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2011 年 6 月英语四级考试阅读真题
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
SectionA
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre.You may notuse anyof thewords in thebankmorethan once.
The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists
saidyesterday.
While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger,
this has a(n) 48 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more,
according toresearch.
Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said
that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at
sleeping 49 straight through thenight.
More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would
feel better andmore 51 ifthey slept forlonger periods, he said.
"The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount
of sleep we need to 52 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association
fortheAdvancement ofScience conference inSan Diego.
"It's 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the
more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would
benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they didin their 30s.That's 56 from person to
person, but theamount ofsleep wehad at 35is probably thesame amount weneed at 75."
A)alert B) associated C)attracting D) cling
E)continuing F)definitely G)different H)efficiently
I) formally J) function K)mixed L) negative
M)sufficient N)tend O) younger
SectionB
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
linethrough thecentre.
Passage One
Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of
anotherrace can lead to increased tolerance butalso to agreaterlikelihood (可能性)ofconflict.
Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and
compel students toengage inmore ethnically diverse friendships.
An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate
saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be
caused bysocial pressure.
In a New York Times article, Sam Roakye-the only black student on his freshman year
floor-saidthat "if you're surrounded bywhites, you havesomething to prove."
Researchers alsoobserved problems resulting from pairing interracial students inresidences.
According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more
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An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two
whiteroommates to nolongerlivetogether bytheend of thesemester.
Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first
time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she
said.
At Penn, students are not asked to indicaterace when applying forhousing.
"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process
throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the
definitionof integration."
"I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down
stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years
added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there
were also "jarring cultural confrontations."
TheRAsaid that theseconflicts have also occurred among roommates of thesamerace.
Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies,
notingthat morebackground characteristics of thestudents needto bestudies and explained.
57.What can we learn from somerecent studies?
A) Conflictsbetween studies ofdifferent races are unavoidable.
B) Studentsofdifferent races are prejudiced against each other.
C)Interracial lodging does more harm than good.
D)Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.
58.What does SamBoakye's remark mean?
A)Whitestudents tend to look down upontheirblack peers.
B) Black studentscan compete with theirwhitepeers academically.
C)Black studentsfeel somewhat embarrassed among whitepeers during thefreshman year.
D)Being surrounded bywhitepeers motivates ablack studentto work harder to succeed.
59.What does theIndians Univerisity studyshow?
A) Interracial roommates are morelikely to fall out.
B) Few whitestudents likesharing aroom with ablack peer.
C)Roommates ofdifferent races just don't get along.
D)Assigning students' lodging randomly isnot agood policy.
60.What doesAlecWebley considerto be the"definition ofintegration"?
A) Studentsofdifferent races are required to share room.
B) Interracial lodging is arranged bytheschool for freshmen.
C)Lodging is assigned to students ofdifferent races without exception.
D)The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.
61.What does Grace Kao sayabout interracial lodging?
A) It is unscientific tomake generalizationsabout it without further study.
B) Schoolsshould becautious when making decisions about student lodging.
C)Students'racial background should beconsidered before lodging is assigned.
D)Experienced resident advisors shouldbeassigned to handletheproblems.
PassageTwo
Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic
losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by
KofiAnnan, theformer United Nations secretary general.
The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster,
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global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition ( 营 养 不 良 ) and heat-related health
problems.
But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk,
who questioned itsmethods and conclusions.
Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor
countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would
doubleby2030.
Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies
disaster trends, said the Forum's report was " a methodological embarrassment" because there was
no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the
much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in
vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem
requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both
climatechange anddisasters because it isso deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)"
However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who
supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were
rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in
Decemberto negotiate anewinternational climatetreaty.
In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to
focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to
climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the
human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the
report.
62.What is thefinding ofthe Global Humanitarian Forum?
A) Global temperatures affect therate ofeconomic development.
B) Rates ofdeath from illnesshave risen dueto global warming.
C)Malnutritionhas caused serious health problems in poorcountries.
D)Economictrends havetodowith population andnatural disasters.
63.What dowe learn about theForum's report from thepassage?
A) It was challenged bysomeclimate and risk experts.
B) It aroused a lotof interest in thescientificcircles.
C)It was warmly received byenvironmentalists.
D)It caused a bigstirindeveloping countries.
64.What does Dr.Pielke sayabout theForum's report?
A) Its statistics look embarrassing.
B) It is invalid in terms ofmethodology.
C)It deserves ourclosest attention.
D)Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.
65.What is SorenAndreasen's view ofthereport?
A) Its conclusions are basedoncarefully collected data.
B) It is vulnerable to criticism ifthestatistics are closely examined.
C)It will give rise toheated discussions at theCopenhagen conference.
D)Its rough estimates are meant to draw theattention ofworld leaders.
66.What does KofiAnnan say should bethefocus oftheCopenhagen conference?
A) Howrich and poorregions can share responsibilityin curbing global warming.
B) Howhumanand economic losses from climatechange can bereduced.
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D)Howrich countries can better help poorregions reduce climatehazards.
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