技巧 01 细节理解题的答题优化策略
策略分析
高考英语阅读理解细节理解题是考查频率最高的题型之一，核心是要求考生从原文中精准定位并提
取与题干信息匹配的具体内容。高考英语阅读理解中的细节理解题，在整个阅读理解题型体系里，属于
考查频率极高的题型类别之一。其核心要义在于，着重考查考生从篇幅各异的原文之中，凭借自身对题
干信息的精准解读，实现对与之高度匹配的具体内容的精确锁定与有效提取。这要求考生不仅要具备扎
实的英语语言基础，能够读懂原文的每一个词句，更要掌握一定的阅读技巧，能够快速定位到关键信息
所在位置，不被冗余信息所干扰，从而准确作答此类题目。
细节理解题的本质是 “原文信息的精准匹配与验证”，需遵循 “3 步闭环操作法”，确保答题速
度与准确率的平衡：
（1）审题标注：锁定关键线索。快速通读题干与选项，用横线标注两类关键词：①显性定位词（人
名、地名、数字、大写名词等特殊标识）；②隐性核心词（表因果、目的、态度的动词 / 名词，如 why,
cause, aim 等）。避免遗漏题干中的否定词（not, except），这类词常成为答题陷阱。
（2）原文定位：精准锁定区间。可以采用 “跳读法” 回归原文，遵循 “顺序原则”（题目顺序
与原文段落顺序基本一致）和“同义转换原则”（题干关键词可能以近义词、词性转换形式出现，如
“lose job” 对应原文 “out of occupation”）。定位后用序号标注题目对应句，避免重复阅读。
（3）比对验证：排除干扰选项。将选项与原文定位句逐词比对，重点关注同义表达重合度（重合越
高越可能为答案），同时依据干扰项特征排除错误选项（详见后文 “避坑指南”）。最终答案需满足
“题干要求 + 原文依据” 双重条件，杜绝主观臆断。
答题突破技巧
一、关键词精准定位法（适用于直接信息题）
【操作技巧】
通过题干中的专有名词（如人名、地名、机构名）、数字（年份、日期、数据）、特殊动词（表因
果、转折、对比的动词）等独特关键词，运用 "关键词定位法" 快速锁定原文对应信息区间。具体操作时，
可先在题干划出 3-5 个核心关键词，采用 "跳跃式阅读" 在文中寻找完全匹配或同义替换表述，精准定位后精读上下文 3-5 句，避免因通读全文而浪费考试时间。该策略尤其适用于信息匹配题、事实细节题，
能有效提升答题效率与准确率。
【阅读语段】
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became
interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-
relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that
he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.
So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?
A. He was trained in it at university.
B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient.
D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
【技巧分析】
划关键词：在处理高考英语阅读理解细节理解题时，精准定位题干核心关键词是破题的首要步骤。
以本题为例，题干核心关键词为 “Farber”“try acupuncture on pets”“why”。其中，“Farber” 作为人名、
“acupuncture” 作为专业术语 “针灸”，均属于专有名词范畴，在原文中具有极强的定位性，如同导航
坐标般能快速指引我们锁定相关内容。同时，“try acupuncture on pets” 明确提问行为动机，而 “why”
则直接点明本题为原因类细节题，需着重关注因果逻辑表述。
定位原文：依据划定的关键词，迅速在阅读材料中展开搜索。通过 “Farber” 与 “acupuncture” 这
两个强定位词，我们可以快速找到语段中 “Then he tried acupuncture... he improved... So... began offering
them to pets” 这样包含因果关系的句子。此过程需要考生熟练运用略读技巧，快速扫视文本，忽略无关信
息，精准捕捉关键词所在语句。同时，在定位时要留意关键词的同义替换或相关表述，确保定位准确无
误。
对比验证：定位到原文语句后，进入关键的对比验证环节。仔细分析原文 “he improved after two or
three treatments”，其清晰表明 “Farber” 本人作为患者接受针灸治疗后病情得到改善，这一事实与选项
C 的表述完全匹配，充分印证了选项 C 的正确性。在对比过程中，要逐字逐句比对选项与原文内容，关
注时态、数量词、限定词等细节，避免因细微差异导致误判。对于其余选项，通过再次回查原文，确认
其均缺乏原文依据，属于无中生有或曲解文意，从而可以果断排除，最终锁定正确答案。
二、同义替换匹配法（适用于间接信息题）
【操作技巧】命题人常对原文信息进行同义改写，这种改写方式灵活多样，包括但不限于词性转换、近义词替换、
句式结构调整等。例如，原文中使用名词形式的表述，在选项中可能转换为同根动词；常见形容词也会
被替换为语义相近的高级词汇，以此增加试题区分度。考生需突破文字表象，通过分析句子结构、提炼
核心语义，精准识别选项与原文间的隐性对应关系。这不仅要求具备扎实的词汇功底，更需培养对同义
表达的敏感度，从而在复杂的干扰项中锁定正确答案。
【阅读语段】
Volunteers for the Habitat Restoration Team are required to participate in tree-planting sessions every
weekend. They should also attend monthly workshops on native plant species and assist in documenting the
growth of newly planted trees. Prior experience in gardening is preferred but not mandatory.
What are the volunteers expected to do?
A. Work in the garden daily.
B. Learn about local plants regularly.
C. Have gardening experience.
D. Document tree growth weekly.
【技巧分析】
识别同义特征：在高考英语阅读理解细节理解题中，命题人常通过同义替换来设置正确答案。例如，
当题干出现 “expected to do” 这类表示义务性的表述时，考生需敏锐捕捉原文中 “required to”“should”
等具有相同语义特征的词汇，这些同义表述往往是定位答案的关键线索。在实际答题过程中，可先圈出
题干中的核心关键词，带着这些关键词快速扫读原文，重点关注同义替换的表达方式，从而精准定位到
与题目相关的文本段落。
匹配替换词：在分析选项时，要特别留意词汇之间的同义替换关系。以选项 B “Learn about local
plants regularly” 为例，它与原文 “attend monthly workshops on native plant species” 存在对应关系。其中，
“local plants” 与 “native plant species” 都指本地植物，属于近义词；“regularly” 与 “monthly” 都体
现了时间上的规律性，“monthly” 是 “regularly” 在时间频率上的具体体现。通过这样细致的词汇匹配，
能够准确判断选项与原文信息的一致性。考生在日常练习中，应注重积累常见的同义替换词汇和短语，
建立起自己的词汇同义库，提升答题速度和准确率。
排除干扰项：干扰项的设置通常会在时间、条件、程度等方面与原文信息产生偏差。如 A 项
“daily” 与原文 “every weekend” 在时间频率上相互矛盾，这种明显的时间不符是排除该选项的重要依
据；C 项 “Have gardening experience” 在原文中是 “preferred”（优先考虑），而题目问的是
“required”（必需的），条件性质发生了改变；D 项 “weekly” 与原文 “documenting the growth” 相比，原文并未提及记录生长情况的频率，属于无中生有的干扰信息。在答题时，要逐条对比选项与原文，找
出这些细微的差异，通过排除法缩小正确答案的范围，从而选出最符合原文的选项。
三、数字逻辑梳理法（适用于数字计算题）
【操作技巧】
针对时间、年龄、数量等数字考点，考生应建立 "三查" 解题机制。首先，使用荧光笔或下划线快速
标记原文中的精确数字（如年份、价格、百分比）和模糊数字（如 approximately、nearly）；其次，重点
圈画数字前后的限定词（before/after、increase/decrease、double/triple），明确计算方向；最后，整理关键
信息形成简易计算式（如 A=B+C×2），避免因单位换算（$ vs ¥）、时间跨度（BC/AD）等陷阱失分。
例如，若题目问 "2023 年销售额较 2022 年下降比例"，需同时锁定两个年份的数值及表示下降的关键词
"decline by"，结合公式（2022 年数值 - 2023 年数值）÷2022 年数值 ×100% 得出答案。
【阅读语段】
The Habitat Restoration Team welcomes volunteers aged 16 and above. For participants under 18, a parent’s
written consent is required. The program runs from March 1st to November 30th, with a two-week break in
August. Each volunteer must complete at least 40 hours of service during the program period.
What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. 16 B. 18 C. 14 D. 20
【技巧分析】
锁定数字区间：在解答细节理解题时，若题干出现 “lower age limit”（最低年龄限制）这类明确的
关键词，应立即启动快速定位机制。通过扫读原文，迅速捕捉到 “aged 16 and above” 这一关键信息。
在阅读过程中，建议采用 “关键词高亮法”，用铅笔将题干关键词在原文中标记出来，形成视觉焦点，
确保信息抓取的准确性与高效性。
排除干扰数字：当原文中同时出现 “aged 16 and above” 和 “under 18” 等多个数字信息时，考生需
保持清醒的逻辑判断。其中，“under 18” 后往往伴随 “require parental consent”（需家长同意）等附加
条件说明，这表明 “under 18” 并非核心的年龄限制条件，而是针对特定人群的补充要求。通过对句子
结构和语义逻辑的分析，可快速将包含 “under 18” 的选项（如 B 项）从正确答案中排除，缩小选择范
围。
验证结论：在确认 “16 and above” 为正确答案依据后，还需进行二次验证。可通过 “逆向推理
法”，即将选项 A 的内容代入原文语境，检查是否符合题干要求。由于 “16 and above” 明确界定了最
低年龄为 16 岁，与选项 A 完全匹配，且无需进行复杂的数学计算，只需精准把握数字信息与附加条件
的逻辑关系，即可确保答案的正确性。
四、长难句拆解定位法（适用于复杂细节题）【操作技巧】
长难句常隐藏关键细节，需通过拆解从句、非谓语动词等结构，提炼主干信息。在实际解题过程中，
考生可采用以下三步拆解法：首先，利用标点符号（如逗号、分号）和连接词（that, which, when 等）划
分句子层次；其次，重点关注非谓语动词（doing/done/to do）在句中的功能，判断其是作定语、状语还是
补语；最后，剥离修饰成分，提取主谓宾核心结构。例如，在处理 "Although the newly developed
technology, which was initially designed for medical research, shows great potential in environmental monitoring,
its high cost remains a major obstacle" 这类复合句时，通过标记从句（which was initially designed for
medical research）和让步状语（Although...monitoring），快速锁定主句主干 "its high cost remains a major
obstacle"，精准匹配题目中的细节描述。
【阅读语段】
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and
found that the more parents elaborated on a toy’s features or asked open-ended questions (like “What do you think
this could be used for?”), the more engaged and responsive the children became.
What made children more engaged during activities?
A. Toys with complex features.
B. Parents’ detailed explanations and open questions.
C. Video recordings of their interactions.
D. Everyday activities at home.
【技巧分析】
拆解长难句结构：在处理高考英语阅读理解的细节题时，遇到长难句需迅速剖析其结构。以 “The
researchers analyzed... and found that...” 为例，此句主句采用 “分析并发现” 的逻辑结构，核心信息蕴藏
于 that 引导的宾语从句中。从句运用 “the more..., the more...” 的经典比较级结构，构建起因果关系模
型。前半部分 “parents elaborated on... or asked open-ended questions” 明确阐述了家长行为，这是触发后
续结果的关键因素；后半部分 “children became more engaged” 则呈现出相应的结果，即孩子参与度提
升。通过这样的拆解，句子的逻辑脉络和关键信息得以清晰呈现，为精准答题奠定基础。
定位关键信息：在完成长难句分析后，需将目光聚焦到选项与原文关键信息的匹配上。从句前半部
分提及的 “elaborated on a toy’s features”，其中 “elaborated on” 意为详细阐述，与选项 B 中的
“detailed explanations” 形成精准的同义对应，都强调对玩具特征进行细致说明这一行为；“asked open-
ended questions” 更是与选项内容完全一致，这些对应关系是锁定正确答案的重要依据。在实际答题过程
中，考生应善于运用这种关键词匹配的方法，快速定位到与题目相关的有效信息。
排除次要信息：干扰选项往往会围绕文中的次要信息设置陷阱。A 项 “toys’ features” 仅仅是家长解释的对象，并非导致孩子参与度提升的原因，属于偏离核心逻辑的信息；C 项 “video recordings” 在
原文中只是研究人员用于开展研究的工具，与题目所问的核心细节毫无关联；D 项 “everyday activities”
仅作为研究背景存在，同样不能作为解题的关键依据。通过对这些次要信息的识别和排除，能够有效避
免被干扰项误导，从而提高答题的准确率。
五、是非判断排除法（适用于 True/False 题）
【操作技巧】
逐一比对选项与原文信息，排除 “无中生有”“偷换概念”“与原文相悖” 的干扰项。在实际解
题过程中，可采用以下具体方法：
定位关键词：根据题干中的人名、地名、数字、专有名词等信息，快速锁定原文对应段落与句子，
缩小信息检索范围。
无中生有辨析：选项内容在原文中完全未提及，即便逻辑合理，也属于无效信息，应果断排除。例
如，原文仅阐述了某实验的过程，而选项中出现该实验的结果，此为典型无中生有。
偷换概念识别：关注选项是否对原文关键词进行替换、曲解或扩大缩小范围。如原文描述 “部分青
少年”，选项却改为 “所有青少年”，需警惕此类陷阱。
矛盾内容甄别：将选项与原文逐字比对，若出现时间、地点、人物、事件等关键要素不一致，或观
点态度相反的情况，即可判定为与原文相悖。
【阅读语段】
Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined
not to go against their father’s wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting
and his aim was to become a scientist like his father. “It’s an experimental model,” his father had explained, “so
don’t touch it under any circumstances.” But his warning only served to make Mark more curious.
Which of the following is true about Mark?
A. He wanted to disobey his father on purpose.
B. He was less curious than Jason.
C. He dreamed of being a scientist.
D. He had used the computer before.
【技巧分析】
逐一验证选项：在高考英语阅读理解中，细节理解题常通过对原文信息的巧妙变形来设置干扰选项。
分析本题各选项时，需精准定位原文并对比细节差异。
A 项：原文 “his warning only served to make Mark more curious” 清晰呈现出，马克产生后续行为是
出于好奇心的驱使。而选项中 “故意 disobey（故意违抗）” 所表达的动机与原文截然不同，属于典型的偷换动机陷阱，因此该项不符合原文，应予以排除。
B 项：从原文 “Mark was more adventurous”“more curious” 能够明确得知，马克具有较强的冒险精
神和好奇心。但该选项表述为 “less curious”，与原文所传达的信息完全相悖，直接与原文事实冲突，所
以此选项也需排除。
C 项：经过仔细比对，该项内容与原文 “his aim was to become a scientist like his father” 完全匹配，
在内容和语义上都不存在任何偏差，属于正确且符合原文的选项，故应保留。
D 项：通览原文可以发现，其中并没有任何关于 “had used the computer before” 的相关描述。该选
项凭空创造出这样的信息，属于无中生有的错误类型，同样需要排除。
确定答案：通过对 A、B、D 三项的逐一分析与排除，利用排除法可以清晰地得出，仅剩 C 项与原
文内容相符，因此本题答案为 C 项。
六、顺序定位法（适用于段落连贯型细节题）
【操作技巧】
高考英语阅读理解的细节理解题具有明显的顺序性特征，命题人通常会按照原文的行文顺序设置题
目。这一规律为考生提供了高效定位答案的捷径 —— 只需依据题干序号，结合段落顺序锁定相应的文
本区间，即可快速缩小搜索范围。例如，若第 1 题答案出自文章前两段，那么第 2 题答案大概率在第
三、四段。通过这种方法，考生能够避免盲目通读全文，节省宝贵的考试时间，同时精准定位关键信息
显著提升答题效率与正确率。
【阅读语段】
① Urban beekeeping has become increasingly popular in recent years. Many cities now allow beehives on
rooftops, and some even offer training programs for new beekeepers. ② The main reason for this trend is growing
concern about honeybee populations, which have declined sharply over the past decade. ③ Experts say urban
areas provide a diverse range of flowering plants, making them ideal habitats for bees. ④ In addition, urban
beekeeping helps raise public awareness about environmental protection.
Why has urban beekeeping become popular? (Para. 2)
What do experts think of urban areas for bees? (Para. 3)
【技巧分析】
利用顺序原则，精准定位答案：高考英语阅读理解的细节理解题通常遵循题文同序原则，即题目出
现的顺序与文本信息的先后顺序基本一致。以第 31 题为例，题干提问 “why popular”，并标注对应原
文第②段（Para. 2）。考生可快速锁定该段落，通过扫读定位到 “main reason for this trend” 这一关键表
述，由此得出答案为 “concern about honeybee populations decline”。在此过程中，建议使用荧光笔标记题
干关键词，如 “popular” “main reason”，并在原文中圈出同义替换词（如 “trend” 指代前文现象），确保答案选择有据可依。
巧用顺序规律，高效推进答题：完成上一题后，第 32 题可顺延定位至第③段（Para. 3）。基于题文
同序原则，考生无需逐句精读，而是通过快速浏览段落首句、转折句（如 “however” “but” 引导的句
子）和数据信息，定位到 “Experts say urban areas provide... ideal habitats for bees”。此句直接回应题目设
问，通过对比选项关键词（如 “urban areas” “ideal habitats”），可快速锁定正确答案。这种方法能大幅
缩短答题时间，尤其适合段落密集、信息量大的文本。
题文同序策略的核心优势：采用题文同序定位法，可显著提升答题效率与准确率。一方面，考生无需反
复回溯前文，避免因重复阅读消耗时间；另一方面，当遇到多道连续考查细节的题目时，该策略能帮助
考生建立清晰的答题逻辑，减少因信息混淆导致的失误。例如，若文本中有 3 - 4 道细节题连续出现，严
格按照顺序定位，可将单题平均答题时间缩短至 1 - 1.5 分钟，为后续复杂题型（如主旨题、推理题）预
留充足时间。
突破演练
1
My husband, children and I were in Hawaii. Here, we were introduced to the ancient Hawaiian concept of
mālama (to care for) which encourages visitors to give back to the environment and local communities through
activities like habitat restoration, beach cleanups or food provision. But mālama goes beyond eco-tourism — it’s
about leaving a place better than you found it.
And after seeking out these experiences during a three-week stay, we found mālama not only improves
Hawaii, but it also made our time there much more meaningful.
Mālama volunteer experiences are found across the islands. For example, on Maui, you can help restore
native forests and volunteer at a nursery; while on O’ahu, visitors can clear invasive algae from Maunalua Bay. In
some cases, travelers booking with partnering hotels and participating in designated activities will qualify for a
discounted — or even free — night at dozens of hotels and resorts.
“Mālama today is more vital than ever,” our guide Rogers said. “Too many tourists walk carelessly on our
land, ignoring restrictions and damaging sensitive ecosystems... don’t just think Hawaii is beautiful; help keep it
that way. It’s a shared responsibility.” As Rogers explained, mālama isn’t just about seeing or appreciating a
landscape; it invites visitors to connect and contribute to it, with the idea that caring for a place fosters a stronger
relationship with it.After eight days, we ventured to Molokai, Hawaii’s least developed island. No resorts or chain stores
spoiled its wild beauty — just dramatic cliffs meeting rough seas. Deep in the eastern wilderness, we met Greg
Solatario, whose family has taken care of this land for generations. His simple off-grid life perfectly embodied
mālama. Greg welcomed us warmly before leading us through jungle-covered ruins of ancestral villages. As we
approached, his son Devak blew a conch shell — a traditional request to enter. “The land remembers,” Greg
explained, showing us medicinal plants and ancient fishing spots. His parting words stayed with me: “Mālama
shouldn’t be just Hawaiian — the whole world needs this way of caring.”
1．How does the author present the topic in the first paragraph?
A．By quoting an expert. B．By giving examples.
C．By explaining a concept. D．By providing statistics.
2．What can Mālama volunteers experience in Hawaii?
A．Developing Maunalua Bay. B．Reviving local forests.
C．Asking for hotel discounts. D．Organizing big activities.
3．What do we know about Greg Solatario’s family?
A．They built new resorts in the wild. B．They have long protected the land.
C．They offered guided tours to locals. D．They fixed up the old village ruins.
4．Which of the following best describes the author’s trip in Hawaii?
A．The wise improve what they enjoy.
B．Where there is a will, there is a way.
C．God helps those who help themselves.
D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
2
It can take an entire village to grow a new-age garden. That’s what 42-year-old Shyju Machathi, a
policeman living in Kannapuram in the Southern Indian state of Kerala, found out when his town was declared an
“Indigenous Mango Heritage Area” by the Kerala State Biodiversity Board in 2020.
The honour came after the villagers had got together to grow over 200 native species of mangoes, sourced
from surrounding towns and villages, preserving diverse varieties that were in danger of dying out.
The technique that made it possible, Machathi says, is the age-old art of grafting ( 嫁接). He started
experimenting with the technique in July, 2016, despite no formal training in farming, after an unfortunate
incident shook the town of Kannapuram.
A neighbour had cut down a 200-year-old mango tree known locally as Vellathan, which grew in his home.“The tree produced the sweetest mangoes I’ve ever tasted,” says Machathi. “It was beautiful, a native variety that
was very rare.” But it was also undeniably old. Parts of the large tree would come crashing to the ground, making
it so perilous that the neighbour decided that it needed to be cut down for his peace of mind.
Staring at the wasted branches the next morning, Machathi felt a deep sense of loss. “The tree was so much
a part of our growing years and the landscape of our lives that we were all just shocked over losing it overnight,”
says Machathi. Then he reached out to a friend who was working as an agricultural officer. There was a way to
save the tree, his friend said. If they could graft parts of the tree onto a growing mango plant with a strong root,
they could regenerate the old tree and one day, taste its exquisite fruit again.
“We then grafted 50 parts of that old tree onto strong rootstock (根茎) and managed to prevent it from
dying out entirely,” says Machathi. “All of those trees are still alive — it felt like we’d saved rare treasure.”
1．What made the town of Kannapuram honoured in 2020?
A．Owning more gardens than other towns. B．Stopping a rare mango tree from dying.
C．Developing a new grafting technique. D．Preserving native mango species.
2．What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Valueless. B．Risky. C．Thick. D．Disease.
3．What did the old mango tree mean to Machathi?
A．It brought him inner peace. B．It witnessed his childhood.
C．It made his home beautiful. D．It saved him from starving.
4．Which words can best describe Machathi?
A．Friendly and courageous. B．Helpful and experienced.
C．Resourceful and determined. D．Proud and independent.
3
Kristina Smithe was running the California International Marathon in 2019, drinking cups of water at an aid
station, when she started to think about how much waste such events produce. On the flight home, she did the
math: 9,000 runners, 17 aid stations and something like 150,000 cups used once and thrown away.
That gave her an idea for something more sustainable-a lightweight silicone (硅胶) cup that could be used
again and again. After working out a design, Smith e ordered some cups and tested them at a race in 2021. Now
her business, Hiccup Earth, has 70,000 cups that can be rented out to interested races to replace the typical white
paper cups.
Billions of disposable (一次性的) cups are used around the world each year. These cups are often made of
plastic, but even if they are made of paper, they typically have a plastic lining that makes it difficult for them tobiodegrade (生物降解). Making these cups, and disposing or burning them, also generates planet-warming
greenhouse gas emissions. “It’s something that generates a lot of waste, and the waste — depending on what
exactly it’s made of — can really last in landfills for hundreds of years,” said Sarah Gleeson, an expert at climate
nonprofit Project Drawdown.
Now, Smithe rents out thousands of reusable cups, driving them to events in big boxes and leaving
recycling bins with the company logo for collection after use. By the start of May this year, Smithe estimated
she’s taken her cups to 137 races and spared more than 900,000 disposable ones from the landfills.
Gleeson sees the reusable cups as an effective way that innovators are looking to cut down on waste. Such
solutions often have to be rooted in convenience and grounded in local or small applications to get more people to
adopt them. Some cities, for instance, are experimenting with reusable food takeout containers that customers
return to nearby recycling bins later on. High adoption of sustainable solutions really maximizes environmental
benefits.
1．What inspired Smithe’s business idea?
A．The popularity of lightweight cups. B．The disposable cups in the Marathon.
C．Runners’ demands for quality cups. D．Insufficient cup supply at aid stations.
2．Why does the author mention Sarah Gleeson’s words in paragraph 3?
A．To illustrate the growing global warming. B．To highlight the value of waste sorting.
C．To show the determining factor of pollution. D．To stress the necessity of reducing plastic waste.
3．What is Hiccup Earth’s primary service?
A．Selling reusable cups directly to runners.B．Donating silicone cups to race organizers.
C．Renting recyclable cups to sports events.D．Offering eco-friendly materials to cup producers.
4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A．To call on more sustainable practice. B．To analyze potential challenges.
C．To compare waste reduction measures. D．To introduce another innovation.
4
In an ambitious move that could change how important goods are transported around the world, a private
company named Inversion has introduced its “Arc” spacecraft. The goal of this reusable, self-flying vehicle is to
store supplies in orbit and then achieve something never done before: deliver urgent materials from space to any
location on Earth in under an hour. This new ability could completely change the speed of global logistics (快速物
流系统), offering a powerful new tool for the U. S. military and its partners to respond to emergencies with
unmatched efficiency.The Arc spacecraft is relatively small, measuring 8 feet long and 4 feet wide. However, its design is highly
advanced. It is built to be very stable and easy to control, especially when flying back through the atmosphere at
incredible speeds. This allows it to travel long distances and land with great accuracy using a special parachute
system. The leader of the company imagines a future where a large network of these spacecraft provides a fast and
reliable delivery service that works anywhere on the planet.
The company is making steady progress toward this goal. Before building Arc, they first tested a smaller
model in space to prove that the main ideas would work. Learning from that experience, the team is now working
hard to get the actual Arc vehicle ready for its first space mission, which is planned for 2026. They have already
built a full-sized model, done many practice landing tests, and are working with NASA to create a strong new heat
shield to protect the spacecraft from the extreme heat of re-entering the atmosphere.
Inversion is part of a larger trend. Other companies are also entering this new field. For example, some are
creating capsules that can act as mini-factories in space to produce special medicines, while others are building
reusable containers that can return supplies to Earth in about 90 minutes. This growing competition confirms that
using space for fast logistics is becoming a real possibility, suggesting that a new era of super-fast delivery from
orbit may be closer than we think.
1．What is the goal of the Arc spacecraft?
A．To transport passengers into Earth’s orbit.
B．To complete its first mission successfully by 2025.
C．To achieve extremely fast goods delivery from space.
D．To become the only spacecraft returning from orbit.
2．How is the Arc spacecraft designed to achieve accurate landings?
A．By flying at slow speeds.
B．By using a special parachute system.
C．By landing only at prepared spaceports.
D．By being controlled by pilots on the ground.
3．What is implied about the industry from the last paragraph?
A．The Arc spacecraft has no unique advantages.
B．Most companies have given up on similar projects.
C．Inversion’s technology is far behind its competitors.
D．The concept of space-based logistics is gaining acceptance.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The intense competition in the field of space logistics.
B．The partnership between a private company and NASA．
C．A technical challenge of designing a reusable spacecraft.
D．A new spacecraft’s potential to change global delivery systems.
5
James Rebanks is a farmer who shepherds (放牧) sheep into grassland and words into books. He has a gift
for showing the charm of his surroundings and the difficulties of his work, and for addressing the complex issues
farmers face today.
His book Pastoral Song, like his first bestseller The Shepherd’s Life, attracts readers with rich descriptions
of England’s Lake District and Cumbrian hills, where his family has farmed for 600 years. However, it goes
beyond just praise for the landscape. Inspired by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, Rebanks’ new book urgently
conveys how the drive for cheap, mass-produced food has impoverished (使贫穷，使贫瘠) both small farmers
and the soil, threatening humanity’s future. Rebanks hopes to help change this dangerous trend, not just by the
environmental measures he has taken on his small family farm, but also through his books.
Rebanks divides Pastoral Song into three sections: “Nostalgia” (怀旧) reflects on the hard but satisfying
patterns of traditional farming in his grandfather’s time. “Progress”— an ironic tone— describes the new push for
efficiency and increased production. Finally, there’s “Utopia”, which offers a more hopeful expectation.
Rebanks describes the efforts he and his wife have taken to restore their land with the help of
environmental organizers and conservation groups. They have reduced or avoided drugs and chemicals, bought
feed and planted thousands of trees to renew the soil and reintroduce endangered plant species. “It isn’t a recipe
for an easy life,” Rebanks admits. Nor for a profitable one; in addition to support from the government, he still
needs a source of income outside the farm, which likely comes from his writing. But he hopes that his four
children and their future generations will be proud of “the generation that was brave enough to face up to our own
mistakes.”
Pastoral Song is a call for “finding a balance” by using the land and animals responsibly and sustainably
and considering long-term influences. Rebanks writes, “We can build a new English country lifestyle. Not a
utopia, but somewhere decent for us all.”
1．What can we infer about Pastoral Song?
A．It criticizes industrial farming. B．It focuses on landscape description.
C．It introduces methods of family farming.D．It predicts future farming technologies.
2．Why is Silent Spring mentioned in paragraph 2?A．To highlight its literary value. B．To explain Rebanks’ inspiration.
C．To show the struggles of farmers. D．To compare it with Pastoral Song.
3．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Writing a book. B．Mass-producing food.
C．Seeking government support. D．Adopting sustainable farming.
4．Which of the following can best describe Rebanks?
A．Courageous and kind. B．Positive and generous.
C．Determined and practical. D．Devoted and flexible.
6
To see the divide between the best artificial intelligence and the mental capabilities of a seven-year-old
child, look no further than the popular video game Minecraft. A child can learn to find a rare diamond in the game
after watching a short YouTube video, while AI still struggles with the same task. However, a unique computing
competition aims to narrow this gap and in the process, reduce the computing power required to train AIs.
Competitors have up to four days and eight million steps to train their AIs to find a diamond. Although this
is much longer than a child would need, it is significantly faster than typical AI training today.
The contest promotes imitation learning, a method that imitates how humans or other AIs perform a task.
This contrasts with reinforcement learning, which relies on trial and error — trying countless random actions to
identify the best approach. While reinforcement (强化) learning has achieved successes like improving Netflix
recommendations and mastering games, it demands enormous computational (计算的)resources and time. For
instance, training AI to drive a car or win at complex games like Go has required simulations (模仿)equal to
hundreds of years of computation — a cost only accessible to deep-pocketed organizations.
Imitation learning offers a more efficient alternative. The MineRL Competition encourages participants to
use this technique to teach AI to play Minecraft. According to William Guss, who leads the event, reinforcement
learning alone would fail under the competition’s rules — an AI might only chop down a tree within the step limit,
which is just one step toward making the tool needed to mine diamonds.
Sponsored by Microsoft, the competition aims to inspire advances in imitation learning that extend beyond
gaming. Improving this approach could help AIs interact more effectively with humans and operate in complex,
uncertain environments. As Oriol Vinyals of Google DeepMind notes, imitation learning is core to intelligence —
it allows rapid learning without starting from scratch.
1．What is one key advantage of imitation learning over reinforcement learning?
A．It is less resource-intensive. B．It relies entirely on random actions.C．It requires more computing power. D．It only works well in simple games.
2．What does the word “deep-pocketed” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．highly-intelligent B．well-funded
C．widely-respected D．newly-discovered
3．What is the broader goal of the MineRL competition beyond success in Minecraft?
A．To develop new video games for Microsoft.
B．To eliminate the use of reinforcement learning.
C．To motivate children to learn programming via games.
D．To help AI interact better with humans and function better.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Outlining Microsoft’s Plans for Future AI
B．Minecraft: A Child’s Game, AI’s nightmare
C．Teaching AI Through Imitation: A Minecraft Challenge
D．Using Reinforcement Learning to Train Smarter AI
7
"Regrets, I've had a few. But then again, too few to mention,” Frank Sinatra chanted in his 1969 hit "My
Way”. The song's idea is attractive: that anyone can just declare what's done is done and move on. Some take the
declaration a step further and claim they have no regrets at all. Whether a boast or an actual attitude, "no regrets”
suggests that life can and should be lived without looking through the rear-view mirror.
Easier said than done, though.Author Daniel H. Pink launched the World Regret Survey, the largest ever
survey on the topic. With his research team, Pink asked more than 15,000 people in 105 countries, "How often do
you look back on your life and wish you had done things differently?” 82% said regret is at least an occasional
part of their life; roughly 21% said they feel regret "all the time.” Only 1% said they never feel regret.
If you are of the "no regrets” type, you might think that all this regret is a recipe for unhappiness. But that
isn't the case. True, being overwhelmed by regret is indeed bad for you. But going to the other extreme may be
even worse. To rid yourself of regrets doesn't free you from shame or sorrow; it leads you to make the same
mistakes again and again. To truly get over our guilt requires that we put regret in its proper place.
As uncomfortable as it is, regret is an amazing cognitive (认知) achievement. If today your relationship
with your partner has soured, your regret might mentally take you back to last year. You would remember your
being mean and sensitive, and then imagine yourself showing more patience, being kind instead of hurtful at key
moments. Then you would fast-forward to today and see how your relationship could be progressing instead oflanguishing.
But regret doesn't have to be left unmanaged. The trick is to acknowledge it and use it for learning and
improvement. You can be honest with yourself about what went wrong and use that knowledge to enjoy better
relationships in the future.
1．What should we do if we have had a bitter quarrel with a close friend according to Frank Sinatra?
A．Attract more people to your argument. B．Send him/her a letter of apology.
C．Boast about being more reasonable. D．Forget about it and just let it go.
2．Why did the author mention the World Regret Survey?
A．To introduce the work of author Daniel H. Pink.
B．To provide statistical evidence that regret is widespread.
C．To show that the "no regrets” attitude is rare and unrealistic.
D．To compare different people's attitudes towards regret.
3．What does the underlined word "languishing” in paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．Improving. B．Healing. C．Showing up. D．Breaking up.
4．What does the author intend to tell us in this passage?
A．"No regrets” is a realistic and healthy attitude towards life.
B．It is better to feel overwhelming regret than to feel none at all.
C．Regret can be beneficial if people know how to handle it properly.
D．It is impossible and unwise for people to live a life without any regrets.
8
In the digital era, where social media floods with ceaseless sharing, 26-year-old illustrator Lina from
Hangzhou stands as a striking example. She regularly posts artworks and travel snapshots on Instagram but
seldom replies to comments or engages in private conversations. “I love sharing fragments (碎片) of my life, yet
building deep connections with strangers feels emotionally exhausting”, she admits. Lina’s attitude represents a
growing trend among today’s youth: light socializing, a pattern that prioritizes self-expression over intensive
emotional bonds in the virtual world.
Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once a hub (中心) for developing relationships, has changed
into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation. Instead of seeking active interactions, they share
content like scenic photos or daily routines, with little expectation of feedback. Actions such as casually
unfollowing, blocking strangers or using 24-hour disappearing posts show their wish to avoid burdensome
“emotional labor” from shallow virtual ties. This shift comes from their desire to escape overwhelming pressurefrom empty digital interactions.
While critics dismiss light socializing as a sign of “emotional coldness”, it actually reflects a thoughtful
adaptation. Psychologist Lu Chen argues that by embracing this approach, young people regain control over their
online space — sharing freely without the anxiety of meeting others’ expectations. Even social platforms have
evolved to meet this need: many now offer “silent modes”, such as hidden interaction records and one-way
posting features, acknowledging the widespread acceptance of light socializing.
In a world tightly bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-
expression and privacy protection. It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit of healthier, more
autonomous online engagement. This trend shows the younger generation’s maturity in safeguarding their mental
well-being, representing a forward-looking and thoughtful approach to modern social interactions.
1．What does Lina do on social media?
A．She only posts artworks.
B．She shares life but skips deep chats.
C．She never replies to comments.
D．She focuses on building deep online bonds.
2．According to Min Li, what has social media become for young people now?
A．A center for deep relationships.
B．A platform for personal display.
C．A tool to seek frequent interactions.
D．A space to reduce pressure by virtual ties.
3．What can we infer about “light socializing”?
A．It encourages safe online engagement.
B．It makes young people emotionally cold.
C．It relies mainly on platforms’ silent modes.
D．It abandons social bonds to protect mental health.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Keep Silent Mode On
B．Keep the Digital Distance
C．Social Media: “Self-showcase” Platform
D．Emotional Coldness: Online Life’s Secret
9Some might suggest that a doorstopper about “the influence of the horse on human history” couldn’t
possibly be interesting. No. I say no. In fact, Timothy C． Winegard’s The Horse is fantastic, offering a fresh
view on how crucial horses were in human development. And it almost didn’t happen.
Sudden climate changes at the end of the Ice Age drove horses to the edge of extinction. The rest of the
animals once found through much of the world were then largely limited to an area that runs roughly from Eastern
Europe to Central Asia — where they were hunted for food.
The horse might have gone the way of other animals had it not been tamed (驯化) like cattle. When
someone decided to jump on the back of one of the horses, it started “a revolution” that changed the world. Riding
horses helped farmers raise more sheep and goats, and hunters cover more ground. When horses replaced oxen,
their quicker speed allowed more land to be handled, increased yields and changed farmers to exporters.
Naturally, horses became instruments of war. The earliest known true cavalry (骑兵) formation belonged to
the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta II. In relatively short order, cavalry units made the difference in battle. Those
nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them. In many ways, these conflicts created the
world we have today. Alexander extended the boundaries of his kingdom — and Greek culture — through Persia,
India and beyond because of the success of his cavalry. Besides, horses were the deciding factor in the Battle of
Hastings, where William, the Duke of Normandy — who had cavalry units — soundly defeated the Anglo-Saxon
King Harold Godwinson, creating the modern British state.
The Horse is extensively researched. It is interesting, charming and entertaining. But I know: I can lead you
to a bookstore, but I can’t make you read.
1．When did horses start to make the world different?
A．After people domesticated them for riding. B．After Asians raised them as a food source.
C．After they were exported all over the world. D．After the climate changed during the Ice Age.
2．What is the advantage of horses?
A．Power. B．Bravery. C．Efficiency. D．Intelligence.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The training of cavalry for battles. B．The contributions of horses in wars.
C．The fantastic achievements of kings. D．The expansion of powerful kingdoms.
4．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To astonish the curious readers. B．To summarize the recent history.
C．To criticize an improper viewpoint. D．To recommend an awesome book.
10A longtime University of Iowa professor’s life-changing cystic fibrosis (囊性纤维化) research was honored
with one of biomedicine’s most famous awards — often referred to as the “American Nobel.” Dr. Michael J.
Welsh, along with two other scientists, won the 2025 Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for their
work on treatments that have lengthened and bettered the lives of patients with cystic fibrosis. A genetic disorder
that causes thick mucus (黏液) to block organ functions, cystic fibrosis most often affects the lungs where
infections lead to progressive destruction.
When Welsh started his medical career nearly 50 years ago, cystic fibrosis was a serious disease, with
patients rarely seeing their 30th birthday. Facing numerous failures, he never gave up, believing that answers
would be found. Using Welsh’s results, the two other honored scientists worked for decades to develop Trikafta, a
drug that made cystic cystic fibrosis possible to control for about 90% of those diagnosed. Today, cystic fibrosis
patients’ life expectancy can be well into the 80s.
Specifically, Welsh’s research changed the fundamental understanding of a critical protein, known as
CFTR, and how it is transformed by a gene mutation (突变) in cystic fibrosis patients, resulting in a breakdown of
the body’s usual protective systems. With that knowledge, Welsh’s team proved that if cooled down, the mutated
CFTR protein could be “corrected” in a sense, a key discovery that allowed scientists to explore the possibility of
a more permanent fix to the protein’s damage.
“Mike Welsh’s work illustrates how fundamental science—driven by curiosity, cooperation, and purpose—
can lead to transformative innovations and treatments,” Dr. Denise Jamieson, the university’s vice president, says
in a news release.
While Welsh said that he is “incredibly honored to receive this award,” he points to the cooperative science
and the many unnamed researchers who made the groundbreaking work possible. “For me, it is truly a celebration
of our entire scientific enterprise,” Welsh said in the release. By sharing credit with all contributors, he showed his
dedication to the scientific cause.
1．Why is “American Nobel” mentioned in paragraph 1?
A．To show why this award is highly respected.
B．To stress the challenges of fibrosis treatment.
C．To prove the research deserves the Nobel Prize.
D．To explain why the research gained world fame.
2．What is the primary significance of Dr. Welsh’s research?
A．Discovering the genetic cause of cystic fibrosis.B．Developing the final drug combination for patients.
C．Transforming a deadly disease into a manageable one.
D．Serving as a new diagnosis basis for cystic fibrosis.
3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The main difficulties in protein research.
B．The process of developing a new fibrosis treatment.
C．A full explanation of how gene changes affect health.
D．A breakthrough discovery about fixing a faulty protein.
4．Which of the following can best describe Dr. Welsh?
A．Determined and humble. B．Strict and responsible.
C．Independent and creative. D．Courageous and confident.
11
Exciting news is on the horizon as California power authorities have successfully completed their
groundbreaking solar panel-covered canal project, which promises to generate a remarkable 1.6 megawatts (兆瓦)
of clean energy. This innovative initiative, led by the Turlock Irrigation District Water & Power, plays a vital
role in irrigating (灌溉) essential crops like cotton and tomatoes in the heart of California’s central valley.
The inspiration for this project came from a 2021 research paper by scientists at the University of
California, Santa Cruz, who discovered that covering canals with solar panels could save an astonishing 63.5
billion gallons of water from evaporation (蒸发) each year. This brilliant idea not only conserves water but also
offers an incredible benefit: for every megawatt of solar energy produced during Turlock’s average 290 sunny
days, the panels could replace 15-20 diesel (柴油) generators that traditionally pump water along these canals.
Known as Project Nexus, this initiative took flight in October 2022. It stands out in the world and the
second of its kind in the US. The project will be closely monitored to see how its performance matches the
promising projections.
The concept of placing solar panels over canals isn’t new; it first emerged in 2014 in Gujarat, India, where
a pilot project successfully covered a stretch of canal and paved the way for an entire canal-topped solar plant.
Researchers in India found that the water beneath the panels helped maintain ideal temperatures, leading to a 2-
5% improvement in efficiency.
In addition to conserving water and minimizing land use for solar farms, the panels’ unique placement helps
extend their lifespan by keeping them cooler. This innovative approach also limits the growth of harmful plants
along the canals, reducing the need for manual or chemical clearing.With about 4,000 miles of canals across California, the potential for taking advantage of solar energy is
tremendous, with estimates suggesting they could generate up to 13 gigawatts of power. This would be enough to
supply energy to around 750,000 homes, effectively lighting up nearly half of Los Angeles.
1．What can we know about the solar-covered canal project from Santa Cruz’s research?
A．It is energy-saving and eco-friendly.
B．Its economic benefit is limited in real use.
C．It has changed previous irrigation methods.
D．It is designed to solve the water shortage problem.
2．How did the Indian project influence California’s Project Nexus?
A．By supplying critical equipment. B．By demonstrating possibility.
C．By providing the technical designs. D．By offering precise data on temperatures.
3．What does the underlined word “tremendous” in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A．控制的。 B．暂时的。 C．重大的。 D．定义的。
4．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．How Canals Can Help Save Energy B．California’s Fight for Water Supply
C．Solar panels: A New Use for Canals D．Project Nexus: A Solar Success Case
12
Architect Liu Jiakun was awarded the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize on Tuesday, making him the second
winner from China to earn the highest honor in the field of architecture after Wang Shu in 2012.
Living in Chengdu, the capital of southwestern China’s Sichuan province, Liu’s career spans four decades
and over 30 projects. He established Jiakun architects in 1999 and is devoted to creating an expansive collection
of works ranging from small, beautiful museums and monuments and vast commercial buildings to master plans
for cities. “The purpose of architecture is to create a beautiful, just and dignified living environment. People’s real
lives, happiness and dignity are what we strive for,” says Liu.
The prize’s jury statement says that “intertwining (交织) seemingly opposing things such as idealism versus
everyday existence, history versus modernity, and collectivism versus individuality, Liu offers affirming
architecture that celebrates the lives of ordinary citizens”.
Wang, the 2012 Pritzker recipient, tells China Daily that Liu’s winning is encouraging: “His works are
very local, yet modern, directly addressing the challenges facing the transformation of contemporary Chinese
cities.” Wang says both he and Liu pursue contemporary architecture rooted in tradition. Many architects around
the world attempt to do the same, yet their style has never become mainstream. “I believe Liu’s winning holdsgreat significance and will resonate with those architects,” he adds.
Liu’s focus on ordinary people is reflected in his largest project West Village, a five-story urban complex
completed in 2015 in Chengdu. The complex includes a football field, paths for cyclists and pedestrians, and a
market. The block has become a popular public space and a destination for the city’s residents to spend leisure
time.
Hearing the news that Liu won the Pritzker Prize, many netizens who have visited the West Village and the
museums he designed expressed that his architecture reflects a precious sense of relaxation, much like the vibrant
city of Chengdu itself, which is known for its giant pandas, hotpot and leisurely pace.
1．What do we know about Liu Jiakun?
A．He is the first Chinese winner of the Pritzker Prize.
B．His career spans 40 years with over 30 projects.
C．He founded Jiakun architects in 2012 in Chengdu.
D．His works only include museums and monuments.
2．What is a feature of Liu Jiakun’s architectural works?
A．Pursuit of tradition-based modernity.
B．Concentration on outline.
C．Integration with surroundings.
D．Combination with foreign styles.
3．The example of West Village is used to illustrate that ________.
A．Liu Jiakun pays attention to the needs of ordinary people
B．Liu Jiakun’s projects are all large-scale urban complexes
C．public spaces in Chengdu are not popular among residents
D．football fields are unnecessary in urban complex design
4．Which of the following words can best describe Liu Jiakun?
A．Energetic and optimistic.
B．Outgoing and responsible.
C．Courageous and generous.
D．Committed and creative.
