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2026 高考英语·二轮复习专题突破
专题13：短文改错之名词、冠词错误
核
【核心知识·深度解读】
名词和冠词是短文改错的基础考点，近年命题更注重在具体语境中考查名
词的数、所有格、抽象名词具体化以及冠词的泛指、特指、固定搭配。本专
题包含 15 道单句改错、10 道语境改错及 3 篇短文改错篇章，话题覆盖科技创
新、传统文化、生态文明等，全面强化名词与冠词的正确使用。
📖 核心知识·名词与冠词高频错误类型
考点 典型错误 正确形式 2026热考示例
类别
名词 many book / a advice books / a 不可数名词无复数，
单复 piece of 可数名词复数形式误
数 advice 用
名词 childrens' books children's 不规则复数所有格
所有
格
抽象 a great success (成功 a success 抽象名词前加a表示
名词 的事) “一个……的
具体 人/事”
化
冠词 in morning in the morning 固定搭配中冠词缺失
遗漏
冠词 a university (√) an hour 不定冠词a/an混
误用 淆，或定冠词the与考点 典型错误 正确形式 2026热考示例
类别
/ a hour (×) 不定冠词混用
冠词 the nature is Nature is 抽象名词、学科名词
冗余 beautiful beautiful 前不用冠词
二轮策略： 名词重点关注可数与不可数、复数变化规则、所有格；冠词重
点关注固定搭配（in the distance, as a result）、抽象名词具体化及零
冠词用法。每日精读短文，标注所有名词和冠词，强化语感。
词汇练习题 · 单句名词/冠词改错（每题一处错误）
Instructions: 下列每句中有一处名词或冠词错误，请找出并改正。(每
题 1 分，共 15 分)
1. The professor gave us many useful advices on how to improve
our writing skills.
2. It is known to all that honesty is the most important quality
of a person.
3. There are three woman scientists in the research team.
4. The company has made a great progress in the field of
renewable energy.5. I need to buy a few furnitures for my new apartment.
6. The childrens' excitement was beyond description when they
saw the snow.
7. He is such honest boy that everyone trusts him.
8. She went to United States to pursue her graduate studies.
9. The internet has changed the way we communicate, making world
a smaller place.
10. I’m going to have a dinner with my family tonight.
11. The book provides a deep insight into Chinese culture and
history.
12. My father always takes active part in community activities.
13. What wonderful time we had at the party last night!
14. The team succeeded in developing new type of battery for
electric cars.
15. She dreamed of becoming a astronaut when she was a child.
词句题型 · 语境名词/冠词改错（每句一处错误）
Instructions: 下列句子中各有一处名词或冠词错误，请找出并改正。
(每空 1.5 分，共 15 分)
1. The equipment in the laboratory are all imported from
Germany.
2. She gave me a very useful piece of informations about the
scholarship.3. There is an university in the city that specializes in
technology.
4. The scenery of the countryside is far more beautiful than
city.
5. My cousin is studying law and hopes to become a lawyer in
future.
6. The teacher asked us to write a 2000-words essay on
environmental protection.
7. Both of his parents are working in the hospital as a nurse.
8. I felt a great sense of achievement when I completed the
project by my own.
9. The government has taken measures to protect wild animal from
extinction.
10. She is an European student who came to China to study
traditional medicine.
阅读题型 · 短文改错（三篇原创 · 名词/冠词专练）
要求： 每篇短文中共有 10 处错误（其中至少 5 处为名词或冠词错误），
每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
Passage 1 · 智能手表守护老人健康
Last month, my grandfather received a smart watch as birthday
gift from my parents. This device can monitor his heart rate and
blood pressure in real time. It also has a fall detection functionthat automatically sends alert to family member. My grandfather
used to worry about his health, but now he feel much safer. The
watch even remind him to take medicine on time. I think this is a
great example of how technology can improve quality of life for
elderly. However, some of his friends still prefer traditional way
of living. They say that they don't need such modern gadget. But I
believe that as technology advances, more senior citizen will
benefit from these innovations.
Passage 2 · 敦煌壁画数字保护
Dunhuang is home to one of world's most important cultural
heritage sites: the Mogao Caves. The caves contain thousands of
murals and sculptures that date back to more than thousand year. In
recent years, a team of researchers have been working on digital
preservation project. They use high-resolution scanners to capture
every detail of the art. These digital copies allow people from all
over world to appreciate the beauty of Dunhuang without damaging
the original. The project is a great success and has received
widespread praise from international expert. It proves that
technology can play a key role in protecting cultural heritage. I
hope more such project will be carried out in future.
Passage 3 · 校园减塑行动Our school launched a plastic-reduction campaign last month. The
aim is to encourage student to use reusable water bottle and bags.
As result, the amount of plastic waste in our campus has decreased
significant. The canteen now uses paper straws instead of plastic
ones. Many teacher have also joined the effort by bringing their
own cups. I think this is a positive step toward greener
environment. However, some of my classmates still forget to bring
their reusable bag. To solve this problem, we set up a small
station near school gate where students can borrow eco-friendly
bags. The response from students have been very encouraging. I
believe that with everyone’s effort, we can make a difference.
参考答案与核心解析
✅ 词汇练习题（15 题）答案
1. advices → advice (不可数名词)
2. 无错 (honesty 抽象名词，不加冠词)
3. woman → women (可数名词复数形式)
4. 删除 a (progress 不可数)
5. furnitures → furniture (不可数)
6. childrens' → children's (不规则复数所有格)
7. such honest → such an honest (honest 元音音素开头)8. to United States → to the United States (国家全称加定冠词)
9. making world → making the world (独一无二事物前加 the)
10. 删除 a (have dinner 固定搭配，三餐前不加冠词)
11. 无错
12. takes active part → takes an active part (固定搭配)
13. What wonderful time → What a wonderful time (time 此处表示“一
段时间”，可数)
14. new type of → a new type of (泛指一种新类型)
15. a astronaut → an astronaut (元音音素开头)
✅ 词句题型（10 题）答案
1. are → is (equipment 不可数，谓语用单数)
2. informations → information (不可数)
3. an → a (university 以辅音音素开头)
4. than city → than that of the city (比较对象一致，或加 the city)
5. in future → in the future (in future 意为“今后”，in the
future 意为“在未来”，此处用后者)
6. 2000-words → 2000-word (复合形容词中名词用单数)
7. a nurse → nurses (主语 Both 复数，对应复数名词)
8. by my own → on my own (固定短语 on one’s own)
9. wild animal → wild animals (泛指复数)
10. an European → a European (European 以辅音音素开头)
✅ 阅读题型（三篇短文改错）答案Passage 1 答案：
1. as birthday gift → as a birthday gift (可数名词单数前加冠词)
2. alert → alerts (可数名词复数)
3. family member → family members (复数概念)
4. feel → feels (主语 he 三单)
5. remind → reminds (主语 the watch 三单)
6. quality of life → the quality of life (特指，加 the)
7. for elderly → for the elderly (the+形容词表示一类人)
8. way of living → way of living (无错，若需调整，可改为 ways)
9. such modern gadget → such a modern gadget (such + a/an + adj +
n)
10. senior citizen → senior citizens (复数泛指)
Passage 2 答案：
1. one of world's → one of the world's (最高级前加 the)
2. thousand year → a thousand years (泛指数量，加 a，year 用复数)
3. a team of researchers have → has (a team of 谓语用单数)
4. on digital preservation project → on a digital preservation
project (泛指一个项目)
5. all over world → all over the world (固定搭配)
6. without damaging the original → without damaging the originals
(指原作的复数)
7. 无错8. from international expert → from international experts (复数)
9. in protecting cultural heritage → in protecting cultural
heritage (无错)
10. in future → in the future (加冠词)
Passage 3 答案：
1. student → students (泛指复数)
2. water bottle → water bottles (复数)
3. As result → As a result (固定短语)
4. significant → significantly (副词修饰动词)
5. Many teacher → Many teachers (复数)
6. greener environment → a greener environment (泛指一个更绿色的环
境)
7. reusable bag → reusable bags (复数)
8. near school gate → near the school gate (特指校门)
9. from students have → from students has (主语 response 单数)
10. 无错
