第 09 讲 Unit5 Power of ideas
Section A What changes can inventions bring to our
lives?
Part 1：单词加油站
英文 音标 中文 英文 音标 中文
invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ invent /ɪnˈvent/
camera /ˈkæmərə/ all over the world
laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ suppose /səˈpəʊz/
high-speed train be supposed to do
super /ˈsuːpə(r)/ wheel /wiːl/
sunglasses /ˈsʌnɡlɑːsɪz/ frozen /ˈfrəʊzn/
mini- /ˈmɪni/ complete /kəmˈpliːt/
itself /ɪtˈself/ layer /ˈleɪə(r)/
button /ˈbʌtn/ melt /melt/
hundreds (of...) pipe /paɪp/
produce /prəˈdjuːs/ tunnel /ˈtʌnl/
file /faɪl/ tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/
plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ gain /ɡeɪn/
printer /ˈprɪntə(r)/
Part 2：课文知识讲
解
3a
Fu Xing: What do you think is the most useful invention of all
time, Peter?
Peter: It has to be the radio.Fu Xing
FuXing: The radio? Why?
Peter: Before the radio was invented, information travelled very
slowly. The world was made much smaller by the radio.
Suddenly, news could be spread around the world in seconds.
FuXing: Right. Who was the inventor?
Peter: An Italian inventor called Guglielmo Marconi. He developed the idea in the 390s. In 1901, a
radio message was sent across the Atlantic
Peter: Ocean for the first time.
FuXing: Wow! That was quite a distance at that time.
Peter: Yeah. And because of the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well.
Fu Xing: Like the television?
Peter: That's right. It also had a big effect on music. The radio made it much easier for people to
enjoy music from artists around the world.
1.invention
【含义】 n.________
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页 共 页【搭配】 a great invention ________；the invention of the phone ________
【同根词】 ________ (v. 发明) → ________(n. 发明家) →________ (n. 发明)
【例句】 The smartphone is one of the most useful inventions in the 21st century.
2.in seconds
【含义】 ________
【搭配】 finish the work in seconds ________；reply in seconds ________
【例句】 He solved the simple math problem in seconds.
3.for the first time
【含义】 ________
【搭配】 try sth. for the first time ________；meet sb. for the first time ________
【例句】 She felt nervous when she gave a speech for the first time.
4.distance
【含义】 n.________
【搭配】 a long distance ________；keep a distance ________；distance between A and B ________
【同根词】 ________ (adj. 遥远的) → ________(n. 距离)
【例句】 The distance between my home and school is about two kilometers.
5.had a big effect on
【含义】 ________
【搭配】 have a big effect on study ________；have a big effect on life ________
have a positive/negative effect on ________
核心短语：have an effect on = influence (v./n. 影响)
【同根词】 effect (n. ________) → effective (adj. ________)；
【例句】 The new method had a big effect on his memory improvement.
4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in brackets. Make a profile of
the Qinghai-Xizang Railway.
The Qinghai-Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It________(connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge
distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the highest railway in the world, reaching S,072 metres above
sea level at Tanggula Pass.
The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas________(need) to solve different
problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build
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页 共 页on, so pipes________(use) to keep the ground hard. However, in some places, it was impossible to
build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to________(create) instead. In some other
places, bridges ________(build) to keep the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-
friendly and________(allow) animals to pass under the tracks.
As an important and successful project, the railway has_______(increase) tourism and economic
development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will
help________(improve) transport in other similar places in the world.
6. complete
【含义】 adj. ________；v. ________
【搭配】 a complete set ________；complete information ________；complete the task ________
【同根词】 ________ (adv. 完全地)；________ (n. 完成)
【例句】 She needs three days to complete the project.
This is a complete story with a happy ending.
7. layer
【含义】 n. ________；v. ________
【搭配】 a layer of snow ________；a layer of skin ________；layer sth. with ________
【例句】 There is a thick layer of ice on the lake in winter.
8. frozen
【含义】 adj. ________；v. freeze (冻结) 的过去分词 / 过去式
【搭配】 frozen food ________；frozen water ________；frozen ground ________
【同根词】 freeze (v. ________) → ________ (过去式) → ________ (过去分词 /adj. 冻结的)
【例句】 We bought some frozen vegetables for dinner.
9.animal-friendly
【含义】 adj. ________
【搭配】 an animal-friendly policy________ ；animal-friendly products ________
【构成】 animal (n. 动物) + friendly (adj. 友好的) → 合成形容词（类似：environment-friendly
________）
【例句】 This farm is an animal-friendly place where animals can live freely.
【即学即用】
一、短语互译
英译汉
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页 共 页1.all over the world → __________ 4.have a big effect on → __________
2.be supposed to do → __________ 5.in seconds → __________
3.hundreds of → __________ 6.for the first time → __________
汉译英
1.高速列车 → __________ 4.应当做某事 → __________
2.对动物友好的 → __________ 5.全世界 → __________
3.大量；许多 → __________ 6.对…… 有很大影响 → __________
二、词汇变形
1.invent（v. 发明；编造）→ __________（n. 发明）
2.complete（v. 完成）→ __________（n. 完成）
3.effect（n. 影响）→ __________（adj. 有效的）
4.produce（v. 生产）→ __________（n. 产品）
5.improve（v. 改善）→ __________（n. 改善）
6.create（v. 创造）→ __________（n. 创造）
7.develop（v. 发展）→ __________（n. 发展）
8.freeze（v. 冻结）→ __________（adj. 冻结的）
9.tour（v. 旅行）→ __________（n. 旅游业）
三、语法填空
1.My brother __________（be）good at making model planes.
2.The new library __________（open）to the public last month.
3.We __________（suppose）to bring our textbooks to class every day.
4.Pipes __________（use）to keep the frozen ground hard in summer.
5.She wants __________（learn）how to operate the new printer.
6.The bridge __________（be）animal-friendly and allows animals to pass safely.
7.They __________（not finish）the task yesterday because of the rain.
8.This machine __________（have）a special button to control its speed.
9.Many people enjoy __________（listen）to music on the radio.
10.The top layer of the frozen ground __________（melt）easily in hot weather.
四、根据汉语意思填空
1.The __________（土壤）here is very fertile for growing vegetables.
2.This __________（照相机）can take clear photos in dark places.
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页 共 页3.She pressed the __________（按钮）and the machine started working.
4.The __________（车轮）of the car was broken on the way.
5.We need a __________（打印机）to print the documents.
6.The __________（隧道）through the mountain is 5 kilometers long.
7.There is a thick __________（层）of dust on the old book.
8.__________（旅游业）is an important industry in many cities.
9.He carried a __________（笔记本电脑）to work every day.
10.The __________（管道）carries water to the village.
Part 3：语法突破
一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态
一、被动语态的定义
核心概念：表示动作的承受者（主语）被动作执行者（常省略或用 by 引出）施加动作，强调 “被
怎样”。
•对比主动语态：
◦主动：主语（动作执行者）+ 谓语（动作）+ 宾语（动作承受者）
例：Tom cleans the room.（汤姆打扫房间。）
◦被动：主语（动作承受者）+ be + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）
例：The room is cleaned by Tom.（房间被汤姆打扫。）
二、被动语态的核心结构
时态 被动结构 例句（主动→被动）
一般现在时 am /is/are + 过去分词 主动：He writes letters.
被动：Letters are written by him.
一般过去时 was/were +过去分词 主动：They built a school.
被动：A school was built by them last
year.
记忆口诀
被动语态不复杂，“be + 过去分词” 是核心；时态体现在 be 上，过去分词永远不变形。
三、被动语态的常用场景（初中必记）
1.不知道动作执行者：
例：The window was broken yesterday.（窗户昨天被打破了。→ 不知道谁打破的）
2.强调动作承受者：
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页 共 页例：Our team was praised by the teacher.（我们队被老师表扬了。→ 强调 “我们队”）
3.动作执行者不重要或显而易见：
例：Books are sold in the bookstore.（书在书店里出售。→ 执行者是书店，无需说明）
4.正式场合或书面语中：
例：Rules must be followed in the school.（学校里必须遵守规则。）
四、主动语态变被动语态的步骤（四步法）
1.找宾语：把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语；
2.变动词：主动句的谓语动词变成 “be + 过去分词”（be 动词时态与主动句一致）；
3.加 by：主动句的主语变成 by 的宾语（可省略，尤其当执行者不明时）；
4.调语序：调整其他成分，保持句子通顺。
例句演示（主动→被动）
主动：They plant trees every spring.（他们每年春天种树。）
步骤 1：宾语 trees 变主语 → Trees
步骤 2：plant 变 are planted（一般现在时）→ are planted
步骤 3：执行者 they 变 by them（可省略）→ by them
步骤 4：调整后 → Trees are planted (by them) every spring.
【即学即用】
一、根据原形写过去式和过去分词
work stop
clean carry
play do
visit go
talk see
want take
help eat
finish write
二、用括号内动词的正确被动形式填空（be + 过去分词）
1.English ____________ (speak) all over the world.
2.Trees ____________ (plant) in spring every year.
3.The classroom ____________ (clean) every day.
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页 共 页4.Flowers ____________ (water) by my grandma every morning.
5.Letters ____________ (send) by post every day.
6.This song ____________ (like) by many people.
7.Computers ____________ (use) widely in schools.
8.The door ____________ (lock) every night.
9.Rubbish ____________ (throw) into the bin every day.
10.Homework ____________ (finish) before dinner.
三、补全句子
1.原句：The printer is used to print documents.（一般现在时）
◦ 否定句：The printer __________ __________ to print documents.
◦ 疑问句：__________ the printer __________ to print documents?
2.原句：The tunnel was built in 2010.（一般过去时）
◦ 否定句：The tunnel __________ __________ built in 2010.
◦ 疑问句：__________ the tunnel __________ in 2010?
3.原句：These rules are followed by all students.（一般现在时）
◦ 否定句：These rules __________ __________ followed by all students.
◦ 疑问句：__________ these rules __________ by all students?
Part 4：课堂综合练习
一、根据汉语意思选择填空
1.This old road is very _____（rough /wide）, so it's difficult for cars to pass.（崎岖的）
2.The __________（frozen /melted）food can be kept for a long time.（冷冻的）
3.This is a __________（super /mini-）computer—it's only the size of a book.（微型的）
4.The new policy had a __________（positive /negative）effect on the economy.（积极的）
5.She wears __________（sunglasses /plastic）to protect her eyes from the sun.（墨镜）
6.The __________（plastic /animal-friendly）bags are bad for the environment.（塑料的）
7.The project is not __________（complete /layer）yet.（完整的）
8.He is __________（supposed /gained）to arrive at 9 o'clock.（应当）
9.The company __________（produces /invents）cars for the global market.（生产）
10.She __________（gained /developed）a lot of experience from the job.（获得）
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页 共 页二、语法填空
1.It's important __________（protect）animals and their habitats.
2.The Qinghai-Xizang Railway __________（be）one of the greatest projects in China.
3.They plan __________（build）a new tunnel through the mountain next year.
4.__________（use）this machine correctly, you need to read the instructions first.
5.These books __________（not be）available in the library now.
6.He spent two hours __________（repair）the broken wheel of his bike.
7.The invention of the radio made it easier __________（spread）news around the world.
8.The workers are busy __________（lay）pipes to keep the ground hard.
9.This kind of plastic __________（be）not good for the environment.
10.She hopes __________（invent）a new tool to help people with daily work.
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
Li Xiang was born with a disabled left hand, but he had a deep interest in creating new things. As a
teenager, he dreamed of inventing a tool to help the old carry heavy things easily.
At first, his idea was laughed at by some classmates, which made him feel really 1 . He even
heard some unkind words about his invention in the classroom, but Li Xiang refused to 2 his dream. He
spent every spare moment reading books on mechanics (力学) and doing research in the school library. His
parents were worried about his study, but Li Xiang 3 to balance his schoolwork and invention. One
day, he noticed his grandma struggling to carry groceries (杂货). That moment 4 him to work
harder. He collected old parts from broken bikes and spent months designing the tool. There were many failures—
sometimes the structure was too weak, sometimes it couldn’t support the 5 . But Li Xiang never
stopped.
With the help of his science teacher, he improved the design again and again. 6 , his invention
succeeded! It was a foldable carrying aid that could turn heavy things 7 light loads. When he showed it
to the local community center, everyone praised his creativity. His grandma used it every day and said it was
the most 8 tool she’d ever had.
Li Xiang’s story spread quickly. He realized that 9 could stop him when he had a heart to help
others. “ 10 you stick to what you love and keep trying, you will succeed in the end.” he said.
1．A．discouraged B．excited C．satisfied
2．A．put off B．give up C．take away
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页 共 页3．A．managed B．failed C．refused
4．A．disturbed B．warned C．encouraged
5．A．height B．weight C．length
6．A．Actually B．Normally C．Finally
7．A．into B．on C．off
8．A．convenient B．useless C．expensive
9．A．something B．nothing C．everything
10．A．Unless B．Though C．If
四、语法填空
Wu Zeyin, 11, comes from Hubei, China. He 1 (move) to Botswana with his family seven
years ago. “I can see only a few kinds of fruit and vegetables at supermarkets here. They don’t look good,
2 their prices are high,” Wu said.
Because of the desert climate (气候) in Botswana, it is difficult 3 farmers there to grow fruit
and vegetables. Botswana has to buy lots of fruit and vegetables from other 4 (country), such as
South Africa.
Botswana has been working with China to solve this problem. In July last year, Botswana started a
program to grow China’s water-saving rice. Knowing it, Wu wanted to help with local agriculture (当地的农
业) in his way. “I wanted to 5 an app. It can help local farmers to 6 the production,” Wu
said.
Wu has a good brain and he has made his dream come true by 7 (develop) a new app called
Farm Assistant. The app can teach farmers how to grow vegetables like potatoes, onions, carrots and cabbages.
Farmers who use the app can click (点击) on a picture of a vegetable to see 8 (it) seed (种子) price,
watering needs, selling price, etc. After the farmers plant the seeds, the app can remind them what they need to
do at different times. Wu hopes his app can help farmers to work 9 (easy).
What 10 useful app and what a smart boy!
五、任务型读写
Robots that look just like real people, including an Albert Einstein robot, went for sale in Beijing, China
recently.
A new robot store has opened in Beijing selling human-like robots. These robots can be home helpers,
cooks, or copies of famous scientists. According to a report, the store offering 100 kinds of products is the first
of its kind to sell human-like robots for everyday use. The store is located next to a robot-themed restaurant
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页 共 页where food is cooked and served by robots.
The store owner Wang Yifan said, “If we want robots to go into many homes, just robot companies can’t
do it alone.” Many of the companies have no experience in sales and there are few chances to show their
products, he added. The store allows visitors to touch and play with many different robots from chess players to
dogs. The human-like robots are priced between 2,000 yuan and over a million yuan.
China is one of the top countries in robot technology. This year, the government plans to help new robot
and AI companies grow.
1．Where did human-like robots go for sale recently? (no more than 2 words)
2．How many kinds of robots can you see in the new robot store? (no more than 2 words)
3．What can visitors do in Wang Yifan’s robot store? (no more than 7 words)
4．What does the government plan to do this year? (no more than 7 words)
5．What do you think of China’s robot technology? (no more than 1 word)
六、短文还原
An invention may be a new product or a new way of doing things. Inventions come about in many ways.
Most of the time, inventions happen because someone works to solve a problem. 1 Look at your
schoolbags. You have pencils, pens, crayons, rulers and some books. None of these things were planted in fields.
They were made in factories and invented by someone. Inventing is interesting and exciting and everyone can
be an inventor. Do you want to be an inventor? 2
●Use your imagination. You can have wild and crazy thoughts. 3 Many people laughed at the
Wright brothers and said they would never fly. But they weren’t discouraged by what people said. That’s why
now we have planes.
●Plan and design your invention. Careful planning is important in the invention process. This is the time
to brainstorm for ideas and to evaluate (评估) them.
● 4 Make a detailed drawing of your invention so others will understand how your invention
works.
●Make a model of your invention.
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页 共 页●Test your invention. See if your invention works as it is planned. 5
●Name your invention. Every invention needs a name.
●Share your inventions with others.
A．If not, do more research, redesign it, and test it again.
B．Never give up!
C．There are a few simple steps to follow in the invention process.
D．Remember that no idea is too silly.
E．Sometimes inventions are the result of accidents.
F．Draw your invention.
七、阅读理解
One day in 1903 French scientist Edouard Benedictus climbed high to get something on a high shelf in
his laboratory. He carelessly hit an empty glass flask (烧瓶) and it fell to the stone floor.
Benedictus climbed down, expecting a mess, but he found a surprise. The glass hadn’t broken into a
million pieces! It had cracked (破裂), but it had held together. Benedictus wondered why.
His helper explained he had used the flask to hold liquid plastic (液态塑料). Then he had put the flask
aside and forgotten to wash it. The liquid plastic dried, so the flask looked empty. Benedictus found that the
dried plastic had kept the cracked glass from falling apart.
The same week, Benedictus read a report about a car accident in the newspaper. The car was a new and
exciting invention, and many people were driving fast on the roads. When accidents happened, people were
often hurt by flying broken glass. Suddenly Benedictus thought of the broken flask. Could his accident be
something useful?
Benedictus spent a lot of time in the lab, trying to find out the best way to make safety glass for cars.
Finally, Benedictus put some liquid plastic between two pieces of glass and pressed them together. When he hit
it, the “glass-and-plastic sandwich” cracked, but it didn’t break into small pieces.
Benedictus succeeded. He wrote in his diary, “I produced my first piece of Triplex (the name for his
invention) —full of promise for the future.”
Benedictus was right. His method of putting plastic between pieces of glass is still used today. And that’s
how a careless accident led to an invention that made us all safer!
1．How did Benedictus feel when he saw the cracked glass flask?
A．Angry. B．Sorry. C．Excited. D．Surprised.
2．The glass flask didn’t fall apart because ________.
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页 共 页A．the floor was not so hard B．the shelf was not so high
C．there was dried plastic in it D．Benedictus’ helper caught it
3．When did Benedictus decide to work on his invention?
A．When he read a news report.
B．When he climbed high on a shelf.
C．After his helper had a car accident.
D．After his helper gave him a suggestion.
4．What do we know about Triplex?
A．It was invented in 1900.
B．It had plastic on its cover.
C．It got popular as soon as it was invented.
D．It had an influence on today's safety glass.
5．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Magic of Plastic B．Lessons from Accidents
C．A Great Accidental Invention D．Daily Life of a French Scientist
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