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拓展创新学程第二册 Unit 2 Building the future
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．fossil n．化石
2．dioxide n．二氧化物
3．scenario n．(pl.scenarios) 设想，方案，预测； ( 电影或戏剧的 ) 剧情梗概
4．infrastructure n. ( 国家或机构的 ) 基础设施，基础建设
5．grid n．系统网络，输电网，煤气输送网；网格，方格；格子，格栅，栅栏
6．optimize vt. 使最优化，充分利用；优化 ( 数据、软件等 )
7．degrade vt.降低，削弱(尤指质量)；使退化，使降解；降低……的身份，侮辱……的人
格，使受屈辱 vi.退化，降解，分解
8．landfill n． 垃圾填埋地 ( 或场 ) ；垃圾填埋；填埋的垃圾
9．dough n． ( 用于制面包和糕点的 ) 生面团
10．oven n．烤箱，烤炉
11．safeguard vt.& vi.保护，保障，捍卫
12．leftover n．吃剩的食物，残羹剩饭；遗留物，残存物 adj.剩下的，多余的
13．scatter vt.& vi.撒，撒播；散开，四散
14．tide n．潮，潮汐，潮水；潮流，趋势；怒潮；高涨的情绪
15．vanish vi.突然消失；不复存在，消亡，绝迹
16．dump vt.(尤指在不合适的地方)丟弃，扔掉，倾倒；丢下，抛弃 n．垃圾场，废物堆
17．tropical adj.热带的，来自热带的，产于热带的
18．surge n．奔涌向前，突然的向上运动；(强烈感情的)突发；(数量的)急剧上升，激增
vi.涌，汹涌；使强烈地感到；急剧上升，飞涨
19．refuge n．庇护，避难；收容所，避难所；庇护者，慰藉
20．inevitable adj.不可避免的，不能防止的；总会发生的，照例必有的，惯常的→evitable
adj.可以避免的
21．emit vt.发出，射出，散发→emission n．排放；(光、热、气等的)发出；射出；排放物；
散发物
22．accelerate vi.加速，加快 vt.使加速，使加快→acceleration n．加快；加速度；加速
23．implement vt.使生效，贯彻，执行，实施→implementation n．实施24．decompose v．分解→decomposition n．分解
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．dry up 枯竭，耗尽；干涸
2．open the door to 为 …… 提供达到目的的手段，为 …… 创造机会
3．wind up 以 …… 告终 ( 或终结 )
4．in hot water陷入困境
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．状语从句的省略
When not properly recycled，the batteries leak dangerous chemicals into the environment.
如果没有被合理回收，电池会将危险化学物质泄漏到环境中。
2．with的复合结构
With these challenges in mind，a future with renewable energy may be difficult to predict.
考虑到这些挑战，未来是否会使用可再生能源可能很难预测。
3．where引导的定语从句
A solar collector would be placed in a location where there is constant sunlight to capture higher
levels of solar energy for longer periods.
一个太阳能收集器将被放置在一个有恒定阳光的地方，以在更长时间内捕获更高水平的太
阳能。
4．完全倒装
Scattered across this ocean are thousands of islands.
在这片海洋上散布着成千上万的岛屿。
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The accelerating melting of the Himalayan glaciers threatens the water supply of millions of
people in Asia，new research warns.The study，led by the University of Leeds，concludes that
over recent decades the Himalayan glaciers have lost ice ten times more quickly over the last few
decades than that on average since the last major glacier expansion 400－700 years ago，a period
known as the Little Ice Age.
The study also reveals that the Himalayan glaciers are shrinking far more rapidly than
glaciers in other parts of the world—a rate of loss the researchers describe as “exceptional”．
The paper，published in Scientific Reports，made a reconstruction of the size and ice surfaces
of 14,798 Himalayan glaciers during the Little Ice Age.The researchers calculate that the glaciers
have lost around 40 per cent of their area—shrinking from a peak of 28,000 km2 to around 19,600
km2 today.The Himalayan mountain range is home to the world’s third-largest amount of glacier ice，
after Antarctica and the Arctic and is often referred to as “the Third Pole”．The acceleration of
melting of the Himalayan glaciers has significant impacts on hundreds of millions of people who
depend on Asia’s major river systems for food and energy.
The Himalayan glaciers are generally losing ice much faster in the eastern regions.The study
suggests this variation is probably due to differences in geographical features on the two sides of
the mountain range and their interaction with the atmosphere—resulting in different weather
patterns.
Dr Carrivick，the leader of the study，said，“While we must act urgently to reduce and
relieve the impact of human-made climate change on the glaciers and meltwater-fed rivers，the
modelling of that impact on glaciers must also take account of the role of factors such as lakes and
debris(杂物垃圾)．”
1．What may be the result of the accelerating melting of the Himalayan glaciers?
A．Himalayan is getting warmer.
B．The Arctic glaciers expand frequently.
C．The whole world is going towards Ice Age.
D．Asia’s water，food and energy is under threat.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The accelerating melting of the Himalayan glaciers
threatens the water supply of...”和第三段最后一句“The acceleration of melting of the
Himalayan glaciers has significant impacts on...”可知，喜马拉雅冰川加速融化的结果可能是
亚洲的水、粮食和能源受到威胁。故选D。
2．Why are the eastern regions of the Himalayan glaciers losing ice much faster?
A．Because of different landforms.
B．Because of the time of sunlight.
C．Because of the amount of glacier ice.
D．Because of the activities of mountain climbers.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的“The study suggests this variation is probably due to
differences in geographical features on the two sides of the mountain range and...”可知，喜马拉
雅山脉东侧的冰川融化速度更快是因为两侧的地形不同。故选A。
3．What can we learn from the text?
A．The Himalayan glaciers have lost ice since they existed.
B．The study came to its conclusion by doing experiments.
C．The Himalayan glaciers have the largest amount of ice.D．Climate change is the main cause of the melting of glaciers.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“While we must act urgently to reduce and relieve the
impact of human-made climate change on the glaciers and meltwater-fed rivers”可推知，冰川
加速融化的主因是气候变化。故选D。
4．What would be a suitable title for the text?
A．Asian People Are in Danger of Water Supply
B．The Eastern Region of Himalaya Melts Faster
C．Himalayan Glaciers Are Melting at an Unusual Rate
D．The Himalayan Mountain Range Has More Glacier Ice
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段内容可知，本文主要讲的是喜马拉雅冰川正
在以异常的速度融化，因此C选项能够概括文章主旨，适合作标题，故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
Desertification，the process by which fertile (肥沃的) land becomes desert，has severe
impacts on food production and is worsened by climate change. 1
Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8,000-kilometre-long forest across 11 of
the continent’s countries.The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight
climate change. 2 They include limited political support ， lack of money ， weak
organizational structures，and not enough consideration for the environment.Just 4 million
hectares(公顷) of land have been turned into forest since work on the Green Wall began 15 years
ago. 3
First proposed in 2005，the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean
in Western Africa to Eritrea，Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east. 4 It could also reduce levels of
climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide
from the air.Several countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project.
5 Eritrea，Ethiopia，and Sudan have all expanded their efforts.Ethiopia is producing
5.5 billion seedlings leading to thousands of hectares of restored land.Efforts in Eritrea and Sudan
have also resulted in nearly 140,000 hectares of newly planted forest.The UN desertification
agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8.2 million hectares yearly to reach its
goal of 100 million hectares by 2030.
A．But the project faces many problems.
B．That is only 4 percent of the programme’s goal.
C．A quarter of Africa is under threat of food shortage.
D．However，it is difficult to work on the Great Green Wall.
E．Some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent.F．Supporters hope that the project will create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.
G．The UN says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification，worse than
any other continent.
1．答案 G
解析 上文介绍了荒漠化的影响；下文介绍了遏制非洲的荒漠化进程的项目；G项(联合国
说，非洲有多达45%的土地受到荒漠化的影响，比其他任何大陆都严重。)起到承前启后的
作用，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。
2．答案 A
解析 上文提到该项目旨在遏制撒哈拉沙漠的扩张并应对气候变化，下文列举的是该项目
面临的困难，设空处与上文为转折关系，A项(但该项目面临许多问题。)符合语境，下文
的They指代A项中的many problems。上下文衔接连贯，故选A项。
3．答案 B
解析 上文提到该项目进展缓慢，B项(这仅仅是该计划目标的4%。)顺接上文，上文中的
Just和B项中的only的运用，表明该项目的进展实在太缓慢了，没有达到预想的速度。故
选B项。
4．答案 F
解析 根据上下文可知，此处陈述了该项目的好处，F项 (支持者希望该项目将在非洲农
村地区创造数百万的绿色就业机会。)承接上文，下文的It指代F项中的the project，副词
also的运用表明下文与F项为并列关系，故选F项。
5．答案 E
解析 根据下文可知，此处介绍了该项目在某些国家中的进展情况。E项(近年来，非洲大
陆东部取得了一些进展。)引出下文，符合语境，故选E项。
Ⅲ.应用文写作——邀请信
假设你是李华，请写一封电子邮件邀请你校的英国交换生Chris一起去参观周末的科
技展。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
参考范文
Dear Chris，
You being obsessed with science and technology，I am intended to invite you to visit a
technology exhibition held in our city with me this weekend.
It is an exhibition centering on artificial intelligence，which has become widely available to
society and made our life much more convenient.Some ground-breaking equipment，such as
automated agricultural gadgets ， will be displayed ， which have brought liberation fromexhausting labour.I am convinced this will be an intriguing and enriching experience，where you
can access related knowledge and welcome the new technology with open arms.
Please let me know if you are willing to come with me.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
