09 人与自我之生活与学习
Passage 1
（22-23高二下·浙江丽水·期末）The “script murder” game is not only popular in China,
but the genre is loved by many people around the world. A cast of actors plays the suspects, and
the participants solve the case. In fact, murder-inspired board games, card games, interactive
books and party games have been around at least since the so-called golden age of British crime
fiction in the 1920s and 1930s, which saw the rise of legendary authors like Agatha Christie.
Sam Emmerson, creative director of Moonstone Murder Mysteries in London, a company
that creates and runs immersive mysteries, says people like the puzzle aspect of it, and the
improvised exchanges with the actors: “It’s the reputation that murder mysteries have built up
these days, as being a fun thing to go to.” After all, real-life violent crime is every person’s worst
nightmare. “If it was a real-life situation, and someone’s been murdered, that’s not a fun subject.
You’re in this sort of alternate reality where we’re very casually solving the death of a human
being.”
The enduring popularity of these games presents a mystery of its own: What motivates
ordinary, law-abiding people to spend an evening investigating fake bloodshed, and hunting
pretend murderers? One simple explanation might be curiosity. But that is not the full story.
Instead, murder games follow a surprisingly complex set of psychological rules. They allow us to
learn and practice important mental and emotional skills, and can even teach us not to overlook
important evidence.
“The basic idea is that we are using them as a way to simulate threatening plots, and then
play around with how we would respond to that,” Coltan Scrivner, a behavioral scientist says. The
response could be behavioral, or even just emotional, in terms of handling the fear. He calls such
games “scary play”, and compares them to play-fighting among animals, which prepares them for
real-life fighting, but also hunting or tracking down the target.
1．According to the passage, what do we know about Agatha Christie?
A．She is an excellent writer who writes out of passion.
B．She is an outstanding writer who is known for her detective novels.
C．She is a legendary writer who has invented the “script murder” game.D．She is a famous writer who makes international headlines with her science fiction.
2．Sam Emmerson’s Moonstone Murder Mysteries enables people to_______.
A．experience immersive mysteries in a fictional world
B．change real-life violent crime into a fun thing to go to
C．create and solve immersive mysteries in a virtual reality
D．defend the reputation that murder mysteries have built up these days
3．What else attracts people who participate in the “script murder” games besides curiosity?
A．Following complicated psychological rules.
B．Experiencing dramatically threatening plots.
C．Accumulating major information in real-life fighting and hunting.
D．Gaining important mental and emotional skills as well as wisdom.
4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the “script murder” game?
A．Negative. B．Cautious.
C．Positive. D．Objective.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了“剧本杀”游戏以及该类游戏受欢迎的原因。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In fact, murder-inspired board games, card games, interactive
books and party games have been around at least since the so-called golden age of British crime
fiction in the 1920s and 1930s, which saw the rise of legendary authors like Agatha Christie.(事实
上，以谋杀为灵感的桌游、纸牌游戏、互动书籍和派对游戏至少在20世纪二三十年代所谓
的英国犯罪小说黄金时代就已经出现了，Agatha Christie等传奇作家也在这个时代崛起)”可
知，作家Agatha Christie是英国犯罪小说黄金时代的传奇作家，故她是一位以写侦探小说
而闻名的杰出作家，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sam Emmerson, creative director of Moonstone Murder
Mysteries in London, a company that creates and runs immersive mysteries(伦敦Moonstone
Murder Mysteries公司的创意总监Sam Emmerson是一家创作和运营沉浸式推理剧的公司)”
和“You’re in this sort of alternate reality where we’re very casually solving the death of a human
being.(你处在一个替代现实中，我们非常随意地解决一个人的死亡问题)”可知，Sam
Emmerson的Moonstone Murder Mysteries公司能够让人们在虚构的世界中体验沉浸式推理，
故选A。3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They allow us to learn and practice important mental and
emotional skills, and can even teach us not to overlook important evidence.(它们让我们学习和练
习重要的心理和情感技能，甚至可以教会我们不要忽视重要的证据)”可知，“剧本杀”游
戏让人们学习和练习重要的心理和情感技能以及智慧，这也是“剧本杀”游戏的吸引人之
处，故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“They allow us to learn and practice
important mental and emotional skills, and can even teach us not to overlook important evidence.
(它们让我们学习和练习重要的心理和情感技能，甚至可以教会我们不要忽视重要的证据)”
可知，作者对“剧本杀”游戏持积极态度，故选C。
Passage 2
（23-24高二下·安徽黄山·期末）Today, open book-review pages, and you are more likely
to see writers describing each other and their work with such words as “brilliant” and “insightful”
rather than, as they once did, “tiresome”. An editor for BuzzFeed, a news site, even announced
that its books section would not do negative book reviews at all. This was wonderful news for
writers everywhere. It was not such good news for readers.
The best bad reviews are scalpel (手术刀) jobs, observes the British critic Adam Mars-
Jones,“ because if it’s not precise, it’s not going to work.” One of the finest was used by George
Eliot on Charlotte Bronte’s “Jane Eyre”. “I wish,” Eliot wrote.“ the characters would talk a little
less like the heroes and heroines of police reports.” Modem reviewers rarely achieve such deadly
beauty. All too often reviews are full of filler words: “darkly funny”, “deep thinking”. Many of
these imply the word “boring”, which is in effect forbidden on literary pages.
The Internet is one reason for this softening. It has changed both the economics of
criticism(newspapers have fewer book pages, so editors tend to fill them with the books you
should read, not the ones you should not) and the advisability of it. The Internet has also helped
decrease anonymity (匿名). Once, most reviews were anonymous. Today, most reviewers are not
only named but easily searchable. Whereas 30 years ago, critics were “encouraged to really have a
go at people”, now people are ‘terrified of giving public criticism’’.
There have been attempts to bring back sharp criticism. In 2012 an award called the
“Hatchet Job of the Year” was launched by two critics as a “mission against boredom and lazythinking”. It ran for three years. Fleur Macdonald, one of its co-founders, thinks that “the literary
scene probably needs it more than over now”, but that it struggled to get sponsorship since “bad
book reviews can cause disagreements”.
5．What is the feature of book reviews nowadays?
A．They are getting brilliant. B．They are very friendly to readers.
C．They hardly offer sharp criticism. D．They show no respect for writers’ feelings.
6．What does the author feel at Eliot’s review of “Jane Eyre”?
A．Exact and effective. B．Beautiful and talkative.
C．Thoughtful and funny. D．Unfriendly and uncertain.
7．How is paragraph 3 mainly developed?
A．By listing figures. B．By making comparisons.
C．By providing examples. D．By making classifications.
8．What can we learn about the “Hatchet Job of the Year”?
A．It inspired many critics. B．It became an instant hit.
C．It met with challenges. D．It has been running for years.
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今书评很少提出尖锐的批评的现象，分析了
这一现象背后的原因。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Today, open book-review pages, and you are more likely to see
writers describing each other and their work with such words as “brilliant” and “insightful” rather
than, as they once did, “tiresome”. An editor for BuzzFeed, a news site, even announced that its
books section would not do negative book reviews at all. (如今，打开书评页面，你更有可能看
到作家们用“才华横溢”和“见解深刻”这样的词来形容彼此和他们的作品，而不是像过
去那样用“令人厌烦”。新闻网站BuzzFeed的一名编辑甚至宣布，它的图书版块根本不会
刊登负面书评)”可知，现在书评的特点是很少提出尖锐的批评。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“One of the finest was used by George Eliot on Charlotte
Bronte’s “Jane Eyre”. “I wish,” Eliot wrote.“ the characters would talk a little less like the heroes
and heroines of police reports.” Modem reviewers rarely achieve such deadly beauty. All too often
reviews are full of filler words: “darkly funny”, “deep thinking”. Many of these imply the
word “boring”, which is in effect forbidden on literary pages.(乔治·艾略特在夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简·爱》中使用了最好的一个。“我希望，”艾略特写道。“人物的谈吐会不那么像警察
报告中的男女主角。”现代评论家很少能达到如此致命的美。评论往往充满了填充词：
“黑色幽默”、“深思熟虑”。其中许多都暗示了“无聊”一词，而这个词在文学页面上
是被禁止的。)”可知，作者认为艾略特对《简·爱》的评价准确有效。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段“The Internet is one reason for this softening. It has changed both
the economics of criticism (newspapers have fewer book pages, so editors tend to fill them with
the books you should read, not the ones you should not) and the advisability of it. The Internet
has also helped decrease anonymity (匿名). Once, most reviews were anonymous. Today, most
reviewers are not only named but easily searchable. Whereas 30 years ago, critics were
“encouraged to really have a go at people”, now people are ‘terrified of giving public criticism’’.
(互联网是这种软化的原因之一。它既改变了评论的经济学（报纸的页数较少，因此编辑倾
向于用你应该读的书填满它们，而不是你不应该读的书），也改变了评论的可取性。互联
网也有助于减少匿名。以前，大多数评论都是匿名的。今天，大多数评论者不仅有名字，
而且很容易被搜索到。30年前，批评家们“被鼓励去批评别人”，而现在，人们“害怕公
开批评”)”可知，第三段通过比较以前和现在的评论展开。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Fleur Macdonald, one of its co-founders, thinks that “the
literary scene probably needs it more than over now”, but that it struggled to get sponsorship since
“bad book review s can cause disagreements”.(它的创始人之一Fleur Macdonald认为“文学界
可能比现在更需要它”，但由于“糟糕的书评会引起分歧”，它很难获得赞助。)”可知，
Hatchet Job of the Year遇到了挑战。故选C。
Passage 3
（23-24高二下·广东江门·期末）“Everything happens for the best,” my mother said
whenever things weren’t going my way. “Don’t worry. One day your luck will change.”
Mother was right, as I discovered after I had finished my college education, I had decided
to try for a job in radio. One day, I wanted to host a sports programme. I went to Chicago and
knocked on the door of every station. But I got turned down every time.
In one station, a kind lady said my problem was that I hadn’t got enough experience. “Get
some work with a small station and work your way up,” she said.
I went back home. I couldn’t get a job there, either. Then my dad told me a businessmanhad opened a store and needed someone to help him. But again, I didn’t get the job.
I felt really down. “Your luck will change,” Mom said to me. Dad lent me the car to help
me to look for my job. I tried another radio station in Iowa. But the owner, an iceman, told me he
had already had someone.
As I left his office, I asked, “How can someone be a sports announcer if he can’t get a job
in a radio station?”
I was waiting for the lift when I heard the man call, “What did you mean? Do you know
anything about football?” He put me in front of a microphone and asked me to try to imagine that
I was giving my opinion on a football game, I succeeded.
On my way home, Mom’s words come back to me, “One day your luck will change, Son.
And when it happens, it’ll feel doubly good because of all the hard work you’ve had.” At that
moment I knew just what she meant.
9．What’s the writer’s ideal job?
A．A sportsman. B．A shop assistant.
C．A sports announcer. D．A businessman.
10．What does the underlined sentence “But I got turned down every time” mean?
A．But I was refused every time. B．But I was successful every time.
C．But I lost my way every time. D．But the door of every station was always
closed.
11．What the best title of this passage?
A．Mother’s Words. B．Everything Happens for the Best.
C．No One Is Always Lucky. D．To Find a Job in Radio Is Difficult.
12．Which words can be used to describe the writer’s mother?
A．Strong-willed and independent. B．Easy-going and warm-hearted.
C．Caring and optimistic. D．Humorous and responsible.
【答案】9．C 10．A 11．B 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想成为一名体育播音员，主持体育节目，但
屡屡遭受拒绝，妈妈鼓励他继续努力，好运会到来。最终，作者得到了一个工作机会。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One day, I wanted to host a sports programme. (有一天，我
想主持一个体育节目)”可知，作者的理想工作是当体育播音员。故选C项。10．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In one station, a kind lady said my problem was that I hadn’t
got enough experience. “Get some work with a small station and work your way up,” she said. (在
一个电台里，一位善良的女士说我的问题是我没有足够的经验。“在一家小电视台找份工
作，然后一步步往上爬，”她说)”和第四段中“I went back home. I couldn’t get a job there,
either. (我回到了家。我在那里也找不到工作)”可知，作者申请工作都失败了，因此画线句
意为“但我每次都被拒绝了”。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中““Everything happens for the best,” my
mother said whenever things weren’t going my way. (“一切都会好的，”每当事情不像我想的
那样时，我母亲就会说)”可知，文章讲述了作者找工作的故事，他想成为一名体育播音员，
主持体育节目，但屡屡遭受拒绝，妈妈鼓励他继续努力，好运会到来。最终，作者得到了
一个工作机会。作者的故事恰恰契合了妈妈说的那句话“一切都会好的”，因此这句话契
合文章主旨，最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段““Everything happens for the best,” my mother said whenever
things weren’t going my way. “Don’t worry. One day your luck will change.” (“一切都会好的，
别担心。总有一天你的运气会变好的。”每当事情不像我想的那样时，我母亲就会说)”和
第五段中“I felt really down. “Your luck will change,” Mom said to me. (我真的很沮丧。“你
的运气会变的，”妈妈对我说)”可知，妈妈相信一切都会好的，总是在作者沮丧的时候鼓
励他。因此，作者的妈妈是体贴且乐观的。故选C项。
Passage 4
（23-24高二下·云南昆明·阶段练习）As a teenager in the 1990s, Melissa Blake was
interested in fashion. Unfortunately, fashion wasn’t much interested in her. Blake, who has a
genetic bone and muscle disorder and stands a little under 4 feet tall, couldn’t find jeans or dresses
in her size. Paging through magazines, she didn’t see a single person like her. “That would have
been a game changer for me,” says Blake, who had 26 surgeries before age 17 to treat her
Freeman-Sheldon syndrome.
So far, Blake, 39, has spent her adult life trying to make up for that. She is a disability-
rights activist as well as a freelance (自由职业的) writer whose works have appeared in The New
York Times and Clamour, but she gained a national following in 2019 after clapping back at
people who made ugly comments about her online.Blake posted a new selfie (自拍)every day. “Some selfies were serious, like the ones where
I talked about disabilities or, how I was feeling on not-so-good days. Some were fun and silly, but
each was a celebration, and each carried a message. However, some people said that I should be
banned from posting photos of myself because I’m too ugly. I feel like every time I post a selfie or
share something about my life as a disabled woman, it is a representation to fight that,” Blake told
WBUR.
Her fans went wild, calling Blake a goddess and a powerful woman. Among her fans is
Mindy Scheier, the founder and CEO of Runway of Dreams, which displays fashion for people
with disabilities. Last fall, Scheier asked Blake to be one of the event’s 24 models because of her
support of the welfare of the disabled.
“It was a little scary,” Blake says of modeling. But she’s glad she took the challenge.
“When disabled people are included, it sends a message that we should get a seat at the table in all
aspects of life.”
13．What can be inferred from the 1st paragraph?
A．Melissa Blake was a game designer.
B．Melissa Blake was interested in games.
C．Melissa Blake was too tall to find suitable clothes.
D．Melissa Blake’s fashion dream was affected by her disability.
14．Why did Melissa Blake post selfies every day?
A．To show off her fashion sense.
B．To gain a national following.
C．To become a model for Runway of Dreams.
D．To fight against ugly comments about her appearance.
15．Why was Melissa Blake asked to be a model for Runway of Dreams?
A．Because she is a fashion icon. B．Because she is the founder of the event.
C．Because she is a disability-rights activist.D．Because she is a professional writer.
16．Which of the following best matches the article?
A．Courage can break down obstacles.
B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C．Practice makes perfect.
D．It is never too old to learn.【答案】13．D 14．D 15．C 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了梅丽莎·布莱克，一位患有遗传性骨骼和肌肉
疾病的残疾权利活动家，如何面对时尚界的忽视和个人网络攻击，勇敢地表达自我，最终
赢得认可和支持的故事。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As a teenager in the 1990s, Melissa Blake was interested
in fashion. Unfortunately, fashion wasn’t much interested in her. Blake, who has a genetic bone
and muscle disorder and stands a little under 4 feet tall, couldn’t find jeans or dresses in her size.
Paging through magazines, she didn’t see a single person like her.(20世纪90年代，作为一名青
少年，梅丽莎·布莱克对时尚感兴趣。不幸的是，时尚界对她不太感兴趣。Blake患有遗传
性骨骼和肌肉疾病，身高不到4英尺，找不到和她一样大的牛仔裤或连衣裙。翻阅杂志，
她没有看到像她这样的人)”可知，梅丽莎·布莱克的时尚梦想受到残疾的影响。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, some people said that I should be banned from
posting photos of myself because I’m too ugly. I feel like every time I post a selfie or share
something about my life as a disabled woman, it is a representation to fight that(然而，有些人说
我应该被禁止发布自己的照片，因为我太丑了。我觉得每次我发布自拍或分享我作为残疾
女性的生活时，这都是一种对抗)”可知，梅丽莎·布莱克每天都会发布自拍照，以对抗关于
她外表的恶意评论。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Last fall, Scheier asked Blake to be one of the event’s 24
models because of her support of the welfare of the disabled.(去年秋天，Scheier因为布莱克对
残疾人福利的支持，邀请她成为该活动24名模特之一)”可推知，梅丽莎·布莱克被邀请为
Runway of Dreams的模特，因为她是一名为残疾人争取权利的活动家。故选C。
16．推理判断题。结合全文及文章最后一段“But she’s glad she took the challenge. “When
disabled people are included, it sends a message that we should get a seat at the table in all aspects
of life.”(但她很高兴自己接受了挑战。“当残疾人也包括在内时，它发出了一个信息，即我
们应该在生活的各个方面都有一席之地”)”可知，这篇文章讲述的是梅丽莎·布莱克，一位
患有遗传性骨骼和肌肉疾病的残疾权利活动家，如何面对时尚界的忽视和个人网络攻击，
勇敢地表达自我，最终赢得认可和支持的故事，故A项“勇气可以打破障碍”与文章主题
相匹配。故选A。Passage 5
（23-24高二下·江西南昌·期末）On the crowded supermarket shelves, food products try
to attract attention, using packaging and labels to clinch the deal. Around 72% of American
consumers say that product packaging influences their purchase decisions. Food companies are
aware of this and understand that it applies to packaging design as well as the message conveyed
through labels.
Louis Biscotti, the National Leader for Food Beverage Services Group, writes that when the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) update d its policy on the nutrition facts label for packaged
foods in 2020, food and drink companies found they could use the labels on their packaging to
provide nutritional and other data to drive increase in sales. The information on the FDA labels
and what they packed onto their labels and packaging greatly increased sales. Many consumers
surveyed were more likely to buy products with “natural” labels.
A new report takes a look at the popularity of the “natural” claim on food packaging and it’s
eye-opening. “Food suppliers can use the label that claims the food is ‘natural’ at a relatively low
cost because regulatory (监管的) agencies treat the claim as meaning nothing artificial was added
and that the product was hardly processed,” the authors explain.
While that is certainly valuable information to know, the problem is in consumers’
understanding of what “natural” means. Studies show that people think a product labeled as
“natural” delivers benefits far beyond what it actually does, with most consumers mistakenly
linking health and environmental care qualities to food with “natural” labels. In a 2022 survey,
86% of people reported that they purchased products with “natural” labels because they believed
the labels indicated better-than-standard animal welfare and higher environmental care production
practices.
That might simply seem discouraging as food producers are taking advantage of consumers’
innocence to increase sales. But the more serious problem is how this harms food producers who
are actually meeting the standards for stricter labeling. These producers are doing good but ending
up at a competitive disadvantage if consumers consider foods labeled “natural” as alike.
As a consequence, any health and environmental care benefits that might have been realized
from consumers choosing products that matched their preferences could be lost.17．What does the underlined word “clinch” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Secure. B．Standardize. C．Close. D．Cut.
18．What was the consequence of the FDA’s 2020 policy on packaged foods?
A．It helped consumers make careful choices.
B．It led to a sharp price rise in packaged foods.
C．Companies found new chances to increase sales.
D．Companies were forced to make more healthy products.
19．Why does the food with the “natural” label gain favor with consumers?
A．It has a better taste. B．It is at a lower price.
C．It comes in a great many varieties. D．It is thought to be healthy and green.
20．What’s the text mainly about?
A．Label design is important for food companies.
B．The message on food labels may be misleading.
C．Customers should check the label before purchasing.
D．“Natural” labels should be added to food packaging.
【答案】17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是说明文。本文讲述了消费者更可能购买产品标签带有“天然”产品，认为
这些产品更健康，更环保，但实际上声称食品是‘天然的’，只是因为监管机构认为这种
说法意味着没有添加任何人工成分，产品几乎没有经过加工。
17．词句猜测题。根据下文“Around 72% of American consumers say that product packaging
influences their purchase decisions. Food companies are aware of this and understand that it
applies to packaging design as well as the message conveyed through labels.(大约72%的美国消
费者表示，产品包装会影响他们的购买决定。食品公司意识到这一点，并理解它适用于包
装设计以及通过标签传达的信息。)”可推断，画线句“On the crowded supermarket shelves,
food products try to attract attention, using packaging and labels to clinch the deal.(在拥挤的超
市货架上，食品试图吸引眼球，利用包装和标签来clinch交易。)”中的clinch与A项“确
保”意思一致，说明食品公司利用包装盒标签吸引顾客，让顾客购买食品，确保达交易成
功，故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段的“food and drink companies found they could use the labels on
their packaging to provide nutritional and other data to drive increase in sales. The information onthe FDA labels and what they packed onto their labels and packaging greatly increased sales.
Many consumers surveyed were more likely to buy products with “natural” labels.(食品和饮料公
司发现，他们可以利用包装上的标签提供营养和其他数据，以推动销售增长。FDA标签上
的信息以及标签和包装上的内容大大增加了销量。许多接受调查的消费者更倾向于购买带
有“天然”标签的产品。)”可知，FDA 2020年政策让公司找到了增加销量的新机会。故选
C。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段的“In a 2022 survey, 86% of people reported that they
purchased products with “natural” labels because they believed the labels indicated better-than-
standard animal welfare and higher environmental care production practices.(在2022年的一项调
查中，86%的人报告说，他们购买带有“天然”标签的产品，因为他们认为这些标签表明
动物福利优于标准，生产实践更环保。)”可知，贴有“天然”标签的食品受到消费者的青
睐是因为它被认为是健康和环保的。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第三段“A new report takes a look at the popularity of the
“natural” claim on food packaging and it’s eye-opening. “Food suppliers can use the label that
claims the food is ‘natural’ at a relatively low cost because regulatory (监管的) agencies treat the
claim as meaning nothing artificial was added and that the product was hardly processed,” the
authors explain.(一份新的报告调查了食品包装上“天然”声明的流行程度，令人大开眼界。
作者解释说：“食品供应商可以以相对较低的成本使用声称食品是‘天然的’的标签，因
为监管机构认为这种说法意味着没有添加任何人工成分，产品几乎没有经过加工。”)”和
最后一段“As a consequence, any health and environmental care benefits that might have been
realized from consumers choosing products that matched their preferences could be lost.(因此，
消费者选择符合他们喜好的产品可能带来的任何健康和环境保健益处都可能丧失。)”可知，
本文讲述了消费者更可能购买产品标签带有“天然”产品，认为这些产品更健康，更环保，
但实际上声称食品是‘天然的’，只是因为监管机构认为这种说法意味着没有添加任何人
工成分，产品几乎没有经过加工。因此文章主要讲述了食品标签可能被消费者误解。故选
B。
