorspushwagesandpricesuptogether,theone______theother.
A.emphasizing B.reinforcing C.multiplying D.increasing
11. Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ________
themselves.
A.expanding B.stretching C.prolonging D.extending
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12. Even though medicine can take you back to health if you fall ill, ____ is recommended
toavoidsideeffects.
A.reflection B.consideration C.speculation D.moderation
13. We observe the birth dates of the survey respondents so that we can clearly identify the
______peoplewhohaverighttovote.
A.edible B.feasible C.legal D.eligible
14. With its own parliament and currency and a common ______ for peace, the European
Uniondeclareditself—in11officiallanguages—openforbusiness.
A.inspiration B.assimilation C.intuition D.aspiration
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15. Bill Gates and Walt Disney are two people America has __n____ to be the Greatest
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American. g
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A.appointed B.appeased C.nickhnamed D.nominated
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16.Withprices______somuch,itisdifficultfortheys i chooltoplanabudget.
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A.vibrating B.fluctuating 微C.fluttering D.swinging
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17. The advance of globalization is challenging some of ourmost ______ values and ideas,
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includingourideaofwhatconstitutes押“home”.
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A.enriched B.enlightened C.cherished D.chartered
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18. Housewives who do no密t go out to work often feel they are not working to their full
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______.
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A.capacity 考B.strength C.length D.possibility
19. It is fortunate for the old couple that their son’s career goals and their wishes for him
________.
A.coincide B.comply C.conform D.collaborate
20. Since many people want to attend the awards ceremony on Friday, extra buses will be
made______tothepublic.
A.additional B.frequent C.available D.employable
21.Brazilisthesecondlargestsoybeanproducerandthethird largestmaize producerinthe
world,contributingwith30%and7%,______,oftheglobalharvestofthesecropsin2013.
A.exclusively B.respectively C.incredibly D.undoubtedly
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22.Microfinancebusinessesoperateinmanydevelopingcountries.Theyaccept______and
providesmallloanstopeopleinthedevelopingworld.
A.overdrafts B.advances C.deposits D.funds
23. Among all the public holidays, National Day seems to be the most joyful to the people
ofthecountry;onthatdaythewholecountryis______inafestivalatmosphere.
A.trapped B.sunk C.soaked D.immersed
24.Thewoodencasesmustbesecuredbyoverall metalstrappingsothattheycanbestrong
enoughtostandroughhandlingduring______.
A.transit B.motion C.shift D.traffic
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25.Asateacherrichinexperience,sheknowshowto_____heridneastothesenewstudents
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inalimitedperiodoftime. g
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A.convey B.convince C.circuhlate D.contribute
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Group3——短加语辨析&固定搭配
题
押
1.Astronautsare______allkindsoftestsbeforetheyareactuallysentupinaspacecraft.
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A.inclinedto B.subjectedto C.proneto D.boundto
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2. In Disneyland, every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refuses to
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______signsaskinghis“guests”nottosteponthem.
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A.putdown B.putout C.putup D.putoff
3.Thebedhasbeen______inthefamily.Itwasmygreat-grandmother’soriginally.
A.handedout B.handedover C.handeddown D.handedround
4. When their first tests failed, the engineers at OKM Corporation agreed it was ______ to
tryusingdifferentmaterials.
A.time B.end C.moment D.turn
5.Atthemeeting,they______manyproblemsanddiscussedthemonebyone.
A.broughtabout B.broughtout C.broughtup D.broughtdown
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6. In order for you to receive the early registration rate, your application form must be
postmarked______Friday,October28.
A.inadvance B.beforehand C.previously D.nolaterthan
7.Failingto______whatshereallywantedtosay,theoldwomanfinallydrewapicture.
A.comeacross B.goafter C.putacross D.pickup
8. I can’t ______ out why he left his office so suddenly and didn’t tell his secretary where
hewouldbe.
A.write B.check C.figure D.spell
9. Socioeconomic status primarily influences marriage timing, ______ lifetime chances of
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marrying. n
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A.ratherthan B.lessthang
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C.morethan D.othehrthan
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10.Thesuccessfulapplicantwillthencompletea___y_ i ___periodofsixmonths.
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A.time B.temporary 微C.offer D.trial
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11.Theauthorofthereportiswell______withtheproblemsinthehospitalbecausehehas
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beenworkingthereformanyyears. 押
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A.acquainted B.informed C.accustomed D.known
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12.Infants’recognitionofth密eirmothers’voicesprovesthatinfantsare______learning.
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A.afraidof B.slowat
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C.capableof考 D.accustomedto
13.Mr.Wilsonsaidthathedidnotwantto_____anyfurtherresponsibilities.
A.takeon B.geton C.putup D.lookup
14. The National Research Council, in ______ with the American Association for the
AdvancementofScienceproducedthesweepingNationalScienceEducationStandards.
A.network B.relation C.conjunction D.junction
15.Underthepresentsystem,stateenterprisesmust______allprofitstothegovernment.
A.turndown B.turnup C.turnout D.turnin
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二、语法巩固
Group 1
1. The machine can lay 3,000 bricks in eight-hours, a normal workday. That is ______ a
humanbricklayercandointhesameperiod.
A.severaltimesasgreatasthatof
B.severaltimesasmanyasthatof
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2. The mere fact _______ most people believe nuclear waar would be mad does not mean
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A.what B.which 微C.that D.why
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3.Theforethoughtandplanning______ateachstepofwritingaproposalwillhaveadirect
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impactonthechancesofitsacceptanc押e.
过
A.invest B.invested C.investor D.investing
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4. The recommendations do密n’t necessarily match up with ______ primary care physicians
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practicemedicine.
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A.how 考B.what C.which D.where
5.EventhoughChinahaswitnessedgreateconomicandsocialprogress,yetmuch_______.
A.remainstodo B.remainstobedone
C.isremainedtodois D.remainedtobedone
6. You have to wear a helmet and a life jacket for protection, just _____ you fall into the
water.
A.incase B.unless C.though D.as
7. After discussing the terms of the new health-benefits contract, ______ management and
employeesweresatisfied.
A.both B.also C.either D.too
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8. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, ______
weresurprising.
A.asresults B.whichresults
C.theresultsofit D.theresultsofwhich
9. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _______ today and are being modified by the
workofscientistsofourtime.
A.aretochallenge B.maybechallenged
C.havebeenchallenged D.arechallenging
10.Youwillwanttwotreesabouttenfeetapart,from________tosuspendyourtent.
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A.there B.them C.which n D.where
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11. Pressed from his parents, and _____ that he has wastegd too much time, the boy is
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determinedtostopplayingvideogames. h
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A.realizing B.realized C.tyo i realize D.beingrealized
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12.________foryourlaziness,youcouldhave微finishedtheassignmentbynow.
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A.Haditnotbeen B.Itwerenot
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C.Weren’tit 押 D.Hadnotitbeen
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13. Although measures have been introduced to discourage the use of mobile telephones
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insidetheoperahouse,____密__effectivenessremainslimited.
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A.they B.their C.them D.theirs
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14.______shereal考izeditwastoolatetogohome.
A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan B.Hardlydiditgrowdarkthat
C.Scarcelyhaditgrowndarkthan D.Itwasnotuntildarkthat
15. ______ most job seekers are looking for a permanent job, a temporary position may
serveasabridgetofull-timeemployment.
A.How B.While C.That D.So
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Group 2
1. The minimum term of your contract with us will be ______ a period of two years, with
theoptiontorenew.
A.for B.of C.past D.when
2.Hardly______timetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouseandleftthecountry.
A.hehad B.hehadhad C.hadhehad D.hadhe
3. Reading books, _______ takes the reader to other worlds, is a wonderful way to
“escape”.
A.that B.what C.as 6D.which
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4.Thepolicemandeclaredthattheblowonthevictim’shead___e___frombehind.
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A.shouldhavebeenmade B.musthanvebeenmade
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C.wouldhavebeenmade D.oughhttohavebeenmade
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5.Contrastmaymakesomethingappearmorebea信utifulthanitiswhen______alone.
微
A.seen B.isseen
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C.tobeseen 题 D.havingbeenseen
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6. Dr. Hemana and Dr. Wareham, the joint recipients of the Cobalt Research Prize, have
过
known______sincetheywere包universitystudentsinAuckland.
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A.otherone B.anotherone C.anyother D.eachother
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7.Thecoursenormally前attracts20studentsperyear,_____uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.
考
A.inwhich B.forwhom
C.withwhich D.ofwhom
8. Sometimes children have trouble _______ fact from fiction and may believe that such
thingsactuallyexist.
A.toseparate B.separating C.forseparating D.ofseparating
9.To savetime andcosts,Alberta Industriesrecommendsthatanyassociateswhotravelfor
business______theamountofluggagetheycarry.
A.minimize B.tominimize C.haveminimized D.minimizing
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10. It is still unclear ______ the Mayor will accept the recommendations of the City
Council.
A.yet B.about C.before D.whether
11. The library at the Kane-Clark Institute contains numerous items ______ the history of
therenownedphilanthropicorganization.
A.document B.documents C.documentary D.documenting
12. It seems oil ________ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine
aparttoputitright.
A.hadleaked B.isleaking
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C.leaked D.hasbeenleakinng
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13.Patrons whoarrive atthetheater______theshowhasbeggunwill notbeseateduntilthe
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intermission. h
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A.wherever B.into C.aylo i ng D.after
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14. Customers who purchase concert tickets w微ill be charged a service fee ______ they pay
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bycashorbycreditcard.
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A.whether B.either 押 C.even D.despite
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15. What the teacher of the science class does and says ______ of great importance to the
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studentsatcollege. 密
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A.was B.are C.is D.were
前
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Group 3
1.If youwanttoknowmoreabouthowtoreadakatrillionbooks thisyear,don’tforgetyou
alwayshaveyourpubliclibrarytohelpyouunderstand______tobegin.
A.how B.when C.what D.where
2.BecauseMr. Oliver wasunabletovisitthecityplanningagencyyesterday, his supervisor
willgototheagency______latertoday.
A.hers B.she C.her D.herself
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3. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______ all practical
valuebythetimetheywerefinished.
A.hadlost B.wouldlose
C.wouldhavelost D.shouldhavelost
4.PropertyvaluesintheprovinceofWelmahavebeenincreasing______2percentayear.
A.in B.on C.with D.by
5. Employees have the opinion of attending a training class ______ completing an online
tutorial.
A.but B.or C.except D.so
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6. ______ responding to the restaurant survey will receive a free6dessert at the Rangely
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A.Everyone B.Other C.Whosea D.Whoever
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7.Thescientistisknownto______ontheproblemforacoupleofyears.
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A.beworked B.havebeenworking
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C.work 加D.beworking
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8.Americanseat_____astheyactuallyneedeveryday.
押
A.twiceasmuchprotein 过 B.twiceproteinasmuchtwice
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C.twiceproteinasmuch D.proteinastwicemuch
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9. Economics, several co绝urses of which I have taken thus far, ______ to be difficult but
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usefulforalmostallstudents.
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A.prove B.proves C.havebeenproved D.areproved
10.Itis onlywhenyou nearlylosesomeone______ fullyconsciousofhowmuchyou value
him.
A.doyoubecome B.thenyoubecome
C.thatyoubecome D.haveyoubecome
11. We have been told that under no circumstances _______ the telephone in the office for
personalaffairs.
A.mayweuse B.wemayuse C.wecoulduse D.didweuse
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12.Allflights______becauseoftheterribleweather,theyhadtogotherebytrain.
A.havingbeencanceled B.hadbeencanceled
C.havingcanceled D.werecanceled
13.Therearesigns_______restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.
A.that B.which C.inwhich D.whose
14. If the building project ______ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction
companywillbefined.
A.tobecompleted B.iscompleted
C.beingcompleted D.completed
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15.Uranus,______ismuchmoremassivethantheEarth,seemstonhavebeentippedover.
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A.which B.who C.that g D.what
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第二章 阅读突破
一、基础训练
Passage1
Star Airways, Mumbai’s dominant airline for the past five years, has reported it is
planning to replace its entire aircraft fleet with European-produced Skystream jets. Starting
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with an initial purchase of 90 jets, Star Airways expects the changneover to take a decade to
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complete.Thenewplaneswillenabletheairlinetoexpanditsginternationalroutesaswellas
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provide replacementsforits agingfleetofjetplanes.StarhAirways andSkystream, inajoint
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announcementattheBrusselsAir ShowonThursdayy, i saidthattheorderincludedseventeen
信
of the new AWB850 aircraft. This will make S微tar Airways the first Indian carrier to fly the
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AWB850,anaimithashadsincethepowerfuljetswerefirstproduced.
题
1.Whatisthepurposeofthearticle? 押
过
A.Toreportonthemergeroftwoairlines.
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B.Toinforminvestors密ofupdatedprojectplans.
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C.Toannounceanewbusinessagreement.
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D.Todescribe考recentrenovationsatanairport.
2.Howlongisthechangeexpectedtotake?
A.Seventeenyears. B.Tenyears.
C.Fiveyears. D.Threeyears.
3.WhatisNOTreportedasagoalofStarAirways?
A.Toincreaseitsnumberofflightdestinations.
B.Toreplacetheolderplanesinitsfleet.
C.Tobeamongthefirsttouseanewaircraft.
D.Torelocateitsinternationalheadquarters.
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Passage2
To:AnneTremmel
From:MichaelCabrillo
Subject:RecruitingforHorizonExpansion
Your work in our HR department during the past six years has been outstanding;
Horizon has benefited greatly from your knowledge and dedication to the field of human
resources.Specifically, yourrecruitingandstaffingworkattheNewarkresearchfacilitylast
yearwasexceptional.
As I mentioned to you last week, Horizon is rapidly expanding its operations. A new
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research facility will be opening in San Diego within the next einght months. We urgently
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need a HR professional like you who has extensive experigence in all phases of human
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resources to recruit, hire, and process approximately 1h50 new employees. You will be
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involved in recruiting prospective employees from coyl i leges aroundthe country as well asat
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jobfairsinthemajorcities. 微
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This reassignment (工作调动) will involve extensive travel, which will be fully
题
reimbursed (报销) by Horizon. Afte押r every four weeks on the road recruiting, you would
过
have oneweekoff (with pay) beforeyou startthe nextrecruiting trip. Andyou will have an
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assistanttoprocessthepaper密work.
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Anne, please accept this recruiting position for our newly expanded operations. Your
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expertise will mak考e a major contribution to the future success of Horizon. Please e-mail
yourresponsetomenolaterthanJanuary23.
1.WhydoesMichaelCabrilloaskAnneTremmeltobetherecruiter?
A.Becausesheisseldomabsentfromworkandhasahealthybody.
B.Becauseshehasstudiedhumanresourcecoursesbeforesheworked.
C.Becausesheisahardworkingpersonwithgreatresponsibility.
D. Because she has worked in the HR department for a long time with much
experience.
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2.Whatdoesthejobinvolve?
A.DoingresearchesonthereputationofHorizon.
B.Goingtoalotofcollegestofindpotentialemployees.
C.Consultingtheexpertsaboutrecruitment.
D.MeetingthedirectorofHorizoninSanDiego.
3.Whatistrueaboutthetravelschedule?
A.Anneandherassistantgoonabusinesstripattheirownexpense.
B. Anne and her assistant travel to the colleges and job fairs for the five weeks
running.
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C.Anneworksforfourweeksandhasaweekoff. n
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Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwould
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seemsillytocallsuchathingas“disease题”.
押
On theother hand,scientists areincreasingly learningthatagingandbiologicalage are
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two different things, and that 包the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart
密
disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something
绝
treatable,thewayyou前wouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.
考
Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered as a disease.
Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.
“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begin
treatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,”hesaid.
“Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan’tcontrol,”hesaid.
“In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try
to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do
nothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”
But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and
changethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandingthatagingiscurable.”
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“Itwasalways knownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,”headded.“Theonlywayto
cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for
age-relatedconditions.”
Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the
idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some
researcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.
“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they
continue to age, becauseaging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those
causesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.”
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1.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging? n
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A.Itshouldcausenoalarmwhatsoever. g
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B.Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit. h
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C.Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.
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D.Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscie微nce.
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2.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?
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A.Itmightbepreventedandtrea押ted.
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B.Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.
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C.Itresultsfromavitam密indeficiency.
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D.Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.
前
3.WhatdoesAlex考Zhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease”?
A.Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.
B.Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.
C.Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.
D.Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.
4.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?
A.Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.
B.Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.
C.Theycancontributetopeople’shealthonlytoalimitedextent.
D.Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeople’sagingprocess.
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5.WhatdoesprofessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?
A.Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.
B.Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.
C.Fewpeopleliveuptotheageof92.
D.Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.
Passage4
In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent
forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices6sink lower and lower.
6
Doesthatmeanthelinkbetweenloweroilpricesandgrowthhaswneakened?
e
r
g
Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the
n
a
world economy. Consumers have more money in their phockets when they’re paying less at
n
yi
thepump.Theyspendthatmoneyonotherthings,信whichstimulatestheeconomy.
微
The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and
加
India. But doesn’t the extra money in th题e pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an
押
equal loss in oil-producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says
过
economic researcher Sara John包son. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when
密
priceswerehigh,sowhenpricesfalltheywilldrawontheirreservestosupportgovernment
绝
spendingandsubsidie前s(补贴)fortheirconsumers.”
考
But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have
sentitseconomyintofree-fall.
Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are
overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in
global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can’t afford to import
asmuchastheyusedto.
Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices
today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil
producersnow,sothenationssufferingfrom thepricedropaccountforalarger shareofthe
globaleconomy.
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Consumers,intheU.S.atleast,areactingcautiouslywiththesavings they’regettingat
the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a
number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes,
sothenetsavingsforglobalconsumersisnotasbigastheoilpriceplungemightsuggest.
1.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?
A.Thereasonsbehindtheplungeofoilprices.
B.Possiblewaystostimulatetheglobaleconomy.
C.Theimpactofcheapoilonglobaleconomicgrowth.
D.Theeffectoffallingoilpricesonconsumerspending.
6
6
2.Whydosomeexpertsbelievecheapoilwillstimulatetheglobalneconomy?
e
r
A.Manufacturerscanproduceconsumergoodsatamuchglowercost.
n
a
B.Loweroilpriceshavealwaysgivenabigboosttohtheglobaleconomy.
n
C.Oilpricesmayriseorfallbuteconomiclawsyar i enotsubjecttochange.
信
D.Consumerswillspendtheirsavingsfro微mcheapoilonothercommodities.
加
3.Whathappensinmanyoil-exportingcountrieswhenoilpricesgodown?
题
A.Theysuspendimportofneces押sitiesfromoverseas.
过
B.Theyreduceproductiondrasticallytoboostoilprices.
包
C.Theyusetheirmone密yreservestobackupconsumption.
绝
D.Theytrytostoptheireconomyfromgoingintofree-fall.
前
4.HowdoesCarlW考einbergviewthecurrentoilpriceplunge?
A.Itisonethathasseennoparallelineconomichistory.
B.Itsnegativeeffectsmorethancanceloutitspositiveeffects.
C.Itstillhasachancetogiverisetoaboomintheglobaleconomy.
D.Itseffectsontheglobaleconomygoagainstexistingeconomiclaws.
5.Whyhaven’tfallingoilpricesboostedtheglobaleconomyastheydidbefore?
A.Peoplearenotspendingallthemoneytheysaveongas.
B.Theglobaleconomyislikelytoundergoanotherrecession.
C.Oilimportersaccountforalargerportionoftheglobaleconomy.
D.Peopleovertheworldareafraidofafurtherplungeinoilprices.
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二、强化提高
Passage1
Women who are more educated than their husbands used to have a higher chance of
divorce,butanewstudyfoundthatthistrendstoppedinthe1990s.
A team of researchers examined statistics on heterosexual marriages in the United
States from 1950through 2009, andfoundchanges over the decades in the rates ofdivorce.
The study foundthata woman’s education was actually linked to a lower risk of divorce, at
6
least from 2000 to 2004. That is, during that period, couples with e6qual levels of education
n
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were 30 percent less likely to divorce than couples in which hursbands were more educated
g
n
thantheirwives. a
h
n
That represents a change from the 1950s, when
y
ciouples were just as likely to divorce
信
whether or not they had the same level of ed微ucation, or whether the husbands were more
加
educated.
题
These trends are consistent wit押h a shift from a breadwinner-homemaker model of
过
marriage toward a more egalitarian model of marriage in which women’s status is less
包
threatening to men’s gende密r identity, the study’s lead researcher Chritine Schwartz, an
绝
associate professor of sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said in a
前
statement. 考
Before the early 1980s husbands commonly had more education than their wives, the
researchersfound.Butsincethen,morewomenthanmenhavebeenearningcollegedegrees,
atrendthatcontinuestoday.
For couples who married between 1950 and 1954, men completed about 12.4 year of
education, compared to 12 years for their wives. In contrast, among people who married
between 2005 and 2009, men averaged 13.8 years of schooling compared to 14.1 years for
theirwives.
Intheearly1950s,women hadmore educationthantheirhusbandsinabout35percent
of married couples. Thatpercentage jumped to 60percentamong couples whotied the knot
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between2005and2009,theresearchersfound.
“Rather than doggedly adhering to norms that wives should have lower status than
their husbands, men and women are increasingly forming relationships in which women
have the educational advantage — so much so that it is now more common for wives to
havemoreeducationthantheirhusbandsthanthereversepattern,”Schwartzsaid.
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“heterosexualmarriages”(Paragraph2)mean?
A.Marriagebetweenpeopleofequalstatus
B.Marriagebetweenmanandman
C.Marriagebetweenpeopleofdifferentstatus
6
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D.Marriagebetweenmanandwoman n
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2.Woman’seducationlinkedtoalowerriskofdivorcewasbagsedonstatisticsover______.
n
a
A.50years B.40years C.19yhears D.5years
n
3.Whatisbehindthetrendthatwomen’seducationisyl i inkedtolowriskofdivorce?
信
A.Abreadwinner-homemakermodelofm微arriage
加
B.Amoreegalitarianmodelofmarriage
题
C.Men’sthreateninggenderiden押tity
过
D.DominatingStatusofwomeninmarriage
包
4.Since______,womenhav密estartedtoenjoybettereducationthanmen.
绝
A.thebeginningof1980s B.theearly1950s
前
C.thebeginni考ngof1990s D.theearly2000s
5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothearticle?
A.Women’seducationariseswithlowriskofdivorce.
B.Better-educatedwomenaremorelikelytodivorce.
C.Well-educatedmenaremorelikelytodivorce.
D.Womenhavetheeducationaladvantageinmarriagenow.
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Passage2
Amid all the job losses, there’s one category of worker that the economic disruption
hasbeengoodfor:nonhumans.
From self-service checkout lines at supermarket to industrial robots armed with saws
and taught to carve up animal bodies in slaughter-houses, these ever-more-intelligent
machinesarenownotjustassistingworkersbutactuallykickingthemoutoftheirjobs.
Automation isn’t just affecting factory workers, either. Some law firms now use
artificial intelligence software to scan and read mountains of legal documents, work that
previouslywasperformedbyhighly-paidhumanlawyers.
6
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“Robotscontinuetohaveanimpactonblue-collarjobs,andwnhite-collarjobsareunder
e
r
attack by microprocessors,” says economics professor Edwgard Learner. The recession
n
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permanently wiped out 2.5 million jobs. US gross domhestic product has climbed back to
n
pre-recession levels, meaning we’re producing as ym i uch as before, only with 6% fewer
信
workers. To be sure, robotics are notthe only微job killers out there, with outsourcing (外包)
加
stealingfarmorejobsthanautomation.
题
Jeff Burnstein, president of th押e Robotics Industry Association, argues that robots
过
actually save US jobs. His logic: companies that embrace automation might use fewer
包
workers,butthat’sstillbette密rthanfiringeveryoneandmovingtheworkoverseas.
绝
It’s not that robots are cheaper than humans, though often they are. It’s that they’re
前
better. “In some ca考ses the quality requirements are so exacting that even if you wanted to
haveahumandothejob,youcouldn’t.”Burnsteinsays.
Same goes for surgeons, who’re using robotic systems to perform an ever-growing list
of operations — not because the machines save money but because, thanks to the greater
precision of robots, the patients recover in less time and have fewer complications, says Dr.
MyriamCuret.
Surgeons may survive the robot invasion, but others at the hospital might not be so
lucky, asiRobot,maker oftheRoomba,arobotvacuumcleaner,hasbeenshowingoffAva,
which could be used as a messenger in a hospital. And once you’re home, recovering, Ava
could let you talk to your doctor, so there’s no need to send someone to your house. That
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“mobile telepresence” could be useful at the office. If you’re away on a trip, you can still
attend a meeting. Just connect via videoconferencing software, so your face appears on
Ava’sscreen.
Is any job safe? I was hoping to say “journalist”, but researchers are already
developing software that can gather facts and write a news story. Which means that a few
years from now, a robot could be writing this column. And who will read it? Well, there
mightbealotofushangingaroundwithlotsoffreetimeonourhands.
1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstfewparagraphs?
A.Theover-useofrobotshasdonedamagetoAmericaneconomy.
6
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B.Itishardforrobotstoreplacehumansinhighlyprofessionanlwork.
e
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C.Artificialintelligenceiskeytofuturetechnologicalinngovations.
n
a
D.Theroboticindustryhasbenefitedfromtheeconohmicrecession.
n
2.WhatcausedthegreatestlossofjobsinAmerica?
yi
信
A.Usingmicroprocessorsextensively. 微B.Movingproductiontoothercountries.
加
C.Thebankruptcyofmanycompanies. D.Theinvasionofmigrantworkers.
题
3.WhatdoesJeffBurnsteinsayabout押robots?
过
A.Theyhelpcompaniestorevive. B.Theyarecheaperthanhumans.
包
C.Theypreventjoblos密sesinaway. D.Theycompetewithhumanworkers.
绝
4.WhyareroboticsystemsreplacingsurgeonsinmoreandmoreoperationsaccordingtoDr.
前
MyriamCuret? 考
A.Theysavelotsofmoneyforthepatients.
B.Theybeathumansinprecision.
C.Theytakelesstimetoperformasurgery.
D.Theymakeoperationslesspainful.
5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutrobotics?
A.Itwillgreatlyenrichliterarycreation.
B.Itwillstartanewtechnologicalrevolution.
C.Itwillrevolutionizescientificresearch.
D.Itwillbeappliedinanyfieldimaginable.
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Passage3
How many children in the world have been exposed to dangerous levels of lead?
That’s a pressing question that has had no definitive answer until now. About 1 in 3
children have been exposed to lead at levels shown to damage their health and cognitive
development,accordingtoagroundbreakingreportthatis thefirsttodocumenttheproblem
globally.Thereport,producedbyUNICEF,“isthefirstreportofitskindandit’simportant,”
says Katarzyna Kordas, an environmental epidemiologist at the University of Buffalo who
studiestheeffectsoftoxicmetalexposuresinchildren.
The new reportfinds that some 800 million children worldwide have blood lead levels
6
6
at or above 5 micrograms per deciliter — a level considered causne for intervention by the
e
r
CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Amongotherhargms, leadexposureatthatlevel
n
a
has been linked to lasting decreases in cognition, includihng a 3-to-5 point drop in scores on
n
intelligencetests.“We’retalkingaboutamassiveproyb i lemthathasrippleeffects,obviously,
信
forthekids,butforsocietyatlarge,”Kordassa微ys.
加
Indeed,Kordas says oneof the strengths of the new reportis thatit highlights notonly
题
the health consequences of lead expo押sure but also the economic ones. The report cites one
过
analysis that found that over the lifetime of affected people, childhood lead exposure could
包
result in a loss of nearly $1密trillion in earnings in lower and middle-income countries in
绝
Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. That kind of economic argument may help
前
to add a sense of u考rgency in countries where combating childhood lead exposure has not
beenprioritized.
Lead exposure is particularly dangerous to children under 5, whose bodies absorb lead
much more efficiently than adults and are at greatest risk of suffering lifelong physical and
cognitive damage, the report notes. Childhood lead exposure has also been linked to
aggression, hyperactivity and other behavioral problems, notes Joseph Graziano, an expert
onleadpoisoninginchildren.“This hasbeenadecades’longsilentepidemic thathasreally
deprived generations of children of their full capabilities and their full economic potential,”
Grazianosays.
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WhileexposuretoelevatedlevelsofleadcontinuestobeaprobleminpartsoftheU.S.
like Flint, Mich., Graziano says “the Western world has taken it on head on.” As the new
report notes, blood lead levels in high-income countries have decreased dramatically since
leadin gasolineandpaintwas phasedout,butthey remain“dangerouslyhigh”in lower and
middle-income countries. Most of the children affected by lead exposure live in Africa and
Asia, though many live in Centraland South America and Eastern Europe, according to the
report.
1.WhatdoesJosephGrazianosayaboutleadexposure?
A.ItisparticularlyseriousinAfrica.
6
6
B.Itlimitschildren’screativeandeconomicpotential. n
e
r
C.ItisassociatedwithadropinIQtestscores. g
n
a
D.Ithasgreatereffectonchildrenthanonadult. h
n
2.Leadexposureisespeciallyharmfultochildrenundye i rtheageof_____.
信
A.2 B.4 微C.5 D.3
加
3.Howmanychildrenintheworldhavebeenexposedtodangerouslevelsoflead?
题
A.About600millionchildrenw押orldwide.
过
B.About3in5childrenworldwide.
包
C.Aboutathirdofthe密world’schildren.
绝
D.Thereisnodefinitiveanswer.
前
4.Whatcanwelea考rnfromthepassage?
A.LeadexposurecontinuestobeaprobleminAmerica.
B.Leadminingisthemajorsourceofexposure.
C.Leadexposureamongchildrenhaslongbeenresearched.
D.LeadexposurecanbereducedwiththehelpofUNICEF.
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheconsequenceofleadexposure?
A.Lossofsmell. B.Decreasesincognition.
C.Aggression. D.Hyperactivity.
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第三章 综合演练
一、单项选择
1.Theconference________afullweekbythetimeitends.
A.musthavelasted B.willhavelasted
C.wouldlast D.haslasted
2. Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at
regular________.
6
6
A.gaps B.rate C.length n D.intervals
e
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3.Physicsis________tothesciencewhichwascallednaturalgphilosophyinhistory.
n
a
A.alike B.equivalent C.likelhy D.uniform
n
4. His use of color, light and form quickly departyed i from the conventional style of his
信
______ashedevelopedhisowntechnique. 微
加
A.descendants B.predecessors C.successors D.ancestors
题
5. Daily expenses that exceed Westr押elin Corporation’s expense guidelines are not eligible
过
forreimbursement______authorizationisobtainedfromamanager.
包
A.unless B.e密xcept C.regardless D.without
绝
6. The new appointment of our president ________ from the very beginning of next
前
semester. 考
A.takeseffect B.takespart C.takesplace D.takesturns
7. The president made a _______ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting,
whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.
A.vigorous B.tedious C.flat D.harsh
8.Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent______whichapricechangewillaffectsupply
anddemand.
A.from B.with C.to D.for
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9.A 1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat______girls inschoolwasprobablythesingle
mosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.
A.assigning B.admitting C.involving D.enrolling
10.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell,butifyou_______,youwillsucceedintheend.
A.hangup B.hangabout C.hangon D.hangonto
11. ______ of the two subjects in the experiment realized that they were being given
placebosinsteadoftherealmedication.
A.Most B.Either C.Several D.Neither
12.Lastyeartheadvertisingrate________by20percent.
6
6
A.raised B.aroused C.arose n D.rose
e
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13. ________ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we shgould have a wonderful dinner
n
a
party. h
n
A.Hadtheyarrived
B.Wyi
ouldtheyarrive
信
C.Weretheyarriving 微D.Weretheytoarrive
加
14. The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were
题
_____andmanyhousescollapsed. 押
过
A.wrecked B.spoiled C.torn D.injured
包
15. I will ______ him that n密o methods were found for solving the conflicts associated with
绝
therefund.
前
A.announce 考B.talk C.mention D.remind
16. If you do not receive e-mail bank statements we send you monthly, we’ll contact you
______instead.
A.unanimously B.mainly C.cautiously D.directly
17.If Japan______its relationwith thatcountryitwill havetofindanothersupplier ofraw
materials.
A.precludes B.terminates C.partitions D.expires
18.______arecentsecurityalert,personalbelongingsshouldnotbeleftunattended.
A.Inspiteof B.Withregardto C.Dueto D.Asof
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19.Theydon’thaveanyideaabout______theyhavetodoalltheworkbythemselves.
A.what B.where C.why D.because
20.Themanager iswellaware ofafew otherproblems ______heknows we havehadwith
thecustomersinthepastfiveyears.
A.which B.those C.what D.whichever
二、阅读理解
Passage1
There are three countries that have sent spacecraft to the moon, the U.S., Russia and
6
6
the third which softlandeda rover there backin 2013is China.Bunt Chinahopesto become
e
r
the first country to explore the dark side of the moon or thegfar side. The part never faces
n
a
Earth. China has a mission plan this year, though a launchh date hasn’t been announced yet.
n
One problem with exploring the dark side of theym i oon is that there’s no easy way to
信
communicate with whatever kind of vehicle pe微ople put there. The moon itself would block
加
any signals coming from Earth. So to address that, China launched a satellite earlier this
题
year that will hang outin the moon’s押orbit acting like a relay station between the Earth and
过
the new rover that China’s planning to send to the moon later this year. The country is a
包
relativelylateentryintospac密eexploration.Chinadidn’tsenditsfirstsatelliteintoorbituntil
绝
1970. But over recent decades, it’s funneled billions of dollars into space research. It’s
前
hopingto ultimatel考y setup abase on the moon that’s run byrobots. And it’s also setting its
sightsonMars.Chinaishopingtosendsomespacecrafttherestartingin2020.
21.Whichcountryhasn’tsentspacecrafttothemoon?
A.Russia. B.China.
C.TheUnitedStates. D.TheUnitedKingdom.
22.Whyisitnoteasytoexplorethedarksideofthemoon?
A.ThedarksideisthefarthestpartfromtheEarth.
B.ThemoonwillblockanysignalscomingfromEarth.
C.ThedarksideneverfacesEarth.
D.Havetolaunchasatellitethatwillhangoutinthemoon’sorbit.
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Passage2
To:JeffreyBurns,President
From:MarkSpencer,VicePresidentOperations
Subject:OutsourceReprographic(复印的)Services
MXX Service has developed a first-rate reputation for providing business travelers
withthehotelingservices.Over thepastthreeyears,oursaleshaveincreasedapproximately
23percent.
The increased volume of business and the complexity of that business in the
reprographic area are both a positive and negative for us. It is positive because we generate
6
6
more income form work. The equipment is expensive. The negantive is that the customers
e
r
require equipment that has many more options than our cgurrent equipment. Also, our
n
a
equipment sometimes breaks down, and delays may dishsatisfy our customers. Our current
n
staffareveryeffectivebuttheyarenottrainedrepairyte i chnician.
信
Iwouldsuggestthatwecontactwith ano微utsideprovider tosupplyourfacility withthe
加
reprographics equipment we need. We could lease their equipment on a monthly or yearly
题
basis. This contact could also include押hiring a person to work on-site at MXX Services to
过
train our current personnelon the new equipment, serve as a repair technician, and do daily
包
reprographicswork.Thiswo密uldhelpincreaseproductivityandefficiency.
绝
I recommend that we do so as soon as possible, which benefits everyone. Please
前
contactmeifyouh考avequestionsabouttheproposal.
23.______maypreventMXXServicesfrommeetingthecustomers’needs.
A.Thelackofmoneytorepairtheequipment
B.Thelackofstaffinthereprographicsdepartment
C.Theinsufficientoptionforreprographics
D.Thepoorabilityofthestaff
24.WhatdoesMarkSpencersuggesttosolvetheproblem?
A.Hesuggeststhattheyleaseadvancedequipmentfromoutside.
B.Hesuggeststhattheyrepairthecurrentequipment.
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C.Hesuggeststhattheyhireatechniciantoreplacethecurrentstaff.
D.Hesuggeststhattheyinvestmoneytopurchasenewequipment.
25.Howtomakethestaffmoreefficient?
A.Byprovidingcoursesforthem.
B.Byhiringprofessionalrepairtechnicians.
C.Bytrainingthemonthenewequipmentandrepairingtheoldone.
D.Byincreasingtheirsalary.
Passage3
6
6
Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clocknthat controls behaviors.
e
r
The biologicalclocktells plantswhento formflowers andwhgentheflowers shouldopen.It
n
a
tells insects when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away, and it tells animals and
h
n
humanbeingswhentoeat,sleepandwake. yi
信
Events outside the plants and animals a微ffect the actions of some biological clocks.
加
Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur
题
because of the number of hours of d押aylight. In the short days of winter, its fur becomes
过
white.Thefurbecomesgraybrownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.
包
Inner signals control o密ther biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind
绝
of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration flight twice each year.
前
Birds prevented fro考m flying become restless when it is time for the trip, but they become
calmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.
Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhichpartofbraincontainsbiologicalclocks.
AnAmerican researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the
brain seem to control the timing of some of our actions. These cells tell a person when to
awaken, when to sleep and when to seek food. Scientists say there probably are other
biologicalclockcellsthatcontrolotherbodyactivities.
Dr. Moorhead is studying how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work.
Forexample,mostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustchangetodifferentworkhours.
Itcantake many days for ahuman bodyto acceptthemajor change in workhours.Dr.
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Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks
and how many affectworkers. He said such understanding could cutsickness andaccidents
atworkandwouldincreaseafactory’sproduction.
26.WhichofthefollowingsisNOTonlycontrolledbythebiologicalclockitself?
A.Someanimalschangethecolorofitsfurwhenseasonchanges.
B.Insectsbreakthroughcocoonsandflyaway.
C.Humanbeingsknowwhentoseekfood.
D.Birdsstarttheiryearlymigrationflight.
27.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthebiologicalclocks?
6
6
A.Humanheartsandbrainscontainbiologicalclocks. n
e
r
B.Thebiologicalclocksonlytellapersonwhentosleepgandwhentoseekfood.
n
a
C. Events outside living things can sometimes affhect the actions of some biological
n
clocks.
yi
信
D.Biologicalclockscontrolallthebehavi微orsoflivingthings.
加
28.Atinyanimalchangesthecolorofitsfurbecauseof_______.
题
A.theoutsidetemperature 押 B.sunshinehours
过
C.thelackoffood D.thesuddenfright
包
29. Birds prevented from f密lying become restless when it is time for the trip. The word
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“restless”canbebestreplacedby_______.
前
A.relaxed 考B.uneasy C.excited D.angry
30.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_______.
A.BiologicalSignals B.BiologicalChanges
C.BiologicalBenefits D.BiologicalClocks
Passage4
Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy (破产) protection is a sad, though not
unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer
photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to
thedigitalrevolution.
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Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency ( 自 满 ),” that
explanationdoesn’tacknowledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.
Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in
fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the
companychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.
It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at
HarvardBusinessSchool,butratherthatitfailedtoexecuteonastrategytoconfrontit.By
thetimethecompanyrealizeditsmistake,itwastoolate.
Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and
6
6
spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Lnarge companies have a
e
r
difficult time switching into new markets because there is ga temptation to put existing
n
a
assetsintothenewbusinesses. h
n
Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable riseyo i f digital photography, its corporate
信
(企业的)culture was too rooted in the success微es ofthe past for it to make the clean break
加
necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history
题
wassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirh押istoryhasbecomealiability.
过
Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company
包
commanded 90%of the mar密ket for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras.
绝
But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which
前
undermined Kodak考byoffering lower prices for film and photosupplies. Kodak’s decision
not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major
miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a
permanentfootholdinthemarketplace.
31.WhatdowelearnaboutKodak?
A.Itwentbankruptallofasudden.
B.Itisapproachingitsdownfall.
C.Itinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmindustry.
D.Itisplayingadominantroleinthefilmmarket.
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32.WhydoestheauthormentionKodak’sinventionofthefirstdigitalcamera?
A.Toshowitsearlyattempttoreinventitself.
B.Toshowitsefforttoovercomecomplacency.
C.Toshowitsquickadaptationtothedigitalrevolution.
D.ToshowitswilltocompetewithJapan’sFujiphoto.
33.Whydolargecompanieshavedifficultyswitchingtonewmarkets?
A.Theyfinditcostlytogiveuptheirexistingassets.
B.Theytendtobeslowinconfrontingnewchallenges.
C.Theyareunwillingtoinvestinnewtechnology.
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D.Theyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspast. n
e
r
34.WhatdoestheauthorsayKodak’shistoryhasbecome? g
n
a
A.Aburden. B.Amhirror.
n
C.Ajoke.
D.Ayi
challenge.
信
35.WhatwasKodak’sfatalmistake? 微
加
A.Itsblindfaithintraditionalphotography.
题
B.ItsfailuretoseeFujiphoto’se押mergence.
过
C.Itsrefusaltosponsorthe1984Olympics.
包
D.Itsoverconfidencein密itscorporateculture.
绝
前
Passage5 考
Controlled bleeding or cauterization? That was the unappealing choice facing UBS, a
Swiss bank which has been badly hurt by the carnage in America’s mortgage market. The
bank opted for the latter. First it opened the wound, by announcing a hefty $10 billion
write-down on its exposure to sub prime-infected debt. UBS now expects a loss for the
fourth quarter, which ends this month. Then came the hot iron: news of a series of
measures to shore up the bank’s capital base, among them investments from
sovereign-wealthfundsinSingaporeandtheMiddleEast.
Bad news had been expected. UBS’s third-quarter write-down of over SFr4 billion in
October looked overly optimistic compared with more aggressive markdowns at other
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banks such as Citigroup and Merrill Lynch. Steep falls in the market value of sub prime
debtsincetheendofthethirdquartermadeitcertainthatUBSwouldtakemorepain,given
its sizeable exposure to toxic collateralized-debt obligations. Analysts at Citigroup were
predictinginNovemberthatwrite-downsofuptoSFr14billionwerepossible.
Why then did this new batch of red ink still come as a shock? The answer lies not in
the scale of the overall loss, more in UBS’s decision to take the hit in one go. The bank’s
mark-to-model approach to valuing its sub prime-related holdings had been based on
payments data from the underlying mortgage loans. Although these data show a worsening
in creditquality, the deterioration is slower than mark-to-market valuations, which have the
6
6
effectofinstantlycrystallizingallexpectedfuturelosses. n
e
r
Thanks to this gradualist approach, UBS had been expgected to take write-downs in
n
a
managed increments of SFr2 billion-3 billion over a pheriod of several quarters. It now
n
appears that the bank has incorporated marketyv i alues into its model, sending its
信
fourth-quarter write-downs into orbit. The ch微ange of approach may be on the advice of
加
auditors and regulators but it is more likely to reflect a desire by UBS’s bosses to avoid
题
months of speculation about the bank押’s exposure, something that Marcel Rohner, the chief
过
executive,describedas“distracting”.
包
In a particular indignity密for a bank long associated with conservatism, concerns about
绝
the level of UBS’s capital ratio had even started to surface. Hence the moves to strengthen
前
its tier-one capital,考an important measure of bank solidity, by SFr19.4 billion, a great deal
more than the write-down. The majority of that money will come from sovereign-wealth
funds, the white knights of choice for today’s bank in distress. Singapore’s GIC, which
manages the city-state’s foreign reserves, has pledged to buy SFr11 billion-worth of
convertible bonds in UBS; an unnamed Middle Eastern investor will put in a further SFr2
billion. UBS will also raise money by selling treasury shares, and save cash by issuing its
2007dividendin theform ofshares.Its capitalratio isexpectedtoendupabove12%inthe
fourth quarter, a strong position. The majority of that money will come from
sovereign-wealthfunds,thewhiteknightsofchoicefortoday’sbankindistress.
Hopeful talk of lines being drawn under the sub prime crisis has been a feature of
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banks’ quarterly reporting since September. Marrying bigger-than-expected write-downs
with bigger-than-expected boosts to capital looks like the right treatment in this
environment. But UBS still cannot be sure that its problems are over. Further deterioration
inits subprimeassetvaluesis possible;thebroadereconomic impactofthecreditcrunchis
unclear; and the damage to the bank’s reputation cannot yet be quantified. The patient still
needswatching.
36.Theauthorusesthemetaphor“hotiron”toimplythat_____.
A.thosemeasureswilldomoreharmtoUBS
B.thosemeasureswillcauterizeUBS
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C.thosemeasureswillforcefullystopUBSfromfurtherloss n
e
r
D.thosemeasureswillcontrolbleedingofUBS g
n
a
37. Compared with the mark-to-market valuations, thhe mark-to-model approach could
n
_____.
yi
信
A.slowdowntheworseningincreditqua微lity
加
B.instantlycrystallizeallexpectedfutureloss
题
C.worsenthecreditquality 押
过
D.acceleratethedeteriorationincreditquality
包
38.ThereasonwhyMarcel密Rohnerthoughtthechangeofapproachwas“distracting”isthat
绝
_____.
前
A.thischange考wasunexpectedtotakeplaceinsuchasituation
B.thischangewasresultoftheadviceofauditorsandregulators
C.thischangewasunfavoritetoUBS
D.thischangewastakentomakepeopledispeltheirguess
39.Thephrase“thewhiteknights”mostprobablymeans______.
A.richpeople B.saviors C.generouspeople D.bravepeople
40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsUBS’sfutureis______.
A.optimistic B.pessimistic
C.uncertain D.noneoftheabove
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三、完形填空
Passage1
“A security measure recommended by many websites and apps is easily hackable,
potentially putting millions of people at risk,” researchers have claimed. Two-factor
authentication (认证) (2FA) involves sending text message confirmation codes to your
phone when you attempt to log on to an online service. But if someone can compromise
yourphone,thatwillalsogivethem__41__toyouronlineaccounts.
“SIMswapping(交换)”attacksdojustthat,allowinghackerstoportphonenumbersto
6
6
new SIM cards. Mobile phone networks should have security measures __42__ to prevent
n
e
this happening, but Kevin Lee at Princeton University and hgisrcolleagues found that five
n
major US networks don’t have sufficient protections. Onace a hacker has control of your
h
n
phone number, they can reset passwords on onliynie accounts by redirecting the 2FA
信
confirmation texts. “A stolen phone numb微er goes beyond just defeating a victim’s
加
two-factor authentication settings — itallows the attacker to fake as wellas denyservice to
题
thevictim,”saysLee. 押
过
The team also __43__ 140 different websites for their exposure to SIM swapping.
包
They found 17 large websi密tes — whose names have been redacted for safety — were
绝
“doubly insecure”, meaning didn’t ever need a user to insert their password to enter
前
accounts, simply re考quiringaphone number.The team presentedits findings to the networks
involved, making 10 recommendations to improve security, such as __44__ customer
support representatives from accessing information before the customer authenticates their
ownership of the account. Only one firm, T-Mobile, responded to the researchers, saying it
wouldreviewhowitauthenticatescustomers.
“Mostofthesewebsiteswith doublyinsecureconfigurationshavehundredsofmillions
of users, some even billions,” says Lee, so it wouldn’t be __45__ to reveal their names, he
says.Butifuserswerethinkingofturningoff2FA,theauthorssuggestthattheythinkagain.
“Attheendoftheday,it’sstillbetterthannothing,”saysLee.
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41.A.note B.availability C.solution D.access
42.A.insurprise B.onpurpose C.inplace D.ontime
43.A.created B.collected C.imitated D.analyzed
44.A.protecting B.removing C.preventing D.suspending
45.A.superior B.positive C.universal D.responsible
Passage2
HowtoBeaGameProgrammer
The most important characteristic for a computer programmer is6a love of games. You
6
mustalsolovebreakingagamedownintoitssmallestpartsandseneinghowthepartsfitinto
e
r
g
awhole.Youmusthavecreativeproblem-solvingskills.
n
a
A computer game __46__ many hands before it mhakes it to the store shelf. But the
n
yi
most__47__jobisthatoftheprogrammer.Ifyou信wanttobeagameprogrammer,youneed
微
to learn a computer language. The most popular languages are C and C++, but any
加
computer languages will work __48__ 题you know it well. You will also need a compiler,
押
which is a computer program that changes a computer language used by humans into a
过
languagethatacomputercanex包ecute,orperform.
密
Thebestwaytobegina(n)__49__asacomputergameprogrammeristowriteagame,
绝
andwrite oneas soon前aspossible.Itdoesn’thave tobeagoodgame.Itdoesn’thavetobea
考
complex game. It just needs to __50__. You can use this first game as a stepping-stone for
yournextgame.Yourfirstcomputergameispartofyourlearningcurve.
Continue to play games. Learn computer languages. Imagine complex story lines. And
mostimportantly,havefun!
46.A.holdsup B.keepsup C.seesthrough D.passesthrough
47.A.enjoyable B.reasonable C.critical D.initial
48.A.aslongas B.asif C.asfaras D.sothat
49.A.skill B.career C.software D.operation
50.A.work B.practice C.experience D.play
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