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第 15 讲 动词时态之进行时
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································2
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································3
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································4
基础详单
知识点1 时态概述 ·················································································································4
知识点2 解题策略 ·················································································································5
考点一 现在进行时
知识点1 现在进行时的构成 ·······························································································5
知识点2 现在进行时的具体用法 ····················································································6
知识点3 现在进行时特殊用法 ························································································6
考点二 过去进行时
知识点 过去进行时的构成及具体用法 ·············································································7
考点三 将来进行时
知识点 将来进行时的构成及具体用法·················································································8
考点四 现在完成进行时
知识点1 现在完成进行时的构成···························································································9
知识点2 现在完成进行时的具体用法··················································································9
考点五 过去完成进行时
知识点 1 过去完成进行时的构成 ··················································································11
知识点2 过去完成进行的具体用法····················································································11
考点六 易混时态辨析
知识点1 一般过去时与过去进行时····················································································12
知识点2 现在完成时与现在完成进行时 ······································································12
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ·································································································································132.命题演练 ·································································································································14
年份 卷别 现在时 过去时 将来时（含被动）
新高考I卷 walks
新高考II卷 were
2024
全国甲卷 were
浙江卷1月 have started
北京卷 gives was named; jogged
新高考II卷 wished
全国甲卷 become改为becomes make → made (can) be employed
2023 全国乙卷 was amazed
浙江卷1月 featured
北京卷 has established had arrived would throw
新高考I卷 is designed were
新高考II卷 were fixing; threw
was-were; become-
全国甲卷 has walked
became
2022
全国乙卷 lives-live; 去掉have后的been addressed
北京卷 has; has increased
is viewed/has been viewed
浙江卷1月
are；have promised
新高考I卷 was
新高考II卷 was
2021 全国甲卷 are改为is was built; hired
全国乙卷 删去are
北京卷 connects
全国I卷 means; is constructed touched
全国II卷 carries start改为started
2020
全国III卷 had改成have pointed (would) be chosen
新高考卷 are called; is formed
全国I卷 has reported；are
全国II卷 have made declared
2019
recommended；
全国III卷 required改为requires
were invited
北京卷 voiced
考情 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对谓语动词的考查是结合时态、语态和主谓一致综合进行的考查。
分析 近年对时态的考查命题较稳，对时态、语态和主谓一致的考查比较稳定，但又稳中求变，长句有增加的趋势。
【复习目标】
1. 系统复习并掌握时态的基本知识
2. 熟练运用各种时态尤其是一般现在时、一般过去式和现在完成时。
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别。
4. 强化在复杂语境中辨别时态的能力。
年份 卷别 现在时 过去时 将来时（含被动）
新高考I卷 walks
新高考II卷 were
2024
全国甲卷 were
浙江卷1月 have started
北京卷 gives was named; jogged
新高考II卷 wished
全国甲卷 become改为becomes make → made (can) be employed
2023 全国乙卷 was amazed
浙江卷1月 featured
北京卷 has established had arrived would throw
新高考I卷 is designed were
新高考II卷 were fixing; threw
was-were; become-
全国甲卷 has walked
became
2022
全国乙卷 lives-live; 去掉have后的been addressed
北京卷 has; has increased
is viewed/has been viewed
浙江卷1月
are；have promised
新高考I卷 was
新高考II卷 was
2021 全国甲卷 are改为is was built; hired
全国乙卷 删去are
北京卷 connects
全国I卷 means; is constructed touched
全国II卷 carries start改为started
2020
全国III卷 had改成have pointed (would) be chosen
新高考卷 are called; is formed
全国I卷 has reported；are
全国II卷 have made declared
2019recommended；
全国III卷 required改为requires
were invited
北京卷 voiced
分析近年高考真题可知，高考对谓语动词的考查是结合时态、语态和主谓一致综合进行的考查。
近年对时态的考查命题较稳，对时态、语态和主谓一致的考查比较稳定，但又稳中求变，长句有
增加的趋势。
【复习目标】
考情
分析 5. 系统复习并掌握时态的基本知识
6. 熟练运用各种时态尤其是一般现在时、一般过去式和现在完成时。
7. 掌握几种易混时态的区别。
8. 强化在复杂语境中辨别时态的能力。
【基础详单】
知识点1 时态概述
时态：英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发
生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。在英语中，根据动作发生的时间和动作的种类，动词又分为十六
种时态。高中一般掌握下列时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过
去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时）。
高频考点 : 一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时 ；
中频考点：过去进行时
知识点2 解题策略
解题依据 具体方法
根据“标志性状 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by＋时
语” 间， so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语，做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语
来判定时态。
当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们之间可能是同时发生，也可能有一定的先后
根据“并列谓语”
关系，我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上
的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态要一致。
有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过“语境暗示”，正确分析
根据“语境暗示”
语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
根据“时态定义” 准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。
根据“固定句式”考点一 现在进行时
知识点1 现在进行时的构成及动词现在分词变化规则
谓语动词的构成：＋doing
动词变现在分词规则
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ing try→trying; cry→crying
以不发音的e结尾的动词， 去掉e，加ing hate→hating；date→dating
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词， 双写辅音字母加ing regret→regretting；ban→banning
知识点2 现在进行的具体用法
1.表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语now，at the moment，at present等连用。
He is watching a football match on TV at home now.
他现在正在家里看电视上的足球赛。
2. 一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come, go, leave, get, start, open, arrive, begin, return等常用现
在进行时表将来。
I am leaving for Shanghai to attend an important international meeting.
我要出发去上海参加一个重要的国际会议。
3. 现在进行时态与频率副词always，constantly连用表达某种感情色彩，如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。
You are always forgetting the important thing.
你总是把重要的事情忘掉。(表达出不满的情绪)
She is always complaining. 她总是抱怨。
知识点3 现在进行的特殊用法
名师提醒：有些动词不用于进行时态，常见的有：
1. 感觉类：look, feel, smell, sound, taste, hear
2. 情感类：like ,love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore等。
3. 心态类：hope, wish, want, need, expect, believe, think ,understand, agree, know, remember等。I love my dad and mom. 我爱我的爸爸妈妈。
These books belong to Jim.这些书属于吉姆。
【典例】1.（23-24高三·天津河东·期末）—May I take the typewriter away?
—Sorry, I ______ it.
A．am using B．used C．have used D．was using
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——我可以把打字机拿走吗？——对不起，我正在用。分析句子可知，此
处为谓语动词，结合句意和语境可知，不能拿走的原因，是“我正在用它”，需用现在进行时。故选A
项。
【答案】A
【典例】2.（2024高三·湖南·专题练习）—Are you still very busy?
—Yes, I (write) a report for the manager but it won’t take long. (所给词的的适当形式填空)
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——你还很忙吗？——是的，我正在给经理写一份报告，但不会花很长时
间。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据问句中的still及答句中的won’t 可知,“写”这个动作在说话时正在进
行，因此应用现在进行时。故填am writing。
【答案】am writing
变式训练1. It seems that families are (spend) more and more time together.
【解析】考查时态。句意：似乎家人在一起的时间越来越多了。spend与其主语families为主动关系，结合
空前的are可知，句子时态只能为现在进行时，因此空格处是spending。故填spending。
【答案】spending
考点二 过去进行时
知识点 过去进行时的构成及具体用法
谓语动词的构成：＋doing
1. 过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。
He was playing basketball with his friends on the playground at 3：00 pm yesterday.昨天下午3点他正在
操场与他的朋友们一起打篮球。
2. 表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。
She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house.
她正在看电视，这时一个盗贼闯入她家。3. 表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常见动词有go，begin，leave，arrive，come，return
等。
I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.
我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。
【典例】1.（23-24高三·天津·阶段练习）Peter ______ basketball at a club when his girlfriend called him
yesterday afternoon.
A．has played B．had played C．was playing D．played
【解析】考查时态。句意：昨天下午彼得在俱乐部打篮球时，他的女朋友突然打电话给他。根据“when
his girlfriend called him”可知，此处可用句型be doing…when…表示“正在做某事，这时（突然）”，when
为并列连词，表示“就在这时（突然）”，结合yesterday afternoon可知，事情发生在过去，时态应用过去
进行时。故选C。
【答案】C
【典例】2.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）When (leave) the airport, he waved to us again.
【解析】考查时态，主谓一致和省略。句意：离开机场时，他又向我们挥手。when引导的时间状语从句表
示“当他离开机场时”，由waved可知，时间状语从句中时态是过去进行时，因此是when he was leaving
the airport，时间状语从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动
词，因此空格处是leaving。故填leaving。
【答案】leaving
变式训练（2024·天津和平·一模）I haven’t finished my homework yet. I ______ my mother in the kitchen all
day yesterday.
A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helped D．have helped
【解析】考查时态。句意：我还没有完成我的家庭作业。我昨天一整天都在厨房帮我妈妈。根据时间状语
“all day yesterday”可知，表示过去的一段时间内正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时态。故选B。
【答案】B
考点三 将来进行时
知识点 将来进行时的构成及具体用法
谓语动词的构成：will be doing
具体用法：
表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。
This time next week I'll be lying on the beach，enjoying the sunshine.下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩上，享受着阳光。
.【典例】1.（2024·天津·一模）May Day is approaching. At this time next month I ______ to Hainan for holiday.
A．will be flying B．will fly
C．have been flying D．have flown
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：五一就要到了。下个月的这个时候我将飞往海南度假。根据At this time
next month可知，用将来进行时。故选A项。
【答案】A
【典例】2.（23-24高三·天津南开·开学考试）They will be very happy if you tell them in advance that
you_________here.
A．will be teaching B．have taught C．have been teaching D．were teaching
【解析】考查时态。句意：如果你提前告诉他们你将在这里教书，他们会很高兴的。根据句意可知，你将
在这里教书，表示教书的动作从将来某一时间开始，并可能在将来继续进行，应用将来进行时will be
doing的形式。B项是现在完成时，C项是现在完成进行时，D项是过去进行时，均不符合题意。故选A
项。
【答案】A
变式训练1.The children ________ with water guns in the backyard at 10 o’clock when it gets hot outside
tomorrow.
A．will be playing B．has played C．are playing D．would play
【解析】考查时态。句意：明天外面变热时，孩子们将在10点钟在后院玩水枪。根据后文at 10 o’clock
when it gets hot outside tomorrow.可知表示将来某个时刻正在发生，应用将来进行时。故填A。
【答案】A
变式训练2.You’d better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he (have) an
important meeting then. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【解析】考查时态。句意：明天晚上7点到8点之间你最好不要给经理打电话；那时他将有一个重要的会
议。根据between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening可知，此处是指未来具体时刻正在发生的事情，故用将来进行
时will be doing，故填will be having。
【答案】will be having
考点四 现在完成进行时
知识点1 现在完成进行时的构成
谓语动词的构成：been＋doing知识点2 现在完成进行时的具体用法
具体用法
1. 常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
For days the kids have been looking for others we can help.
几天以来，孩子们一直在找我们能够帮助的其他人。
2. 表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
I have been calling him many times this morning，but there's no answer.
今天早晨我一直给他打了很多电话，但是没人接。
I feel a little tired because I have been playing basketball.
我有些累，我刚才一直在打篮球。
典例1.（2020·天津·高考真题）—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A．have been practising B．was practising
C．would practise D．had practised
【解析】考查时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these
days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故
选A。
【答案】A
典例2.（2015·福建·高考真题）—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.
A．wrote B．had written C．has been writing D．is writing
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：——那彼得?我到处都找不到他。——早饭后他去了图书馆，从那时起
他就一直在那儿写论文。结合句意以及时间状语 “ever since” 可知，他吃过早餐去图书馆之后，便一直
在那里写论文，表示一个动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去，因此应该
用现在完成进行时，故正确答案为C。
【答案】C
变式训练1.（2024·天津·二模）An expert, together with some assistants, ______ in the lab day and night since
the outbreak of the flu.
A．was working B．were working
C．have been working D．has been working
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自流感爆发以来，一位专家和一些助手一直在实验室夜以继日地工
作。根据时间状语day and night since the outbreak of the flu可知，句子应用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某
时刻开始，一直持续到现在，还有可能继续下去的动作，together with连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复
数与其前面的名词保持一致，An expert为单数名词，助动词用has。故选D项。
【答案】D变式训练2.The number of visitors ______ steadily since the reopening, despite a sharp decline compared to
normal years.
A．has risen B．is rising
C．had been rising D．has been rising
【解析】考查时态辨析。句意：自重新开放以来，游客数量一直在稳步上升，尽管与正常年份相比大幅下
降。分析句子可知，despite…为条件状语，逗号之前内容为主句,since后的内容为时间状语。结合主句中引
导时间状语的引导词since，又由于主句中游客数量的增加是在不断的增加，主句的时态应该是用现在完成
进行时，强调游客数量增加在持续。故选D。
【答案】D
考点五 过去完成进行时
知识点1 现在完成进行时的构成
谓语动词的构成：had been＋doing
知识点2 现在完成进行时的具体用法
具体用法: 表示一直持续到过去某一时间的动作，这一动作可能刚结束，也可能仍在进行。过去完成进行
时必须以一个过去的时间为前提。
He had been working in a factory before he came to Beijing.
他来之前一直在工厂上班。
She had been living here before she went to Shanghai.
她去上海之前一直住在这里。
典例1.When Alice came to, she didn’t know how long she __________ there.
A．had been lying B．has been lying C．was lying D．has lain
【解析】考查时态。句意：当Alice到达时，她不知道自己在那里躺了多久了。指从“过去的过去”某一
个时间点开始的动作或状态，一直延续到过去，用过去完成进行时，故选A。
【答案】A
典例2. He was so absorbed in his work that he________ music for over two hours before he knew it.
A．was composing B．has composed C．had been composing D．would compose
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他如此全神贯注于自己的工作，以至于在他意识到的时候他已经创作音乐
两个多小时了。分析句子结构，此句是so...that...引导的结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。从
句中缺少谓语，由before he knew it和for over two hours可知，这里表示过去的过去，且表示动作的持续性，
应用过去完成进行时，故选C。
【答案】C考点六 易混点辨析
知识点1 一般过去时与过去进行时
一般过去时侧重说明过去发生的动作的事实，往往已经完成。过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的
动作，侧重强调动作的持续，一般还没有完成。
例1. They built a skyscraper. 他们建了一座摩天大楼。（已经完成）
例2. They were building a skyscraper.他们正在建一座摩天大楼。（没有完成）
例3. He took exercise after he got up.起床后他去锻炼身体了。
例4. He was taking exercise when he met Mr Smith.他在锻炼身体时碰到了史密斯先生。
知识点2 现在完成时与现在完成进行时
1. 现在完成时表示动作已经完成，现在完成进行时表示动作未完成；现在完成时表示动作过程的持续性，
现在完成进行时强调动作持续的长久性。
例1. I have watered the flowers this morning. （动作已经完成）
今天早晨我已经浇过花了。
例2. I have been watering the flowering this morning. （动作一直在持续）
今天早晨我一直在浇花。
易错提醒：状态动词、情感动词和知觉动词，如see,feel,know, love等，不能用于现在完成进行时，但可以
用于现在完成时。
(错误)I have been knowing her for a long time.
(正确）I have known her for a long time.
2. 现在完成时同某些频度副词或数词连用时，表示反复的但可能有间断的动作；现在完成进行时可以表
示反复的、不间断的动作，不能同具体数词或表示具体词数的词连用。
(错误)I have been reading this book three times.
(正确)I have read this book three times.
一、 真题实战
1.（2018全国天津卷）My washing machine ___________(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by
hand.
【答案 】is being repaired【解析】结合语境这里表示一个现阶段正在进行的动作“房屋被维修”，且正在进行，故答案是 is being
repaired。
2. (2015年陕西) Mary____________ (work) really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
【答案】has been working
【解析】现在完成进行时表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作，强调持续性，不间断性。故答案是
has been working。
3. (2016年北京)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We __________(wait)here for more than two hours.
【答案】 have been waiting
【解析】现在完成进行时表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作，常和for，since引导的时间状语连
用。故答案是have been waiting
4.（2018·天津·高考真题）My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A．was repaired B．is repaired
C．is being repaired D．has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash
my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
5.（2014·北京·高考真题）—Hi, let’s go skating.
—Sorry, I’m busy right now. I ___________ in an application form for a new job.
A．fill B．have filled
C．am filling D．will fill
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——嗨，我们去滑冰吧。——对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填一个新工作
申请表。根据句意可知，我正在填表。故用现在进行时。故选C项。
6.（2010·全国·高考真题）——Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
一No, I__________my homework all day yesterday.
A．was doing B．would do C．had done D．Do
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：--你读完《简·爱》了吗?一没有,昨天一整天我正在做作业。根据 all day
yesterday可知，做作业是过去进行时。故A。
二、 命题演练
1．Look! The children (circle) a robot, talking about science development.
【答案】are circling
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：看！孩子们围着机器人转，谈论着科学发展。由Look可知，句子
描述现在正在进行的动作，时态用现在进行时，主语The children是复数，因此空格处是are circling。故填are circling。
2．In Beijing, Master Li Yu (teach) Shaolin Kung Fu to thirty young students now, three of whom come
from abroad.
【答案】is teaching
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在北京，现在Li Yu大师正在给30个年轻学生教授少林功夫，其中3个来
自国外。根据now可知，句子描述目前正在做的动作，用现在进行时。故填is teaching。
3．The World Health Organization warns that millions of people (suffer) from indoor air pollution
at the present time, which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves at home.
【答案】are suffering
【解析】考查时态。句意：世界卫生组织警告说，目前有数百万人遭受室内空气污染，这是由于在家里使
用危险燃料和炉灶造成的。根据时间状语“at the present time”此句描述的事情正在发生，谓语动词应该使
用现在进行时，主语millions of people为复数意义，故填are suffering。
4．But her fellow teacher said that we (celebrate) her 39th birthday!
【答案】were celebrating
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是她的老师同事说我们在为她庆祝39岁生日！根据上文“I
attended a birthday party”可知，此处表示“我们正在为她庆祝39岁生日”，句子描述当时正在做的事情，
因此句子用过去进行时，主语we是复数，因此空格处是were celebrating。故填were celebrating。
5．I (search) the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang.
【答案】was searching
【解析】考查时态。句意：我正在网上搜索相关信息时，手机响了。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，
再根据句意和when my cellphone rang可知，这里谓语动词用过去进行时，表示过去正在发生的动作，be
doing sth. when...表“正在做某事，正在那时……”，为固定句型。故填was searching。
6．It was the twins rather than their father that (take) the breakfast upstairs when mother came
home.
【答案】were taking
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：母亲回家时，是那对双胞胎而不是他们的父亲在楼上端早餐。根据
when mother came home.可知，此处表示过去某个时间正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时，主语twins表示
复数意义，故填were taking。
7．—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I (practice) a lot these days.
【答案】have been practising
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——-你游泳游得很棒。——谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。设空处
使用动词作谓语。该句子表述一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作，强调持续性、未完成性，故使用现
在完成进行时。故答案是have been practising。
8．Wang Jing, a woman from Shenyang city, Liaoning province in northeast China, (engage) in this
novel art form for 27 years.
【答案】has engaged/has been engaging【解析】考查主谓一致和现在完成时或现在完成进行时。句意：来自中国东北辽宁省沈阳市的王静女士已
经从事这一新颖的艺术形式27年了。根据“for 27 years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，也可以理解为动作
发生在过去，一直持续到现在，并在将来的某段时间里仍将继续，所以应用现在完成进行时。主语为第三
人称单数。动词短语engage in意为“从事”。故填has engaged/has been engaging。
9．The crazy fans (wait) in line since 7 pm and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
【答案】had been waiting
【解析】考查时态。句意：疯狂的粉丝们从晚上7点就开始排队，他们会一直等到电影明星到来。根据时
间状语 since 7 pm 和句意可知，表示过去某一时间段内一直持续的动作，并对过去造成的影响，用过去完
成进行时。故填had been waiting。
10．When Alice came to herself, she did not know how long she (lie) there.
【答案】had been lying
【解析】考查时态。句意：当爱丽丝苏醒过来时，她不知道自己在那里躺了多久。结合语境以及“she did”
应用过去完成进行时表示说话之前的行为一直在进行，且动作对过去产生的影响。故填had been lying。
