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拓展创新学程第二册 Unit 1 Beware and take care
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．variant n．变种，变体，变形
2．medication n．药，药物
3．multiply vi.& vt.成倍增加，迅速增加；乘，乘以；(使)繁殖，增殖
4．mask n．口罩，面罩，面具；假面具；面膜；伪装，掩饰vt.掩饰，掩藏
5．symptom n．症状；征候，征兆
6．pandemic n． ( 全国或全球性 ) 流行病，大流行病 adj.大范围流行的
7．cybercrime n．网络犯罪
8．dose n． ( 药的 ) 一剂，一服；一份，一次，一点
9．span n．持续时间；范围 vt.持续，贯穿；包括，涵盖；横跨
10．patch n． 修补 ( 程序 ) ，补丁
11．excessive adj.过分的，过度的
12．interfere vi.干涉，干预，介入
13．ventilation n．通风
14．infect vt.传染，使感染；影响→infection n．感染；传染→infectious adj.传染性的
15．transmit vt.传播，传染；传(热、声等)，透(光等)；传送，输送 vi.传送，输送
→transmission n．传输；传递；传送；传达；传染；(电子信号、信息或广播、电视节目
的)播送
16．irritate vt.刺激；使烦恼→irritation n．生气，气恼，恼怒(尤指事情无法轻松阻止或控
制时)；恼人事；烦心事；刺激→irritating adj.恼人的；使人生气的→irritated adj.生气的；
恼怒的
17．prescribe vt.让……采用(疗法)，给……开(药)，开(处方)；规定，命令，指示
→prescription n．处方，药方；计划；建议
18．attach v．贴上；把……固定，把……附(在……上)；重视；认为有重要性(或意义、价
值、分量等)→attached adj.依恋；爱慕；附属于→attachment n．(用电子邮件发送的)附件；
依恋，爱慕；(机器的)附件；连接，连接物；暂时隶属于
19．order n．顺序；次序；条理；命令 v．命令；指挥；要求；订购；点(酒菜
等)→disorder n．失调，紊乱，疾病；杂乱，混乱，凌乱；骚乱，动乱
20．exhibit vt.表现，显示，显出(感情、品质或能力)；展览，展出 vi.展览，展出 n．(一件)展览品，陈列品→exhibition n．展览；展出
21．chill n．着凉，受寒；寒冷，寒意，凉意→chilly adj.寒冷的；阴冷的
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．pull together 齐心协力，通力合作
2．join forces with 同 …… 联合，与 …… 合作
3．in record time以最快的速度
4． do one ’ s worst 进行最大破坏，使尽最坏的招数
5．part with放弃，交出
6．drop one’s guard放松警惕
7．fight off 抵抗，击退
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．what引导的主语从句
What makes this disease even more dangerous is that infected people who show no symptoms
may become unknowing carriers and spreaders of the virus.
使这种疾病更加危险的是，无症状感染者无意中可能会成为病毒携带者和传播者。
2．while引导的让步状语从句
While humankind has made great progress in the fight against various types of infectious diseases,
we still cannot live in a world completely free of them.
尽管人类已经在与多种传染性疾病的斗争中取得重大进步，但我们仍然无法生活在一个完
全没有传染病的世界。
3．“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装
Only by working together，while accepting our individual responsibilities，can we solve both
national and global problems.
只有共同努力，同时承担个人责任，我们才能解决国家和全球问题。
4．be of＋抽象名词
First of all，drug education is of vital importance.
首先，毒品教育是至关重要的。
5．the＋比较级...，the＋比较级．..
The more you know about the terrible consequences of taking drugs，the more likely you are to
stay away from them.
你越了解吸毒的可怕后果，就越会远离毒品。
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
We all know eating ultra-processed foods—such as sauces，and frozen pizza—isn’t goodfor our health.Studies have found they can raise our risk of obesity，heart problems，diabetes
and cancer.They may even shorten our lives.Now，a new study has revealed eating more ultra-
processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline ，including the brain executive
functioning—the ability to process information and make decisions.
“While in need of further study，the new results are quite compelling and emphasize the
critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for
brain diseases，” said Tanzi，professor at Harvard Medical School.“They are very high in
sugar，salt and fat，promoting systemic inflammation(发炎)，perhaps the most major threat to
healthy aging.Meanwhile，since they are convenient and quick，they also replace fiber foods
important for maintaining the health and balance of bacteria in your gut ， ” added
Tanzi，“which is particularly important for brain health and reducing risk of age-related brain
diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.”
The study followed over 10,000 Brazilians for 10 years.“In Brazil，ultra-processed foods
make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake.We have McDonald’s and Burger King.It is not very
different from many other Western countries，” said coauthor Dr.Suemoto.Ultra-processed
foods are defined as “industrial formulations of food substances containing little or no whole
foods and typically include flavorings，colorings and other chemical additives”，according to
the study.
“People consuming over 20% of daily calories from processed foods had a 28% faster
decline in global cognition and a 25% faster decline in executive functioning compared to people
who not，” said study co-author Natalia.Those in the study who ate the most ultra-processed
foods were “more likely to be younger，women，white，had higher education and incomes，
and were more likely to have never smoked，” the study found.
“People need to know they should cook more，” Suemoto said.“And it’s worth it
because you’re going to protect your heart and guard your brain，” she added.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，吃更多的超加工食品可能会导致整体认
知能力下降，包括大脑执行功能——处理信息和做出决定的能力。文章解释了研究开展的
过程、发现以及人们对此研究的看法。
1．What does the underlined word “compelling” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Convincing. B．Surprising.
C．Suspicious. D．Invaluable.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“While in need of further study”以及后文“and
emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and
reducing risk for brain diseases”可知，while引导让步状语从句，说明“尽管还需要进一步的研究，但新的研究结果相当令人信服”符合语境。故选A。
2．What do we know from the passage?
A．Whoever never cooks is sure to develop Alzheimer.
B．Ultra-processed foods only affect your executive function.
C．Tanzi is the first to find the problem with ultra-processed foods.
D．Brazilians’ calorie intake is not different from most westerners.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In Brazil，ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of
total calorie intake.We have McDonald’s and Burger King.It is not very different from many
other Western countries.”可知，巴西人的卡路里摄入量与大多数西方人没有什么不同。故
选D。
3．Who is likely to eat more ultra-processed foods?
A．An old beggar. B．A heavy smoker.
C．A young professor. D．A low-income man.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Those in the study who ate the most ultra-processed foods
were ‘more likely to be younger，women，white，had higher education and incomes，and
were more likely to have never smoked，’ the study found.”可知，一位年轻的教授可能会
吃更多的超加工食品。故选C。
4．What’s the main idea of this passage?
A．Ultra-processed foods can harm your health.
B．Fiber foods can reduce the risk of Alzheimer.
C．Fiber foods may maintain the balance of bacteria.
D．Ultra-processed foods will lead to cognitive decline.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。综合分析文章并根据第一段中“Now，a new study has revealed eating
more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline，including the brain
executive functioning—the ability to process information and make decisions.”可知，文章介绍
了一项新的研究发现，即：吃更多的超加工食品可能会导致整体认知能力下降。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Sergio Peralta always dreamed about playing catch.However，his right hand didn’t fully
1 .Ever since he was a child，his classmates have asked about his hand，and some have even
2 him.Computer science teacher Jeff Wilkins noticed Peralta was the only student who 3
his mouse to the left side of his keyboard.He then saw Peralta didn’t have a right hand.
When Wilkins 4 Peralta and his mother about a prosthetic(假肢的) hand，theyexpressed interest but knew building one could be 5 for a high school class.In early
November，Wilkins 6 assigned three of his students to the project.“I didn’t want to get
his 7 up.I’d rather under-promise and over-deliver on something like this，” Wilkins
said.The group did so while keeping their 8 a secret.They measured classmates’ hands to
calculate Peralta’s 9 fit.
After working for about a week，the students used the school’s 3D printer to 10 a
model.Students said they 11 Peralta wouldn’t like the hand，but the moment he 12
the model ， he could bend his fingers.Then Wilkins threw him a yellow rubber ball
repeatedly.Students yelled in 13 when he finally caught the ball.Peralta said he only 14
the prosthetic hand when he sleeps.“This just showed me a different way to 15 the
community through my knowledge，” said Jaramillo，a senior who involved in the class
project.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一群学生使用3D打印技术帮助右手残疾的学生
Peralta制作了假手，恢复了正常生活的故事。
1．A.raise B．develop
C．change D．connect
答案 B
解析 根据下文“He then saw Peralta didn’t have a right hand.”可知，Peralta右手残疾，
由此推知他出生时右手没有完全发育，故选B。
2．A.convinced B．defeated
C．teased D．admired
答案 C
解析 根据上文“Ever since he was a child，his classmates have asked about his hand，and
some have even...”可知“甚至取笑他”符合语境，故选C。
3．A.cycled B．reserved
C．moved D．kicked
答案 C
解析 根据下文“his mouse to the left side of his keyboard”可知，鼠标通常都是在键盘的右
侧，而Peralta没有右手，他只能把鼠标移动到键盘左侧，故选C。
4．A.approached B．suspected
C．observed D．advertised
答案 A
解析 根据下文“they expressed interest”可知，威尔金斯与Peralta和他的母亲接洽，沟通
假手一事。approach在此处意为“接洽，建议，要求”。故选A。
5．A.rewarding B．inspiringC．approving D．challenging
答案 D
解析 根据上文“they expressed interest but knew building one could be”中的but表转折可
知，制作假手对高中生来讲是有“挑战性的”，符合语境。故选D。
6．A.randomly B．deliberately
C．temporarily D．secretly
答案 D
解析 根据下文“The group did so while keeping their a secret.”可知，这个项目
是秘密进行的，故选D。
7．A.fears B．hopes
C．demands D．doubts
答案 B
解析 根据下文“I’d rather under-promise and over-deliver on something like this”可知，威
尔金斯不希望Peralta对此抱太大希望，故选B。
8．A.attention B．memories
C．progress D．conflicts
答案 C
解析 根据下文“They measured classmates’ hands to calculate Peralta’s fit.”
可知，他们通过测量同学的手的方式计算出Peralta的最佳尺寸，由此可推理出他们对工作
的进展情况保密，故选C。
9．A.typical B．ideal
C．normal D．familiar
答案 B
解析 根据上文“They measured classmates’ hands to calculate”可知，他们通过测量同学
的手的方式进行精确计算，目的是计算出Peralta的最佳尺寸，故选B。
10．A.create B．select
C．deliver D．save
答案 A
解析 根据上文“3D printer”以及下文“a model”可推理出学生们使用3D打印机制作模
型，故选A。
11．A.remembered B．worried
C．argued D．regretted
答案 B
解析 根据下文“Peralta wouldn’t like the hand”可知，学生们担心Peralta会不喜欢这只
手，故选B。12．A.turned up B．searched for
C．put on D．threw away
答案 C
解析 根据下文“he could bend his fingers”可推理出他戴上了模型，故选C。
13．A.horror B．excitement
C．disappointment D．anxiety
答案 B
解析 根据下文“when he finally caught the ball”可知，Peralta使用假手接住了球，说明学
生们成功了，于是兴奋地大叫，故选B。
14．A.removes B．trains
C．researches D．replaces
答案 A
解析 根据下文“when he sleeps”可知，睡觉的时候不使用假手，需要摘下来，故选A。
15．A.explore B．disturb
C．view D．help
答案 D
解析 根据下文“a senior who involved in the class project”可知这名学生参与了该项目，
因此此处指用不同的方式来帮助社区，故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world.Who doesn’t long for a
favorite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept 1. (concern) Chinese food
which is almost unheard of in the West，and which is becoming 2. (increasing)
ignored by the youth of the East—the ancient custom of “tonic(滋补的) food”．
3． is known to us，tonic food is food that is consumed to improve one’s well-
being or avoid sickness.For instance，it was once a custom for new mothers 4. (eat) a
sesame oil hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth.It was a general 5.
(believe) that this dish would benefit the muscles，reduce pain，improve circulation，stimulate
sweating，and warm the body.Some foods，such as goat meat，are seen as “hot”，6.
others，such as Chinese cabbage，are seen as “cold”．One should be careful not to eat too
much of either “hot” or “cold” food.However，how much “hot” or “cold”
food one should eat 7. (depend) on the time of the year，how the food is prepared
and what it is prepared with，and the individual’s health.
The custom of employing tonic foods 8. a healthier life also influences the catering
industry.Chinese herbal medicines，such as wolfberries(枸杞)，can be found on many a
restaurant menu，either 9. (add) to fruit tea or as a very 10. (benefit) addition
to a dish.These herbs attract customers，such as overworked office staff，in need of a modestpick-me-up(提神的东西)．
1．答案 concerning
解析 考查介词。后跟名词作宾语，表示“关于”应用介词concerning。故填concerning。
2．答案 increasingly
解析 考查副词。修饰动词ignore应用副词作状语。故填increasingly。
3．答案 As
解析 考查固定短语。结合语境可知，此处表示“众所周知”，应用as is known to sb，as
引导非限制性定语从句。句首单词首字母要大写。故填As。
4．答案 to eat
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型“it be＋n.＋for sb＋to do sth”，
it为形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故填to eat。
5．答案 belief
解析 考查名词。此处作表语，表示“信念，认为”应用名词belief，冠词a提示用单数。
故填belief。
6．答案 while
解析 考查连词。此空前面“Some foods...are seen as ‘hot’”与后面的“others...are seen
as ‘cold’”表示对比。故填while。
7．答案 depends
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。根据后文is可知为一般现在时，且主语为how much “hot”
or “cold” food one should eat，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填depends。
8．答案 for
解析 考查介词。结合语境和句子结构可知，此处应用介词for表示“为了”。故填for。
9．答案 added
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处add与其逻辑主语wolfberries构成被动关系，应使用过去分
词。故填added。
10．答案 beneficial
解析 考查形容词。修饰空后名词addition，应用形容词作定语。故填beneficial。
