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拓展创新学程第二册 Unit 3 Helping people
基础知识盘点
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．mourn vt. & vi.(因失去……而)哀悼，忧伤
2．shatter vt.& vi. ( 使 ) 破碎，破裂； ( 使感情、希望或信念等 ) 粉碎，破灭，被粉碎，被破坏
3．ash n．(pl.)灰烬，废墟；灰
4．uphold vt.(upheld，upheld)支持，维护；(尤指法庭)维持(原判)，受理(申诉)
5．framework n． ( 体系的 ) 结构，机制；信念，观点，准则； ( 建筑物或物体的 ) 构架，框架 ，
结构
6．sacrifice n．牺牲，舍弃；祭献，祭祀 vt.牺牲，献出
7．displace vt. 迫使 ( 某人 ) 离开家园；取代；移动，转移；撤职，免职
8．refugee n．避难者，逃亡者，难民
9．harsh adj. ( 天气或生活环境 ) 恶劣的，艰苦的；残酷的，严酷的，严厉的
10．toll n． ( 道路、桥梁的 ) 通行费；毁坏，伤亡人数；钟声
11．livestock n．牲畜，家畜
12．despair n．绝望 vi.绝望，失去希望，丧失信心
13．drum n．鼓 vi.打鼓，击鼓
14．gasp vi.& vt.透不过气，气喘吁吁地说；喘气，喘息，倒抽气 n．深吸气，喘息，倒
抽气
15．tyre (AmE tire) n．轮胎
16．peer vi.仔细看，端详 n．身份(或地位)相同的人，同龄人，同辈
17．stumble vi. ( 不顺畅地 ) 说，读，演奏；绊脚；跌跌撞撞地走，蹒跚而行
18．ramp n．斜坡，坡道；支路，匝道；活动梯，活动坡道
19．deploy vt. 部署，调度 ( 军队或武器 ) ；有效地利用，调动
20．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开，(尤指害怕有危险而)逃避，逃跑
21．solitary adj. 单个的，孤单的，孤零零的；独自的，单独的；喜欢 ( 或惯于 ) 独处的；唯
一的，仅有的
22．lean vi.(leaned/leant，leaned/leant)前俯(或后仰)，倾斜；倚靠，靠在vt.使斜靠
23．soak vt.& vi. 使湿透，把 …… 浸湿；浸泡，浸湿，浸透，湿透
24．famine n．饥荒25．utter adj.完全的，十足的，彻底的→utterly adv.完全地；全然；彻底地
26．fulfil/fulfill vt.实现；履行，执行，符合，具备；起……作用，目的是；使有成就感，
使满足→fulfilment n．满足感；成就感；履行；实现；完成；满足→fulfilling adj.让人感
觉有意义的；令人满足的
27．distress n．忧虑；悲伤；贫困；窘迫；(船、飞机等)遇难，遇险 vt.使忧虑；使悲伤；
使苦恼→distressing adj.使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的→distressed adj.烦恼的；忧虑的；苦恼
的；痛苦的
28．prosper vi.繁荣；兴旺；成功；发达→prosperous adj.繁荣的，成功的，兴旺的
→prosperity n．兴旺；繁荣；成功；昌盛
29．inadequate adj.不充分的，不足的，不够的；不胜任的，缺乏信心的→adequate adj.充
足的；足够的；合格的；合乎需要的→adequacy n．适当；恰当；足够；充足
30．persistent adj.连绵的，持续的，反复出现的；执着的，不屈不挠的，坚持不懈的
→persistence n．坚持不懈；坚持；锲而不舍；持续存在；维持
31．furious adj.狂怒的；暴怒的；激烈的；猛烈的；高速的；盛怒的→furiously adv.愤怒
地，狂怒地，暴怒地；激烈地，猛烈地
32．paralysed/paralyzed adj.瘫痪的→paralys(z)e vt.使瘫痪；使麻痹；使不能正常工作
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．put...into action 把……付诸行动
2．take its toll on 产生恶果，造成重大损失 ( 或伤亡、灾难等 )
3．lie in ruins 成为一片废墟
4．of all time 有史以来
5．have access to 有权进入；有权访问
6．spare no effort to do... 不遗余力地做……
7． couldn ’ t help but do.. . 情不自禁地做……
Ⅲ.经典句型
1．it作形式主语，that引导主语从句
It is the belief of the UN that education is the most basic building block of every society and the
single best investment countries can make to build prosperous，healthy and fair societies.
联合国认为，教育是每个社会最基本的组成部分，也是各国为建设繁荣、健康和公平的社
会所能作出的最佳投资。
2．对谓语动词的强调；find＋宾语＋宾补
To conclude，I do hope you have found this brief insight into the work of the UN both
inspiring and stimulating.
最后，我真心希望你们觉得这篇对联合国工作的简短见解是鼓舞人心的。
3．as引导的原因状语从句
This also takes its toll on people，as the quality of goat milk and meat may be negativelyimpacted.
这也给人们带来了损失，因为这对羊奶和羊肉的质量产生了负面影响。
能力提升精练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In conversations with strangers，people commonly tend to think they should speak less than
half the conversation time to be likable.But we’ve discovered this idea is wrong.Our data shows
that people tend to think they should speak about 45% of the time to be likable in a one-on-one
conversation with someone new.However，it appears speaking up a bit more is actually a better
strategy.
In our research，we randomly assigned people to speak for 30%,40%,50%,60% of the time
in a conversation with someone new.We found that the more they spoke，the more they were
liked by their new partners.This was only one study with 116 participants，but the outcome is
supported by other researchers’ findings.For example，a previous study randomly assigned one
in a pair to take on the role of “speaker” and the other to take on the role of “listener”．
After engaging in 12-minute interactions，listeners liked speakers more than speakers liked
listeners because listeners felt more similar to speakers than speakers did to listeners.This outcome
suggests the reason people prefer those who speak up：Learning more about a new partner can
make you feel like you have more in common with him or her.
Further，we assigned people to speak for up to 70% and even 90% of the time.The result
shows it is not an ideal strategy.Our research does not suggest people hold down a conversational
partner but rather that they feel comfortable speaking up more than they usually might.
Research like ours can help people gain a more reasonable understanding of social
interactions with new people and become more confident about how to make a good first
impression.It has the obvious benefit of allowing us to carefully control speaking time.However，
it does not reflect more natural conversations.Future research should figure out whether our
findings generalize to more natural interactions.
1．What is the common belief concerning conversations with strangers?
A．Speaking a little less is preferred.
B．Speaking half the time is the best.
C．Listeners are more likable than speakers.
D．Listeners fail to control the conversations.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In conversations with strangers，people commonly tendto think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable.”可知，关于与陌生
人交谈的普遍看法是“少说一点是更好的”。故选A。
2．How was the research carried out?
A．By analyzing speaking habits.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By listing examples.
D．By collecting data.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In our research，we randomly assigned...they spoke，the
more they were liked by their new partners.”可知，该研究是通过比较不同说话时长对受欢迎
程度的影响来实施的。故选B。
3．What is the disadvantage of the research?
A．The conversation time is limited.
B．Further study is hard to continue.
C．The findings are less widely applicable.
D．Interactions with strangers are missing.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However，it does not reflect...generalize to more
natural interactions.”可知，这项研究的缺点是“这些研究发现的适用性不够广泛”。故选
C。
4．In which situation can the research finding be applied?
A．Attending a family gathering.
B．Partying with your friends.
C．Meeting a new teacher.
D．Making a public speech.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于如何与陌生人互动交往的研究，
所以该研究发现可以应用于“与一位新老师初次见面”的情境，其中new是关键词。故选
C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
In just a few days,90-year-old Joyce Defauw will finally graduate from Northern Illinois
University.It’s a journey that 1 in 1951.“I went to college for 3 years，and I 2 ，”
Joyce said.“Later，I met a gentleman who 3 my heart，and we decided to get married.”
A few years after dropping out of college and getting married，she had two kids and thus
was just busy with 4 ，and that college diploma seemed far away.Now a grandmother of17，Joyce said while she didn’t think much about returning to 5 ，it was always a 6
.In 2019 when Joyce showed 7 in the college education she left behind，things were much
8 for her.With the help of her adult children，Joyce，who was too old to 9 ，began
taking online classes using a computer for the first time.In four years of taking classes，Joyce was
on 10 only once，when Northern Illinois University 11 students doing well after the
first semester.
Now，she will return in person to finish the 12 that began nearly 70 years ago，with a
13 for others，like her younger self.“Don’t give up.Even if you do quit，go back，”
Joyce said.“It’s there for you.Just 14 it.Sometimes you get 15 because it’s taking
so long，but there’s light at the end of the tunnel.”
语篇解读 本文为记叙文。文章介绍美国一位90岁的老太太通过在线学习完成大学学业，
弥补了年轻时辍学的遗憾。文章鼓励大家遇到困难时不要放弃，即使短暂放弃，也可以重
新弥补。
1．A.continued B．mattered
C．stretched D．began
答案 D
解析 根据最后一段的“Now，she will return in person to finish the that began
nearly 70 years ago”可推知，Joyce的大学之旅始于1951年，故选D。
2．A.stayed B．quit
C．remembered D．graduated
答案 B
解析 根据后文“A few years after dropping out of college and getting married”可知，她上了
三年大学后退学了。本空中的“quit”与后文的“drop out of”为同义词复现。故选B。
3．A.stole B．broke
C．lost D．followed
答案 A
解析 根据后文“my heart，and we decided to get married”可知，她遇到了心爱的人，即
她碰到一个偷她心的男人。故选A。
4．A.sports B．exams
C．family D．business
答案 C
解析 根据上文“she had two kids”可知，她结婚后有两个孩子，由此可推断“忙于家
庭”符合语境。 故选C。
5．A.college B．workC．homeland D．marriage
答案 A
解析 根据下文“In 2019 when Joyce showed in the college education she left
behind”可知，此处指返回大学。故选A。
6．A.danger B．chance
C．mistake D．wish
答案 D
解析 根据与前文“while she didn’t think much about returning to ”的让步关系
及后文“With the help of her adult children，Joyce，who was too old to ，began
taking online classes using a computer for the first time.”可推知，重返大学一直是她的愿望。
故选D。
7．A.pride B．interest
C．promise D．confidence
答案 B
解析 根据后文“With the help of her adult children，Joyce，who was too old to ，
began taking online classes using a computer for the first time.”可知，此处指她对曾经中断的
大学教育表现出兴趣。故选B。
8．A.clearer B．harder
C．impossible D．different
答案 D
解析 根据后文“With the help of her adult children，Joyce，who was too old to ，
began taking online classes using a computer for the first time.”可知，2019年她对曾经落下的
大学教育表现出兴趣后，事情就大不相同了，她的孩子们决定帮她弥补遗憾。故选D。
9．A.drive B．run
C．perform D．suffer
答案 A
解析 根据后文“began taking online classes using a computer”可知，她选择在线学习的方
式去完成学业，由此可知，由于年纪较大，她无法自己开车上学。故选A。
10．A.vacation B．campus
C．duty D．board
答案 B
解析 上文提到由于年纪较大，她无法自己开车上学，所以只去过校园一次，故选B。
11．A.helped B．observed
C．honored D．supported
答案 C解析 根据下文“students doing well after the first semester”可知，“表彰优秀的学生”符
合语境。故选C。
12．A.journey B．match
C．novel D．project
答案 A
解析 根据上文“It’s a journey that in 1951.”可知，此处与前文相呼应，指始
于七十年前的求学之旅。故选A。
13．A.respect B．request
C．message D．plan
答案 C
解析 根据后文“Don’t give up.Even if you do quit，go back”可知，此处指给别人和年轻
时候的自己传递一个信息——“不要放弃。即使放弃了，也可以重新来过”。故选C。
14．A.laugh at B．look at
C．go for D．wait for
答案 C
解析 根据后文“there’s light at the end of the tunnel”可推知，此处指曾经的目标就在那
儿，去努力达成就可以。go for it意为“努力争取”。故选C。
15．A.sick B．hurt
C．excited D．depressed
答案 D
解析 根据后文“because it’s taking so long”可知，因为耗时较长，有时候你会感到挫败
泄气。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
As is known to all，we 1. (human) are social by nature.The connections we
build with others 2. (be) critical to social，emotional，and physical health.Knowing
how to maintain interpersonal relationships can help you build a support system 3.
provides strength as you cope with life’s challenges.
Interpersonal relationships need openness.4. (maintain) strong bonds with others，
there needs to be a mutual give-and-take 5. it comes to sharing information with one
another.It is through this mutual sharing that you get to know each other.This process，
6. (know) as self-disclosure ，strengthens bonds and deepens intimacy between
people.Consider how you might feel if someone you care about doesn’t share important
information with you about things that are happening in their life.You might be left 7. (feel)
that they don’t trust you or that they don’t consider you as a close friend.
Being open doesn’t 8. (necessary) mean you should give others unlimited access
to your thoughts，feelings，or time.Healthy boundaries are also 9. vital foundation ofany strong relationship.It’s important that others respect your boundaries，but it is just as
important for you to respect 10. (they)．Respecting these boundaries shows that
you care about each other’s values，goals，emotions，and needs.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了良好的人际关系的重要性以及坦率和保持适
当的界限有助于维持良好的人际关系。
1．答案 humans
解析 考查名词复数。根据空处在句中作we的同位语以及空后的be动词are可知，空处应
为复数。故填humans。
2．答案 are
解析 考查时态及主谓一致。分析句子可知，本句陈述客观事实，应为一般现在时，主语
为The connections，be动词为复数。故填are。
3．答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，本空为定语从句的关系词，先行词为 a support
system，定语从句中少主语。故填that/which。
4．答案 To maintain
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本空为非谓语，根据句意，应为不定式表目的。
空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填To maintain。
5．答案 when
解析 考查连词。when it comes to 为固定短语，意为“就……而言；当提到……时”。故
填when。
6．答案 known
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本空为非谓语作定语，know与所修饰的名词短语
this process之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填known。
7．答案 feeling
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本空为非谓语作补足语，是 leave sb doing sth结
构的被动式，leave在此是使役动词，意为“使处于某种状态”，feel与逻辑主语you之间
为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填feeling。
8．答案 necessarily
解析 考查副词。 修饰后面的动词mean应用副词，另外，“not necessarily”也是固定短
语，意为“未必”。故填necessarily。
9．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。foundation意为“基础”，为可数名词，根据句意可知本空表泛指，且
vital发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
10．答案 theirs解析 考查代词。分析句子可知，本空为宾语，与上文的your boundaries为并列关系，应
用名词性物主代词。故填theirs。
