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专题01 高频语法之名词、代词、冠词、介词与语法填空（原卷版）
一、名词、代词、冠词
1. 思维导图
2. 高考真题再现
一、2022年高考真题
1.（2022新高考I卷）Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first
national parks in the country.
2.（2022全国甲卷）
____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
3. （2022年浙江 1月真题）
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about
three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.
4. （2022新高考二卷）
___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
5. （2022.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant
pandas, and _ eventually (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
答案：.populations
6. （2022全国乙卷）
“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the __ largest _ (large) tea-producing
country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the
tea industry.
7. （2022全国乙卷）
,
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony opening _____ _____
(it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
二、2021年高考真题
1. （2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 10 must to visit!
2. （2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.3. （2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9 (watchtower) to take
pictures...
4. （2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）.
9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim to have a low
impact on the natural environment.
5. （2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It
sure does in 9 (I).
6. （2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19
and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
7. （2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It took us about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi'an City Wall.
8. （2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now
being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
9. （2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
10.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
In 1844 they bought it for＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3 (marry)
ceremony in 1842.11..（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Ecotourism has 3 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
12.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in
terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits
the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
13.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect
order."
三、2020年高考真题
1. （2020·新课标I卷语法填空）
The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形
山), more so 65 the familiar near side.
2. （2020·新课标I卷语法填空）
Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide
whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
3. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）
Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
4. （2020·山东卷语法填空）
As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42 ． (they) living
at a different time in history or 43 （ walking ） (walk)through a rainforest.
四、2019年高考真题
1. 【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one isincreasing, and nine lack enough data.
2. 【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】
Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.
3. .（2019·北京卷·语法填空）
Nervously __facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___3___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
五．2018年高考真题
1. 【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10
minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
2. 【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】
Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7
percent.
3. 【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】
Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes
her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.
4. 【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空
】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
5. 【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially
troublesome.
6. 【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】
F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in
64 (weigh) problems.六、2017年高考真题
1. 【2017·新课标卷I·语法填空】
As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
2. 【2017·新课标卷II ·语法填空】
It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 6 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they
travelled to and from work.
3. 【2017·新课标卷II ·语法填空】
This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 6 4 top.
3. 模拟检测
1.（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
Handwriting is____5____important skill that goes beyond communication.
2.（2022·云南·一模）
It has long been a dream for the Lao people to see their country change from a land-locked country ___15___ a
“land-linked one”, and the opening of the new railway is a big step toward turning their dream into reality.
3.（2022·河南·模拟预测）
Water mist was sprayed ___45___ the air ,which was then crystallized (结晶) the snow with the freezing air
temperature.
4.（2022·云南·一模）
The opening of the China-Laos Railway will thus help speed the development of the China-Laos Economic Corridor,
and will further advance the building of a China-Laos community with ____20____ shared future.
5.（2022·河南·三模）
These Games are not ____39____ end of the story. With their performance and their appearance, each of theseathletes can win over a huge new fan community for the time after the Games.
6.（2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测）
And without courage, we’ll never step into ____44____ unknown.
7.（2022·重庆·一模）
They also set up the traffic signals and ___55___ series of traffic monitoring equipment.
8.（2021•漳州一中新高考模拟•语法填空•T10）
The asteroid (小行星) 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR ) is named ___10___ him.
2
9.【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】
On canvas (画布),its effect is close ______ the art of Chinese calligraphy.
10.【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】
The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease ______
their bodies with their meals.
11.【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】
While it’s wonderful for people who want to see what these museums offer and teach them, it’s not always the best for
the museums facing increasing hardships in terms ______ funding.
4. 考试技巧
【名词的关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略:
1. 根据语境标志词判断名词
(1)看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时, 要想到名词;
(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;
(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。
2. 根据规则确定名词单复数(1)如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
(3)在平时学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则, 方能解决好此类问题。
3. 熟记常见名词后缀:-age表示“状态;场所;费用”;-ory表示“工作场所;住处”;-ology表示“……学;……
论”;-ure表示“状态”;-cy表示“性质;状态”;-ery表示“境遇;状况;性质;行为”;-ism表示“主义”;-ty表示
“性质;状态;程度”。
【冠词和代词的关键技法点拨】
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略
在语法填空中冠词和介词(短语)必考, 不给出提示词。代词考查相对较少, 而且有时会给出提示词或者可
能填其他词。
1. 根据泛指或特指选择冠词
如果空格后的名词或“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定
词时很可能填冠词。
2. 根据固定句式或固定搭配选择冠词
英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或短语, 记住这些句式和短语也有利于解决此类问题。
3. 熟记常用的不定代词, 如one, all, both, either, neither, each, many, much, little, few, other, another,
something, nothing等。
4. 人称、物主、反身代词: “成分”是关键
(1)如果句中缺少主语, 则用人称代词的主格;
(2)如果句中缺少宾语或表语, 则用人称代词的宾格;
(3)如果句中缺少定语, 则用形容词性物主代词;
(4)如果宾语或表语又反射到句子主语, 则用反身代词。
5. 知识点拓展
1. 名词
考点1.可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化:一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
规则 例词一般在词尾加-s map—maps,sea—seas,girl—girls,day—days
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es class—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes
以-f或 leaf—leaves,thief—thieves,knife—knives,half—halves,loaf—loaves,wife—
变-f和-fe为v再加-es
wives,shelf—shelves
-fe结
尾
加-s belief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,proof—proofs,roof—roofs
的词
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i
party—parties,family—families,story—stories,city—cities
加-es
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有
toy—toys,boy—boys,day—days,ray—rays,Henry—Henrys
名词以y结尾的,加-s
一般加-es hero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes
以辅
音字 不少外来词加-s piano—pianos,photo—photos,kilo—kilos
母加-o
zero—zeros/zeroes
结尾
的名 两者皆可 volcano—volcanos/volcanoes
词
mosquito—mosquitos/mosquitoes
规则 例词
以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio—radios,bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos
以-th结尾的名词加-s truth—truths,mouth—mouths,month—months,path—paths
(2)不规则变化
规则 例词
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse—mice
单复数相同 species,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,li,yuan,jin
只有复数形式 ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents
一些集体名词总是用作复数 people,police,cattle,staff
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也 audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,populatio
可以作复数(成员) n,crew,team,public,enemy,party
customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮
复数形式表示特别含义 料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件,报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头
脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)
加-s Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans
表示
单复数同形 Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
“某国
以-man或-woman结尾的
人” Englishmen,Frenchwomen
改为-men,-women
将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy friends
合成
无主体名词时将最后一部
名词 grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches
分变为复数
将两部分变为复数 women singers,men servants考点2 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词量的表达
不可数名词一般不能直接用不定冠词或数词修饰，而应与特定的单位名词连用来表示量的概念，如：a
cup of tea, four pieces of bread等。
2. 抽象名词的具体化
这类名词如果仅仅表示某种概念，是不可数名词；如果表示具体的人或事，就成了可数名词，前面常加
不定冠词，如：pleasure, help, honor, surprise, success, failure等。有些抽象名词在具体化时，还可以用复数形
式出现，如：no pains, no gains；表示特指时，可与定冠词连用。
3. 学科名词和集体名词的意义
(1)有些学科名词以s结尾，但表示单数意义，如：physics, maths, politics等。
(2)有些集体名词通常只用于表示复数概念，如：police, people, cattle等。
(3)有些集体名词在表示整体时为单数概念，在表示集体中的各个成员时为复数概念，如：class, family,
couple, audience, government, public等。
考点3 名词所有格
1. 表示有生命物体的名词所有格
(1)一般在词尾加’s，如：the boy’s bag, men’s rooms等。
(2)以s结尾的词直接加’，如：the workers’ struggle， the students’ reading room等。
(3)并列名词表示各自所属时，在名词后都加’s，如：John’s and Mary’s rooms(约翰和玛丽各自的房间)；
表示共同所属时，在最后一个名词后加’s，如：John and Mary’s room(约翰和玛丽共同的房间)。
(4)在表示店铺、餐馆、诊所的名称或某人的家时，其所有格后面的名词可省略，如：at the doctor’s在诊
所，at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。
2.of所有格的用法
用于无生命的东西 the legs of the chair,the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时 the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名词化的词 the struggle of the oppressed考点4 名词作定语
1. 名词作定语时一般用单数，表示类别、处所、材料、身份、性别、功能、用途等。例如：stone
figures石像， paper money纸币， book stores书店， evening dress晚礼服。
2. 有些情况下，也可用复数作定语。例如：a goods train货运列车， two men doctors两个男医生， a
clothes shop服装店， a sales manager销售经理。
3. “数字＋连字符＋名词”作定语时，名词一般用单数形式。例如：a five-year plan一个五年计划，a ten-
mile walk一段十英里的路程。
考点5 名词与固定搭配
名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词＋名词”和“介词＋名词”。常见短语如下：
make preparations for, make friends with, give regards to, make both ends meet, fix one’s eyes upon/on, in great
demand，in high spirits，in agreement with，pay attention to，keep pace with，attach importance to，gain/have an
advantage over，make a/no/some difference
2.代词：
考点1 人称代词；物主代词；反身代词
形容词性 名词性物
人称 单复数 主格 宾格 反身代词
物主代词 主代词
单数 I me my mine myself
第一人称
复数 we us our ours ourselves
单数 you you your yours yourself
第二人称
复数 you you your yours yourselves
he him his his himself
单数 she her her hers herself
第三人称 It It Its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
考点2
指示代词 this,that,these,those,such,some
疑问代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever关系代词 that,which,who,whom,whose,as
one/ some/ any,each/ every,none/ no,many/ much,few/ little/ a few/ a
普通不定代词
不定 little,other/ another,all/ both,neither/ either
代词 something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody
复合不定代词
, everyone, no one/none,someone,anyone
相互代词 each other,one another
考点3 常见代词用法比较
1. each, both, all, either, any, neither, none用法辨析
each 两者及以上每一
与not连用
全体都 both 两者全都
表部分否定
all 三者及以上全都
either 两者任一
与not连用
全体中任一
表全部否定
any 三者及以上任一
neither 两者都不
全体都不 表全部否定
none 三者及以上都不
2. one, it, that, those用法辨析
one 泛指同类事物 替代单数可数名词，复数为ones。
it 特指同一事物 替代单数可数名词，也可指代前面整个句子内容。
that 特指同类事物 替代单数可数名词，同the one，或替代不可数名词，后接of。
those 特指同类事物 替代复数可数名词，同the ones，后接定语或接of结构。
3. other, another, others用法辨析
(两者之中)另一个或(三者以上)其余。one... the other表“两者中一个……另一
other
个……”；还用于(数词＋)other＋名词。
another 作形容词，后接单数名词，表“另一，又一”；还用于another＋数词＋复数名词。
others 表泛指，the others指“剩余全部”，常见形式some...(the) others。4. many, much, some, any, little, few用法辨析
many 修饰名词复数，谓语用复数。
许多
much 修饰不可数名词，谓语用单数；作副词修饰比较级。
修饰名词，常用于肯定句中。与复数名词或不可数名词连用，表“一
some
些”；修饰单数名词，表“某一”；作副词，用于数词前，表“大约”。
一些
修饰名词，用于否定句和疑问句中，与不可数名词或复数名词连用；用于
any
肯定句中时，修饰单数名词，表“任一”；作副词修饰比较级。
修饰不可数名词，谓语用单数；作副词修饰比较级；not a little表“非常，
(a)little
很”，而not a bit表示“一点也不”。
少量
(a)few 修饰名词复数，谓语用复数。
考点4 it的用法
It’s quite hot here in summer,isn’t it?
非人称 指代日期、时间、季节、天气、温
It’s early midnight now.We’d better go to bed.
代词 度、距离、重量、环境、情况等
It’s about an hour’s drive from here to Nanchang.
形式 It is difficult to understand why she barks every 真正的主语由不定式、动词-ing形
形式 主语 minute she is outside. 式或从句充当
成分 形式 Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make 真正的宾语由不定式、动词-ing形
宾语 a new life for herself. 式或从句充当
It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball
强调 this morning. 指人时可以用who或that,其他情
句型 It is Mr Bell who/that often comes and looks after 况一律用that
the old man.
3. 冠词
1：考点梳理
1. 定冠词与不定冠词的区别；
2. 不定冠词a，an的区别；
3. 零冠词的使用；
4. 常见搭配中的冠词；
5. 特指与泛指时冠词的使用。2：考点详解
考点1 不定冠词a(n)
1. 用于泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
The village where I was born has grown into a town.
2. 用于第一次提到或出现的名词前，表泛指，不特别指明具体情况。
There is a cup on the desk, but the cup isn’t mine.
3. 用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
I have three books, and I want to buy a fourth one.
4. 用于形容词的比较级前，表示“一个更……的”。
If we sit near the front of the bus, we’ll have a better view.
5. 用于姓名、星期名称前，表示“某个名叫……的人，一个跟某人相仿的人，某人的作品、发明”或
“某个星期几”。
Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. 专家们认为这幅新发现的油画或许是
毕加索的画作。
6. 用于表示价格、速度、比率等的名词前表示“每一”。
He works eight hours a day.
7. 用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。
这类名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容
词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面要加不定冠词。具有此用法的名词有：success, failure, surprise, pleasure,
beauty, pity, danger, comfort, honour等。
surprise惊奇 → a surprise 一件意想不到/令人惊奇的事
failure失败 → a failure 一个失败的人；一件失败的事
success成功 → a success 一个成功的人；一件成功的事
rain雨 → a heavy rain 一场大雨
注意：常考的不可数名词有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空), advice, word(消
息), progress, information, news, equipment, wealth等。这些不可数名词一般不与不定冠词连用。
考点2 定冠词the
1．表示某一类人或物
The horse is a useful animal.2．用于世上独一无二的事物名词前
the universe,the moon,the Pacific Ocean
3．表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事
Would you mind opening the door?
4．用于乐器前面
play the violin,play the guitar
5．用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
the rich,the living,the wounded
6．表示“一家人”或“夫妇”
the Greens,the Wangs
7．用于序数词或形容词、副词比较级、最高级前
He is the taller of the two children.
8．用于国家、党派等以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前
the United States,the Communist Party of China,the West Lake
9．用于表示发明物的单数名词前
The compass was invented in China.
10．在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代
in the 1990s
11．用于表示单位的名词前
I hired the car by the hour.
12．用于方位名词、身体部位名词以及表示时间的词组前
He patted me on the shoulder.
考点3 零冠词
1. 不含普通名词的专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、复数名词或不可数名词前通常不加冠词。
Rock climbing is of great fun. You will get close to nature and take adventures at the same time.
2. 表示季节、月份、星期、节日、学科、语言、球类、棋类以及三餐等的名词前，常用零冠词。
He had nothing for breakfast this morning.
Spring comes after winter.
3. 表示独一无二的职位、职务、头衔的名词在句中作表语、补足语、同位语时，其前通常不加冠词。We made him monitor of our class.
4. 在“单数可数名词＋as/though”引导的让步状语从句中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。
Good choice as/though it may be, he has decided to give it up.
5. turn意为“变为，成为”时，后面作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词。但是become意为“变为，成
为”时，后面作表语的单数名词前加不定冠词。
His dream is to turn lawyer while his sister’s is to become a dancer.
6. 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等指示代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词或名词
所有格时，其前不加冠词。
I want that book about cars.
考点4 固定搭配
1：all of a sudden突然;as a matter of fact事实上;once a week每周一次;at a loss不知所措,茫然;be on a visit
参观,拜访;be/go on a diet节食;give sb.a lift让某人搭便车;have a gift for...在……方面有天赋;have a good time玩
得开心;have a word with...与……谈话;in a hurry匆忙地;in a way从某种意义上说;make a living谋生;take a walk
散步;take an interest in...对……感兴趣;take/have a rest休息一会儿;a couple of两三个; a bit一点; once upon a time
从前;many a time许多次
2：at the moment此刻,目前;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说一下;on the spot当场;make the
best/most of...充分利用……;in the distance在远处;in the end最终;in the habit of有……的习惯;the other day前几
天;on the one hand...,on the other hand...一方面……,另一方面……;to the point中肯,切题
3：in fact事实上;for example例如;in danger在危险中;with pleasure高兴地;in time及时;in fear恐惧地;at
work在上班;at dinner在吃饭;after school放学后;at first起初;at last最终;by hand手工做的;pay attention to注
意;set fire to放火;take pride in以……为豪;take care of照顾;take office就职;take part in参加;in town在城
里;keep...in mind牢记;in trouble处在麻烦中;on foot步行;leave word留言;on time按时;catch sight of看见;do
harm to对……有害;lose weight减肥
二、介词
1. 思维导图2. 高考真题再现
2022-2018年高考真题
1.（2022年新高考1卷）
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in
the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
2.（2022全国甲卷）
He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
3.（2022全国乙卷）
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United Nations
on November 27th, 2019.
4. （2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It was built originally to protect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
5.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,
various types 6 trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
6.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI
increased 5 2.1 in women and men.7.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空） In 1844 they bought it 2 ＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser...
8.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good
fortune and wealth.
9.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 ． earth, Mother
Nature.
10.（2020·山东卷语法填空）Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other
amusements.
11.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world
they lived 56 ． ，through agriculture.56．
12.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed
only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
13.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be
exact.
14.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this
question is not clear.
15.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been
observing.
3. 模拟检测
1.（2022·广东广州·一模）
For Lucy, nothing beats traveling, which she described ______59______ her favorite part of being alive.2.（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
Studies have shown that students who use handwriting to take notes in class remember information better—
improving their scores____7____as much as 15 percent.
3.（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）
____23____ other words, just “lie flat”.
4.（2022·重庆·一模）
It began on January 19 and finished ___56___ the early morning of January 20.
5.（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T5）
Scientists say that another 26.5 trillion pounds will be produced worldwide ___5___ 2050.
6.（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T8）
After taking my pulse, looking at my tongue, and asking a few questions ___8___my diet and lifestyle, the
acupuncturist correctly reasoned that I was worn-out.
7.（2021•珠海市二模•语法填空•T9）
Analysis of elements in the relics indicates sources similar ____9____ those of other cultures along the Yangtze
River.
8.（2021•肇庆市三模•语法填空•T2）
Changes to water resources can have a big impact ____2____ people's lives.
9.（2021•玉林市一模•语法填空•T10）
“Accusing the British ____10____ having no sense of humor is like telling Rolls-Royce that its cars are down-
market.”
10.（2021•永春县第三次联考•语法填空•T7）
“Tu’s winning the prize signifies China’s prosperity and progress in scientific and technological field, marks a greatcontribution of traditional Chinese medicine ____7____ the cause of human health and shows China’s growing
strengths and rising international standing,” Premier Li Keqiang said in a congratulatory letter on Monday evening.
11.【辽宁省辽阳市2021届高三模拟】
It's not actually just for grandparents, but it's also to give grandparents an opportunity to show love ______ their
children's children.
12.【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大联考】
We use bicycles today for recreation, fitness and so on. ______ the bicycle, much of the world might stop working!
13.【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】
The ride lasts several minutes. It travels from the security area to the boarding gate______ a speed of 3. 5 kilometers
per hour.
14.【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】
This results in the accidental entry ______ foreign objects.
15.【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】
In 1995, Dr. Madan Kataria called on a group of students in a park to test whether adding regular laughter to people’s
lives would improve their well-being, Kataria also introduced deep breathing and simple yoga moves______ the
exercises.
16.【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】
I was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest
impression______ the students.
17.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】
A top official told Xinhua. “______ (give) the difficulties experienced this year, the progress being made by Beijing
2022 has been unusual.
18.【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】It began ______a sport enjoyed mainly by very rich people.
19.【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
So trying to build close connections______a few people should be a priority(优先考虑的事情).
20.【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】
Xiong, a visually disabled young woman who started learning the piano at the age of 6, said her idol was Beethoven,
who went completely deaf later and their physical challenges led both of them to establish a connection with the
outside world ______music.
21.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】
Following his recent rise to fame, Rizea has been asked by many cities, including the capital of Romania to transform
their old tree trunks ______ works of art.
22.【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
If a woman is ______ 40, or even if she is 80, her birthday is always the 39th. If she is in her thirties, her birthday
will be the 29th.
23.【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
And in her twenties, it’s the 19th. They usually have their “real” birthday when they are ______20.
24.【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
When we look up ______ the night sky, we see stars, the twinkle of a moving satellite and occasionally a distant
planet.
25.【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】
Elephants are not fans of strangers. However ,Chen and his colleagues can take only three days ______ every
month.
4. 考试技巧
【介词的关键技法点拨】“四种方法”确定介词
(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系;
(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法;
(3)根据特殊的结构关系, 如接复合宾语就只能用with或without;
(4)根据介词与动词、形容词、名词等的搭配。
5. 知识点拓展
一、 表示“时间”的介词
1. at, on, in
(1) at表示“在某一时刻，某一时点”。如：
I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6点起床。
注：at daybreak在黎明 at noon在中午
at night在夜间 at Christmas在圣诞节期间
at the age of five在五岁时
(2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如：
I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. 三月十八日(早晨) 我听到一声枪响。
We don’t have classes on Sunday. 星期天我们不上课。
(3) in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如：
in the 20th century在20世纪 in 1999在1999年
in winter在冬季 in September在九月
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
【巧学妙记】
at用在时刻前，亦与正午、午夜连，黎明、终止和开端，at与之紧接着相伴。
周月季年长时间，in须放在其前面， 泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in后边。
on指特定某一天，日期、星期和节日前 某天上下和夜晚，依然要在on后站。
今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前，at、in、on都不用，此乃习惯记心间。
注：“上下这那每之前”是指“last/next/this/that/every”之前。
2. for, during, through
(1) for后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用。如：
She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。
(2) during表示“在……期间”。如：I went to France for two weeks during the summer. 夏天我去了法国两个星期。
(3) through表示“一直……，自始至终”。如：
They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
3. from, since
(1) from表示“时间的起点”，可译作“从……”，多用于“from…to/till…”中。如：
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。
(2) since表示“自从……以来（直到现在）”。如：
We have known each other since ten years ago. 我们十年前就认识了。
注意：
for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点。如:
for two hours（持续）两小时 since last week从上周直到现在
4. before, by, till, until
(1) before指“在……之前”，与after相对。如：
Please come before ten o’clock. 请10点以前来。
(2) by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”。如：
We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.
到上学期末为止，我们已经学了1000多个单词了。
We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term.
到本学期结束前，我们将学了两千英语单词了。
注：by后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用。
(3) till (until) “直到……为止”。 在肯定句中，till/until必须与延续动词连用；在否定句中，till/until常与非
延续性动词连用。如
I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 直到12点我才睡。
You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必须一直等到他明天。
5. after, in, within
(1) in和after都可表示“在……之后”，但用法不同：
a. 用in时要具备两个条件：用于将来时；后接时间段
I’ll arrive in an hour. 我一小时后到达。
b. after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症，一年后去世了。
The meeting will end after 3:00pm. 会议将在下午三点后结束。
(2) within“在……时间之内”。强调事情发生的全过程不超出某一时间，没有时态的限制。如：
I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小时就可把它做完。
二、 表示“地点、方位”的介词
1. at, on, to, in
at表示在小地方; 在……附近，旁边
in 表示 在大地方; 在……围之内
on 表示毗邻，接壤
to 表示在„„范围外，不强调是否接壤
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
Russia live on the north of China.
Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2. above, over, on
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触；
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3. along, through, across
(1) across 和 through 都可表示“横过”或“穿过”，前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”，涉及“面”的概
念；而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”，涉及“体”的概念。如：
He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地走过马路。
He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人走过森林。有时 across 表示“横过”也可在“体”内进行，但此时它仍与through 有差别：前者表示从某个“体”的一
端到另一端，而后者表示穿过两端。如：
He walked across the hall. 他从大厅的一端走到另一端。
He walked through the hall. 他穿过大厅。
(2)along 表示“沿着”，通常用于狭长的东西。如：
I saw him running along the road. 我看见他沿着这条路跑。
4. between, among
between一般指“两者之间”
among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中，或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中间”。如：
Between the door and the windows there is a map. 门和窗户的中间有一张地图。
They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。
三、其他介词
1. 表示“工具或手段”的介词 by, with, on
（1）by用某种方式,多用于交通。
by bus乘公共汽车,
by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较:
I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
（2）with表示“用某种工具”。如:
He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。
（3）on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on tv. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。
2. 表示关于的介词 of, about, on
(1) of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如:
He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。
(2) about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:
Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?(3)on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:
It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
3. 表原因或理由的介词for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
(1)for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:
I am sorry for what i said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
(2)at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:
He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。
(3)from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:
He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。
(4) of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:
The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。
(5) with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。
(6)by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。
She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
(7)because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
考向2 介词短语
常见的介词搭配：
1. “介词＋ 名词”型
(1) in 构成的短语
in advance 在前头，事先，预先 in case 如果，万一
in charge主管，掌管，看管 in common共有，共同，公有
in demand有需要的 in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的
in effect实际上，生效 in fact事实上
in order按序，井然有序，情况良好； 恰当 in progress进行中
in return作为回报 in vain徒劳in turn依次，替换地；相应地，转而
(2) on构成的短语
on guard 在值勤 on leave在休假
on holiday在度假 on strike罢工
on sale出售 on loan借贷
on the move在移动，搬迁；离开 on the march在行军
on the go正在活动，正在奔走 on the air正在广播
(3) beyond构成的短语
beyond one's power是某人力所不及的 beyond praise夸不胜夸
beyond one's reach够不着 beyond description难以形容
beyond words无法用语言形容 beyond doubt无疑
beyond one's understanding 无法理解
(4) under构成的短语
under development 在发展中 under observation在观察中
under test在测试中 under construction在建设中
under examination在检查(调查)中 under consideration在考虑中
under repair在修理中
(5) at 构成的短语
at length 详细地，长时间 at sea茫然
at will任意地 at work在上班
at lunch在吃午饭 at rest在休息
at table在吃饭 at school上学
at church做礼拜 at peace处于和平状态
(6) out of 构成的短语
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance失去平衡
out of date过时 out of patience不耐烦
out of control失去控制 out of business破产
out of style过时，不时髦 out of the ordinary不寻常的
out of touch失去联系
2． 复杂介词型(1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。
because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；
on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。
(2) 表示“除……之外”。
with the exception of＝ except, except for“除……之外”；
apart from (＝美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except (for), 又
可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；
in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。
(3) 表示“有关，关于”。
concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；
with respect to“关于，就……而言”；
as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。
(4) 表示“在……之前”。
ahead of=in advance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”， 还可表示“领先，优
于”；
in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。
(5) 表示“支持，赞成”。
in support of 维护，支持，支援；
in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”
(6) 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。
in the light of 按照，考虑到 in terms of 就……而言，谈到
according to 根据；按照 in view of 鉴于，因为
(7) 表示“尽管”。
in spite of 尽管，不管
三、模拟演练
1.（2022·湖南·雅礼中学一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the rapid development of third-party mobile payment tools, ___1___increasing number of consumers
across China are using cashless payment methods.Transactions(交易)___2___(involve) third-party mobile payments rose by 39. 1 percent in the first quarter of
2021 compared ___3___ the previous quarter to 74 trillion yuan. Although China has the most third-party payment
accounts in the world, it is not the first country ___4___(seek) a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden,
Denmark and Singapore are also witnessing that increase.
However, the rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and criticisms.
Alibaba’s Hema Fresh Store, ___5___ customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile
phones via Alipay, ___6___(come) into the spotlight recently. Media reports say that consumers can’t purchase goods
with cash there, which would be considered ___7___(legal).
Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, have also launched
___8___(campaign) to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods, which has caused
concerns over ___9___ cash will soon disappear.
However, experts believe that a cashless society does not mean that cash will ____10____(complete) disappear.
As the economy grows, the circulation of cash is still very huge. In the long term, various payment methods will be
used by consumers, and merchants should respect consumers’ payment habits.
2. （2022·海南·模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last month, I went to China to travel. While ____11____ (do) some research about the trip, I discovered that
Chengdu had the pandas, so I decided to go there.
On my sixth day, I finally had a chance ____12____ (visit) the pandas! I didn’t go to the famous panda
reservation in Wolong, but to Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding directly, which is much ____13____
(close), because I had heard that people might not see the pandas in Wolong but I wanted to be sure to see these cute
fellows. At 7:30 a.m. I ____14____ (join)a group of five fellow panda ____15____ (fan) and we set off. My friends,
____16____ had visited the pandas before, told me about ____17____ active the pandas were, always playing
around. However, all we saw them doing was sleeping and eating. I thought they must be tired, because most of them
____18____ (bare) moved. A few minutes later, a ____19____ (sleep) panda came down ____20____ his tree
house to the ground. He was absolutely lovable.
3. （2022·山西省长治市第二中学校模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Our cat is dead. My daughter, ____21____ is just two years old, knows this. But she keeps asking where it’s
gone and what has happened to it.
My parents ____22____(be) straightforward m admitting they didn’t know what happened after our death when
I asked them in my childhood. But I want to give my daughter a slightly ____23____(good) answer to her question
about the topic than ____24____(they).
One day when she asked the same question, I told my daughter that the cat was out in the field, I told her that
when animals, including people, died, they were usually put into the ground and that their bodies became
____25____(variety) pretty flowers, grasses and trees. I passed my hand over her blonde hair, gently touched her rosy
cheeks and checked her ____26____(react). She didn’t appear ____27____(trouble). Instead, she seemed excited by
the thought of one day becoming a flower.
Then, I reached ____28____ my daughter’s hand and asked her ____29____(take) a walk in the field.
Together, we saw new leaves growing in the sun and pretty flowers waving in the gentle wind. Suddenly, I realized
that although we were bound to become plant fertilizer, we were not the lonely humans aimlessly wandering in the
world. We were a part of the earth. We were connected by the beautiful plants in _____30_____ field.
4. （2022·江西景德镇·模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A unique exhibition of paintings opened at the Shanghai Mental Health Center on Thursday — all the 49
paintings are created by three hospitalized artists with schizophrenia.
With the theme of “loud hailer”, the exhibition offers people with the mental disorder a chance to express
themselves artistically and allows their voice ____31____(hear) by the public, officials from the center said. This can
arouse ____32____(aware) and promote better understanding and support for people with mental diseases, they
added.
“Loud hailer means two-way communication. These paintings are created by patients ____33____ have been
hospitalized for a long time. They live in a ____34____(relative) closed environment. So we want to use this
exhibition to achieve communication ____35____ these hospitalized artists and the audience,” said Chen Mengyuan,
the curator.
Dr Xie Bin from the Shanghai Mental Health Center said the exhibition also aims to remove the stigma(污名)
____36____(attach) to people with schizophrenia.“We hope more people with mental disease will become ____37____(scholar), artists and even great scientists
like John Nash through medical treatment and a good ____38____(society) environment.”
Nash was an American mathematician who ____39____(award) the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics and whose
life as _____40_____ schizophrenia patient was described in the movie A Beautiful Mind, based on his book of the
same name.
5. （2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
The 9, 000-plus volunteers at the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games have played ___41___vital role in
ensuring that all aspects of life for the sportsmen, both on and off the field of play, have gone ___42___(smooth).
To meet the diverse needs of the para ___43___(athlete) and all participants, the volunteers ___44___(go)
through a strict training program, which included training for basic medical and first-aid, how to use wheelchairs, and
the ___45___(guide) on when to provide assistance and ___46___to communicate best.
Liu An’ an is one of the volunteers to have also served at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games. Back then, Liu was a
sophomore student at university. Now, 14 years later, she is still at university but this time she acts ___47___a
lecturer, leading a team of her own students as volunteers at Beijing 2022.
Liu has spent over 150 days training and ___48___(participate) in these Games. She is ___49___(responsibility)
for the traffic permits of all sorts of transportation vehicles, and needs to coordinate with over 100 different
departments, including venues media, transportation and security.
“Becoming a volunteer ____50____has served both at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games and the Beijing 2022
Winter Games is a great honor for me, and I feel a strong sense of pride and responsibility,” said Liu.
6. （2022·福建省龙岩第一中学一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Researchers have discovered that people eat more vegetables if the veggies have fancy labels. A research team
from Stanford University found that sales of vegetables increased after they were given other names -- even though
____51____was no difference in the way the vegetables ____52____(prepare). The researchers conducted their
research on 600 diners for several ____53____(month) at the university canteen. They labelled all vegetable dishes in
four ____54____(differ) ways each day: basic, healthy restrictive, healthy positive and indulgent 放纵/任性的. The
basic label just listed the vegetable name like corn. The healthy restrictive category used words such____55____reduced-sodium ( 钠 ) corn. Vitamin-rich corn was used for the healthy positive. And a
____56____(describe) like rich buttery roasted sweet corn was reserved for the indulgent.
Researchers gave diners a wide choice of vegetables to see how effective the ____57____(delicious) descriptive
labels were. They found that making the labels indulgent increased the number of people who chose ____58____(put)
the vegetables on their plate, as well as the amount of vegetables ____59____(consume). Diners chose the indulgent
labeling 25 percent more than the basic labeling, 35 percent more than the healthy positive labeling and 41 percent
more than the healthy restrictive option. A researcher said: “Labels really can influence our sensory experience,
affecting _____60_____tasty we think food will be.”
7 .阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What does a beautiful person look like? Well, it depends on whom you ask and 41 . they are from.
Much like the way people with straight hair want 42 . (curl) hair or those with pale skin lie in the sun trying to
get a suntan (晒黑), people often find themselves more attractive when 43 . (visit) another country.
Recently a post went popular on the US question website Quora. It asked, “Have you ever been considered more
attractive in a country 44 . than your own?”
Many replies made 45 . clear just how much more attractive they were considered in other country, and why.
Lolyta from Indonesia wrote, “In my home country, I am not considered beautiful, 46 . when I went to Europe I
got a lot of attention.” Pooja Gautam from Nepal shared a similar experience. Women with lighter skin always got
more attention than she 47 . in her country. But in Poland, she has gotten 48 . (usual) high levels of attention from
locals. “Tanning salons (晒黑沙龙) are a big thing in Polish cities,” she wrote. “Some Polish people find it hard to
believe 49 . I tell them that many Nepalese people carry 50 . (umbrella) on hot, sunny days to stop their skin from
turning darker.”
8.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My friend had a chance to make a trip to Hong Kong 51 . August 15,2015. He had dreamed about 52 . (visit) it
since his boyhood and it was the first time that he 53 . (be) there. The following was 54 . he had seen.
55 . (arrive) there, he was 56 . (shock) by its beautiful scenery and tall buildings. 57 . we all know, Hong Kong
has the most skyscrapers in the world. Wherever he went, he saw many smiling faces. People in Hong Kong werekind, generous, easygoing and ready to help others. Much to his surprise, he saw that people there always kept order in
public places. 58 . a great number of people were waiting for the next train at the subway station, they were talking
in such a low voice as not to disturb others.
Chinese and English are the official languages of Hong Kong. English is 59 . (wide) used in governments,
markets, service centers and other fields.
Staying there for a week was a good experience for him, 60 . he would never forget.
9.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We’ve all turned to sad music to make us feel 61 . (good)at some point in our lives, but why does doubling
down on the sadness help drag us out of the mire(泥沼 )？
A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains 62 . we match our music to our feelings. It looks
like sad music can be enjoyable -rather than 63 . (simple) depressing- because it triggers positive memories that can
help to lift our mood. Psychologist Adrian North from Curtin University in Australia says there 64 . (be)two groups
of possible 65 . (explain)for why we enjoy listening to sad music like this: one from social psychology, and one from
cognitive neuroscience(认知神经学).
In terms of social psychology, one way of 66 . (think) about this is that we feel much better about 67 . (we) if
we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison. Everything’s going
to be okay, because this person 68 . (have) an even worse day than you are.
Another theory from social psychology is that people like to listen 69 . music that mirrors the tone of their
current life circumstances -the songs act as 70 . sort of tuning fork(音叉) for our own situations and they resonate(共
鸣) with us.
10.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
He's an old cobbler(修鞋匠 ) with a shop in a historic area in Paris. When I took him my shoes, he told me, "I
haven't time. Take them to 71 . other fellow on the main street."
Just looking at his bench 72 . (load) with tools and pieces of leather, I knew the craftsman(手艺人) was
rather 73 . (skill).“No，”I replied，“ the other fellow can’t do it well.”“The fellow he mentioned is one of those shopkeepers who fix shoes and make keys without knowing much
about mending shoes or making keys.”They work 74 . (careless)and when they have finished sewing back a sandal
strap (鞋带). you might as well just threw away the pair. The reason 75 . I wanted to have my shoes repaired in the
shop is that the man works very carefully.
The man 76 . (have)me write my name on one shoe with a piece of chalk and said “Come back tomorrow.”
I was about to leave 77 . he took a pair of soft leather 78 . (boot)off a shelf.
"See what I can do? "he said with pride. “Only three 79 . us in Paris can do this kind of work.”
The cobber was something out of an ancient legend, this old craftsman with his way of speaking familiarly, his
very strange, dusty hat, his funny accent and, above all, his pride in his craft.
In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest 80 . (satisfy)from pride a job well done.
