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拓展创新学程第一册 Unit 1 Our living planet
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．probe n. ( 不载人 ) 空间探测器；探究；探测仪
2．marine adj.海的，海产的；海船的，海上贸易的
3．twilight n．暮色，黄昏；没落时期，衰退期 adj.朦胧的，模糊的
4．filter n． 过滤器；滤光器；筛选 ( 过滤 ) 程序 vt. 过滤； ( 用程序 ) 筛选
5．capture vt.俘获，捕获；用武力夺取，攻取；夺得，赢得 n．(被)捕获，(被)俘获
6．mate n．伴侣；伙伴 vi.交配
7．fluid n．液体，流体 adj.流畅优美的；易变的，不稳定的；流动的
8．await vt.等候，等待；将发生在，将降临到(某人头上)
9．leap n．跳跃；激增 vt.& vi.(leapt，leapt) 跳跃；猛涨；猛冲，突然做(某事)
10．spin vi.& vt.(spun，spun) (使)快速旋转；(使)急转身；纺(线) n．高速旋转
11．crack vt.& vi.砸开，砸碎；破裂，裂开；猛击；(使)发出爆裂声 n．裂纹，裂缝；爆
裂声
12．thrive vi.茁壮成长，蓬勃发展
13．form n．形状；表格；形式 vt.(使)组成；形成；构成→formation n．组成物；组成；
编队，队形
14．evolve vi.& vt.进化；逐渐演变→evolution n．进化；演变；发展
15．sole adj.唯一的；仅有的 n．鞋底→solely adv.仅，只，唯，单独地
16．reproduce v．复制；再现；繁殖；再生产→reproduction n．生殖，繁殖；复制品；录
制
17．scarce adj.缺乏的，稀少的→scarcely adv.勉强；几乎不；刚一……就……
18．pave vt.(用砖石)铺(地)→pavement n．人行道；石板铺的地面；路面
19．rotate v．(使)旋转；(人员)轮换，轮值→rotation n．旋转；一圈；轮换，交替
20．alter vt.& vi.(使)改变，更改；修改→alteration n．改变；变化；改动
21．mine n．矿井，矿→miner n．矿工
22．enlighten v．启发；开导；阐明→enlightening adj.让人受启发的→enlightenment n．启
发；启蒙运动
Ⅱ.核心短语1．in equal measure 在同样程度上
2．pave the way for 为……铺平道路，创造条件
3．lay down 积存；放下，停止使用
4．as yet 直到现在
5．close up ( 使 ) 变狭窄； ( 使 ) 靠拢，靠紧； ( 尤指临时 ) 关门停业
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．It is＋adj.＋that...
It is then surprising that many creatures can live in this extreme environment.
令人惊奇的是，许多生物可以生活在这种极端的环境中。
2．so...that...如此……以至于……
Also，some fish have both male and female organs to increase the chances of reproduction，as
fish are so scarce at these depths that it can be difficult for them to find a mate.
此外，一些鱼类同时拥有雄性和雌性器官，以增加繁殖的可能性，因为在这样的深度，鱼
如此稀少，以至于找配偶对它们来说很难。
3．动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式
Knowing that life can exist in these extreme conditions has changed scientific opinion about the
chances of there being life elsewhere in the universe.
认识到生命可以在这些极端条件下生存，改变了关于宇宙中其他地方有多大概率存在生命
的科学观点。
4．完全倒装
Of the many strange geological formations to be found here are rock bridges which cross the
Trench，some reaching a height of 2,500 metres above the Challenger Deep.
在这里发现的许多奇怪的地质构造中有横穿海沟的石桥，有些高度达到“挑战者深渊”上
方2 500米。
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
John “Charlie” Veron—widely known as “the Godfather of Coral Reef(珊瑚礁)”—is
a celebrated expert who has personally discovered nearly a quarter of the world’s coral species
and has spent the past 45 years diving Australia’s Great Barrier Reef.But now the 73-year-old is
raising the alarm about its future.The Great Barrier Reef，one of the natural wonders，is 2,300
kilometers long and is the only living organism that can be seen from space.It is considered a
World Treasure Site due to its biodiversity(生物多样性) with 30 species of whales，dolphins and
sharks.Within the reef itself，there are also a number of tiny organisms and fishes.
However，its health is threatened.After the recent mass bleaching(白化) events，Verondived in many areas of the Great Barrier Reef to see the damage for himself.“I was seeing and
feeling it and it was absolutely shocking，” he says.
Veron says the mass bleaching events in the past few years—and the possibility of losing one
of nature’s greatest treasures—were a wake-up call for the world in the wider battle against
climate change，which，together with the rising sea temperature，is considered the greatest
threats to the reef.
Fortunately，earlier this year，the Australian government announced nearly 400 million
dollars in new funding towards scientific projects designed to help the reef.
There has been criticism in Australia about the slow process for the funding.“It won’t be
wasted，though，” Veron says.“As scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank to
protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef.What the scientists hope to
do is to help nature along a bit after the big carbon dioxide increase is over and it starts to come
down.”
1．Why is the Great Barrier Reef considered a treasure site?
A．It is a natural wonder.
B．It can be seen from space.
C．It has a rich variety of species.
D．It is home to a great many fishes.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is considered a World Treasure Site due to its
biodiversity(生物多样性) with 30 species of whales，dolphins and sharks.”可知，大堡礁被认
为是一块宝地是因为其自身的生物多样性。故选C。
2．What’s Veron’s attitude to the future of the reef according to the last paragraph?
A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful.
C．Uncertain. D．Positive.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“As scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank
to protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef...”可知，对于大堡礁
的未来Veron持积极乐观的态度。故选D。
3．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Climate change is threatening biodiversity.
B．The Great Barrier Reef is in danger of extinction.
C．Scientists have found major factors in the reef’s bleaching.
D．Veron has made great contributions to environmental protection.
答案 B解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了大堡礁因为其生物多样性被认为是一块宝地；第二
三段讲述了大堡礁正在受到威胁；第四、五段介绍了澳大利亚政府为了帮助大堡礁所做的
努力以及专家Veron所持的观点态度。由此可知，本文主要介绍了大堡礁正在面临消亡的
危险，故选B。
4．What is the text?
A．A news report. B．A travel guide.
C．A research plan. D．A journal entry.
答案 A
解析 文章类型题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了大堡礁作为宝地的原因、正在受到威
胁的现状以及政府和专家对此现象所持的态度。由此可推知，本文属于新闻报道，故选
A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
In 2013，my husband Robin took a new job in Ghana.We relocated from London，where I
worked as a photographer，to the capital，Accra.Robin worked，but my visa didn’t permit me
to，and I was left homesick and lacking 1 .With few people around，I turned to 2 .I
photographed horses and considered the outdoors the place where I felt most 3 .
In September 2018，after one bad thunderstorm，I found a bird，barely a month old，on
the ground.He was 4 by his flock(群)．His eyes were shut，too young to 5 alone.I
placed him in a cardboard box and stayed up all night，researching how to 6 him.I spoke to
an expert who said it would take 12 weeks to prepare him for the 7 .
For the next 84 days，the 8 bird lived on me.He would fly alongside me.As he learned
to fly，he’d make short 9 from my hand，to my shoulder，and then settled on my hair.I
10 named him because I had to 11 myself that he needed to return to the wild.In return for
putting his life back on course，he 12 me by giving me purpose.Three months later，he
was 13 enough and flying farther from me.It was time for him to go.Then on a clear day
when his flock returned，Robin and I took him out and the little bird flew away with them.
14 him taught me how to live in the present.Last year，I joined local conservation
efforts.That，along with the 15 that any little creature can make a difference，is what he
left me.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在加纳偶遇一只离群的鸟并照顾它，让它的
生活回归正轨，同时这只鸟也给了作者人生的目标。
1．A.purpose B．interest
C．experience D．confidence
答案 A
解析 根据该句中的“but my visa didn’t permit me to，and I was left homesick”并结合第三段中的“giving me purpose”可推知，作者的签证不允许她工作，她很想家，没有目标。
故选A。
2．A.family B．sports
C．nature D．school
答案 C
解析 根据下文“I photographed horses and considered the outdoors the place where I felt most
.”可知，此处为由于周围人很少，作者转向了大自然。故选C。
3．A.grateful B．alive
C．stressed D．scared
答案 B
解析 根据上文提到的周围人很少以及该句中的“I photographed horses”可推知，此处为
作者给马拍照，认为户外是她最有活力的地方。故选B。
4．A.envied B．controlled
C．recognized D．abandoned
答案 D
解析 根据上文“I found a bird，barely a month old，on the ground”以及下文“His eyes
were shut，too young to alone.”可推知，此处为他被他的鸟群抛弃了。故选D。
5．A.survive B．fight
C．escape D．play
答案 A
解析 根据句意以及下文“I placed him in a cardboard box...”可推知，此处为他太幼小，无
法独自生存。故选A。
6．A.go with B．care for
C．focus on D．speak about
答案 B
解析 根据上文提到的小鸟太幼小而无法独自生存以及该句中的“I placed him in a
cardboard box and stayed up all night”可推知，此处为作者把他放在一个纸板箱里，整晚没
睡，研究如何照顾他。故选B。
7．A.travel B．stay
C．wild D．change
答案 C
解析 根据句意以及下文“because I had to myself that he needed to return to the
wild”可知，此处为他需要12周的时间来为野外生活做准备。故选C。
8．A.rare B．lazy
C．proud D．tiny答案 D
解析 根据上文提到的“a bird，barely a month old”以及“too young to alone”
可知，此处指这只“小”鸟。故选D。
9．A.noises B．dances
C．flights D．stops
答案 C
解析 根据该句中的“As he learned to fly”可知，此处为“当他学习飞行时，他会从我的
手上飞到我的肩膀上，然后停在我的头发上”。故选C。
10．A.kindly B．cheerfully
C．once D．never
答案 D
解析 根据句意以及该句中的“that he needed to return to the wild”可推知，此处为“我从
来没有给他起过名字，因为我必须提醒自己，他需要回到野外”。故选D。
11．A.remind B．promise
C．cheat D．motivate
答案 A
解析 参考上题解析。故选A。
12．A.attracted B．honored
C．shocked D．rewarded
答案 D
解析 根据该句中的“In return for putting his life back on course”以及“giving me
purpose”可推知，此处为“作为我让他的生活重回正轨的回报，他给了我人生的目标”。
故选D。
13．A.high B．strong
C．smart D．calm
答案 B
解析 根据句意以及该句中的“and flying farther from me”可推知，此处为“三个月后，
他足够强壮，飞得离我更远了”。故选B。
14．A.Raising B．Tolerating
C．Evaluating D．Amusing
答案 A
解析 根据上文“For the next 84 days，the bird lived on me.”可知，此处指作者
养这只小鸟的经历。故选A。
15．A.secret B．message
C．news D．lesson答案 D
解析 根据上文提到的抚养小鸟教会了作者如何活在当下以及上文“Last year，I joined
local conservation efforts.”可推知，此处为“这一点，以及任何小生物都可以改变世界的道
理，就是他留给我的”。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Hangzhou will build a world-class ecological and cultural tourism corridor in connection
with Anhui Province’s Huangshan City.Five towns in Hangzhou’s Chun’an County and five
towns in Huangshan’s Shexian County 1. (include) according to the prepared
plan.In ancient times ， they were part of Huizhou region where the Xin’an River runs
through.Dating back to the Tang Dynasty(CE 618－907)，a trail 2. (link)
Hangzhou’s Tianmu Mountain and Huangshan’s Yellow Mountain was formed to exchange
goods 3. the two regions.
Over the years，Hangzhou and Huangshan 4. (preserve) their unique
architecture and local ways of life in old villages，making this area popular with tourists.The
villages have resisted the winds of change 5. swept across many other parts
of China.In addition to architecture，the natural environment is also being protected，with
sewage(污水) 6. (treat) and new infrastructure being built.
These improvements are attracting more tourists and creating 7. engine for the
local economy.Moreover，for those who love hiking，jogging or cycling，the Thousand Islands
Lake in Chun’an County is an ideal destination 8. it boasts 1,078 islands，
winding roads and charming villages.
In 9. (add)，Hangzhou will also increase forest coverage along the river in
partnership with Huangshan ， which perfectly matches President Xi Jinping’s concept of
“Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” to highlight a 10.
(harmony) relationship between ecological protection and economic development.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杭州准备搭建一条沟通它与安徽黄山市的生态
文化长廊，以及打造它的历史和现实意义。
1．答案 are included
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语；根据语境，应用
一般现在时，表示客观事实；主语是“Five towns in Hangzhou’s Chun’an County and five
towns in Huangshan’s Shexian County”，与“include”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，
be动词为复数形式。故填are included。
2．答案 linking
解析 考查非谓语动词。根据句中谓语“was formed”可知，此处应为非谓语动词，作定
语修饰名词“trail”，且link与其构成主动关系，故应用现在分词形式。故填linking。3．答案 between
解析 考查介词。分析句子可知，此处应为介词，表达“在两地之间”交换货物，应用介
词between。故填between。
4．答案 have preserved/have been preserving
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语；根据句中时间状语
“Over the years”可知，应用现在完成时，结合语境，也可用现在完成进行时，表示动作
一直持续进行；主语为“Hangzhou and Huangshan”，谓语应为复数形式。故填 have
preserved/have been preserving。
5．答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句关系词。分析句子可知，“ swept across many other parts of
China”为定语从句，修饰先行词“the winds of change”，故空处应为关系词，在从句中作
主语，应用关系代词that/which。
6．答案 being treated
解析 考查非谓语动词。根据介词“with”可知，此处应为非谓语动词，一起构成with复
合结构，名词“sewage”与treat构成被动关系；根据“and”并结合语境可知，此处与
“being built”为并列关系，表示“正在被处理”。故填being treated。
7．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。分析句子可知，此处应用冠词，修饰名词“engine”，表示创造“一
个”推动力，应用不定冠词；因“engine”发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。故填
an。
8．答案 as/because/since/for
解析 考查连词。分析句子可知，此处应为连词；根据语境，引导原因状语从句，表示
“因为”。故填as/because/since/for。
9．答案 addition
解析 考查名词。由介词“In”可知，此处应为名词；固定短语in addition意为“此外”。
故填addition。
10．答案 harmonious
解析 考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“relationship”，
表示“和谐的”。故填harmonious。
