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Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．halfway adj.中间的，半途的
2．inhabitant n．栖居的动物
3．penguin n．企鹅
4．rat n．大老鼠
5．vegetation n．植物，草木(总称)
6．erosion n．侵蚀
7．chaos n．大混乱；紊乱
8．virus n．病毒
9．immunity n．免疫力
10．substantial adj.大量的，多的
11．intervention n．干预，介入
12．postscript n．附言
13．pest n．有害小动物；害虫
14．dissolve v．(使)溶解
15．nutrient n．养分，营养物
16．session n．一段时间
17．herbal adj.用香(药)草制成的
18．criterion n．(复数 criteria)标准，准则
19．prosper v．兴旺，发达
20．altitude n．海拔(高度)
21．thrive v．茁壮成长
22．fossil n．化石
23．floral adj.花的
24．coexist v．共存，共处
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．heritage n．遗产；传统
2．habitat n．栖息地
3．subsequently adv.后来，随后
4．appetite n．胃口，食欲
5．decrease v．(使)变小，(使)减少
6．trap n．夹子，陷阱
7．collapse v．倒坍；塌下
8．incident n．事件
9．owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务
10．visual adj.视觉的
11．status n．地位；身份
12．rare adj.稀有的，罕见的
13．apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎
14．vast adj.巨大的；广大的
15．elsewhere adv.在别处
16．greeting n．问候，招呼
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．dramatically adv.显著地；戏剧性地→dramatic adj.戏剧性的；突然的→drama n．戏剧
2．multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增→multiple adj.多种多样的
3．conservation n．保护→conserve v．保护→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
4．departure n．离开→depart v．离开；出发
5．explode v．突然增加→explosion n．爆炸；激增
6．ecology n．生态；生态学→ecological adj.生态的→ecologist n．生态学家
7．comparison n．比较→compare v．比较
8．mysterious adj.神秘的→mystery n．难以理解的事物；谜
9．biological adj.生物的，与生物有关的→biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家
10．variation n．差异；变化→variable adj.可变的；易变的→various adj.各种各样的
→variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→vary v．变化
11．endangered adj.濒临灭绝的→endanger v．危及；使……处于危险→danger n．危险
→dangerous adj.危险的
12．invasion n．涌入；侵犯，入侵→invade v．侵犯→invader n．侵略者
13．secure adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；稳固的 vt.获得；拴牢；保护→security n．安全；
保护措施1．spark /spɑːk/ vt.引发；激发 n．火花；活力
2．siege /siːdʒ/ n．围困；包围
3．devise /dI'vaIz/ vt.想出；设计
4．shiver /'ʃIvə(r)/ vi.颤抖；发抖
5．groan /ɡrəʊn/ n．呻吟；低沉的声响 vi.& vt.呻吟
6．doom /duːm/ n．厄运；毁灭 vt.注定(失败、毁灭等)
meet one’s doom死亡
7．weariness /'wIərInIs/ n．厌倦；筋疲力尽
8．glide /ɡlaId/ vi.滑行；滑翔
glide away溜走；滑走
9．pierce /pIəs/ vt.& vi.刺入；刺穿；穿透
10．stealthily /'stelθIli/ adv.偷偷地；鬼鬼祟祟地
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．on behalf of代表
2．fail to do sth未做到某事
3．in harmony with与……协调，与……一致，与……和睦相处
4．develop an appetite for对……产生兴趣
5．be introduced to被引进到……，被介绍给……
6．die out灭绝；消失
7．out of control失去控制
8．remove...from...把……从……移走
9．decrease from...to...从……减少到……
10．in consequence结果，因此
11．turn out原来是，结果发现
12．a substantial number of大量的
13．once and for all一劳永逸；彻底地
14．owe...to...把……归功于……；欠……
15．coexist with和……共存；与……共处
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants，including royal penguins，king
penguins，and elephant seals，existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands
of years.(否定副词置于句首引起的倒装)
他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自
然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
2．It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus，and their numbers exploded onceagain.(It turned out that...)
它们最终对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。
3．This incident made it clear that the rat，mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and
for all.(it作形式宾语)
这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要彻底地解决。
4．The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species，and that’s where I come in
—with my dogs.(where引导表语从句)
下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。
5．Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species，the bees of
Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.(状语从句的省略)
虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的这种蜜蜂和
当地的人们已经共存了几个世纪。
In comparison with the past，people’s awareness has been improved dramatically and
the conservation areas are becoming larger,1.____________ makes the number of animals
multiply.Besides,2.____________(owe) to the substantial intervention of the government，
effective measures 3.____________(take) to protect the ecology and keep the biological
balance.4.______________(apparent)，all the efforts are rewarding.More laws which protect
animals from 5.____________(kill) come into effect ， leading to a harmonious
6.____________(coexist) between mankind 7. ______ animals.However,8.____________(protect)
the endangered rare animals and decrease the spread of infectious 9.____________(virus)
from wild animals，we need to keep humans from invading their habitats and establish more
10.____________(nature) reserves.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
decrease v．(使)减少，(使)变小 n．减少
·decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到……
decrease by...降低了……
decrease in...在……方面减少/减小/下降
·on the decrease在减少
(1)Thanks to the government’s intervention ， the number of the patients has decreased
____________ three hundred.
(2)Last year witnessed a distinct decrease ____________ turnover of this company.
(3)(图表类作文)如上图所示，阅读电子书而不是纸质书的人数正在减少。
As is stated in the above graph，the number of people _________________________.owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务；欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢
·owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb欠某人某物
owe sth to sb/sth把某事归功于某人/某事
owe it to sb that...把……归功于某人
·owing to因为，由于
(1)(应用文写作之道歉信)我欠你一个道歉，因为周五下午我未能和你一起去书店。
I ___________________________________________________ on Friday afternoon.
(2)(应用文写作之感谢信)我在英语学习上的巨大进步都归功于您，任何语言都不足以表达我
衷心的感谢。
____________________，so no words are strong enough to express my heartfelt gratitude.
(3)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)大卫在终点线气喘吁吁地说道：“正是因为您的鼓励，我才
能够克服内心的恐惧，在越野赛中挑战自我。”
David was out of breath at the finishing line，saying，“It is ___________________ that I can
overcome my internal panic to challenge myself in the cross-country run.”
comparison n．比较(compare v．比较；匹敌；比喻；相比 n．比较)
·by comparison 相比之下，相较而言
in comparison with与……相比较
·compare...with...把……和……相比较
compare...to...把……比作……
beyond/without compare无与伦比，举世无双
·compared to/with...和……相比(通常作状语)
(1)(2021·全国乙，书面表达)与过去相比，越来越多的青少年更喜欢在网上学习。相比之下，
在线学习的便利性和灵活性是无与伦比的，但青少年显然会面临更多的诱惑。因此，如何成
为聪明的在线学习者是非常重要的。
_____________________，more and more teenagers prefer studying online.____________，
convenience and flexibility of online learning ________________________，but teenagers will
apparently face more temptations.So how to be smart online learners is of great significance.
(2)(应用文写作之倡议书)书籍被比作人类进步的阶梯，因此，我主张我们应该在业余时间多
读书。
Books ______________，and hence，I advocate that we should enjoy more books in our spare
time.
(3)(2021·上海6月，书面表达)在对比了这门课和那门课之后，我建议你选择中文听说课，
这可以帮助你尽快适应课堂。
After ____________________________________，I recommend you to choose Chinese listeningand speaking course，which can help you adapt yourself to class as soon as possible.
die out 灭绝
die away(声音、风、光线等)渐息；渐弱
die of死于(疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等自身原因)
die from死于(意外等外部原因)
(be) dying to do sth极想做某事
be dying for sth渴望/想要某物
(1)Apparently，the girl is dying ____________(participate) in the English contest.
(2)It’s said that the rare bird died ____________ hundreds of years ago.
(3)According to statistics，a man is more than twice as likely to die ______ skin cancer as a
woman.
(4)(应用文写作之申请信)我渴望有机会成为一名志愿者。我的确希望您能给我这个宝贵的机
会。
___________________________I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.
用法点拨 表示“渴望”的短语还有：long for，long to do，be hungry for，be thirsty for，
desire to do，be keen to，be eager to，be anxious to等。
out of control 失去控制；无法管理
in control of控制……
in the control of由……控制，被……控制
under control在控制之中
beyond control无法控制
lose control of失去对……的控制
take control of控制……
(读后续写之情感描写)我的车在半山腰失去了控制，我的心都提到嗓子眼儿了。幸运的是，
我最终控制了我的车，我松了口气。
______________________________________ halfway up the hill and my heart was in my
mouth.Luckily，______________________________ in the end and I sighed in relief.
否定副词置于句首引起的倒装句 Nor would they fail to imagine how its native
inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed in
perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.他们也不难想象出，数千
年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存
的。
否定副词置于句首，要用部分倒装语序，即把谓语动词的一部分(助动词、情态动词或be动词)提到主语之前。这类否定词以及含有否定词或否定意义的短语主要有：no，not，never，
little，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，not until，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，no
sooner...than...，hardly...when...，in no sense，in no way，in no case，by no means，on no
account，at no time，under no circumstances等。
(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我一听到这个激动人心的消息，就愣在那里，不敢相信自己
的耳朵。我从来没有想到我会在写作比赛中获得第一名。
No sooner ____________________________________ than I froze there，unable to believe my
ears.Never __________________ I would win first prize in the writing contest.
(2)母亲那句鼓舞人心的话仍然在我的脑海里回响：“在得到这份工作之前，你绝不能放
弃。”
My mother’s inspiring words still echoed in my
mind，“__________________________________ before securing this job.”
(3)(2023·上海6月，书面表达)The camera not only represents my childhood in the best possible
manner but it also represents my love for capturing moments.
＝________________________________________________ in the best possible manner but it
also represents my love for capturing moments.(改写为倒装句)
(4)I hardly think it possible to finish the work before dark.
＝________________________________________________________(改写为倒装句)
(5)(读后续写之升华句)直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。
①I wasn’t aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened ____________.
②__________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(改写为倒装句)
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．trap
(1)Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse.________
(2)Were you just going to trap her into making the decision？________
(3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ)You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well
for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.________
(4)The police set a trap to catch the thief.________
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)It is possible to multiply these bacteria in the laboratory.____________________
(2)He is not anything like his twin sister who is outgoing and has a strong appetite for
success.____________________(3)(2019·北京)Afterwards，she and her father secured their first business meeting with a
supermarket owner.____________
(4)(2020·浙江7月)The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’
overall health status.____________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Although he failed ____________(live) up to his parents’ expectations，his devotion was
to some extent meaningful.
2．In my opinion，he is stubborn，which makes ________ impossible to persuade him to assist
us.
3．My twins are dying ______ a box of chocolates，while my wife is dying ______(see) the
exhibit.
4．____________(trap) in the ruins，the girl still held a positive attitude，expecting some
generous comrades to rescue her.
5．A van went ____________ of control and crashed into the front of the clinic.
6．The specialist has an appetite ________ traveling in his spare time to relieve heavy pressure.
7．The number of wild animals has been ________ the decrease in the past few years.
8 ． It’s my great honor to deliver a speech on how to build a harmonious campus
____________ behalf of my school.
9．By ____________(compare)，I would rather take part in this rewarding and meaningful
activity.
10．I owe ____________ to you that I can handle the culture shock so successfully.
假设你班最近召开了一个关于环境保护environmental protection的主题班会，请代表
你所在的小组作一个主题发言。内容要点：
1.目前存在的环境问题或现象；
2.为了保护环境，各国政府所做的努力；
3.你的看法。
完成句子
1．与过去相比，目前的环境保护仍然存在许多问题。(comparison)
________________________________________________________________________
2．由于人类活动，空气、水和土壤的污染非常严重，对全球生态系统产生了不良影响。
(owing to)
________________________________________________________________________3．动物、森林和海洋资源的数量正在减少。(decrease)
________________________________________________________________________
4．尽管面对严峻的挑战，但许多国家的政府采取了许多有效的措施来保护脆弱的环境。(状
语从句的省略)
________________________________________________________________________
5．直到每个国家和每个人都共同努力时，我们才能拥有一个更好的环境。(倒装句)
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
亮词 [生态环保描写] habitat；multiply；conservation；decrease；ecology；endangered
Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long，thin shape.The green grass
美句 and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically，giving it a wild and natural beauty.
(环境描写)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：看(一)
单词 see看见 watch 观看 observe 观察 view 把……视为 spot 注意到，发现
lock one’s eyes on 盯着 take/cast a glance at...向……看一眼 gape at目瞪口呆地看
come into view进入视野 eyes widen瞪大眼睛 peep at/through偷看 glance
词块
at/around/back/up/down瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看 catch a glimpse of瞥见
steal a glance at偷偷瞥一眼
I tiptoed forward and glanced back over my shoulder from time to time to make sure
that no one was following me.我踮着脚尖向前走，不时回头看一眼，以确保没有人在
跟踪我。
Seeing no other people notice me，I placed the Christmas present down，pounded the
doorbell and then hid quickly behind a big tree，peeping at the doorway.(现在分词短语
句型
作状语)看到没有人注意到我，我放下圣诞礼物，按了按门铃，然后迅速躲在一棵大
树后面，向门口窥视。
James came out，glanced around and spotted the box，his eyes widening in surprise.
(动作链描写)
詹姆斯走了出来，环顾四周，发现了盒子，他惊讶地睁大了眼睛。Hearing that，I gaped at my mother，with my eyes open in surprise.(with复合结构)
听了这话，我惊讶地瞪大眼睛看着母亲。
Watching what my sons had done，I couldn’t help exclaiming，“How warm-hearted
they are！”(现在分词短语作状语)看着儿子们所做的一切，我不禁惊呼：“他们真
是太热心了！”
语料运用 植树造林
A forest came into view and I glanced around，enjoying the surrounding beautiful scenery.My
uncle told me “①___________________ and the forest used to be a wasteland.Later，owing to
some conservation measures，this forest appeared again.” ②________________________(with
复合结构)．The deeper we walked，the more animals we spotted in the forest.Some animals
locked their eyes on us curiously while some just ③______________________________ timidly.
④___________________(现在分词短语作状语)，I couldn’t help exclaiming，“The way the
nature treats us is the same we treat it.To live in harmony with it，we are expected to respect it.”
一片森林映入眼帘，我环顾四周，欣赏着周围的美景。我叔叔告诉我：“动物的栖息地
和这个地区的生态都被破坏了，这片森林曾经是一片荒地。后来，由于一些保护措施，这片
森林又出现了。”听了这话，我惊讶地瞪大眼睛，目瞪口呆地看着叔叔。我们走得越深，在
森林里看到的动物就越多。有些动物好奇地盯着我们，有些动物只是胆怯地瞟了我们一眼。
看着这些可爱的动物和绿树，我不禁感叹道：“大自然对待我们的方式和我们对待它的方式
是一样的。为了与它和谐相处，我们应该尊重它。”
