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拓展创新学程第三册 Unit 4 What is life?
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．wayward adj.难以控制的，任性的，倔强的
2．shiver vi.& n．颤抖，哆嗦(因寒冷、恐惧、激动等)
3．abyss n．深渊
4．echo vi.回响，回荡 n．回响，回声，回音；映现，暗示，启示，反响；共鸣，附和，重
复
5．torture vt.使痛苦，使苦恼，使焦急，使受煎熬；拷打，拷问 n．拷打，拷问，酷刑；
( 精神上或肉体上的 ) 折磨，痛苦，折磨人的事物
6．clarity n．清晰，清楚，明确；清晰的思维(或理解)能力；(画面、物质或声音的)清晰，
清楚，清澈
7．prologue n．序言，序幕，开场白
8．magnet n．磁铁，磁石，吸铁石；有吸引力的人(或地方、事物)；磁体，磁性物体
9．epic adj.具有史诗性质的，史诗般的；漫长而艰难的，艰苦卓绝的；宏大的，壮丽的，
给人深刻印象的 n．史诗；史诗般的作品；壮举，惊人之举
10．heel n．脚跟，脚后跟
11．grip n． 理解，了解；紧握，紧抓； ( 对 …… 的 ) 控制，影响力 vt.(gripped，gripped) 紧握 ，
紧抓；使感兴趣，使激动，吸引住 ( 某人 ) 的注意；对 …… 产生强有力的影响
12．neglect vt.忽略，忽视，不予重视；疏于照顾，未予看管；疏忽，疏漏 n．忽略，忽视，
未被重视
13．faculty n． 官能，天赋；才能，能力； ( 高等院校的 ) 系，院； ( 高等院校中院、系的 ) 全
体教师
14．gaze n．凝视，注视 vi.凝视，注视，盯着
15．imprint vt.产生重大影响，铭刻，使铭记；印，压印 n．印记，压印，痕迹；持久影响
16．listlessness n．无精打采，没有活力
17．glimpse n．一瞥，一看
18．inhabitant n．(某地的)居民，栖息动物
19．overtone n．弦外之音，言外之意，暗示
20．hint n．暗示，提示，示意；征兆，迹象 vi.& vt.暗示，透露，示意
21．petty adj.小的，琐碎的，次要的；小气的，狭隘的22．overwhelmingly adv.压倒性地，不可抵抗地
23．mockery n．嘲笑，愚弄；笑柄，被嘲笑的对象
24．compassionate adj.有同情心的，表示怜悯的
25．vigor (BrE vigour) n．精力，力量，活力，热情
26．tenderness n．和善，温柔，亲切，慈爱
27．hasty adj.匆忙的，仓促而就的，草率的
28．long v．渴望→longing n．(对……的)渴望，热望 adj.渴望的，热望的，表示渴望的
29．union n．联合，结合，合并；工会；协会，联合会，会社，俱乐部→unite v．团结；
统一；(为某事)联合，联手→united adj.联合的；统一的；和谐的；一致的
30．latter n．(提及的两者中)后者 adj.(提及的两者中)后者的；后半期的，后面的→(反义
词)former adj.前任的；以前的；前者的
31．glory n．荣誉，光荣，桂冠 vi.因某事而喜悦，为某事而欣喜→glorious adj.值得称道的；
光荣的；荣耀的
32．hazy adj.朦胧的；薄雾蒙蒙的；记不清的→hazily adv.记不清地，模糊地
33．thrill vt.使非常兴奋；使非常激动 n．激动；兴奋→thrilling adj.惊险的，紧张的，扣人
心弦的，令人兴奋不已的→thrilled adj.非常兴奋；极为激动
34．companion n．伙伴；同伴→companionship n．友情，交谊，友谊
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．get to grips with sth开始理解并着手处理难题
2．hold sway占统治地位；具有重大影响力
3．regard...as...把……视为……
4．sum up 总结
5．Achilles heel致命弱点
6．reflect upon/on 反思
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
And I have tried to understand the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the
flux.
我试图理解毕达哥拉斯学派的理论，他们认为数字控制着万物流转。
2．so that引导的目的状语从句
Always my eyes are wide open to all the sights of both happiness and suffering so that I may probe
deep and add to my understanding of how people work and live.
我的眼睛总是睁大的，可以看到幸福和痛苦的所有景象，这样我就可以深入探究，加深对人
们工作和生活方式的理解。能力提升精练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Danone Portugal introduced a new yogurt named Juntos.For every pack of yogurt that a
person bought ， he would donate yogurt to a family in need.Danone had done its
research.Increasingly，people say they want to buy from brands that give them a sense of
purpose.Surely a yogurt that helped the needy would be appealing.But Juntos was a failure.Despite
sinking millions into a marketing campaign，Danone pulled Juntos from the market only months
after it was launched.Now the same product is simply marketed as a tasty yogurt.
What happened? To find the reason behind Juntos’ failure，Lawrence Williams and his
colleagues did an experiment where they showed people some products and asked these people to
pick one option.They reminded some to focus on the “purposeful and valuable” aspect while
others were told to “enjoy themselves” and focus on “delight and pleasure”．They found
that participants who prioritized meaning preferred the less expensive product when compared with
people who put pleasure in the first place.
So why were meaning-seekers cheaping out? Lawrence Williams asked participants to explain
their decision-making to find out.He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking about
how the product they might buy could bring meaning to their lives.Instead，they were occupied
with what else they could do with their money.
I am all for people making wise and strategic financial choices.But cheap products can create
many problems.Inexpensive options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones.As a result，
we shop more often，which is ultimately worse for our wallets.Plus，that spending pattern can do
greater damage to the environment.Thanks in part to fast fashion，people buy 60 percent more
clothing today than they did 15 years ago.The fashion industry alone emits more greenhouse gases
than international flights and maritime(海运的) shipping combined.
So before you dive into your wallet for some deals，try not to fix only on what you are
spending or saving.Think carefully about what you are buying，too.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章就“是否应该为了追求意义而选择廉价低质的产品”进
行了讨论。
1．What is the main reason for the failure of Juntos?
A．It ignored marketing strategies.
B．It priced itself relatively high.
C．It lacked a particularly good taste.
D．It focused on delight and pleasure.
答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“They found that participants who prioritized meaning
preferred the less expensive product”可知，把意义放在首位的参与者更喜欢便宜的产品，因
此我们可以推断Juntos失败的主要原因是它以公益意义为卖点，但实际定价相对较高，所以
买的人少。故选B。
2．What can be inferred about meaning-seekers?
A．They frequent high-end stores.
B．They think products extend their lives.
C．They hesitate to make decisions.
D．They make more purchases with money.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的“He learned that meaning-oriented people were not thinking
about...what else they could do with their money.”可推知，以意义为导向的人更关注用钱做更
多的事情，买更多的东西，故选D。
3．How is paragraph 4 mainly developed?
A．By giving some examples.
B．By listing numbers and data.
C．By explaining reasons.
D．By making some comparisons.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的“But cheap products can create many problems.Inexpensive
options often do not last as long as the higher-end ones.”和“Plus，that spending pattern can do
greater damage to the environment.”可推断，作者是通过解释买廉价产品会产生很多问题的
原因来行文的，故选C。
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．Innovation：a Product’s Life
B．To Buy or Not to Buy
C．Meaning-seekers or Quality-pursuers
D．Fast Fashion：a Hit to Your Wallet
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段内容可知，文章主要讨论了是否应该为了
追求意义而选择廉价低质的产品，C选项符合文章主旨，故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
Before we even realize it’s happening，slowly but surely，we start losing confidence in
who we are and what we do.You’re not alone. 1 Below are simple steps that it offers to help
you restore confidence quickly.Figure Out the Root Cause.Knowing why you’re losing confidence is key to reversing that
downward spiral(螺旋)．Not only will it get your confidence back but also it will strengthen it in
the process.So，take the time to become aware of your environment，your thoughts，your
behaviors，and your relationships. 2
Strike a Pose.Simply put you stand straight，take up some space，put one hand on each
hip，chin tilted upward，breathe in，and be present.Hold this pose for a few minutes. 3 Our
attitudes often follow our behaviors，her research suggests，meaning that assuming the body
language of a powerful person can make anyone who does it feel more confident.
4 Losing confidence means you’ve given your power away.And one of the fastest ways
to take back your power is to utter a tiny two-letter word：NO.Practice saying “no” at least
once a day.It can be to your own judging voices of doubt，or it can be to the external factors
you’ve identified that have caused you to lose confidence.It ， along with these other
suggestions，is a very powerful step in restoring your confidence.
Losing Confidence in Ourselves Happens. 5 I bet if you ask the people closest to you in
your life，they’ll shrug and nod，letting you know that they’ve experienced self-doubt and a
loss of confidence，too.It’s part of being human and part of living this thing that we call life.
A．Just Say “No”．
B．You will benefit from it in the long term.
C．They may help you find out your mistakes.
D．It’s happened to me on more than one occasion.
E．It’s one of the power poses suggested by social psychologist Amy Cuddy.
F．In that case，you can identify the negative influences that need to be addressed.
G ． According to the online therapy platform Better Health ， everyone lacks confidence
occasionally.
1．答案 G
解析 根据上文“You’re not alone.”可知，不是你一个人会感觉不自信，空处应是描述也
有其他人不自信，G项“According to the online therapy platform Better Health，everyone lacks
confidence occasionally.”符合语境。故选G。
2．答案 F
解析 上文“So，take the time to become aware of your environment，your thoughts，your
behaviors，and your relationships.”建议花时间去了解你的环境、你的想法、你的行为和你
的人际关系，空处位于段末应承接上文。F项“In that case，you can identify the negative
influences that need to be addressed.”说明上文做法的好处，符合语境。故选F。
3．答案 E
解析 上文“Hold this pose for a few minutes.”提到一个姿势，下文“Our attitudes oftenfollow our behaviors，her research suggests，meaning that assuming the body language of a
powerful person can make anyone who does it feel more confident.”提到某个人对这个姿势的研
究，故空处应提及一个人物和这个姿势的关系，指出下文 her的指代对象，E项“It’s one
of the power poses suggested by social psychologist Amy Cuddy.”符合语境。故选E。
4．答案 A
解析 根据本段中“And one of the fastest ways to take back your power is to utter a tiny two-
letter word：NO.Practice saying ‘no’ at least once a day.”可知，本段是说要学会说“不”，
A项“Just Say ‘No’．”符合语境。故选A。
5．答案 D
解析 根据上文“Losing Confidence in Ourselves Happens.”和下文“I bet if you ask the
people closest to you in your life，they’ll shrug and nod，letting you know that they’ve
experienced self-doubt and a loss of confidence，too.”中的关键词too可知，空处应提及某个
人失去信心的情况，D项“It’s happened to me on more than one occasion.”符合语境。故选
D。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Andrew was a new student in my class，who had emotional management problems.Since he
had been suspended from class many times in previous years，I assured the worst when he came to
my class.
Andrew sat at the back of the classroom.Every time I talked in front of the class，he would
chat with the students around and even laugh loudly.Every time I called on him to answer a
question，he would respond with a casual “I don’t know”．If I gave him a slight criticism，
he would become really angry.As an experienced teacher，I can always get students involved in
class discussion or at least motivate them to sit quietly and listen attentively.But for Andrew，I was
really powerless.He was just noisy and rude.
One day，Andrew was talking loudly in the class when I was teaching.I said in the usual tone
of voice，“Andrew，why don’t you join in our discussions but have one of your own？”
Hearing that，he got up from his chair，pushed the books over and shouted something.I couldn’t
hear clearly what he said other than several rude words.After the class，Andrew was sent to my
office，where I gave him a discipline referral—a week’s out-of-school suspension.Deep in my
mind，though，I didn’t expect referrals to be effective since students would return behaving
even worse than before.But what else could I do with such a trouble-maker?
I had to admit this was one of my most awful teaching experiences.Andrew’s anger was
almost unexpected and out of control.The week without Andrew’s presence was a wonderful
time，and the class went on smoothly and efficiently.However，with his suspension week drawing
to a close soon，I felt restless and uneasy.Would he disturb the class as always? Would he takerevenge(报复) on me?
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
On the day when Andrew was supposed to return，I waited for him at the door.
A flash of surprise spread over his face.
参考范文
On the day when Andrew was supposed to return，I waited for him at the door.Eventually，
the familiar figure appeared，walking with his hands in his pockets.As he came close，I was about
to greet him when he ignored me deliberately.“Sorry，Andrew.I should have had a talk with you
to find a way out before giving you a suspension，” apologized I．With his head lowered，he
didn’t utter a single word.“Maybe next time you can’t control yourself in class，you can step
out of the door for a while to collect yourself，” added I，trying to break the ice.
A flash of surprise spread over his face.The naughty boy froze there，staring at me with wide
eyes.“It is I who should say sorry，” murmured he，his face burning with shame.With a smile
of relief，I patted him on his shoulder，signaling to him to go back to his seat.In the days that
followed ， Andrew didn’t misbehave in class anymore and took an active part in class
discussions.Never before did it occur to me that “apologies” could make such a huge difference
—it turned one of my worst experiences into perhaps the best one!
