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2018年6月大学英语六级考试试题第3套
2018年6月大学英语六级考试试题第3套
Part II
Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
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Part I[ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Part III Reading Comprehension (4 0 minutes)
Section A
Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word
Directions : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
for each blankfrom a list of choices given in aword bank following the passage. Read
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read
the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is
the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is
identified by a letter. Please marh the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
i.dentified by a letter. Please mark the correspondi letter for each item on Answer
ng
Sheet 2withasingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the
bank more than once.
bank more than once.
When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic
When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domestic
robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.
robots, we should look forward to the day in admiration.
Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies. Tesla Motors and
Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors and
SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live on other planets.
SpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and 26 humans to live on other planets.
This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has 27
This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneur has 27
cocmoems efs rfromo mpr apcrtaicctiacla la acchhieievvemeemnetns tsr artahtheerr tthhaann hhyyppooththeettiiccaall oonneess..
A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day
A lot of clever people are 28 about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will one day
become so 29 that theyll murder all of us. These fears are mostly 30 : as with hysteria
become so 29 that they'll murder all of us. These fears are mostly 30 : as with hysteria
about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with
about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough to manage these problems with
speed and care.
speed and care.
And just think of how wonderful it would be ifyou had a live-in obot It could, 31 ,be like
And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, 31 , be like
having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one — or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond the
having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one - or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond the
power of Mr.Musk's imagined machine,at least someone to chop the carots, wash the car and mow
power of Mr. Musk's imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car and mow
the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to save money and time,
the lawn. Once pucr hased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to save money and time,
freeing up _34_ space in our busy lives to read a good book.
freeing up ___]±_ space in our busy lives to read a good book.
That is why we welcome Mr.Musk's latest 35_,and wish him well. As long as robots add to
That is why we welcome Mr. Musk's latest ___l_L, and wish him well. As long as robots add to
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淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
第1/9页
第 1／9页A) A ) a am ma a s s s se e d d ) I)mimsliseleaaddiinngg
B) crsual J) precious
B) casual J) precious
C) emotional K) reward
C) emotional K) reward
D) enabling L) smart
D) enabling L) smart
E) eventually M) phere
E) eventually M) sphere
F) exagerated N) terified
F) exaggerated N) terrified
G) extravagant O) venture
G) extravagant 0) venture
) generously
H) generously
Section B
Section B
Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit.
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more
paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more
than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking
than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
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and drama team.I didn't drink,party, or even do much dating. The right college,I thought, was
and drama team. I didn't drink, party, or even do much dating. The right college, I thought, was
one with prestige, one with a name.It didn't have to be the Ivy League,but it needed to be a
one with prestige, one with a name. It didn't have to be the Ivy League, but it needed to be a
" top schoo."
" top school."
[B]Looking back now, nine years later,I can't remember exactly what it was about these universities
[B] Looking back now, nine years later, I can't remember exactly what it was about these universities
that made them seem so much better.Was it a cuiculum that appeared more rigorous,perhaps? Or
that made them seem so much better. Was it a curriculum that appeared more rigorous, perhaps? Or
an alummi network that I hoped would open doors down the line? Maybe."I do think there are
an alwmi network that I hoped would open doors down the line? Maybe. "I do think there are
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education at the University of Penmnsylvania."I don't necessarily think thats a reason to go to one."
education at the University of Pennsylvania. "I don't necessarily think that's a reason to go to one."
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automatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts. Instead,I dreamed of living in
automatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts. Instead, I dreamed of living in
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country's most expensive schools, with room and board costs totaling upwards of $64,000 a
country's most expensive schools, with room and board costs totaling upwards of $64,000 a
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next few months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school,I couldn'teven afford
next few months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I couldn't even afford
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第 2／9页tthhee oonneess wwhheerree II''dd bbeeeenn aaccccepeptteedd. .C Cityit yU Unnivievresritysi toyf oNfe wNe wY oYorkr k((CCUUNNY)Y, ),R uRtugtegresr sU nUinvievresristityy,,
and Indiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and the University of
and Indiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and the University of
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was a flourishing track career—I wanted to keep running but my times weren't quite fast
was a flourishing track career-I wanted to keep running but my times weren't quite fast
enough to secure a scholarship.
enough to secure a scholarship.
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York City.
[E] While it may have been practical, it wasn't prestigious. But here's the thing: I loved my"lower-
[E] While it may have been practical, it wasn't prestigious. But here's the thing: I loved my "lower
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（( 1低t 层Jk次 ;J:..的 {l(J）)u nunivievresrisittyy.. （(II uussee ththee tetrmerm ""loloww-t-itieerr""c acuatuitoiouuslslyy，, bbeeccaauussee GGSSUU iiss aa wwelelll-
regarded research institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the
regarded research institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all over the
country. We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best
country.) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting the best
grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future. But what if lower-tier colleges and
grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future. But what if lower-tier colleges and
universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race? After all, where else can you leave school
universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race? After all, where else can you leave school
with a decent degree—but without a lifetime of debt?
with a decent degree-but without a lifetime of debt?
n
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of ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no one was
of ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no one was
championing for us to succeed in. What I'm saying is, I loved my university because it taught us
championing for us to succeed in. What I'm saying is, I loved my university because it taught us
aallll ttoo bbee rreessoouurrcceefuful la nadnd w wee ccoouulldd mmaakkee wwhhaat t wwe ew wanantetde do uotu to fo fi itt..
[G] I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded scholarship called HOPE
[G] I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded scholarship called HOPE
((HHeleplpiningg OOutusttstaannddiinngg PPuuppililss EEdduuccaattiioonnaallllyy)). .W Whheenn II ssttartaretde dc oclollelgeeg, eth,teh eH OHOPPEE sscchhoollararsshhiipp wwaass
funded by the state of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA of 3.0
funded by the state of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA of 3.0
or higher.Living costs and books I paid for with money earmed during high school, supplemented
or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during high school, supplemented
by a small college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account my
by a small college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account my
parents created when I was born.
parents created when I was born.
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connection — one that Ive gained through pure determination, not a school brand.
connection - one that I've gained through pure determination, not a school brand.
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Ultimately, that's the thing universities don't want to admit. Private universities are money-making
Ultimately, that's the thing universities don't want to admit. Private universities are money-making
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
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第 3／9页institutions.If you can afford to buy prestige,that's your choice.For the rest of us, however, our
institutions. If you can afford to buy prestige, that's your choice. For the rest of us, however, our
hearty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.
hearty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.
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networks, star faculty, and a résumé boost. But you needn't attend an Ivy League school to reap
networks, star faculty, and a resume boost. But you needn't attend an Ivy League school to reap
those rewards. Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my
those rewards. Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my
college, as well as VICEs first female editor-in-chief,Ellis Jones. Succesful people tend to be
college, as well as VICE's first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successful people tend to be
successful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools can have alumni networks
successful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools can have alumni networks
just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tier school alumni networks are
just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tier school alumni networks are
arguably stronger, because fellow alumni recognize that you didn't necessarily have an easy path
arguably stronger, because fellow alumni recognize that you didn't necessarily have an easy path
to follow.They might be more willig to offer career help, because your less famous school
to follow. They might be more willing to offer career help, because your less famous school
denotes that, like them, you are also full of energy and perseverance.
denotes that, like them, you are also full of energy and perseverance.
[K] The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, in which college
[K] The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, in which college
graduates who applied to the most selective schools in the 12th grade were compared to those
graduates who applied to the most selective schools in the 12th grade were compared to those
who applied to slightly less selective schools.They found that students with more potential earned
who applied to slightly less selective schools. They found that students with more potential earned
more as adults, and the reverse held true as well,no matter where they went to school.
more as adults, and the reverse held true as well, no matter where they went to school.
[L]Likewise, star faculty are not always found where you'd expect. Big name schools are not
[L] Likewise, star faculty are not always found where you'd expect. Big name schools are not
necessarily the best places for professors; plus, many professors split teaching time between
necessarily the best places for professors; plus, many professors split teaching time between
multiple colleges and/or universities. This means, for instance, a CUNY student could reasonably
multiple colleges and/or universities. This means, for instance, a CUNY student could reasonably
expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if
expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if
they were enrolled in the same class at NYU.
they were enrolled in the same class at NYU.
[M] It's possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educational
[M] It's possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educational
résumé,but it's no guarantee.According to a 2012 survey described in The Atlantic, college
resume, but it's no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in The Atlantic, college
reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluating graduates for hire,
reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluating graduates for hire,
beaten out by top factors like internships, employment during college, college major, volunteer
beaten out by top factors like intemships, employment during college, college major, volunteer
experience, and extracurriculars.
experience, and extracurriculars.
[N] Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they are
[N] Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they are
determined to.I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I'd still make the same
determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I'd still make the same
choice. Today Im debt-free,resourceful—and I understand that even the shiniest packaging can't
choice. Today I'm debt-free, resourceful-and I understand that even the shiniest packaging can't
predict what you'll find on the inside.
predict what you'll find on the inside.
36.Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.
36. Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.
37.The money the athor made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college.
3 7. The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college.
38.The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose a
38. The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose a
university to attend.
university to attend.
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第 4／9页39.A recent study found that a graduate's salary is determined by their potential, not the university
39. A recent study found that a graduate's salary is determined by their potential, not the university
they attended.
they attended.
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42.The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.
42. The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.
43.In order to be admited to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extracurricular
43. In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extar curricular
acatcitivviittiieess anandd aatttteennddeedd tteesstt pprreeppaarraattiioonn ccoourursseess..
44.The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.
44. The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.
45. Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.
45. Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.
Section C
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
Directions : There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
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and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
AnSwer Sheet 2 wih a single line through the centre.
Answer Sheet 2 with a si le line through the centre.
ng
Passage One
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the follo wing passage.
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
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BBurueareuau, , wwhhiicchh ffoouunndd tthhaatt aavveerraaggee hhoouusseehhoolldd inincocmomee rroossee bbyy 55..22%in i2n0 1250.1 5U.n fUornftourntuatnealteyl,y , tthhaatt
conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic.Among the more
conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more
sisgignniiffiiccanantt pprroobblleemmss wwiitthh tthhee CCenesnussu'ss's mmeaesausrure ea rare et hthata:t : 1)1 )i ti t execxlculduedse st atxaxese,s, trtrananssffeerrss, , anandd
cocmopmenpseantsiaotnio lni klie kee mepmployleory-eprr-opvriodveidd ehde ahletha lthin siunrsaurannce;c ea;n and 2d) 2i)t iti sis bbaasseedd oonn s usurvrveyesy sr aratthheerr tthhaann ddaattaa..
Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being,
Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being,
susucchh a sa s tthhee hhoouurrss ooff wwoorrkk nneeeeddeedd ttoo eeaarnrn tthhaatt ininccoommee..
WhWilhei let hthininkikinng ga baobuotu tt hthe eq queusetsitioonn,, wwee ccaamme ea carcorsoss sa ar erceecnetnltlyy ppuublbilisshheedd aartirticcllee bbyy CChhaarrlleess JJoonneess
and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means
and Peter Kienow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means
peprefrfeecctt,, iit t isi sc ocnosnisdiedrearbalbyl ym omorer e ccoommpprerehheennssiivvee thanthan aavveerraaggee iinnccoommee,, ttakakiinngg iinnttoo aaccccoouunntt nnoott oonnllyy
grgorowtwhth i ni nc ocnosnusmumpptiotino np epr erp eprseorsno nbu tb utal saols oc hcahnangesg eisn inw owrkoirnkgi ntgi mtiem, el,i flief ee xepxepcetcatanncyc,y ,a annd di nienqeuqaulailtityy..
MMoreoorveeorv,e ri, ti t ccaann bbee uusseedd ttoo aasssseessss eeccoonnoommicic ppeerrffoorrmanmancec eb obtohth a carcorossss ccoouunntrtriieess anandd oovveerr ttimimee..
TTheh eJ oJonense-s-KKleiennowo wm emtheothd ocda nc anbe biel lilulsutsrtraatteedd bbyy aa ccrroossss--ccoouunntrytry eexxamamppllee. .S Suuppppoossee wwee wwaanntt ttoo
compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S.and France in 2005.
compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe,real consumption per person in France was only 60s high as
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
第5/9页
第 5／9页tthhee UU..SS..,, mmakakiningg i tit aappppeeaarr tthhaatt AAmmeerriiccaannss wweerree eeccoonnoommiciaclalllyy mmucuhc hb ebtetteterr ooffff tthhanan ththee FFrreenncchh oonn
average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and
average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisuer time, life expectancy, and
economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer
economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer
hohuorurs;s ; tthheeyy eennjjooyy aa h ihgighehre rl iliffee eexxppeeccttaannccyy,, pprreessuummaablbyly r erefflleeccttiinngg aaddvvaannttaaggeess wwitithh rreessppeecctt ttoo hheeaalltthh
care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed
caer , diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed
there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France's consumption with the U.S.'s
there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France's consumption with the U.S.'s
ovoevresrtsatatteess tthhee ggaapp iinn eeccoonnoommiicc wweellffaareer ..
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example. this
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this
calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97of U.S.levels,but estimates
calculation puts economic welfaer in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates
Mexican well-being at 22%.
Mexican well-being at 22%.
TTheh eJ Joonneses--KKleiennowo wm emaseuarseur ec acnan a laslos oa sassseessss aann eeccoonnoommy'ys's ppeerrffoorrmmaannccee oovvere r ttiimmee.. AAccccoorrddiinngg ttoo
ththiiss mmeeaassuurere,, aass ooff ththee eeararlyl-yt-ot-om-midid-2-2000000ss,, th teh eU U..SS. .hhaadd tthhee hhiigghheesstt eeccoonnoommiicc wweellffaarree ooff aannyy llararggee
country.Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve.However, the pace of
country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of
improvement has slowed markedly.
improvement has slowed markedly.
MeMtethhodoodloolgoigciaclalllyy,, tthhee lleessssoonn frfroomm tthhee JJononeess--KiKleennooww r eresseeaarcrchh iiss tthahatt eeccoonnoommiicc wweleflafarree iiss mmululttii-
dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes
dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes
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46.What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?
46. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?
AA) )ItI t iiss bbaasseedd oon nq uquesetsitoinoanbalbe les tsattaitsisttiiccss..
B)B )ItIt rreefflleeccttss th teh ee ceocnoonommiicc cchhananggeess..
C) C ) ItI t eevviiddeenncceess tthhee iimmpprroovveedd wweleflfaarree..
DD) )ItIt pprroovviiddeess mumucchh ffoooodd f foorr tthhoouugghhtt..
47.What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?
47. What does the author say about the Jones-Kienow method?
AA)I)t Iti sis wwidideleyly uusseedd ttoo ccoommpapraree tthhee eeccoonnoommici cg rgorowtwhth a carcorsoss sc coouuntnrtriieess..
BB) )ItIt rreevvoolluuttiioonniizzeess ththee wwaayy ooff mmeaesausruriningg o rodridninararyy p epoepolpel'es's lliivveelliihhoooodd..
CC)I)tI tf ofocucsuesse so no np epoepolpel'es's ccoonnssuummptpitoino nr artahtheer r tthhaann tthheeiirr aavveerraaggee iinnccoommee..
DD) )ItIt iiss aa mmoorree ccoommpprerehheennsisivvee mmeaesausruer eo of fp peeooplpele''ss eeccoonnoommicic wwelelll--bbeeiinngg..
48.What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the US.in terms of real
48. What do Jones and Kienow think of the comparison between France and the U.S. in terms of real
consumption per person?
consumption per person?
AA) )ItI t rreefflleecctteedd ththee eexxiistsitnign gb ibgi gg agpa pb ebtewtweeeenn ththee twtwoo eeccoonnoommiieess..
BB) )ItIt nneegglleecctteedd mmanany yi mipmportoarntant it nidnidciactaotorsrs ooff ppeeoopplele''ss wweellffaarree..
CC) )ItIt ccoovveereredd u up pt hthe ed idfifffeerreenncceess bbeettwweeene ni nindidviivdiduaula lc ciittiizzeennss..
DD) )ItI t ffaaiilleedd ttoo ccoouunnt t iinn tthheeiirr ddiiffffeerreennccee iinn nnaattuurraall rreessoouurrcceess..
49.What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?
49. What is an advantage of the Jones-Kienow method?
AA)I)t Itc acnan a caccucurateratelyly ppiinnppooinintt aa ccoouunnttryry''ss ccuurrrreenntt e ceoconnoommiicc pprroobblleemmss..
BB)I)t Itc acnan h ehlepl pt oto r araiissee ppeeooppllee''ss aawwaarreenneessss ooff tthheeiirr eeccoonnoommiicc wweellll--bbeeiinngg..
CC)I)tI tc acnan d idaiaggnnosoes et hthee ccaauusseess ooff aa ccoouunnttryry''ss s lsolwowinigng p paaccee o off e ceocnoonommiicc imimpprroovveemmeenntt..
D)D )ItI t ccaann ccoommpaprare ea ac ocuonutnrtryy's' s eecconoonmoimc icc ocnodintdiitoinosn sb ebtewteweene ndi dffifferenterent ppeerriiooddss ooff ttiimmee..
淘宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
第6/9页
第 6／9页50.What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being?
50. What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being?
A) It is much better than that of their European counterparts.
A) It is much better than that of their European counterparts.
BB) )ItIt hhaass bbeeeenn o no nt hthe ed edcelcilnine ee evvere rs isinnccee tthhee tturnurn ooff tthhee cceennttuuryry..
C)C )ItIt hhaass nnoott iimmpprroovveedd aass mmuucchh a ass rreeppoorrtteedd bbyy ththee CCeennssuuss BBuurereaauu..
D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.
D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.
Passage Two
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
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at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's a scientific reason
at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's a scientific reason
behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing
behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing
indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't
indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn't
suffer the same pitfallls.
suffer the same pitfals.
The problem is"decision fatigue,"a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality
The problem is "decision fatigue," a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on the quality
of your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman,a leading psychologist.
of your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.
Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example,are more likely to prescribe
Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe
antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so."Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write
antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so. "Presumably it's because it's simple and easy to write
a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,"Polman says.
a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further," Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When
people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else,
people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else,
they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices."By taking upon the
they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices. "By taking upon the
role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,"
role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,"
he says."It's asif there's something fun and liberating about making someone else's choice."
he says. "It's as if there's something fun and liberating about making someone else's choice."
Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also
Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also
includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman."When
includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman. " When
people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to
people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices-they have a tendency to
choose to go with the status quo（现状），"he says."But the status quo can be problematic，，since a
choose to go with the status quo ( J,1.1!.;!:k.) ," he says. "But the status quo can be problematic, since a
change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome."
change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome."
In order to achieve a succesful outcome or reward,some level of risk is almost always essential.
In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential.
"People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,"he
"People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something," he
says."That's not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision
says. "That's not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision
fafatitigguuee aassssurureeddllyy lleeaaddss tot oi niancatciotnio nan adn dth teh pe opsosisbslieb lceh acghriagnr i(n •t（J!:懊·�恼) ）ofo fa ad edceicsiiosni omn akmaekre rw whhoo mmiigghhtt
otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered."
otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered."
Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do the same for yourself,
Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do the same for yourself,
Polman cautions."Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do
Polman cautions. "Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do
for themselves,"he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
for themselves," he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
第7/9页
第 7／9页51. What does the author say about people making decisions?
51. What does the author say about people making decisions?
AA) )TThehye ym amya yb ebceocmoem eex heaxuhsautesdt ebdy b ym amkiakngi ntgo oto om amnyan dye cdiesciiosinosn sf ofor r tthheemmsseellvveess..
B) They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
B) They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
C)C )ThTehye yt etnedn dt oto m makake ed edceicsiisoionns s tthhee wwaayy t thheeyy tthhiinnkk aaddvvaannttaaggeeoouuss ttoo ththeemm..
DD)T)heTyh esyho swh coown sciodnersaidbelrea bdlief fdeirffeencreensc eisn itnh ethire ird edceicsiisoion-nm-amkakingin gab ailbiiltiitieess..
52. What does the example about the physicians illustrate?
52. What does the example about the physicians illustrate?
AA) )PaPtaitieenntsts sseellddoomm r reecceeiivvee dduuee ccaarere ttoowwaarrddss tthhee eenndd ooff tthhee ddaayy..
B)BP)rePsrcersicprtipiotino no fo fa nantitbiiboiotiticcss ccaann bbee hhaarmfulrnful toto ppaattiieennttss'' hheeaalltthh..
C)C )DeDceicsiisoionn f afattiigguuee mmaayy pprreevveenntt ppeeooppllee mmaakkiningg w wisies ed deceicsisiioonnss..
D)D )MeMdiecdailc adlo cdtoocrtso rasr ear ees peescpieaclilayll ys ussucsecpetpitbilbel et oto ddeceicsisiioonn ffaattiigguuee..
53. When do people feel less decision fatigue?
53. When do people feel less decision fatigue?
A) When they take decision shortcuts.
A) When they take decision shortcuts.
B) When they help others to make decisions.
B) When they help others to make decisions.
C)C )WWhenh etnh ethye yh ahvave em amjoajro rd edceicsisiioonnss ttoo mmaakkee..
D) When they have advisers to turn to.
D) When they have advisers to turn to.
54. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?
54. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in?
AA) )ThTehye yt uturnrm t ot op hpyhsyisciicaiannss ffoorr aaddvviiccee..
B)B )ThTehye yt etnedn dt oto m makake er irsiskkyy d deceicsisiioonnss..
C) They adopt a totally new perspective.
C) They adopt a totally new perspective.
D) They refrain from trying anything new.
D) They refrain from trying anything new.
55. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?
55. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making?
AA) )ItI t iiss vviittaall foforr oonnee ttoo rreeaacchh ththee ggooaall ddeessiirreedd..
BB) )ItI t iiss lliikkeellyy toto eennttaaiil ls esreiroiuosu sc ocnonsseeqquueenncceess..
CC) )ItIt wwililll eennaabbllee ppeeooppllee ttoo bbee mmoorree ccrreeaattiivvee..
D) It will more often than not end in regret.
D) It will more often than not end in regret.
Part IV
Translation
(30 minutes)
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
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淘宝店铺∶光速考研工作室
第 8 /9页
第 8／9页Part I Writing
(30 minutes)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
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Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30minues to wrie an essay on the importance of
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to wriie an essay on the importance of
building trust between businesses and consumers.You can cite examples to illustrate
building trust between businesses and consumers. You can cite exampl,es to illustrate
your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
your views. You shoukl write at I.east 150 words but no more than 200 words.
淘 宝店铺∶ 光速考研工作室
第 9/9页
第 9／9页
