07 航空航天
航空航天时事热点资讯
突发！中国航天再收一则喜讯！美国又要破防了，事情不简单！
据北京日报客户端报道，近日，在太原卫星发射中心海上发射团队的组织指挥下，来自北京的民营火
箭企业——星河动力航天公司于山东附近海域圆满完成谷神星一号海射型（遥三）发射任务，顺利将
云遥一号15-17星、吉天星A-03星、苏星一号01星、天辅高分二号卫星共6颗卫星送入535公里的太
阳同步轨道。云遥一号15-17星三颗卫星技术状态一致，卫星配置GNSS掩星载荷及长波红外相机，
主要用于提供气象观测服务； 此次任务是星河动力航天公司完成的第三次海上发射任务，也是谷神
星一号海射型首次执行中远海发射任务，进一步验证了海射型灵活的轨道和任务适应性。作为目前民
营唯一可以兼顾陆/海发射平台的火箭箭型，谷神星一号商业运载火箭已实现了灵活的轨道适应能力和
高密度发射能力，能够最大程度地快速满足不同卫星用户的发射需求。 与传统陆地发射相比，
海上发射拥有诸多优势，它更加灵活，可以根据发射任务的需求，选择合适的纬度和海域进行发射，
从而更便捷地将卫星送入预定轨道，海上发射可以避开人口密集区域，安全性更高，海上发射还可以
利用海水进行降温，降低发射成本,海上发射也面临着更大的技术挑战，例如海面环境复杂多变，对火
箭的稳定性和安全性提出了更高的要求，而谷神星一号海射型运载火箭，凭借其强大的技术实力，成
功克服了这些难题，为中国商业航天开辟了一条全新的道路。 此次神谷星一号海射型遥三运载
火箭的成功，不仅仅是一次技术上的突破，更是人类对未知世界探索的又一次迈进。它将为卫星发射、
空间探索等领域带来新的机遇和挑战。未来，我们有理由相信，随着航天技术的不断发展，更多的奇
迹将在这片浩瀚的宇宙中诞生。在这个充满希望与挑战的时代，神谷星一号海射型遥三运载火箭的发
射成功，激励着每一个怀揣梦想的人。让我们共同期待，人类在航天领域创造出更加辉煌的成就，开
启更加壮丽的宇宙征程。 值得一提的是，近日美国国家航空航天局（NASA）在太空停留时
间最长的宇航员最近鼓励两位被困在国际空间站的同事保持积极心态，“继续做好工作”。NASA宇
航员弗兰克·鲁比奥（Frank Rubio）深谙任务意外延长的感受。他在国际空间站的任务持续了一年多，
比原计划整整多了一倍时间。因此，在过去的两周里，他一直在帮助这两位因任务延长而滞留的同事。
鲁比奥表示，他在周四与苏尼·威廉姆斯（Suni Williams）进行了交流，并对她和布奇·威尔莫尔
（Butch Wilmore）如何应对困境感到非常自豪。 波音新飞船于近期发射，按照原计划，两名宇航员
应该在2周后从国际空间站返回，拿到大笔奖金就退休，然而天有不测风云，波音的星际客机飞船就
如同他们的737客机一样，一上天就出了岔子。在发射之前，星际客机就出现了氦气泄漏的问题。但波音认为无关紧要，坚持继续发射。不料飞船进入地球轨道之后，氦气泄漏越来越严重，接连发现了5
个漏点。氦气是用来给发动机燃料贮箱增压用的，如果漏光了，飞船发动机就无法启动，那可就麻烦
了。 宇航员布奇·威尔莫尔和苏尼·威廉姆斯目前因为星际客机的技术问题，无法返航。这是波
音星际客机首次载人测试飞行。美国宇航局（NASA）在近日的新闻发布会上就接回宇航员提出了几
种选择。一种选择是让他们乘坐星际客机返回；另一种选择是让他们在空间站停留大约7个月，并搭
乘SpaceX的Crew Dragon飞船返回。美国宇航局表示：“星际客机地面团队正在分析最近测试的结果，
完成飞船集成推进系统的飞行准备，并在星际客机返回地球之前确认系统可靠性。”
波音飞船的问题已经不是首次说明了，而且波音飞船面对的问题比想象中严重，由于在首次载人飞行
的过程之中出现了问题，那意味着要解决这个问题需要时间。此前NASA已经公开表示了，下一次波
音飞船的任务将会延期，但是还会不会继续推迟，这还是未知数，这主要看波音飞船解决的情。其次，
这一次波音飞船找龙飞船来接，对波音来说是一次沉重的打击，因为两者是竞争对手。对波音是伤痛，
而对龙飞船来说，是一次喜讯。 马斯克SpaceX的“龙飞船”,一次可以将七位宇航员送上太空，它
不仅可以载人，而且还可以运货。在波音没有掺合进来之前，一直都是“龙飞船”负责载人运货。马
斯克的“龙飞船”可靠性非常高，因为它已经多次使用了。现在看来，“龙飞船”大概率要接两位宇
航员回家了，因为NASA方面已经对“龙飞船”提出了要求。 “龙飞船”是七人座的，NASA要求
“龙飞船”减少座位数量，毕竟这一次只带两个人回来。
航空航天阅读拓展 词汇清单
单词
1. explore v.①探测；探索 ②探讨；探究
2. exploration n. 1 勘探：勘察②研究；探究
3. space n. ①太空②空间；空地 space travel太空旅行 spacewalk n 太空行走
permanent space station 永久空间站 space lab 空间实验室
4. planet n. 行星
5. solar adj 太阳的；利用太阳能的 solar energy 太阳能 solar panel 太阳能板
6. lunar adj 月球的；以月球公转测度的
7. the lunar calendar 阴历 lunar rover 月球车
8. launch v. ①发射；使（船）下水 ②把……投放市场 ③发动；创办
n. ①发射②（新产品的)投放市场 ③(新书的)发行
launch site 发射场 launch area发射区
9. send v. ①（通过无线电或电流）发射，发送，传送(信号) ②邮寄；发送③打发；派(人)；安排……去 ④传达；转告
send up 发出；射出；长出
send out 发出(光、味、声音等)；送出；派遣
send away 解雇；把……打发走
10. satellite /'satelart/all n 卫星 artificial satellite 人造卫星
11. orbit n （天体等运行的）轨道 V 沿轨道运行
12. detector n.探测器
13. probe v. 调查，打探，探究 n. 探究, 航天探测器，太空探测器
14. gravity n 重力；地心引力
15. universe n [常与 the连用]宇宙
16. globe n [the globe]地球；世界
17. equator n [用单数，常用作 the equator]赤道
18. astronomy n天文学
19. astronaut n宇航员
20. astronomer n天文学家
21. spaceship n宇宙飞船
22. spacecraft n. 航天(飞行)器，字害飞题，
23. rocket n 火箭；火箭弹 v.飞速上升；飞驰
24. shuttle n ① 航天飞机 ②短程穿梭运行的车辆、周等 ③(织布机的)梭
25. capsule n 太空舱；(药剂的)胶囊
26. lift-off n (航天器的)发射；起飞；升
27. countdown n. 倒数读秒；倒计时
28. take-off n 飞机起飞
29. landing n 着陆；降落
30. touchdown n (飞机或航天器的)着陆；降
31. weightless adj 失重的；无重量的
32. spacesuit n 航天服；宇航服
33. manned adj.载人的 manned spaceship 载人飞船
34. unmanned adj 无人操纵的
35. telescope n 望远镜
36. observatory n 天文台；气象台
37. *alien adj 外星人的；陌生的；异域的 n 外星人；侨民38. black hole 黑洞
39. light year 光年（光在真空中传播一年的距离)
40. Milky Way 银河
41. galaxy n. 星系；银河，
短语
1. Shenzhou XII神州十二号
2. Tianhe, Harmony of Heaven 天和
3. Long March 5B heavy-lift rocket 长征五号B运载火箭
4. Long March 7 rocket长征七号
5. Tianzhou 2 cargo spacecraft天舟二号货运飞船
6. China Manned Space Agency 中国载人航天飞船办公室
7. China National Space Administration 中国航天局
8. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 美国航空航天局
9. the facilities and equipment 设施设备
10. in good condition 状态良好
11. various pre-launch function checks 发射前各种功能检查
12. joint test 联合测试
13. dock with 与...对接
14. space docking 空间对接
15. rendezvous and docking 交会对接
16. after entering orbit 入轨后
17. low-Earth orbit 近地轨道
18. living materials 生活物资
19. collect samples 采样
20. 3D projection 3D 投影
21. launch a rocket 发射火箭
22. China Aerospace 中国航天
23. take in a lunar eclipse 观看月食
24. think outside the box 跳出固有思维模式
25. break new ground 开辟了新的领域
26. the cutting edge of ……的技术前沿
27. advance by leaps and bounds突飞猛进28. extraordinary contributions杰出贡献
29. remarkable achievements 非凡的成就
30. lunar exploration adventure月球探索冒险
31. at/in / to the forefront (of sth) 处于（……的）最前列
句式
1. In 2015, a major breakthrough in technology was made, using independent research and development.
2015年，利用自主研发，在技术上取得了重大突破。
2. This is a GPS app that maps your routes and records your time and distances.
这是一款GPS应用程序，可以绘制路线图并记录时间和距离。
3. Some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.
一些科学家敦促我们思考人工智能的进步带来的危险。
4. Technological developments, with all their downside, can lift people out of that backbreaking toil.
科技的发展尽管存在许多弊端，却使人们摆脱了繁重的劳作。
5. This was a remarkable achievement by the Chinese team of scientists in such a short space of time.
这是中国科学家团队在如此短的时间内取得的一项了不起的成就。
6. Are you looking for a sports watch to help you keep track of your fitness and chart your training progress?
你是否在寻找一款运动手表来帮你跟踪体能状况，记录训练进度?
拓展阅读训练
NASA (美国航空航天局) is looking for a new way to get its precious Mars samples back to the earth. Those
samples are being collected by the Perseverance rover in Mars’Jezero Crater, which hosted a lake and a river delta
billions of years ago. Getting the samples is one of NASA’s top science goals. Studying unspoiled Red Planet
material in well-equipped labs around the world could reveal key insights into Mars, including whether it has ever
hosted life.
The agency has had a Mars sample return (MSR) structure in place for some time now, but repeated delays
and cost overruns seem to have made the original plan hard to realize. “The bottom line is that $ 11 billion is too
much, and not returning samples until 2040 is unacceptably too long,” NASA chief Bill Nelson said during a call
with reporters. That price tag is the upper-end estimate calculated by an independent review board. A team from
within NASA analyzed those September results, determining that the agency won’t be able to get Perseverance’s
samples back to Earth until 2040 with the established structure.
NASA is now seeking a new way forward in an attempt to cut costs and get the samples here sooner. Saving
money will aid other agency science projects, and speeding up the timeline could help the agency plan out mannedMars trips.
The wheels on the new plan are already turning. NASA is asking the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern
California — its lead facility for robotic planetary exploration — and other agency research centers for innovative
MSR ideas. NASA will hold an industry day and accept proposals. The goal is to have enough information on hand
by late fall or early winter to begin charting a new path forward on MSR. MSR remains a top priority for NASA,
despite the difficulty of the task. After all, no country has ever launched a rocket from the surface of another planet,
though three countries have launched from the moon.
“I think it’s fair to say that we are committed to bring back the samples, for this is an important national
objective.” Nelson said.
1．What’s the main function of paragraph 2?
A．To draw readers’ attention to this topic.
B．To warn the readers of a possible failure.
C．To stress the importance of Mars samples.
D．To introduce some background information.
2．What does Bill Nelson think of the original MSR structure?
A．Efficient. B．Impractical. C．Sensible. D．Conservative.
3．Why is NASA seeking a new way to get its Mars samples back to Earth?
A．The current method is costly and takes too long.
B．The current method is too risky and unreliable.
C．It takes a sophisticated container to convey the samples.
D．The samples have been spoiled and need to be handled differently.
4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．NASA’s huge project
B．MSR, a promising plan
C．NASA’s Mars sample return plan calls for overall adjustments
D．NASA’s campaign to return Mars Samples to Earth is on hold
高频词汇训练
单词拼写
1．I’ve also found that playing some quiet music while doing this helps — something in the background that’s
soothing but not (令人分心). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
2．The availability of new passenger cars each year depends on whether car makers successfully complete an(排放物) certification process. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
3．Zhejiang had (提升) its emergency response to Level I, the highest level, starting at noon on
Saturday, the provincial emergency management department said. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
4．The wide-eyed look of fascination and lack of expression is mechanical, as if mass (大量生产)
like anime books and magazines. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
5．An area in a roadway from which traffic is excluded provides safe area for (步行者). (根据汉语
提示单词拼写)
6．We divided our available time into two parts. First, we visited a famous tower to clarify our (疑
问) about it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
7．A Chinese (智力游戏) consisting of a square cut into five triangles, a square, and a rhomboid, to
be reassembled into different figures. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
8．But talk of peace and reconciliation is just fanciful and theoretical unless we are prepared to undergo such a
(巨变). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
9．Spaniards gobble a dozen grapes, each fruit representing a month that will be either sweet or (酸
的). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
10．Some of my (英雄) are real people, and some are from stories.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
阅读七选五
（一）
Flight disruptions have periodically made it difficult for people to reach their destinations. Here are three of
the biggest potential flight disruptors and what you can do about them:
★ How could the weather disrupt flights this summer?
Wild weather can hinder air travel, whether it’s an Arizona monsoon storm or a hurricane over the Atlantic
Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico. That can affect whether your flight is delayed or canceled. 11 Extreme
climate conditions also can disrupt air travel, as the Canadian wildfires demonstrated recently.
▶ Tip: If bad weather is expected, monitor the conditions in your flight path and take advantage of airline
offers to reschedule without change fees. Download your airline’s app and enable notifications. 12
★ Is a pilot strike likely this summer?
In May, American Airlines and Southwest Airlines pilots’ unions voted to authorize strikes. While it appears
unlikely that pilots will strike at either airline, a work stoppage could be a problem. The votes by the American and
Southwest pilots’ unions to authorize a strike don’t necessarily mean a strike will happen. 13 A strike
wouldn’t happen unless negotiations between the unions and the airlines’ management break down.▶Tip: There is no reason to panic. If a strike appears likely, travelers can monitor the situation and consider
switching to another airline.
★ What if my airline has a computer meltdown?
Southwest Airlines experienced two nationwide computer outages last year. 14 Southwest conducted
an internal review of its technology and began implementing a three-part action plan to address service disruptions
from computer glitches, including fast-tracking operational investments.
▶ Tip: When issues emerge at the airport, technological and otherwise, the best thing people can do is to be
patient. Read your airline’s policy on compensation for canceled flights. 15 The more patient that
passengers can be, the better it will make everything smoother as they try to fix everything.
A．And don’t forget to advocate for yourself.
B．In that way you don’t miss updates and offers.
C．But technology hasn’t always been up to the task.
D．And that can determine how smooth your plane ride is.
E．The votes are routine steps in their contract negotiations.
F．They can get overloaded because of helping to ease people’s stress.
G．That was a symptom of operating on outdated computer infrastructures.
（二）
If you’re afraid to fly, you’re in good company. About 40% of Americans feel some fear at the thought of
flying. 16 , these tips can help.
17
Exposure therapy is the idea that being exposed to something you’re afraid of over and over again calms down
your limbic system so it doesn’t fire up as fast. That could mean less anxiety in the long run.
During the night, distract yourself
When we’re really anxious, we can’t think straight. The key is to try to connect to your rational, thinking
brain. When we really focus on thinking, like doing a math problem, our emotional brain calms down. Try a
crossword puzzle or Sudoku, read a really juicy romance novel or get through a pile of paperwork. 18 .
If you hit turbulence (气流), don’t force yourself to calm down
During a rough flight, you might be to take slow, deep breaths to calm down. 19 . It’s nearly
impossible to stop your fight-or-flight response, once it’s been triggered. Remind yourself that your body is having
a normal response to a perceived threat.
Consult with a doctor about medication (冥想), if you feel you might need itThere are medications pretty quickly taking down anxiety. 20 , talk with your primary care doctor or
a psychiatrist. Try to think of a medication that’s not just short-term, but something that can help you bring your
baseline anxiety down.
A．But don’t try to stop the experience
B．Try to hold back your feeling of fear
C．If you do need medication to get on a plane
D．Board your flight with plenty of distractions
E．Face your fear, repeatedly but in small doses
F．If you did almost anything but can’t avoid flights
G．That’s where I agree with because that experience is terrible
完形填空
Last year marked 20 years since the deadliest accident in the history of Italian aviation (航空). In October
2001, the Linate Airport disaster 21 more than 100 people lose their lives 22 a ground crash at
Milan’s most centrally-located commercial airport. The 23 involved a Scandinavian Airlines McDonnell
Douglas MD-87 and a private Cessna Citation CJ2.
The date of the accident was October 8th, 2001. On this day, MD-87 was set to 24 a direct flight from
Milan Linate to Copenhagen in Denmark. This 25 had 104 passengers and six crew onboard.
Also set to 26 Milan Linate that morning was the Cessna CJ2. Headed for Paris, there were just four
people onboard.
On the morning of October 8th, 2001, foggy conditions prevailed (占优势) at Milan Linate Airport. Such
weather can 27 visibility to minimal levels, potentially causing 28 operational trouble at airports.
There is a very real 29 to it, as misunderstandings can be deadly in low visibility. 30 , Vincenzo
Fusco, the airport’s director, stated that conditions were still 31 for flying. The Cessna’s pilots, 32
in the fog, took a wrong turn on the runway, which could have been 33 if there had been a ground radar
(雷达) system at the airport.
At 08:09, air traffic control advised MD-87’s pilots that they were clear to take-off. Less than a minute after
this clearance, the departing MD-87 34 with the Cessna as it crossed the runway. The crash and the
resulting fire destroyed both of the aircraft, leaving all the passengers and pilots 35 in the tragedy dead.
21．A．offered B．saw C．affected D．predicted
22．A．due to B．despite C．apart from D．with regard to
23．A．occasion B．situation C．tragedy D．adventure24．A．unfold B．command C．operate D．distribute
25．A．company B．profession C．trade D．service
26．A．depart B．transform C．orbit D．enter
27．A．increase B．reduce C．enhance D．recover
28．A．current B．magical C．odd D．severe
29．A．danger B．loss C．prejudice D．response
30．A．Therefore B．Thankfully C．Literally D．However
31．A．necessary B．suitable C．convenient D．ready
32．A．engaged B．connected C．lost D．experienced
33．A．noticed B．emphasized C．ignored D．generated
34．A．replaced B．crashed C．contrasted D．quarreled
35．A．dressed B．absorbed C．buried D．involved
语篇填空
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
嫦娥六号任务取得圆满成功
China’s Chang’e-6 lunar probe returns with first-ever samples from far side of the moon
China has made spaceflight history yet again. China’s Chang’e-6 lunar probe returned to Earth on Tuesday,
36 (bring) back the first-ever samples from the unexplored far side of the moon.
The re-entry capsule landed in the northern Chinese region of Inner Mongolia at 2:07 p.m. local time,
according to a Google-translated update from the China National Space Administration (CNSA), 37
declared the mission a “complete success.”
Chang’e-6 returned to Earth with soil 38 (collect) from the South Pole-Aitken Basin — a
massive crater in the lunar hemisphere (半球) that always faces away from Earth.
The new samples will 39 (probable) offer researchers around the globe useful keys for
answering 40 (question) about the moon, and will likely bring a range of invaluable 41
(science) payoffs.
The probe landed on the moon on June 2, 42 (take) off again on June 4 and then spent 13 days
in the moon’s orbit before returning to Earth. 43 total, Chang’e-6 mission took 53 days from its May 3
departure from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan, 44 island off China’s south coast.
Chinese President Xi Jinping conveyed his congratulations to the CNSA for “another landmark 45
(achieve) in building a strong country in space, and science and technology.”应用文写作
46．欣闻神舟十八号载人飞船发射成功，上周六你们班全体同学参观了一场太空科学展览。请你以“A
Trip to the Space Science Exhibition”为题向校英文报投稿，介绍此次活动。内容包括：
1.展览概况；
2.个人感想。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
A Trip to the Space Science Exhibition
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