英语试题第1 页（共12 页）
绝密★启用前
2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英 语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂
黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写
在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30 分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上
的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 （共5 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分7.5 分）
听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选
出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小
题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15.
B. £9.18.
C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What will James do tomorrow?
A. Watch a TV program.
B. Give a talk.
C. Write a report.
2. What can we say about the woman?
A. She’s generous.
B. She’s curious.
C. She’s helpful.
3. When does the train leave?
A. At 6:30.
B. At 8:30.
C. At 10:30.
4. How does the woman go to work?
A. By car.
B. On foot.
C. By bike.
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates.
B. Teacher and student.
C. Doctor and patient.
英语试题第2 页（共12 页）
第二节 （共15 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分22.5 分）
听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C
三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题
5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6 段材料，回答第6、7 题。
6. What does the woman regret?
A. Giving up her research.
B. Dropping out of college.
C. Changing her major.
7. What is the woman interested in studying now?
A. Ecology.
B. Education.
C. Chemistry.
听第7 段材料，回答第8、9 题。
8. What is the man?
A. A hotel manager.
B. A tour guide.
C. A taxi driver.
9. What is the man doing for the woman?
A. Looking for some local foods.
B. Showing her around the seaside.
C. Offering information about a hotel.
听第8 段材料，回答第10 至12 题。
10. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In an office.
B. At home.
C. At a restaurant.
11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?
A. Go to a concert.
B. Visit a friend.
C. Work extra hours.
12. Who is Alice going to call?
A. Mike.
B. Joan.
C. Catherine.
听第9 段材料，回答第13 至16 题。
13. Why does the woman meet the man?
A. To look at an apartment.
B. To deliver some furniture.
C. To have a meal together.
英语试题第3 页（共12 页）
14. What does the woman like about the carpet?
A. Its color.
B. Its design.
C. Its quality.
15. What does the man say about the kitchen?
A. It’s a good size.
B. It’s newly painted.
C. It’s adequately equipped.
16. What will the woman probably do next?
A. Go downtown.
B. Talk with her friend.
C. Make payment.
听第10 段材料，回答第17 至20 题。
17. Who is the speaker probably talking to?
A. Movie fans.
B. News reporters.
C. College students.
18. When did the speaker take English classes?
A. Before he left his hometown.
B. After he came to America.
C. When he was 15 years old.
19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?
A. He’s proud.
B. He’s sympathetic.
C. He’s grateful.
20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A. How education shaped his life.
B. How his language skills improved.
C. How he managed his business well.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分）
第一节 （共15 小题；每小题2 分，满分30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with
beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the
trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability –
and the cherry blossoms – disappear!
英语试题第4 页（共12 页）
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,
D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique
facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals
looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort.
Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents,
Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make
cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,
D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and
the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts
and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with
reflective vests and safety lights.
21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A. Meet famous people.
B. Go to a national park.
C. Visit well-known museums.
D. Enjoy interesting stories.
23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A. City maps.
B. Cameras.
C. Meals.
D. Safety lights.
英语试题第5 页（共12 页）
B
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every
morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role – showing families how to prepare
delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of
chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for
under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to
put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,
14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican
takeaway restaurant,” she explains. “I pay £5 for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for
26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food,
but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”
The eight-part series (系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of
ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the
vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a
different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in
need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long
weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family.
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information.
D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef
D. Cooking Well for Less
英语试题第6 页（共12 页）
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there
has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-
gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech
independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the
world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and
their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade,
industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory
education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all
have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish
and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is
hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often
spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.
Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and
the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The
median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s
languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with
only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining
speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or
Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance
of survival.
28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A. They developed very fast.
B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns.
D. They were closely connected.
29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Complex.
B. Advanced.
C. Powerful.
D. Modern.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A. About 6,800.
B. About 3,400.
C. About 2,400.
D. About 1,200.
英语试题第7 页（共12 页）
31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.
D
We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of
something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置)
well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these
outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues
at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for
each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the
device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early
1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and
box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart
phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-
room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you
have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic
devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old
devices – we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop
monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy
consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during
the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the
researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new
electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV
viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs
and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
32. What does the author think of new devices?
A. They are environment-friendly.
B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home.
D. They go out of style quickly.
英语试题第8 页（共12 页）
33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
34. Which of the following uses the least energy?
A. The box-set TV.
B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV.
D. The desktop computer.
35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A. Stop using them.
B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them.
D. Recycle them.
第二节 （共5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项
为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design – something you’ll always have in every room. A
grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll
love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking
for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the
way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers
approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that
there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the
small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that
most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and
less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant
benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or
bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have
a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether
you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are
significant. 40 .
英语试题第9 页（共12 页）
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45 分）
第一节 （共20 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分30 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空
白处的最佳选项。
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was
offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of
taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? More than that,
I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits,
news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster,
which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 . I could hardly wait to
47 him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48
was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49
that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we
had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future
professions and, 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life
lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he 55 me:
“The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make
good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what your
opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.” These
words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.
英语试题第10 页（共12 页）
41. A. put forward
B. jumped at
C. tried out
D. turned down
42. A. waste
B. earn
C. save
D. pay
43. A. excited
B. worried
C. moved
D. tired
44. A. title
B. competitor
C. textbook
D. instructor
45. A. urged
B. demanded
C. held
D. meant
46. A. fastest
B. easiest
C. best
D. rarest
47. A. interview
B. meet
C. challenge
D. beat
48. A. chance
B. qualification
C. honor
D. job
49. A. real
B. perfect
C. clear
D. possible
50. A. attend
B. pass
C. skip
D. observe
51. A. add
B. expose
C. apply
D. compare
52. A. eventually
B. naturally
C. directly
D. normally
53. A. game
B. presentation
C. course
D. experiment
54. A. criterion
B. classroom
C. department
D. situation
55. A. taught
B. wrote
C. questioned
D. promised
56. A. fact
B. step
C. manner
D. skill
57. A. grades
B. decisions
C. impressions
D. comments
58. A. analyze
B. describe
C. rebuild
D. control
59. A. announce
B. signal
C. block
D. evaluate
60. A. role
B. desire
C. concern
D. behavior
第二节 （共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61
(long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You
may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)
more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors
of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes
a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
英语试题第11 页（共12 页）
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably
running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength)
your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and
it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get
the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35 分）
第一节 短文改错（共10 小题；每小题1 分，满分10 分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文
中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或
修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit
my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were
living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when
I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also
had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned
quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of
our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
英语试题第12 页（共12 页）
第二节 书面表达（满分25 分）
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry 将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关
习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．到达时间；
2．合适的礼物；
3．餐桌礼仪。
注意：
1．词数100 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
**************************************************************************
考试机构工作人员注意：以下内容不能印在试卷上。
请将“Dear Terry,”按下面格式打印在答题卡上相应的区域。请将“Best, Li Hua”
按下面格式放在底端。
Dear Terry,
Best,
Li Hua
