第 10 讲 Unit5 Power of ideas
Section B How do we turn ideas into
reality?
Part 1：单词加油站
英文 音标 中文 英文 音标 中文
reality /riˈæləti/ n. 现实；事实 liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ n. 液体 adj. 液体的
papermaking n. 造纸工艺；造纸 cheap /tʃiːp/ adj. 便宜的
业
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 有责任的 creation /kriˈeɪʃn/ n. 创造；作品
responsible for sth 引起某事 later on /ˈleɪtə ɒn/ 后来；其后
rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的 speed up /spiːd ʌp/ (使) 加速
shape /ʃeɪp/ v. 塑造 n. 形状 Arabic /ˈærəbɪk/ adj. 阿拉伯语的
bronze /brɒnz/ n./adj. 青铜 (的) result in /rɪˈzʌlt ɪn/ 造成；导致
ware /weə(r)/ n. 制品；陶器 lead to /liːd tu/ 导致；造成
stone /stəʊn/ n. 石头；岩石 birth /bɜːθ/ n. 起源；诞生
fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ n. 纤维；纤维素 rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ adv. 迅速地
jute /dʒuːt/ n. 黄麻纤维 afford /əˈfɔːd/ v. 买得起；能做
expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的 company /ˈkʌmpəni/ n. 公司；剧团
officer /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ n. 官员；高级职员 sticky /ˈstɪki/ adj. 黏 (性) 的
workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n. 作坊；讲习班 production /prəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 生产；制作
ideal /aɪˈdɪəl/ adj. 理想的 gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地
none /nʌn/ pron. 没有一个 widely /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 广泛地；普遍地
certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某些；确定的 be looking to do sth 试图做某事
suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的；适宜 glider /ˈɡlaɪdə(r)/ n. 滑翔机
的
Part 2：课文知识讲
解
1b An invention That Changed the World
Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers,
or magazines? All of these things depend on one
invention --paper-making. It, more than any other
invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of
information that shaped our modern world.
In ancient China, many different materials were used
to write on, such as animal bones, bronze wares,
stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. In the Western
Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of
paper made from jute— — a fibre that comes from
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页 共 页plants. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive.
As the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun
became interested in trying to solve the problem.Different methods for creating something to write on
were tried, but none were ideal. In his times, some kinds of bark-the outside part of trees-were used
to make clothes. From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old
clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on.
In the first step of Cai Lun's experiment, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. Then, this
material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen,
leaving just the fibre. Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. To everyone's surprise, this paper
was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. In 105 CE, Cai Lun showed his creation to
the emperor.The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work.
Later on, the papermaking technique did not only speed up the development of Chinese culture, but also
changed civilizations around the world. It first spread to China's neighbouring countries and finally reached
Europe through Arabic countries in the 12th century. When the use of paper and printing came together in later
centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating
the world we have today.
课文翻译 一项改变世界的发明
你能想象一个没有书籍、报纸或杂志的世界吗？所有这些事物都依赖于一项发明 —— 造纸术。相
较于其他任何发明，正是造纸术推动了信息的快速传播，塑造了我们如今的现代世界。
在中国古代，人们曾使用多种材料书写，比如兽骨、青铜器、石头、木材、竹简，甚至丝绸。西汉
时期，还出现了一种非常原始的麻纸 —— 麻是一种植物纤维。然而，这些材料要么使用和储存不
便，要么价格十分昂贵。
东汉时期，蔡伦担任宫廷作坊的主管官员，他对解决这一问题产生了浓厚兴趣。他尝试了多种制作
书写材料的方法，但都不够理想。在他生活的年代，一些树皮（树木的外层）被用来制作衣物。从过
往的经验中，蔡伦想到：树皮、特定的植物以及旧衣物或许能用来制作一种适合书写的特殊材料。
蔡伦的实验步骤如下：第一步，将所有原料混合并加水煮沸；接着，把这些材料捣碎、切碎，再次
加水搅拌；然后，将混合液倒在竹筛上，只留下纤维；最后，将这些纤维晾干、压实，就制成了纸。
令人惊喜的是，这种纸质地柔软、轻便，制作和使用都很简便，而且最重要的是价格低廉。公元 105
年，蔡伦向皇帝献上了他的发明，皇帝龙颜大悦，对蔡伦的杰出贡献大加赞赏。
后来，造纸术不仅加速了中国文化的发展，也改变了世界各地的文明进程。它首先传播到中国的邻
国，最终在 12 世纪经阿拉伯国家传入欧洲。几个世纪后，当造纸术与印刷术结合起来时，书籍的数
量迅速增多，这催生了知识的新生，造就了我们今天所处的世界。
【课文重点讲解】
1.depend on
【含义】v. 依靠；依赖；取决于
【搭配】depend on sb./sth. 依靠某人 / 某物；depend on the invention 依赖这项发明
【同根词】dependent (adj. 依赖的) → independence (n. 独立)
【例句】Our life depends on many useful inventions.（我们的生活依赖许多有用的发明。）
2.be responsible for
【含义】对…… 负责；是…… 的原因
【搭配】be responsible for the change 导致变化
【同根词】responsible (adj. 负责的) → responsibility (n. 责任)
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页 共 页【例句】Paper-making was responsible for the spread of knowledge.（造纸术推动了知识的传播。）
3.expensive
【含义】adj. 昂贵的；花钱多的
【搭配】expensive material 昂贵的材料；too expensive 太贵
【同根词】expense (n. 花费；费用) → inexpensive (adj. 便宜的)
【例句】Silk was too expensive for common people to use.（丝绸太贵，普通人用不起。）
4.ideal
【含义】adj. 理想的；完美的
【搭配】an ideal material 理想的材料；ideal way 理想的方式
【同根词】ideally (adv. 理想地)
【例句】None of the early materials was ideal.（早期的材料都不理想。）
5.certain
【含义】adj. 某种；某些；确定的
【搭配】certain plants 某些植物；for certain 确定地; be certain to do 确定做某事
【同根词】certainly (adv. 当然；确定)
【例句】Cai Lun used certain plants to make paper.（蔡伦用某些植物造纸。）
6.suitable
【含义】adj. 合适的；适宜的
【搭配】be suitable to write on 适合书写；suitable for 适合于
【同根词】suit (v. 适合) → suitably (adv. 合适地)
【例句】This new material is suitable for writing.（这种新材料适合书写。）
7.mix
【含义】v. 混合；掺和
【搭配】mix A and B 把 A 和 B 混合；mix with water 与水混合
【同根词】mixture (n. 混合物)
【例句】He mixed bark and old clothes together.（他把树皮和旧衣服混合在一起。）
8.pour
【含义】v. 倒；灌；倾泻
【搭配】pour the liquid 倒液体；pour water 倒水
【同根词】pouring (adj. 倾盆而下的)
【例句】He poured the mixture over a bamboo screen.（他把混合液倒在竹筛上。）
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页 共 页9.press
【含义】v. 压；挤；按
【搭配】press the fibre 压纤维；press the button 按按钮
【同根词】pressure (n. 压力)
【例句】The fibre was pressed to make paper.（纤维被压制成纸张。）
10.to everyone's surprise
【含义】令所有人惊讶的是
【搭配】to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是；to one’s disappointment 让某人失望的是
【例句】To everyone's surprise, the paper was very cheap.（令所有人惊讶的是，这种纸非常便宜。）
11.most importantly
【含义】最重要的是
【例句】Most importantly, the paper was easy to make.（最重要的是，这种纸很容易制作。）
12.pleased
【含义】adj. 高兴的；满意的
【搭配】be pleased with 对…… 满意；be pleased to do 很高兴做
【同根词】please (v. 使高兴) → pleasure (n. 高兴；乐事)
【例句】The emperor was pleased with Cai Lun’s work.（皇帝对蔡伦的成果很满意。）
13.later on
【含义】后来；稍后；以后
【搭配】later on in history 在后来的历史中
【例句】Later on, paper-making spread to other countries.（后来，造纸术传到了其他国家。）
14.speed up
【含义】v. 加速；加快
【搭配】speed up development 加快发展；speed up progress 加快进程
【例句】Paper speeded up the development of culture.（造纸术加速了文化发展。）
15.civilization
【含义】n. 文明；文明社会
【搭配】ancient civilization 古代文明；world civilizations 世界文明
【同根词】civilize (v. 使文明；教化) → civilized (adj. 文明的)
【例句】Paper changed the civilizations around the world.（造纸术改变了世界各地的文明。）
16.a birth of
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页 共 页【含义】…… 的诞生；…… 的兴起
【搭配】a birth of knowledge 知识的诞生；a birth of new ideas 新思想的诞生
【例句】It led to a new birth of knowledge.（它带来了知识的新生。）
3a
The invention of the plane has greatly changed the world. However, it seems that its inventors,
Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, were not looking to change the world at all. Rather, they just
wanted to fly like birds.
To solve the problem of heavier-than-air flight, the Wright brothers began working with gliders.
There were two main challenges. The first was how to get the glider into the air. The second was
how to control it once it was flying. For both problems, they found their solution by looking at
how birds flew. After they solved these problems,they added an engine to the glider. Then, in
December 1903, the world's first plane flights were made.
The invention of the plane has made our travels around the world much easier and faster.
Journeys that once took days, weeks, or even months, can now be made in only a few hours. As
a result, communication among people in different countries is now much easier, and the world has
become a much smaller place.
课文翻译
飞机的发明极大地改变了世界。然而，它的发明者奥维尔・莱特和威尔伯・莱特似乎根本没想过要
改变世界，他们只是想像鸟儿一样飞翔。
为了解决重于空气的飞行难题，莱特兄弟开始研究滑翔机。这面临两大主要挑战：一是如何让滑翔
机升空，二是如何在它飞行时对其进行操控。针对这两个问题，他们通过观察鸟类的飞行方式找到了
答案。解决这些问题后，他们在滑翔机上加装了发动机。随后，在 1903 年 12 月，世界上首次飞
机飞行成功实现。
飞机的发明让我们的环球旅行变得更加便捷、快速。曾经需要数天、数周甚至数月的旅程，如今只
需几个小时就能完成。因此，不同国家的人们之间的沟通变得容易多了，世界也变成了一个小得多的
地方。
【课文重点详解】
1.be looking to do sth
【含义】想要做某事；计划做某事
【搭配】be looking to change the world 想要改变世界；be looking to fly 想要飞翔
【同根词】look (v. 看；想要) → looking (现在分词)
【例句】The Wright brothers were not looking to change the world.（莱特兄弟并不想改变世界。）
2.control
【含义】v. 控制；操控；管理；n. 控制；支配
【搭配】control the plane 操控飞机；control the glider 控制滑翔机；take control of 掌控
【同根词】controllable (adj. 可控制的) → controller (n. 控制器；管理者)
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页 共 页【例句】They needed to find a way to control the glider in the air.（他们需要找到在空中操控滑翔机的方
法。）
3.once
【含义】conj. 一旦；一…… 就……；adv. 曾经；一次
【搭配】once it was flying 一旦它起飞；once you finish 一旦你完成；once a week 一周一次
【例句】Once the glider was in the air, they had to control its direction.（滑翔机一旦升空，他们就必须控
制它的方向。）
4.add
【含义】v. 添加；增加；补充
【搭配】add an engine 加装发动机；add to 增添；add...to... 把…… 添加到……
【同根词】addition (n. 添加；加法) → additional (adj. 额外的)
【例句】The Wright brothers added an engine to the glider.（莱特兄弟在滑翔机上加装了一台发动机。）
5.As a result
【含义】因此；结果
【搭配】As a result, ... 因此……；As a result, communication is easier 因此，沟通变得更便捷
【例句】As a result, the world has become a much smaller place.（因此，世界变成了一个小得多的地
方。）
【即学即用】
一、短语互译
英译汉
1.be responsible for → __________ 4.lead to → __________
2.speed up → __________ 5.be looking to do sth → __________
3.result in → __________ 6.later on → __________
汉译英
1.依赖；依靠 → __________ 4.加速；加快 → __________
2.适合 → __________ 5.想要做某事 → __________
3.导致；造成 → __________ 6.后来；其后 → __________
答案：
英译汉：1. 对…… 负责；是…… 的原因 2.（使）加速 3. 造成；导致 4. 导致；造成 5. 试图做某
事；想要做某事 6. 后来；其后；
汉译英：1.depend on 2.be suitable to 3.result in/lead to 4.speed up 5.be looking to do sth 6.later on
二、词汇变形
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页 共 页1.create（v. 创造）→ __________（n. 创造；作品）
2.responsible（adj. 有责任的）→ __________（n. 责任）
3.rapid（adj. 迅速的）→ __________（adv. 迅速地）
4.produce（v. 生产）→ __________（n. 生产；制作）
5.suit（v. 适合）→ __________（adj. 合适的）
6.civilize（v. 使文明）→ __________（n. 文明）
7.mix（v. 混合）→ __________（n. 混合物）
8.add（v. 添加）→ __________（n. 添加；加法）
9.ideal（adj. 理想的）→ __________（adv. 理想地）
10.certain（adj. 确定的）→ __________（adv. 当然；确定）
答案：1.creation 2.responsibility 3.rapidly 4.production 5.suitable 6.civilization 7.mixture 8.addition 9.ideally
10.certainly
三、语法填空
1.Paper-making __________（invent）by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
2.The Wright brothers __________（add）an engine to the glider and succeeded.
3.Many useful materials __________（use）to write on in ancient China.
4.He __________（be）responsible for the development of the new technology.
5.The liquid __________（pour）over a bamboo screen to get the fibre.
6.Once the plane __________（take）off, it will fly very fast.
7.Paper __________（make）our life much easier since it was invented.
8.They __________（look）to solve the problem of flight when they were young.
9.The fibre __________（dry）and pressed to form paper in the final step.
10.As a result, the world __________（become）a smaller place now.
答案：1.was invented 2.added 3.were used 4.is 5.was poured 6.takes 7.has made 8.were looking 9.was dried
10.becomes
四、根据汉语意思填空
1.The __________（纤维）of jute can be used to make early paper.
2.Cai Lun was the head __________（官员）of the palace workshop.
3.The __________（创造）of paper changed the world greatly.
4.We need an __________（理想的）material to make the product.
5.The __________（青铜）wares were used to write on in ancient times.
6.The __________（生产）of this kind of paper is very simple.
7.He showed his new __________（作品）to the emperor in 105 CE.
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页 共 页8.The __________（滑翔机）was the basis of the first plane.
9.__________（阿拉伯语的）countries helped spread papermaking to Europe.
10.The __________（石头）is too heavy to carry for writing.
答案：1.fibre 2.officer 3.creation 4.ideal 5.bronze 6.production 7.creation 8.glider 9.Arabic 10.stone
Part 3：作文强化
Important Inventions
一、主题核心讲解
（一）写作思路框架
段落 核心任务 常用方法 / 句式
开头段 引出主题 + 核心句（概括 设问：Can you imagine a world without...?
发明的重要影响） 观点句：...is one of the most important inventions in history.
中间段 背景（发明前的问题）→ 过 Before the invention of..., people...It was invented by...in...>It
has the advantages of...
程（人物 / 时间 / 原理）
→ 优势（发明的特点）
结尾段 总结影响 + 升华主题（历 As a result,...>It not only...but also... inventions often come
from...
史意义 / 未来启示）
（二）核心写作表达
表达类别 必背短语 / 句型
强调重要性 play an important role in...; change the world greatly; have a deep influence on...
描述背景问题 There was a problem that...; ...was either too expensive or inconvenient; people were in
need of...
说明发明细节 be made from...; be created by...; solve the problem of...; the key to its success is...
总结影响 lead to the development of...; result in...; spread to...; promote international
communication
二、范文
（一）基础版范文（The Invention of the Plane，80 词）
Can you imagine a world where long-distance travel takes months? The plane is one of the greatest
inventions that changed our lives.
Before 1903, people dreamed of flying like birds, but trains or ships were slow. The Wright brothers
studied gliders, solved the problems of taking off and control, and added an engine. In December 1903, they
made the first successful flight.
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页 共 页The plane makes travel faster and easier. Journeys that took months now take hours. As a result, people
from different countries communicate more easily, and the world becomes smaller. It’s truly a life-changing
invention.
（二）提升版范文（The Invention of Paper，110 词）
Few inventions have shaped human civilization as much as papermaking. It is not an overstatement to say it
connected the world through knowledge.
Before Cai Lun’s invention in 105 CE, ancient people used heavy bamboo, expensive silk, or hard stone to
write. These materials limited the spread of information. Cai Lun changed this by creating paper from cheap
materials like bark and old clothes. His paper was soft, light, and affordable, making it accessible to common
people.
As a result, papermaking speeded up cultural development and spread to Europe via Arabic countries.
Combined with printing, it led to a boom in books and knowledge. Today, paper still plays a key role in
education and daily life, proving that great inventions solve real-world problems.
三、配套写作练习
（一）基础练习：补全句子
1.Before the invention of the Internet, people __________________________（要么去图书馆，要么买报
纸）to get information.
2.Paper ______________________（由蔡伦在公元 105 年发明）and spread widely soon after.
3.The mobile phone _______________________（在人们的日常生活中起重要作用）nowadays.
4.This new invention ______________________（具有环保和高效的优点）.
5.__________（因此）, the development of science has been greatly promoted by it.
6.The Internet ___________________________（对年轻人的生活有深远影响）in many ways.
答案：1.either went to the library or bought newspapers
2.was invented by Cai Lun in 105 CE
3.plays an important role in people’s daily life
4.has the advantages of being environmentally friendly and efficient
5.As a result
6.has a deep influence on young people’s lives
（二）进阶练习：仿写句子
1.在互联网发明前，人们很难快速获取来自世界各地的消息。
________________________________________________________
2.智能手机不仅能用来通话，还能用来学习、购物和娱乐。
________________________________________________________
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页 共 页3.这项发明由一位工程师在 2005 年创造，现在已被全球数百万人使用。
________________________________________________________
4.传统的书写材料要么太重，要么太贵，普通家庭难以负担。
________________________________________________________
5.因此，这项伟大的发明促进了全球贸易的发展和文化的交流。
________________________________________________________
6.伟大的发明往往源于对日常生活中问题的观察和思考。
________________________________________________________
答案
1.Before the invention of the Internet, it was difficult for people to get news from all over the world quickly.
2.Smartphones can not only be used for making calls but also for studying, shopping and entertainment.
3.This invention was created by an engineer in 2005 and is now used by millions of people around the world.
4.Traditional writing materials were either too heavy or too expensive for ordinary families to afford.
5.As a result, this great invention has promoted the development of global trade and cultural exchange.
6.Great inventions often come from observing and thinking about problems in daily life.
（三）拓展练习：句型转换（主动变被动 / 合并句子）
1.People use paper to print books and newspapers.（改为被动语态）
→ Paper __________ to print books and newspapers.
2.The Wright brothers invented the plane in 1903.（改为被动语态）
→ The plane __________ by the Wright brothers in 1903.
3.The invention is cheap. The invention is easy to use.（合并为一句，用 and 或 not only...but also...）
→ The invention is __________.
4.Papermaking spread to Europe. It changed European civilization.（合并为一句，用 and 或 which）
→ Papermaking spread to Europe, __________.
答案：1.is used
2.was invented
3.not only cheap but also easy to use / cheap and easy to use
4.which changed European civilization / and changed European civilization
Part 4：课堂综合练习
一、根据汉语意思选择填空
1.The early paper was very _____（cheap /expensive）, so everyone could afford it.（便宜的）
2.This material is __________（suitable /certain）for writing.（合适的）
3.The invention of the plane __________（speeded up /led to）the development of tourism.（加速了）
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页 共 页4.__________（Later on / As a result）, papermaking spread to other countries.（后来）
5.None of the old materials was __________（ideal /sticky）for daily use.（理想的）
6.The emperor was __________（pleased /expensive）with Cai Lun’s invention.（高兴的）
7.__________（Certain / Rapid）plants can be used to make paper.（某些）
8.The mixture was __________（poured /pressed）over the bamboo screen.（倒；灌）
9.This new technology __________（resulted in /depended on）many changes.（导致）
10.The glider was difficult to __________（control /mix）in the air.（控制）
答案：1.cheap 2.suitable 3.speeded up 4.Later on 5.ideal 6.pleased 7.Certain 8.poured 9.resulted in 10.control
二、语法填空
1.Many different materials __________（use）for writing in ancient China.
2.Cai Lun __________（spend）many years improving papermaking.
3.The first plane flights __________（make）in December 1903.
4.Paper __________（not be）cheap before Cai Lun’s invention.
5.They __________（find）the solution by watching birds fly.
6.The glider __________（not control）easily until they improved it.
7.As a result, communication among people __________（become）easier.
8.The fibre __________（press）hard to form smooth paper.
9.We __________（depend on）paper in many aspects of life.
10.The Wright brothers __________（not look）to change the world at first.
答案：1.were used 2.spent 3.were made 4.was not / wasn't 5.found 6.was not / wasn't controlled 7.becomes
8.was pressed 9.depend on 10.were not / weren't looking
三、选择题
1．—Wow, how clean and tidy your classroom is!
—Yes. It ________ by us every day.
A．cleans B．cleaned C．is cleaned D．has cleaned
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——哇，你们的教室真干净整洁！——是的。它每天都被我们打扫。
考查被动语态。根据答语“by us”可知，此处表示教室被我们打扫，应用被动语态；结合时间状语
“every day”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语It是单数，故用一般现在时的被动语态形式is cleaned。
故选C。
2．—Our city is becoming greener.
—That’s right. A lot of trees ________ every spring.
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页 共 页A．plant B．planted C．were planted D．are planted
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我们的城市正变得越来越绿。——是的。每年春天都会种很多树。
考查动词时态和语态。plant种植，动词原形；planted种植，过去式或过去分词；were planted被种
植，一般过去时的被动语态；are planted被种植，一般现在时的被动语态。根据“every spring”可知，
该动作为经常性、习惯性的行为，需用一般现在时；且树与种植之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的
被动语态。故选D。
3．In our school, rubbish ________ every day.
A．collects B．collected C．is collected D．was collected
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在我们学校，垃圾每天都被收集。
考查被动语态。collects收集(第三人称单数主动形式)；collected收集(过去式主动形式)；is collected被
收集(一般现在时被动形式)；was collected被收集(一般过去时被动形式)。根据句意，垃圾是被收集的
对象，需用被动语态；时间状语“every day”表明动作是经常性发生的，应用一般现在时的被动语态
“is collected”。故选C。
4．How tall are you? What colour are your eyes? These things ________ by your DNA!
A．influenced B．are influencing C．were influenced D．are influenced
【答案】D
【详解】句意：你有多高？你的眼睛是什么颜色？这些事被你的DNA影响。
考查被动语态。influenced影响，过去式/过去分词；are influencing正在影响，现在进行时；were
influenced被影响，一般过去时的被动语态；are influenced被影响，一般现在时的被动语态。根据句
意，身高和眼睛颜色是由DNA决定的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；且DNA是“影响”这一动作的
发出者，主语“these things”是“被影响”，需用被动语态。故选D。
5．The tea made in China ________ to many different countries and places every year.
A．sent B．is sent C．has sent
【答案】B
【详解】句意：中国产的茶每年被运往许多不同的国家和地区。
考查被动语态。sent运送，动词过去式/过去分词；is sent被运送，一般现在时的被动语态；has sent已
经运送，现在完成时主动语态。主语“The tea”与动词“send”之间是被动关系 (茶被运往各地)，且句
中有“every year”表示一般现在时，因此需用一般现在时的被动语态 (am/is/are + 过去分词)。故选
B。
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页 共 页6．—How many trees ________ in your city every year?
—About five thousand.
A．planted B．are planted C．plant
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你们城市每年种多少棵树？——大约五千棵。
考查被动语态。根据“How many trees...in your city every year?”可知，树是被种植的，结合“every
year”可知用一般现在时，因此需用一般现在时的被动语态are planted。故选B。
7．—When was it invented?
—It ________ in 1885.
A．invented B．is invented C．was invented D．has invented
【答案】C
【详解】句意：—它是什么时候被发明的？—它是在 1885 年被发明的。
主语It指代物，与动词invent之间是被动关系，需用被动语态（be+过去分词）；时间状语in 1885表
示过去的时间，需用一般过去时，且主语It为单数，be动词用was。应选was invented。
8．—Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone?
—Because it ________ by Huawei last month.
A．produced B．produced C．was produced D．is produced
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——为什么我从没见过这种手机？——因为它是上个月由华为生产的。
根据时间状语“last month”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语it指代手机，与动词produce之间是被
动关系，且由by引出动作执行者，故用被动语态，结构为was/were + 过去分词。主语it为单数，be
动词用was，应填was produced。
9．The laptop ________ in Japan in 1985. It is used for studying.
A．was developed B．is developed C．developed
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这款笔记本电脑于1985年在日本被开发，它被用于学习。
根据“in 1985”可知应用一般过去时，且laptop与develop之间为被动关系。
10．The 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou ________ in September and October, 2023.
A．hold B．are held C．was held D．will be held
【答案】C
【详解】句意：第19届杭州亚运会于2023年9月至10月举办。
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页 共 页主语“The 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou”与动词hold之间被动关系，所以句子要用被动语态，结构为
“be +过去分词”；时间状语“in September and October, 2023”表示过去的时间，所以要用一般过去时
的被动语态；主语是“The 19th Asian Games”，视为单数概念，be动词用was，动词hold的过去分词
为held，故填was held。
11．—When were these cars invented?
—They ______ in 1908.
A．invent B．are invented C．were invented D．have invented
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——这些汽车是什么时候发明的？——它们是1908年被发明的。
根据“They…in 1908.”可知，主语They指代cars，与动词发明invent之间是被动关系，需用被动语
态。根据时间状语in 1908可知，动作发生在过去，时态为一般过去时，且主语They为复数，be动词
应用were。应填were invented。
12．—How delicious the cake is!
—Thanks. It ________ by my mother last night.
A．makes B．was made C．made D．is made
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——这蛋糕真好吃！——谢谢，它是我妈妈昨晚做的。
考查动词时态和语态。makes制作，一般现在时主动语态；was made被制作，一般过去时被动语态；
made制作，一般过去时主动语态；is made被制作，一般现在时被动语态。根据答语中“last night”可
知动作发生在过去，且蛋糕是被制作的，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
13．—I ________ to give a speech at the New Year’s party of 2026 yesterday.
—That’s great. You must be very proud.
A．will invite B．am invited C．was invited
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——昨天我被邀请在2026年的新年晚会上发表演讲。——太棒了。你一定很自豪。
考查动词时态和语态。will invite将要邀请；am invited被邀请（一般现在时）；was invited被邀请
（一般过去时）。第一句中有明确的时间状语“yesterday（昨天）”，表示动作发生在过去，且主语
“I”与“邀请”之间是被动关系，因此需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。
14．The China-Laos Railway ________ into use in 2021.
A．put B．puts C．was put D．was putting
【答案】C
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页 共 页【详解】句意：中老铁路于2021年投入使用。
考查动词时态和语态。主语“The China-Laos Railway”是物，与动词“put into use（投入使用）”构成
被动关系，且时间状语“in 2021”表示过去时间，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。
15．Avatar 3, the highly expected new movie, ______ in many cinemas last month and got popular quickly.
A．show B．was shown C．is shown D．showed
【答案】B
【详解】句意：备受期待的新电影《阿凡达3》上个月在许多影院上映，并迅速走红。
考查动词时态和语态。show上映，动词原形；was shown被放映，过去时被动语态；is shown被放
映，现在时被动语态；showed上映，过去时主动语态。主语“Avatar 3”是电影，与动词“上映”之间
为被动关系，且时间状语“last month”表明动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
四、完形填空
One day in 1950, young Joseph Engelberger opened a storybook. It was I, Robot written by Isaac
Asimov. How he loved every story in the book! Reading these wonderful 1 stories, Joseph felt
inspired (受到启发的). He wasn’t just reading about robots, he was going to make them 2 .
Six years later, Joseph met George Devol, an inventor. George had an idea which could make Joseph’s
dream 3 . Joseph learned about it. “This is just like the robots in Asimov’s book,” he said 4
.
In 1958, Joseph and George started working together. Their first 5 , the Unimate, soon came
out. It was a large robotic (机器人的) 6 that could pick up and move objects all by itself. Joseph
wanted the robots to help people do 7 jobs, such as working in hot environments or dealing with
harmful gases (有害气体). The first robotic arms were used in big car factories. This made some work safer and
faster. It was clear that Joseph and George changed the way cars and other things were 8 .
In 1983, the first Unimate was retired (退休) to a museum after working 100,000 hours, 9
Joseph’s journey with robots didn’t stop there. He began to dream about home robots. “Could a robot do 10
?” he kept asking himself. Today, we see the answer.
1．A．animal B．robot C．war D．hero
2．A．quiet B．smart C．safe D．real
3．A．come true B．stay up C．fall down D．run out
4．A．excitedly B．politely C．hardly D．differently
5．A．painting B．magazine C．invention D．process
6．A．head B．face C．arm D．leg
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页 共 页7．A．simple B．dangerous C．dirty D．important
8．A．bought B．travelled C．showed D．produced
9．A．but B．because C．although D．since
10．A．dancing B．training C．housework D．exercise
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C
【导语】本文讲述了Joseph Engelberger受科幻小说《我，机器人》启发，与发明家George Devol合
作，共同研发出世界上第一台工业机器人Unimate，并推动了机器人技术发展的故事。
1．句意：读着这些精彩的机器人故事，Joseph深受启发。
animal动物；robot机器人；war战争；hero英雄。根据前文“It was I, Robot written by Isaac Asimov”可
知，这本书是关于机器人的。故选B。
2．句意：他不只是读到机器人，他还打算让它们成为现实。
quiet安静的；smart聪明的；safe安全的；real真实的。根据“He wasn’t just reading about robots, he
was going to make them...”可知，Joseph还想把书中的机器人变成现实。故选D。
3．句意：George有一个想法，可以让Joseph的梦想成真。
come true实现；stay up熬夜；fall down跌倒；run out用完。由“make Joseph’s dream”可知，“make
one’s dream come true”是固定搭配，意为“使某人的梦想成真”。故选A。
4．句意：“这就像阿西莫夫书中的机器人一样，”他兴奋地说。
excitedly兴奋地；politely礼貌地；hardly几乎不；differently不同地。根据“This is just like the
robots”，可知Joseph对这个想法感到兴奋。故选A。
5．句意：他们的第一项发明，Unimate，很快就问世了。
painting绘画；magazine杂志；invention发明；process过程。Unimate是他们研发的机器人，属于一
项发明。故选C。
6．句意：这是一个大型的机械臂，能够自己拾取和移动物体。
head头；face脸；arm手臂；leg腿。根据后文“The first robotic arms were used in big car factories”可
知，这是一个机械臂。故选C。
7．句意：Joseph希望机器人能帮助人们做危险的工作，比如在高温环境下工作或处理有害气体。
simple简单的；dangerous危险的；dirty脏的；important重要的。根据后文“working in hot
environments or dealing with harmful gases”可知，这些是危险的工作。故选B。
8．句意：很明显，Joseph和George改变了汽车和其他物品的生产方式。
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页 共 页bought买；travelled旅行；showed展示；produced生产。机器人被用于汽车工厂，改变了汽车的生产
方式。故选D。
9．句意：1983年，第一台Unimate在工作了10万小时后退役了，但Joseph与机器人的旅程并没有就
此停止。
but但是；because因为；although尽管；since自从。由“was retired”和“journey with robots didn’t stop
there”可知，前后句为转折关系。故选A。
10．句意：“机器人能做家务吗？”他不断地问自己。
dancing跳舞；training训练；housework家务；exercise锻炼。根据前文“dream about home robots”可
知，他在思考家用机器人做家务的问题。故选C。
五、语法填空
根据内容填写所缺单词（每空一词）或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整。
Inventions play an important part all the time. Even the 1 (small) inventions in the world can
make a big deal to our lives. The bar-code (条形码) is one 2 the most useful inventions. If you want to know
information about the product, you can scan the bar-code with your smartphone. But do you know 3 the
bar-code was invented? Here is something about it.
In the 4 (five) month of 1948, an owner of a small food store found it difficult to record the prices
of his 5 (product). So he asked a famous university for help. The good news was that Dr. Bernard
Silver 6 (take) up the challenge and began working on it. At last Bernard Silver and a group of 7
(he) students set up a bar-code system to solve the problem. Now the invention is more and more 8
(wide) used in the world.
【答案】1．smallest 2．of 3．how 4．fifth 5．products 6．took 7．his 8．
widely
【导语】本文介绍了条形码的由来。
1．句意：即使是最小的发明也能对我们的生活产生重大影响。定冠词the通常与形容词最高级连用；
句中“even”是副词，意为“即使，甚至”，在句中作状语，强调最小的发明也能影响我们的生活，
因此此处应填形容词的最高级。故填smallest。
2．句意：条形码是最有用的发明之一。“one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数”是固定结构，意为“……
之一”。故填of。
3．句意：但你知道条形码是如何被发明出来的吗？下文讲述的是条形码发明的过程，此处应是指条
形码是如何被发明的，即“怎样”，所以此处应用how来引导宾语从句。故填how。
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页 共 页4．句意：在1948年的第五个月，一个小食品店的老板发现很难记录他产品的价格。根据定冠词
“the”和单数名词“month”可知此处应用序数词表示顺序；fifth“第五”，符合语境。故填fifth。
5．句意：在1948年的第五个月，一个小食品店的老板发现很难记录他产品的价格。文中his是形容
词性物主代词，后接名词；文中“prices”是复数形式，可知此处产品是较多的，应用复数形式
products。故填products。
6．句意：好消息是伯纳德·西尔弗接受了挑战，并开始着手这项工作。此句是一个含有表语从句的复
合句；在从句中，谓语部分是连词and连接的两个时态一致的动词；后一个动词是began，那么前一
个动词也应用一般过去式，take的过去式是took。故填took。
7．句意：最后，伯纳德·西尔弗和他的一群学生建立了一个条形码系统来解决这个问题。句中
“students”是名词，前面应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填his。
8．句意：现在，该发明在世界上的应用越来越广泛。句中“be used”意为“被使用”，可知used是动
词，其前应用副词来修饰，作状语；widely，副词，意为“广泛地”。故填widely。
六、任务型读写
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在短文后的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空一词，并将答案写在答题
卡的相应位置。
With the development of China, great changes have taken place in our life over these years.
Firstly, people have more and more ways to learn. For example, we used to have classes only at school,
but now thanks to the development of the internet, we can take online courses, which can create a safer
environment to have classes if there is a pandemic (疫情期间).
Secondly, it has become more convenient to travel. We used to ride bikes or walk, but now we can take
different transportation, such as the high-speed train, subway and plane. The development of transportation
provides more chances and ways for us to travel to different places. They can also save our time and money.
Thirdly, the shopping ways also changed a lot. In the past, people needed to go to markets or supermarkets
to buy things. But nowadays, we can buy things or order food online, and the things we buy from any place in
China and even around the world will be quickly sent to our home.
Lastly, the way of communication is also developing. In the past, letters are the only choice, but now
people can chat or video chat on WeChat or QQ, make phone calls or send emails, no matter where they are.
When we miss our family or friends far away, just take out our phones, then they can be in front of us!
It’s happy to see the rapid development of science and technology in China. In the past, many new
technologies were only invented by the western countries, but now China can also do it. With everyone’s hard
work, we Chinese are making it to the top!
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页 共 页The Development and 41 of China
In the past: classes only at school.
Ways to learn
Now: classes online. It can provide us a 42 environment during the
pandemic.
In the past: by bike or on foot.
Ways to travel
Now: the high-speed train, subway and plane and so on. They can take us to 43
places and save our time and money.
In the past: markets or supermarkets
Ways to 44
Now: online from any place in China and even around the world.
Ways to In the past: letters
communicate Now: video chat, phone calls, emails
It’s happy to see the rapid development of science and technology in China.
As long as we work 45 , we Chinese can surely make it to the top!
【答案】41．Changes 42．safer 43．different 44．shop 45．hard
【导语】本文介绍了中国近年来在学习方式、交通方式、购物方式和通信方式等方面的巨大变化，以
及科技发展带来的积极影响。
41．根据文章第一句“With the development of China, great changes have taken place...”以及全文内容可
知，文章主要讲的是中国的发展和变化。故填Changes。
42．根据第二段“...we can take online courses, which can create a safer environment to have classes if there
is a pandemic”可知，在线课程能在疫情期间提供更安全的环境。故填safer。
43．根据第三段“The development of transportation provides more chances and ways for us to travel to
different places.”可知，现代交通能带我们去更多不同的地方。故填different。
44．根据第四段“the shopping ways also changed a lot”以及内容可知，此部分讲的是购物方式的变
化。故填shop。
45．根据最后一段“With everyone’s hard work, we Chinese are making it to the top!”可知，只要我们努
力工作，中国就能走向巅峰。故填hard。
七、短文还原
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
Many people believe that only talented people can come up with new invention ideas. 1 If you fo
llow these steps, you can have your own invention ideas.
First, you need to find areas that you know well. 2 By making the list, you will find the areas
easily. What are you interested in? What areas are you good at? You can ask yourself these questions and write
down the answers on your list. Then, you should try to find the needs and problems. Your purpose is to find
what you need to do better in your areas. You can ask people around you about their problems and worries.
3 New invention ideas need to solve those problems.
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页 共 页4 Once you know the needs, you can start researching. There may be some tools in the market
that can solve the problems. The only thing you can do is to find ways to improve these tools and make them
better. 5 The market can tell you the exact information.
When you have finished all these steps, you will get some interesting ideas. Then it will be time for you
to create your inventions.
A．You can make a list of them.
B．The next step is to research the market.
C．If there are no such tools, you can think about creating them.
D．In fact, it is possible for anyone to have good invention ideas.
E．If you are too shy, you can use the Internet to get some information.
F．Though it’s difficult for you to make the list, you can ask people around you.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．B 5．C
【导语】本文介绍了普通人也可以通过步骤来获得发明灵感，包括熟悉领域、发现需求、研究市场等
方法。
1．根据“Many people believe that only talented people can come up with new invention ideas.”可知，此处
要指出普通人也能有发明想法。选项D“事实上，任何人都有可能有好的发明点子。”符合语意，故
选D。
2．根据“you need to find areas that you know well”和“By making the list, you will find the areas easily.”
可知，此处需说明如何找到熟悉领域。选项A“你可以把它们列出来。”与内容一致，故选A。
3．根据“You can ask people around you about their problems and worries.”可知，此处继续说明另一种获
取信息的方式。选项E“如果你太害羞，你可以用互联网来获取信息。”表达一致，故选E。
4．根据“Once you know the needs, you can start researching.”可知，此处引出下一步研究市场。选项
B“下一步就是研究市场。”衔接合理，故选B。
5．根据“There may be some tools in the market that can solve the problems.”可知，此处补充说明如果市
场上没有现成工具该怎么办。选项C“如果没有这样的工具，你可以考虑创造它们。”符合文意，故
选C。
八、阅读理解
Chen Yuxuan, a 16-year-old student from Shenzhen Middle School, has won the top prize at the
International Youth Science Competition for his invention “Smart Plant Box”. His device (装置) helps plants
grow better in cities using solar power (太阳能) and AI technology.
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页 共 页Chen’s invention can automatically (自动地 ) offer water and nutrients (营养素) to plants based on their
needs. It uses sensors (传感器) to check soil conditions and a small computer to analyze (分析) the data. The
box costs about 500 yuan to make, but can increase plant growth by 40%. “I want to help make cities greener,”
Chen said. “Many people live in apartments without gardens, but everyone can grow plants with this box.”
The young inventor spent two years developing his project. He failed over 20 times before succeeding.
His science teacher, Mr. Zhang, said: “Chen doesn’t stop easily when facing problems. He always tries again
and often works in the lab until very late to make his invention better.” Besides, Chen’s parents supported his
research by turning their balcony (阳台) into a testing area.
Over 1,000 students from 50 countries joined the competition. They even won international attention. The
judges praised Chen’s invention, “It can be widely used in daily life and it is environmentally friendly.” Shenzhen
government has promised to support more young inventors like Chen.
Chen plans to improve his invention and hopes to study environmental science at university. “I believe
technology can help solve environmental problems,” he told reporters.
根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。
1．What did Chen Yuxuan invent?
A．A smart plant growing box.
B．A new type of garden.
C．An AI computer for schools.
2．How does the invention help plants grow?
A．By making them get more sunlight.
B．By providing what they need.
C．By moving them to better soil.
3．What makes Chen successful most?
A．His family’s money support.
B．His science teacher’s help.
C．His spirit of never giving up.
4．Why did the judges like Chen’s invention?
A．It was practical and green.
B．It used the latest technology.
C．It was cheap and easy to make.
5．What does Chen plan to do next?
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页 共 页A．Start a company to sell his invention.
B．Help his teacher with other projects.
C．Improve his invention and study science.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文讲述了深圳中学生陈雨轩凭借利用太阳能和人工智能技术帮助城市植物更好生长的“智
能植物箱”发明，在国际青少年科学竞赛中获得最高奖，并计划继续改进发明、学习环境科学。
1．第一段指出：“Chen Yuxuan … has won the top prize … for his invention ‘Smart Plant Box’.”，明确说
明他的发明是“Smart Plant Box”，对应选项中的智能植物种植箱。
2．第二段指出：“Chen’s invention can automatically offer water and nutrients to plants based on their
needs.”，说明该装置能根据植物需求自动提供水分和养分，即提供植物所需的东西。
3．第三段中，他的科学老师评价：“Chen doesn’t stop easily when facing problems. He always tries
again …”，并结合前文“He failed over 20 times before succeeding.”，说明他成功的最主要原因是坚持
不懈的精神。
4．第四段中，评委的评价是：“It can be widely used in daily life and it is environmentally
friendly.”，“widely used in daily life”对应实用性（practical），“environmentally friendly”对应绿色环
保（green）。
5．最后一段指出：“Chen plans to improve his invention and hopes to study environmental science at
university.”，明确说明他计划改进发明并在大学学习环境科学。
九、书面表达
假如你是九年级一班的李华，你校正在举办科技节，你应邀参加以“科技改变生活”为主题的
演讲比赛。请你根据以下思维导图的提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍身边的科技及其优点。
写作要求：
1) 文中须包含下图提示的所有信息，可适当发挥：
2) 文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称：
3) 词数80左右 (开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
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页 共 页参考词汇: convenient, shop online, have video calls, save time easy to travel, environmental-friendly...
Hello, everyone ! I am Li Hua. It’s a great honor for me to speak here.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文：
Hello, everyone! I am Li Hua. It’s a great honor for me to speak here.
The rapid development of science and technology brings us great inventions and the inventions make
our life better and better. Today, I want to talk about four great inventions. They are smartphones, robots, high-
speed trains and electric cars. The smart phone makes our life convenient. We can shop online, watch movies
and have video calls by using the smartphone. As for the robot, it can help us with housework. It saves us a lot
of time. The high-speed train has greatly improved our travel speed. Travelling becomes easier than before.
The electric car has also changed our life. It can not only save energy but also protect environment.
That’s all my speech. Thank you.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿；
②时态：时态主要为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已通过思维导图给出，考生需涵盖图中所有信息，包括智能手机、机器人、高铁和
电动汽车等科技产品及其优点，可适当发挥，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作意图。通过介绍“科技的快速发展及其带来的伟大发明”来引出要介绍的重点内
容；
第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“智能手机、机器人、高铁和电动汽车”四个方面详细介绍身边的科
技及其优点；
第三步，书写结语。总结演讲内容，并表示感谢。
[亮点词汇]
①rapid development of ……的快速发展
②make our life better and better让我们的生活越来越好
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页 共 页③as for 至于
④help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
⑤save sb a lot of time 节省某人大量时间
⑥not only...but also...不仅……而且……
⑦protect environment保护环境
[高分句型]
①The rapid development of science and technology brings us great inventions and the inventions make our
life better and better.（and连接的并列句）
②We can shop online, watch movies and have video calls by using the smartphone.（by doing sth通过做某
事）
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