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拓展创新学程第三册 Unit 2 Thinking out of the box
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．beam n． 光线， ( 电波的 ) 波束， ( 粒子的 ) 束；梁；平衡木
2．paradox n． 似非而是的隽语，悖论，悖论修辞；矛盾的人 ( 或事物、情况 )
3．spark vt.引发，触发
4．curve n．曲线，弧线，曲面，弯曲
5．stock vt.贮备，贮存(食物、书籍等)；存货 n．(商店的)现货，存货，库存；储备物，备
用物，供应物
6．bin n． ( 有盖 ) 大容器，箱，柜；垃圾箱
7．laser n．激光器
8．craft n．手艺，工艺；技巧，技能，技艺；诡计，手腕，骗术
9．mindset n．观念模式，思维倾向
10．entrepreneur n．创业者，企业家
11．lens n． 透镜，镜片； ( 眼球的 ) 晶状体
12．spectacle n． ( pl .) 眼镜；精彩的表演，壮观的场面；壮观的景象
13．magnify vt.放大；扩大，增强
14．frame n．眼镜框；框架；构架，支架，骨架；体形，身材
15．anonymous adj.不知姓名的，名字不公开的；匿名的，不具名的
16．accessory n． ( 衣服的 ) 配饰；附件，配件，附属物
17．thread n． ( 棉、毛、丝等的 ) 线；线索，脉络，思路，贯穿的主线 vt.穿成串，串在一
起；穿 ( 针 ) ，纫 ( 针 ) ，穿过
18．loop vt.使成环，使绕成圈 n．环形，环状物，圆圈
19．counterbalance vt. 抗衡，抵消，对 …… 起平衡作用
20．perch vi. 置于 ( 顶上或边上 ) ；栖息，停留
21．pinch vt.捏住，夹紧；拧，捏，掐
22．clip vi.& vt.夹住，别住，被夹住 n． ( 金属或塑料的 ) 夹子，回形针；首饰别针
23．stem n． ( 葡萄酒杯、花瓶等的 ) 颈，柄，脚
24．clamp vi.紧紧抓住，紧夹住
25．engrave vt. 在 …… 上雕刻 ( 字或图案 )
26．literacy n．读写能力27．trace vt.追溯，追究；查出，找到，发现，追踪；描绘(事物的过程或发展)，追述，记
述 n．痕迹，遗迹，踪迹；微量，少许
28．disassemble vt.& vi.拆卸，拆开
29．hypothetical adj.假设的，假定的→hypothesis(pl.hypotheses) n．(有少量事实依据但未
被证实的)假说，假设；(凭空的)猜想，猜测
30．intuition n．直觉→intuitive adj.凭直觉得到的，直觉的；有直觉力的
31．disprove vt.证明……是错误(或虚假)的→(反) prove v．证明；证实；原来是
32．unease n．不安；忧虑→uneasy adj.不安的；令人不安的；担心的→uneasily adv.不稳
定地，靠不住地，不确定地；不安地
33．marvel n．令人惊异的人(或事)，奇迹→marvellous adj.令人惊奇的，奇特的，非凡的；
奇迹般的
34．controversy n．(公开的)争论，争议，论战→controversial adj.引起争论的；有争议的
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．eager beaver干活特别卖力的人，对工作极有热忱的人
2．from scratch从头开始，从零开始
3．catch on 受欢迎，流行起来，变得时髦
4．at rest静止，不动；安息，长眠
5．in essence本质上，大体上，其实
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．as引导的非限制性定语从句
This intuitive thinking later played an important role in the development of his special theory of
relativity，as Einstein acknowledged in his 1949 Autobiographical Notes.
正如爱因斯坦在1949年的《自传笔记》中承认的那样，这种直觉思维后来在他的狭义相对
论的发展中发挥了重要作用。
2．过去分词短语作后置定语
Unfortunately ， now that we’ve tackled the technological problem of helping people see
clearly，we face an ethical dilemma posed by the development of smart glasses，which are
wearable computers in essence.
不幸的是，现在我们已经解决了帮助人们看清事物的技术问题，我们就面临着智能眼镜的
发展带来的道德困境，智能眼镜本质上是可穿戴计算机。
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Cars powered by batteries made from seawater and planes fueled by ammonia(氨) will
become common over the next 10 years，Bill David，a professor of materials chemistry haspredicted.
Most batteries for electric cars and smartphones are powered by lithium(锂)，which has to
be mined，but David thinks that they will be overtaken by batteries made from sodium(钠)，
which can be obtained from seawater and salt.The future of air travel could also be greener thanks
to biofuels.
David said，“We are developing an ammonia-based plane.In principle，we can improve on
an Airbus A320 or a Boeing 787 and essentially replace jet fuel with ammonia.”
David said that batteries could，at first，combine sodium and lithium，as sodium was not
quite as powerful as lithium but is much more sufficient.“It’s not quite perfect in terms of
performance，so we need both，” David said.“Sodium is on the way up and most electric cars
have had a combination of lithium and sodium batteries in them.My estimate is that by 2040 I
would not be surprised if there were ten times more sodium batteries than lithium ones，maybe
even 100 times.”
The first generation of mass-produced sodium batteries has been used for an electric car for
the first time.Sodium will not be the final answer to eco-friendly air travel，however，which is
why David’s team is looking into the use of ammonia.Some companies are looking into whether
jet fuel can be replaced with hydrogen ，but David sees ammonia as more sustainable.He
said，“If you do the sums，then at 500mph you get the same amount of power as jet fuel，but
just 40 per cent of the range.However，even with the range hit，a 787 could still go from London
to New York.”
However，a report from the Royal Society on net-zero aviation，which David co-wrote，
says that replacing jet fuel with biofuel would require half of the agricultural land in the UK.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了英国材料化学教授比尔·戴维对未来的预测，他认
为未来10年内，使用从海水和盐中提取的钠制造的电池以及使用氨作为燃料的飞机将会普
及。
1．What is an advantage of sodium batteries?
A．Their performance is easy to improve.
B．Their raw material is easily accessible.
C．They are widely applied to various vehicles.
D．They are more powerful than other batteries.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Most batteries for electric cars and smartphones are
powered by lithium(锂)，which has to be mined，but David thinks that they will be overtaken by
batteries made from sodium(钠)，which can be obtained from seawater and salt.”可知，钠电池
的优点在于原材料比锂更容易获得，故选B。2．According to David，which is ideal for future electric cars?
A．Lithium battery. B．Sodium battery.
C．Hydrogen fuel. D．Ammonia fuel.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“My estimate is that by 2040 I would not be surprised if
there were ten times more sodium batteries than lithium ones，maybe even 100 times.”可知，
未来电动汽车中钠电池的应用会更广泛，故选B。
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．Hydrogen casts a light on jet fuel market.
B．Electric car makers favor sodium batteries.
C．Ammonia features sustainability and practicability.
D．Companies have mass-produced recycled batteries.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第五段中“Sodium will not be the final answer to eco-friendly air
travel，however，which is why David’s team is looking into the use of ammonia.Some
companies are looking into whether jet fuel can be replaced with hydrogen，but David sees
ammonia as more sustainable.”可知，本段主要在讲氨具有可持续性和实用性的特点。故选
C。
4．What’s David’s attitude to replacing jet fuel with biofuel?
A．Tolerant. B．Unclear.
C．Careful. D．Doubtful.
答案 C
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段“However，a report from the Royal Society on net-zero
aviation，which David co-wrote，says that replacing jet fuel with biofuel would require half of
the agricultural land in the UK.”可知，他认为用生物燃料代替喷气燃料将需要英国一半的农
业用地，故可推知，他对这一做法的态度是谨慎的，故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
The Importance of Inventions
They say necessity is the mother of invention，but invention drives the economy.The great
importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world. 1 And it goes
beyond culture.The modern era is arguably the greatest time in the history of the world for
innovation，but none of it would have happened without the invention of electricity supplied on
demand.With that one advancement，in came the fastest-changing period in human history and
the greatest population growth，too.
2 Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to improve hygieneand reduce exposure to human waste，which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to
live in.The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease，which in turn helped
extend the average life expectancy. 3
People eat better，and more safely，because of innovations we now take for granted like the
refrigerator，the oven and running tap water.Daily life at work has transformed because heavy-
lifting jobs can be done by forklifts.In fact，technology is reaching a new height. 4 More
people than ever before need to sit for work，with office jobs and the like changing our fitness
level and lowering the risk of injury during a workday.
Even entertainment has changed because no longer do people have to make their own fun by
playing games. 5 How people communicate，work，eat，travel，shop is all subject to
innovation and invention.Advances don’t always improve life，though，as many people are
learning through the constant-access struggles of smartphones and ever-present noise pollution in
cities.
A．Innovation shapes the way life is lived.
B．They can turn to their phone，TV or radio.
C．Factories are using robots for many tasks now.
D．They have affected the way we consume media.
E．Inventions influence all aspects of modern existence.
F．New technologies often simplify the average person’s life.
G．And that has led to the Earth’s population rising sharply in the last 150 years.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发明的重要性，作者认为虽说需求是发明
之母，但发明才是经济的动力。
1．答案 A
解析 根据空前内容“The great importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes
the world.”以及空后内容“And it goes beyond culture...”可知，空前和空后讲述的是发明
的重要性。选项A“创新塑造了人们的生活方式”符合上下文内容，讲述的也是发明即创
新给人们的生活带来的变化。空后的it指的就是A项中的Innovation。故选A。
2．答案 E
解析 根据空后内容“Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to
improve hygiene and...which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live in...”可知，
下文主要讲述的是发明影响了我们生活的各个方面。选项E“发明影响现代生活的方方面
面”与下文内容相一致，是下文内容的综述。故选E。
3．答案 G
解析 根据空前内容“The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease，which
in turn helped extend the average life expectancy.”可知，现代发明有助于延长人类的平均寿命，所以上文讲的是发明与人类生命的关系。选项G“这导致了地球人口在过去150年里
急剧增长”与上文构成因果关系，正是由于人类寿命的延长，才导致了地球人口的剧增。
故选G。
4．答案 C
解析 根据空前内容“Daily life at work has transformed because...”可知，上文讲述的是发
明对工作的影响。选项C“工厂现在使用机器人做很多工作”承接上文内容，同时与下文
“More people than ever before need to sit for work，with office jobs and...”保持一致，正因
为工厂有机器人做很多工作，所以越来越多的人可以在办公室工作。故选C。
5．答案 B
解析 根据空前内容“Even entertainment has changed because...”可知，上文提到的是人们
不再需要只通过游戏来获得乐趣。选项 B“他们可以转向手机、电视或收音机”承接上文
内容，进一步说明发明给娱乐方式带来的变化。选项中的 They指代上文的people。故选
B。
Ⅲ.应用文写作——建议信
假如你是大一新生李华，进入大学后，你发现学生缺乏创新能力，请给校长写一封信
提出一些合理化建议。内容包括：
1．学生创新能力的现状；
2．关于提高学生创新能力的建议；
3．创新能力的意义。
注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
参考范文
Dear Mr Headmaster，
I’d like to show my opinions on students’ scientific and technological abilities for
innovation and give some suggestions.
I don’t think our school is well engaged in improving students’ innovation abilities.In my
eyes，students in our school do little innovative jobs other than study.In most of their free time，
they listen to music ，watch films，or play computer games ，which needn’t be much
innovative.In order to improve abilities for innovation，firstly university leaders can show the
importance of innovation by lectures，posters，etc.Secondly，lessons and atmosphere in class
can be improved by teachers，for example，to encourage innovative thinking and innovative
assignments.Finally，large numbers of innovative activities such as scientific inventions also help
a lot.By participating in those activities，students can not only be more creative，but also enrich
their lives.
In a word ， scientific and technological innovation is of great importance.With moreexcellent and creative students in science and technology，our school will be more powerful，
and so will our country.
Yours，
Li Hua
