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拓展创新学程第二册 Unit 4 Law and order
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．dispute n．争论，辩论，争端，纠纷 vi.& vt.对……提出质询，对……表示异议(或怀
疑)；争夺，竞争；争论，辩论，争执
2．law-abiding adj.遵纪守法的，安分守己的
3．strive vi.(strove，striven)努力，奋斗，力争，力求
4．browse vi.& vt.浏览，翻阅；随便看看；搜寻信息，浏览信息
5．copyright n．版权，著作权 adj.受版权保护的，未经准许不得复制的
6．grant vt.(尤指正式地或法律上)同意，准予，允许；(勉强)承认，同意
7．trademark n．商标 vt. 把 …… 注册为商标
8．cellar n．地窖，地下室
9．tunnel n．地下通道，地道，隧道；(动物的)洞穴通道
10．exclaim vi.& vt.(尤因强烈的情感或痛苦而)惊叫，呼喊
11．shrug vt.& vi.耸肩 n．耸肩
12．penalty n．惩罚，处罚，刑罚；(对犯规者的)判罚，处罚；点球
13．hazard n．危险，危害
14．probation n．缓刑制，缓刑；试用期，见习期，考察期；试读
15．plead vi.& vt.表明认罪(或不认罪)；乞求，恳求；声援，支持；申辩，辩护；解释，
推说
16．exclusive adj. ( 个人或集体 ) 专用的，专有的，独有的，独占的； ( 团体、社团等 ) 排外的
17．confidential adj.机密的，保密的；隐密的，秘密的；受信任的，委以机密的
18．formula n．(pl.formulas or formulae)配方，处方，药方；方案，方法；公式；分子式；
配方奶；方程式
19．legislature n．立法机关
20．stained adj.满是污痕的，沾有污渍的
21．abolish vt.废除，废止→abolition n．废除；废止
22．amend vt.修正，修订→amendment n．(美国宪法的)修正案；(法律、文件等的)修订
23．bully v．恐吓；伤害；胁迫 n．仗势欺人者；横行霸道者→bullying n．霸凌，欺凌
24．conceive v．想出(主意、计划等)；想象；构想；设想→conceivable adj.可想象的，可
信的25．impulse n．冲动，心血来潮，一时的念头；动力，冲力，冲量；推动力，刺激
→impulsive adj.易冲动的；凭冲动行事的
26．hack vi.& vt.非法侵入(他人的计算机系统)→hacker n．黑客
27．infringe vt.& vi.侵犯，侵害(合法权益)；违背，触犯(法规)→infringement n．侵犯，违
反
28．mystery n．神秘的事物；不可理解之事；奥秘；谜；神秘→mysterious adj.神秘的，
奇怪的，不易解释的；陌生的；诡秘的，故弄玄虚的
29．narrate vt.讲(故事)，叙述；给(纪录片或节目)解说→narration n．(尤指小说、电影或戏
剧中的)叙述，讲述；解说；旁白→narrative adj.叙述的；叙事体的 n．描述，叙述
30．enforce vt.执行；强迫；强制执行；强行实施(法律或规定)；迫使→enforceable adj.强
制的→enforcement n．执行；实施
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．keep abreast of 了解最新情况，跟上 ( 某事物的发展 )
2．out of the way 不再挡路，不再碍事；结束，处理完；(用于否定句)奇特的，不寻常的，
罕见的
3．on end 连续地，不断地；竖着，直立着
4．reason sth out 通过思考想出对策，推理出 ( 结果 )
5．ring true给人以真实的印象
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．不定式短语作后置定语
This code was among the first to implement the concept “innocent until proven guilty”．
这部法典是最早实施“无罪推定”理念的法典之一。
2．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
Moreover，IP protection promotes an environment in which creative and innovative ideas can
grow.
此外，知识产权保护促进了一个创造性和创新性的思想可以成长的环境。
3．It be＋adj.＋that...
It was obvious to me that he had some strong motive for securing the situation.
在我看来，很明显，他有某种强烈的动机要得到这份工作。
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Committed to helping humans communicate with and understand as many species as
possible，a California-based non-profit organization，Earth Species Project(ESP) is taking the
lead.“We are species-independent，” Raskin said to The Guardian，adding that ESP is
developing translation algorithms(算法) that can be applied to biological systems of all kinds，
from worms to whales.Raskin acknowledges that the goal is similar to going to the
moon.Instead，the ESP roadmap involves solving a series of smaller problems to achieve the big
picture.These tools will assist researchers in revealing the secrets of species under study using
artificial intelligence.
Bees，for instance，do a special “waggle dance” to signal to each other that they should
land on a certain flower ， which is a form of non-verbal communication.A noisy social
environment can make it difficult to determine which animal is making the sound within a
group.This phenomenon is known as the “cocktail party problem”．
Though there are many challenges，some progress has been made，such as an algorithm
that can produce imitated animal sounds to talk directly with them.
“It’s making the AI speak the language，although we don’t know what it means yet，”
Raskin said.“These are the tools that allow us to understand entire communication systems.” As
we can see，artificial intelligence is once again being used by scientists to break barriers and open
new doors that would otherwise be unopenable.More and more scientists are turning towards
artificial intelligence for help in various fields，despite many well-known scientists warning that
AI must be controlled and looked over.
Last year，a former Google engineer claimed that the AI was sentient(有感知能力的)．
Although this isn’t likely to be the case，it shows just how far artificial intelligence has
progressed.Interestingly，and in a somewhat connection to ESP ，Professor Avi Loeb has
proposed that artificial intelligence developed by humans could one day identify Alien AI and
communicate with it.
语篇解读 本文为说明文。文章主要讲述了非营利组织ESP正在探索如何利用人工智能了
解更多物种的秘密。
1．Which statement would Raskin probably agree with?
A．The purpose of ESP is to land on the moon.
B．Researchers are studying independent animals.
C．Solving challenging problems is just the priority.
D．AI will offer humans help to understand animals.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段尤其是最后一句“These tools will assist researchers in
revealing the secrets of species under study using artificial intelligence.”可知，Raskin认为，通
过翻译算法等工具，人工智能将会帮助人类揭示被研究物种的秘密，由此可推知，选项 D
的论述应是Raskin赞成的。故选D。2．Why does the author mention “waggle dance” and “cocktail party problem”？
A．To show recent discoveries researchers made.
B．To demonstrate difficulties researchers face.
C．To reveal the secrets of species to the public.
D．To arouse readers’ interest in certain animals.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。分析前后文语境，再结合第四段“Though there are many challenges，
some progress has been made...”可推知，第三段中提到的“蜜蜂的摇摆舞”和“鸡尾酒会
问题”是举例，以说明科学家们要弄清各种生物的特性会遇到很多困难。故选B。
3．What can we know about AI in paragraph 5?
A．AI has been abandoned by scientists.
B．AI is gradually taking scientists’ place.
C．Scientists have different opinions of AI.
D．Problems can only be solved by AI alone.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段末句可知，有的科学家在利用人工智能做研究，有的科学
家对“使用人工智能”提出警告，由此可知，科学家们对人工智能的看法有所不同。故选
C。
4．What does Professor Avi Loeb imply in the last paragraph?
A．People need to lay great stress on the alien communication.
B．AI needs to be constantly updated to match alien technology.
C．We’ll be surely able to communicate with aliens aided by AI.
D．AI has a great potentiality in the field of scientific research.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“...Professor Avi Loeb has proposed that artificial
intelligence...could one day identify Alien AI and communicate with it.”可知，Avi Loeb教授认
为，人工智能可能会识别外星AI并与之进行交流，由此可推知，他暗示了人工智能具有巨
大的潜力。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
Oscar Wilde once said，“Man is least himself when he talks in his own person.Give him a
mask，and he will tell you the truth.”Art provides a way to communicate experiences when
people lack verbal(言语的) skills. 1 Art therapy(疗法) is founded on the assumption that
everyone is creative and capable of self-expression.
2 As a restorative practice，it allows people to express themselves in non-verbal
ways，such as drawing and painting.Even a 45-minute creative activity can change a person’smental state.Working with an art therapist does even more： 3
Young children typically draw ， sing and dance without worrying about their
abilities.Adults，however，often have complex feelings about art and art making.They begin to
evaluate the quality of their art instead of focusing on self-expression itself. 4 However，art
therapists can guide people in expressing themselves without caring whether their artworks are
technically brilliant，so that they can connect or reconnect with the artworks that help them deal
with life challenges.
What is art therapists’ superpower？They can channel dangerous thoughts into imaginative
artworks.For instance，people with violent tendencies might let out their anger by hitting another
human being. 5 These artistic choices satisfy the brain’s desire for novelty without
compromising personal safety.
A．Art therapy is a double-edged sword.
B．Thus，the many benefits of creative self-expression are lost.
C．They develop art as an expressive skill in solving problems.
D．But，obviously，releasing their anger in this way isn’t a good choice.
E．Art therapy，in its own way，can influence a range of human functioning.
F．It can significantly enhance positive moods and boost a feeling of well-being.
G．However，with art therapists’ help，their energy could be changed into creative products.
1．答案 C
解析 空前提到艺术为缺乏言语技能的人们提供了一种交流经历的方式；空后说明艺术疗
法是建立在每个人都有创造力和自我表达能力的假设之上，C项(他们把艺术发展成一种解
决问题的表达技巧)承上启下，将话题由“艺术”过渡到“艺术疗法”，符合语境，且C项
中的They指代前文的people。
2．答案 E
解析 设空处位于本段段首，应为本段的主题句。根据本段内容，特别是“it allows people
to express themselves in non-verbal ways”以及“Even a 45-minute creative activity can change
a person’s mental state.”可知，艺术可以影响人们表达自己的方式以及人们的精神状态。
E项(艺术疗法，以其自有的方式，可以影响一系列的人体机能)符合语境。
3．答案 F
解析 前文提到创造性活动可以改变人们的精神状态，根据设空处前的“Working with an
art therapist does even more”可知，此处与前文为递进关系，进一步阐述与艺术治疗师合作
可以对人们的精神状态产生何种影响。F项(它能显著增强积极情绪，提高幸福感)符合语境。
4．答案 B
解析 设空前提到，与孩子相比，成年人往往更注重艺术创作的质量，而不是关注自我表达本身；设空后则介绍了艺术治疗师在此种情况下能发挥的积极作用。由 However可知，
空后内容与设空处内容存在转折关系。B项(因此，创造性自我表达的许多好处就丢失了)与
前文构成因果关系，描述成年人的行为造成的消极后果，同时引出艺术治疗师的积极作用
符合语境。
5．答案 G
解析 设空前举例说明，有暴力倾向的人可能会通过打别人来发泄他们的愤怒；设空后则
提到艺术疗法的优势。G项(然而，在艺术治疗师的帮助下，他们的精力可以转化为有创造
性的作品)承上启下，针对前述示例提出解决办法，并引出后文对艺术疗法的评价，符合语
境。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day，Reuben，a 12-year-old boy，saw something in a shop window that set his heart
racing.The price—five dollars—was beyond his means，but he went in the shop anyway.
Poorly dressed，he went up and told the shopkeeper what he wanted，adding，“I don’t
have the money right now.Will you please hold it for me for some time？”
“I’ll try，” the shopkeeper smiled.“Folks around here don’t usually have money to
spend on such things.It should keep for a while.”
Reuben decided to raise the five dollars by himself.Walking along a side street，he had an
idea.People built their own houses in his town，using nails purchased in hessian sacks(粗麻袋)
from a local factory.The sacks were sometimes thrown away.Reuben knew he could sell them
back to the factory for five cents a piece.
Every day after school，Reuben went around the town，collecting nail sacks.The school
closed for the summer，and he was still wandering in the town，searching for his treasures.Often
he was tired and hungry ， but the thought of the object in the shop window kept him
going.Sometimes his mother Dora would ask：“Reuben，where were you? We were waiting for
you to have dinner.”
“Playing，Mum.Sorry.”
Dora would look at him in his face and shake her head.Boys!
One day in spring，he counted his coins and found he needed twenty cents more.He had to
find four sacks and sell them before the day ended.Late in the afternoon，just before the buyer
was about to close up，Reuben arrived and sold the four sacks.With the coins in his hand，he
murmured a “thank-you” and ran away.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
Clutching the five dollars，he headed for the shop.Dora opened it carefully and a lovely jewel box appeared.
参考范文
Clutching the five dollars，he headed for the shop.“I’ve got the money！” Reuben
declared to the shopkeeper.The man put the necklace into a delicate box，wrapped it in brown
paper，and then placed the box in Reuben’s hands.Holding the box，Reuben’s eyes glittered
with joy.After exchanging goodbyes with the shopkeeper，Reuben rushed home to surprise his
mother.“Mum! It’s for you！” Reuben exclaimed as he ran to her side.He placed the box in
her hand.
Dora opened it carefully and a lovely jewel box appeared.She couldn’t believe her eyes.She
took the pearl necklace out and cautiously put it on，tears of happiness beginning to blur her
vision.Dora had never received such a precious gift.It was the best Mother’s Day gift she had
ever received.Yes，she was indeed not rich，but she was indeed happy.With tears rolling down
her weather-beaten face，she smiled and scooped her son into her arms.
