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六级通关模拟卷（第五套）
PartI Writing (30minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Is Rich Second Generation the
Fallen Generation following the outline given below. You should write at least150 words but no more than 200
words.
1.新闻舆论使“富二代”一词进入人们的视线
2.有人认为富二代是堕落的一代
3.我的看法
PartII ListeningComprehension (30minutes)
SectionA
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports.At the end of each conversation, you will hear four
questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must
choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on
AnswerSheet 1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1.A）Thesamechildatdifferenttimeanddifferentlocations.
B）Differentchildrenatthesametimeandthesamelocation.
C)Thesamechildatthesametimeandthesamelocation.
D)Differentchildrenatdifferenttimeanddifferentlocations.
2.A）Makeapresentationafterhandinginthepaper.
B）Studythenotesandfindoutwhatkindofbehaviorisinfluencedbytheenvironment.
C)Studythenotesandfindpublishedtheoriesforthepresentation.
D)Writeapaperdirectlyinaccordancewiththeobservations.
3.A）It’sforthepresentation. B）It’sforthepaper.
C)It’sfortheobservations. D)It’sfortheconclusion.
4.A）Ignorethepresentation. B）Dividetheassignment.
C)Omitsomechapters. D)Listenmorecarefully.
Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejusthead.
5.A）CharlesDarwin. B）PatrickMatthew.
C)AlfredRusselWallace. D)MatthewWallace.
6.A）Lookitupinhertextbook. B）SearchontheInternet.
C)Askherprofessorforhelp. D)Gotothelibrary.
7.A）Acleverclogknowseverythingintheworld.
B）Allthelivingcreatureshavethesameancestor.
C)Speciescanchangeintootherspeciesthroughnaturalselection.
D)Ideasaretransformativeandcanbeunited.
8.A）Someofthemdiedoutbecausetheycouldn’tadapttotheirenvironment.
B）Theyreproducedinlargenumberstokeepthespeciessurvive.
C)Someofthemdevelopedtheabilitytochangetheirsurroundings.
D)Theyallevolvedintootherspecies.
1SectionB
Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation, you will hear
four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you
must choosethe bestanswer fromthe four choices markedA), B), C), andD).Then mark thecorresponding letter
onAnswerSheet 1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
9.A）SheperformedactingrolesforTVshows. B）Shesangforalocalmusicgroup.
C)Shereleasedherfirstmusicalbum. D)ShejoinedamusictourofAmerica.
10.A）Best-sellingFemaleArtist. B）QueenofPop.
C)MTVVideoMusicAwards. D)TheStarofHollywood.
11.A）Shedivorcedherhusband. B）ShewonaGrammyAward.
C)Shewasengagedandmarried. D)Shereleasedhercomebackalbum.
Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
12.A）IthasthehighestwatercleanlinessstandardinEurope.
B）IthasthebestnaturalswimmingpoolinEurope.
C)IthasthebestpurificationspecialistinEurope.
D)IthasthecleanestriverinEurope.
13.A）Whetherthewateriscleanenough.
B）Ifitcanbeusedinvariousweatherconditions.
C)Ifitwillleadtolessvisitors.
D)Whethertherivertrafficwillbeaffected.
14.A）Toseparatethehangingroomsfromthepool.
B）Toprovideapathtotheswimmingarea.
C)Tomakethepoolshallowenoughforchildren.
D)Toprotectpeoplefromwavescausedbyrivertraffic.
15.A）Environmentagencies. B）ThecityofLondon.
C)Thestategovernment. D)Publicdonation.
SectionC
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.
Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour
choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line
throughthecentre.
Questions16to19arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
16.A）Everyoneshouldadmitthattheyhaveenemies.
B）Humblepeoplehavefewerenemies.
C)Itisterribletohaveenemies.
D)Generouspeoplehavenoenemies.
17.A）Peoplearebornwiththem. B）Theyareinvalid.
C)Peoplecannotgetridofthem. D)Theycandestroypeople’sambitions.
18.A）Fear. B）Worry. C)Doubt. D)Overcaution.
19.A）Itmakespeoplementallyill.
B）Ithinderspeople’simprovement.
C）Itgivespeopletoomuchstress.
D)Itmakespeoplesuccessful.
Questions20to22arebasedtotherecordingyouhavejustheard.
220.A）Typingnotesoncomputersislesseffective.
B）Manycollegestudentspreferwritingnotesbyhand.
C)Writingnotesbyhandismuchbetterforlong-termmemory.
D)Computersmayhurtstudents’academicperformance.
21.A）Becausetheyaretoolazytowritedowntoomanywords.
B）Becausetheywriteslowerthantheytype.
C)Becausetheycan’trememberallthewords.
D)Becausetheycan’tunderstandwhattheteachersays.
22.A）Turnoffthecomputeandwritenotesbyhand.
B）Writedownwhattheprofessorsaysword-for-word.
C)Typeslowlytosummarizethemainpoints.
D)Usesometechnologiesforwritingnotesbyhandoncomputers.
Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
23.A）Peopleseldomtalkabouthappinessthesedays.
B）Thenumberofbookswith“happiness”inthetitleislessthan40.
C)Thereisahugewaveofinterestinhappinessamongresearchers.
D)Thereareafewtrapsthatmakeitpossibletothinkstraightabouthappiness.
24.A）Thehugewaveofinterestinhappiness.
B）Areluctancetoadmitcomplexity.
C)Aconfusionbetweenexperienceandmemory.
D)Thefocusingillusion.
25.A）Itissomeonewholivesinthepast.
B）Itissomeonewhoiscapableofre-livingthepast.
C)Itissomeonewhomaintainsthestoryofourlife.
D)Itissimilartotherememberingself.
PartⅢ Reading Comprehension (40minutes )
SectionA
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank
from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before
making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for
each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the
bankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
As the recent courgette (密生西葫芦) crisis and shortages of lettuce , eggplants and broccoli (绿花椰菜)
have shown . Spain’s fame as the vegetable garden of Europe is well deserved . The country’s huge agricultural
sector-courgettes,lettuces,tomatoesandstrawberries-__26____ahugedemand.
There has been a major ___27____towards mechanisation since the 1950s , but just as in the UK ,many crops
still need to be harvested hand , and many farmers rely on migrant labour . Even where mechanisation can be
used,pickingmachinestendtobetooexpensiveand___28___forsmall-scalefarmers.
Thetensionbetweenlocals andmigrantworkers ,___29____fromNorth andSub-SaharanAfrica andeastern
Europe-is nota bigproblem, asmanyofthe foreign workers have proper___30____andreturn tothe same farms
yearafteryear.They’reknownandthat’simportant.
Alfrut-a company in the south-western province of Huelva that exports strawberries , raspberries , and other
fruits around the EU--still harvests by hand . “There is a machine that gathers strawberries , but you have to
___31___the cropto themachine ,” saysAgustin Muriel , a technicalandquality controlexpertatAlfrrt . “If we
were to use machines , we would have to ___32___our entire infrastructure and it would require a lot of
3investmentinmachinery,whichisdesignedmainlyforlargeareasandreallybigcompanies.”
He adds that the ___33___ , manual approach is likely to continue for the ___34____future , as fruit prices
aren’thigh enough to allow farmers to make bi___35___in machineryorspendmoneyreconfiguring(重新配置)
theiroperations.
A)adapt I)investments
B)attach J)modify
C)contracts K)predominantly
D)feeds L)preference
E)foreseeable M)shift
F)heralds N)traditional
G)impractical O)unexpectedly
H)inaccessible
SectionB
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement
containsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by
markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
CanthePCIndustryResurrectItself?
[A]InternetDataCenter’s(IDC)recentreportstatedthatPCshipmentsdeclined13.9%lastquarter,theworst
since IDS has been tracking PCs . It says a lot about the state of the PC industry . The role PCs are paying in
people’s lives is changing , and the growing demand for tablets and smartphones has taken its toll in the PC
market . Last week my son Ben , in his column for TIME Tech entitled The iPad-Sized Nail in the PC’s Coffin
laidmuchoftheblameontheiPadfordeflatingPCsales.Benalsomadethepointthatpeopleareeitherkeeping
their current PCs longer or if they buy a new PC or laptop, they buy cheaper models because they are “good
enough”touseforanycomputingneedsthatcan’tbeaccomplishedonatable.
[B] But is the PC really dead ?And if not , how will PC vendors respond to this challenge from tablets and
smartphones?Itturnsoutthatpeoplehavefoundtheycandoasmuchas80%onatabletthattheyusedtodoon
a PC . However , they have also found out that tablets by themselves cannot meet all of their digital computing
needs , especially for handling things like media management , extensive photo editing , making complex home
movies,doingtheirtaxesandothersimilartasks ,ThissuggeststhatiftheyonlyneedaPC20%ofthetime,the
needtobuyanexpensivePCdoesnotmakesenseformostpeople.
[C] For the past 10 years , a good part of PC sales were for laptops and PCs in the $799--$999 range-those
which have higher-end processors , extended graphics capabilities and more on-board memory and hare drive
spacethanlaptopsandPCspricedwellbelow$699.WearehearingfromconsumersthatiftheyonlyuseaPCor
laptop 20% of the time , the highest price they want to pay is $599 , with most preferring price points of
$399-$449 . This is why Ultrabook sales have been very disappointing for the PC vendors who hoped that their
touch-basedUltrabookspricedfrom$799-$1,099wouldbebigsellers.
[D] While PC vendors are quite aware of the shift in consumer buying trends for PCs , they are not about to
give up without a fight .Almost all are trying to do tables of their own and some, like Lenovo , are even doing
smartphonesandhave actuallydonequitewellintheAsianandChinese smartphonemarkets .Ithink thatreality
hassunkinforthevendors,andtheynowunderstandthatthemarketforlaptopsandPCsinthe$699-$999price
pointisbeingmarginalized.
[E] The good news is that there is still healthy demand for upscale laptops and PCs in the $1,099-$1,499
price range . But demand for these is mostly in the IT , business and SMB market , a much smaller market that
4the consumer sector . Even though volume in these is smaller than those that sell into the consumer market , the
margins are good , so these vendors are happywith whatthey callthe premium market for PCs . However , they
atealsoshiftingmuchoftheir effortstocreatinglowcostclamshell-based(翻盖式物品)laptopsandtabletswith
very aggressive pricing , and hope to use these to lure millions of PC users who have tablets but still need a PC
forsometaskstoupgradetheircurrentPCstomoreup-to-datetouch-basedmodels.
[F] In fact , Intel CEO Paul Otellini gave us some indication of Intel and its PC partners’strategy last week
when he spoke on a conference call regarding Intel’s recent earnings announcement . He said , “If you look at
touch-enabled non-core Intel-based notebooks that are ultrathin , those prices are going to be down to as low as
$200,” hinting perhaps at more affordable laptops andWindows 8tablets on the horizon . Weare hearing that all
ofthePCvendorsareworkingonwhattheycall“ultramobiles”,whichareverylowcosttouch-basedclamshells
andconvertibletabletsforthisholidayseason.
[G] Key to understanding ultramobile designs in that while some will look like normal laptops or
convertibles , to get this distinction , and to qualify for Microsoft’s low cost license to use Windows Blue , they
have to be systems that only use Intel’s Atom chip or a similar competitive one from AMD .Ultimately , the
vendors believe these ultramobiles could help drive PC sales higher due to consumers’demand to upgrade their
laptopstotouch-basedsystems.Bytheway,clamshell-basedChromebooksareinthisultramobilecategorytoo,
eventhoughtheyuseGoogle’sChromewebbrowserastheoperatingsystem.
[H] Consumers have gotten very comfortable with touch interfaces on their smartphones and tablets and it is
logical that they would want a similar interface on any new PC or laptop they upgrade to in the future . Indeed ,
this is what Intel , Microsoft and their PC partners are banking on . While they accept that users’ primary
computing tasks are shifting to smartphones and tablets , they are convinced that even if they use a PC 20% of
their digital computing needs , the next one they buy will be touch-based . While Intel , Microsoft and the
vendors would prefer selling people touchscreen ultrabooks at higher prices, they are now realizing that
consumers want really low priced touchscreen ultrabooks at are good enough to handle anything they can’t get
done on a tablet or smartphone . T his is why ultramobile devices are being created. It does not mean that
consumers will not have higher-end Intel touch-based Ultrabooks to choose from as well , but most of these will
beatleast%599andhigher.
[I] So what does this mean for consumers this fall?Although consumers have been able to buy what we call
value notebooks well under $599 for some time, most of these use older processors, non-touch screens, and
traditional hard drives and are bulky with poor battery life; their days are numbered. The industry will still offer
someofthesetypesofvaluenotebooks foratleastanotheryear.ButthepushwillbeverystrongfromIntel,AMD
and Microsoft to drive everyone to touch-based laptops in various price ranges, making it more likely that if a
personneeds tobuya new PCthere will bea touch-basedWindows8 laptop theycanafford.I suspectthatwithin
12-18months,non-touch-basedlaptopsofanyflavorwillbehardtofind.
[J]What consumers can expect this fall are ultramobiles using either Intel’s Atom processor or the Temash
version fromAMD, with touchscreens, SSD drives, and thin and light designs. They will come in many flavors.
Some will be traditional clamshells, sporting screens from 10.1 to 11.6 inches. Some will be what we call
convertibles, which are clamshells that look like a traditional laptops but the screens pop off to become tablets.
Some models will be like Lenovo’s Yoga, a laptop in which the screen folds back to make it a tablet, except the
screen is not detachable. And some will be exactly like Microsoft’s current Surface Pro or Surface RT models.
Moreimportantly,theywillallbepricedunder$599withsomecominginaslowas$399-499bytheholidays.
[K]Vendors will also offer Ultrabooks that use Intel’s dual-core processors, flash memory, touchscreens and
also be thin and light but they will all be at least $599 and up.And of course if you really want a powerful PC or
laptop, these will available too, all in touch versions, starting from $999 and above. We also expect to see many
newWindowsBluetabletsinthe7“to9”screensizesintimefortheholidays.
[L]Although the PC market is changing, it is clear that for many people, a PC or laptop could still be
important. The industry is ready to move these people to touch-based systems with the next generation of user
5interfaces, at all types of price ranges. PC makers will try and make themselves as relevant as possible to the
businessandconsumermarketsforaslongastheycan.
36.AstothePCusers,itisenoughtokeeptheircurrentPClongerorbuycheapermodels.
37.PC or laptop should upgrade becauseconsumers have gotten very comfortable with touch interfaces ontheir
smartphonesandtablets.
38.Ultramobilecomputersarebeingcreatedwithhigher-endInteltouch-basedPCwithahigherprice.
39.UsingPCcomputercanmeetmorerequirementssuchashandlingmediamanagement.
40.ManynewWindowsBluetabletsthan10.1inchesscreensizesmayemergefortheholidays.
41.After12-18months,alllaptopsmaybetouch-basedinthemarket.
42. Having understood the consumer’s buying trends for PCs, the computer manufacturers join into the market
fighting.
43.PCshipmentsdeclinedatleastone-eighthlastquarterbyInternetDataCenter’s.
44.ConsumerswanttopayPClessthan$599becausetheyonlyusealaptop20%ofthetime.
45.ApowerfulPCorlaptopwithtouch-basedversionsapproximatelycostyou$1,000.
SectionC
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best
choiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet 2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Anew, theoretical analysis finds that about half of the risk factors forAlzheimer’s disease(老年痴呆症)are
potentially changeable, and that reducing them could substantially decrease the number of new cases of disease
worldwide,accordingtoastudytobepresentedTuesdayattheAlzheimer’sAssociationInternationalConference.
The study is the first known analysis that tries to quantify and compare how risk factors are associated with
Alzheimer’s. It will be published Tuesday on the journal Lancet Neurology’s website after the conference
presentation.
Factorsthatincreaseone’sriskforAlzheimer’sthatareconsideredmodifiableincludediabetes(糖尿病)，high
blood pressure, obesity, smoking, sedentary behavior, depression and low educational level, say the authors from
theUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.
In the U.S., physical inactivity is the biggest changeable factor, accounting for 20% of the risk for
Alzheimer’sfollowedbydepressionandsmoking.Addedtogether,thefactorsaccountforabout50%oftherisk.
If theserisk factorswere decreasedbyjust10%, about184,000Alzheimer’scases intheU.S. and1.1million
casesworld-widecouldbeprevented,accordingtotheresearch.Areductionof25%onallsevenriskfactorscould
preventnearlyhalfamillioncasesintheU.S.andmorethanthreemillionworld-wide,theanalysesshowed.
“The estimates suggest that in the population, up to half of Alzheimer’s cases could be modifiable,” said
DeborahBarnes,aprofessoratUCSF whowillpresenttheresults. “If wechanged thoserisk factors..itcouldhave
thishugeimpactatthepopulationlevel,”shesaidinaninterview.
Onecaveat(警告)tothesefindings： Theyarebasedonmathematicalmodelsthatpredictwhatmighthappen
if the assumptions on which the model was based are real. In this case, the researchers assumed that the risk
factors caused Alzheimer’s disease, which means that if they were modified, the rates of Alzheimer’s would
changeaswell.
In reality, the causes of Alzheimer’s are still unclear, and it hasn’t been proven that stopping smoking , for
example,actuallylowersone’sriskofgettingit.
These estimates were calculated based on published data about how frequently the risk factors occur in the
6populationaswellastheextenttowhicheachfactorincreasesone’sriskofAlzheimer’s,knownasrelativerisk.
Thenextstepinthisworkistodopreventiontrialstotrytomodifytheseriskstoseeiftheycanactuallykeep
offAlzheimer’s, Dr.Barnessays. She hopes to conducta trial onphysical activity,because it is known to help the
brain,theheartandmood,shesays.
46.What’sthelatestfindingonAlzheimer’sdisease?
A)Itcouldbecured. C)Itcouldbepotentiallyprevented.
B)Itcouldbeignored. D)Itcouldbegottenridofworldwide.
47.What’sthebiggestchangeablefactorthatmayleadtoAlzheimer’sdiseaseinU.S.?
A)Diabetes. B)Highbloodpressure.
C)Depression. D)Physicalinactivity.
48.Whyarethefindingsbasedonmathematicmodelsandassumptions?
A)BecauseAlzheimer’sdiseaseisanassumedone.
B)BecauseAlzheimer’sdiseasecannotbeprevented.
C)BecausethecausesofAlzheimer’sdiseasearestillnotclear.
D)BecausethesymptomsofAlzheimer’sdiseasecanhardlybechanged.
49.Whataretheresearchersgoingtodonext?
A)Developmedicinesforthedisease. B)Dopreventiontrials.
C)Publishwarningagainstthedisease. D)Stayawayformthedisease.
50. By saying “it seems like the biggest bang for your buck”(Line3, Para. 10),Dr. Barnes means that physical
activities__.
A)willcostpeoplealotofmoney B)aresomethingworthwhile
C)willcostpeoplealotofenergy D) arealmostfreeofcost
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
After years of dithering(徘徊犹豫),America is set for patent reform. On September 6th a bill proposing to
changethesystempassedishighestproceduralhurdle（障碍）intheSenate.WithBarackObamasupportive,this
meanstheAmericaInventsActcouldsoonbesignedintolaw.
Instead of the “first to invent” principle, which America currently uses, patents will be awarded to
inventors who are the “first to file”, This is similar to the system most other countries use. The aim is to avoid
longanddifficultlegalargumentsoverwhowasthefirsttocomeupwithanidea.
As in most cases of patent law it is not going to be that simple. One criticism is that being first-to-file gives
big and sophisticated organizations, highly experienced at the difficult job of filing for patents, an advantage over
smaller outfits that may be technically brilliant but not legally savvy. Another problem is that first-to-file may
makecompaniesrushtoputinforapatentbeforetheirinventionistrulyready.
Moreover,thelaw doeslittle to addressthe more basicproblem ofa patentsystem thathasgrown in expense
for all kinds of companies that want to protect their ideas. With the number of disputed cases going to trial, legal
costshaveballooned.Tomany,thesystemlookslikealottery.
Those who think that patents are granted too easily complain that the bill will still allow too many suits,
especially those by “non-practising entities” ,which are also known derisively(嘲笑地)as “patent trolls”.
They buy up patents and then license them or sue for infringement, rather than using the patents themselves. The
too-many-patents crowdwanted todo away,in particular,with “business-method” patents,which claim to have
invented a new way of doing business. Instead, the bill did this only for the financial industry, after strenuous(费
力的)lobbyingbyWallStreet.Andmanyadvocatedmakingithardertogetanykindofpatentatall.
The bill does make some changes that could be positive. It creates several new procedures to deter or defeat
badpatents. First, one would let an alleged infringer of a patent challenge its validity at the Patent andTrademark
7Office(PTO),ratherthangoing tocourt.Thiswould,in theory,becheaperandfaster.Butitcouldstill befollowed
byalawsuit.
Second, the bill expands the right of third parties to join the fray(争斗)at the PTO by showing “prior
art”—meaning theinvention is alreadyknown aboutandsoa patentshouldnotbegranted.This mightsave time
and money for firms which would be affected by a dodgy patent, allowing them to argue things out at an early
stageratherthanlateroninacostlycourtroom.
51.WhatprincipleisthepresentpatentlawfollowingintheU.S.?
A)Theprincipleof“firsttofile”. B)Theprincipleof“firsttoinvent”.
C)Theprincipledifferenttoothers. D)Nofixedprinciple.
52.Whataretheproblemsin“firsttofile”patentsystem?
A)Organizationsarereluctanttofileforpatents.
B)Smallandinexperiencedfirmsarehardtofileforpatents.
C)Thelawprovideslittleprotectiontothepatentrights.
D)Thelawadvocateslawsuitsofpatentrights.
53.The“firsttofile”patentsystemlookslikealotterybecausethepatentright_______.
A)isnotfixedundercurrentsystem B)needsalongtimetofile
C)oftengetsinvolvedincostlylawsuit D)isnotprotectedbythelaw
54.What’sthecomplaintaboutthenewbill?
A)Itishardertofileapatentunderthenewbill.
B)Itishardertodecidethepatentrightunderthenewbill.
C)Thenewbillcannotstoplawsuitsonpatentrights.
D)Thenewbilldoesnotprotectthe“business-method”patents.
55.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewpatentbill?
A)Supportive. C)Objective.
B)Doubtful. D)Subjective.
PartⅣ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto
English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet 2.
中国是率先拥有医药文化的几个国家之一。与西医相比，中医的治疗方法完全不同。经过5000年的
发展，中医已经对医药学（medicalscience）、理论、诊断方法、处方等方面形成了一个深刻且全面的理解。
中医医生可以没有任何辅助设备，只通过一次体检就能够治愈无数病人，这实在是一个奇迹。四诊法包括
望、闻、问、切（observation,auscultationandolfaction,interrogation,pulse-takingandpalpation）。其中，“望”
是指医生直接从病人的外貌来获悉病人的情况。由于外部面貌与内部器官是相对应的，当内部器官出现问
题时，会直接地显现在外部皮肤上。
8
