2024 届全国名校区域大联考高三英语试题精选集锦（第四期）
专题 03： 阅读理解 C 篇说明文为主
编者按：
遴选全国各地近期区域大联考试题，精心编辑，排版整齐。
目 录
1. 浙江省北斗星盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月阶段性联考
2. 浙江省精诚联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月适应性联考
3. 2024届浙江省Z20名校联盟高三上学期第二次大联考
4. 2024届江苏省百校大联考高三上学期第二次考试
5. 江苏省新高考基地学校2023-2024学年高三上学期12月考试
6. 湖北省九师联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月考试
7. 湖北省腾云联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月考试
8. 湖南省五市十校教研教改共同体2023-2024学年高三上学期12月考试
9. 山东高中名校大联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月统一调研考
10. 安徽省“皖江名校联盟”2023-2024学年高三上学期12月考试
11. 安徽省“耀正优+”2023-2024学年高三上学期12月名校联考
12. 皖豫联盟2023-2024学年高三毕业班上学期第二次考试
13. 河北省保定市金科大联考2023-2024学年高三上学期12月考试
14. 广东省江西省等百师联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期一轮复习联考
15. 福建省优质名校联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月阶段性检测
1. 浙江省北斗星盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月阶段性联考
C
People’s likelihood of being vegetarian seems to be influenced by several genetic variants, and two of the three
most important genes found so far appear to be involved in fat metabolism (新陈代谢).
Genetic factors are known to influence aspects of diet, such as whether people like coffee or alcohol. To see if
genes also affect vegetarianism, Nabeel Yaseen at Northwestern University in Chicago and his team turned to data
on about 5300 strict vegetarians and 330,000 meat eaters. They found that three gene variants were more common in
vegetarians. Two, called NPC1 and RMC1, are involved in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol and other
fatty molecules. The third gene, called RIOK3, has various functions, including affecting the immune system.It isn’t known how these genes may relate to vegetarianism. But one of the chief differences between animal-
based foods and plant-based ones is the chemical make-up of their fats or oils, collectively known as lipids (油脂).
Yaseen conclude that some people may function better on a vegetarian diet because they are more able to
synthesize (合成) certain lipid molecules that are present in meat.
Some people who try vegetarianism but give up may be doing so because their body becomes deficient in the
essential lipids, says Yaseen. “They decide that this diet is not for them or gradually go back into an omnivore (杂
食) diet. Some people might think they just don’t have the willpower.”
Another possibility is that the apparently vegetarianism-promoting gene variants affect people’s taste. “Alot of
information about genes is yet to be known,” Yaseen says.
Richard McIlwain at the UK Vegetarian Society says the number of vegetarians has almost doubled in the UK
between 2012 and 2019. “That would seem to suggest something other than potential genetic factors are at play,” he
says. “People go vegetarian because, more and more, they are concerned about climate, about animal welfare or about
their health,” he says, which are more important determinants than physiological factors.
28. What’s the effect of RIOK3?
A. To affect the metabolism of cholesterol. B. To influence the immune system.
C. To shift cholesterol and fatty molecules. D. To affect the diet of vegetarianism.
29. According to Yaseen’s study, who are more likely to produce lipid molecules appearing in meat?
A. Omnivores. B. Meat-eaters. C. Vegetarians. D. Weight-losers.
30. What does the underline word “deficient” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. lacking. B. limited. C. rich. D. enough.
31. Which of the following might Richard agree most?
A. Genetic factors are the decisive reasons for being a vegetarian.
B. The popularity of vegetarianism has been on a sharp increase globally.
C. People choose to be a vegetarian mainly for ethical and health concerns.
D. Some people fail to be a vegetarian because they tend to give up halfway.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。几种基因变异可能促使人们成为素食主义者，迄今为止发现的三种最重要的
基因中有两种似乎与脂肪代谢有关。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The third gene, called RIOK3, has various functions, including affecting theimmune system.(第三个基因被称为RIOK3，具有多种功能，包括影响免疫系统。)”可知，RIOK3可以影响
免疫系统。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Yaseen conclude that some people may function better on a vegetarian diet because
they are more able to synthesize(合成) certain lipid molecules that are present in meat.(Yaseen总结道，有些人素
食可能会更好，因为他们更能合成肉类中存在的某些脂质分子。)”可知，素食主义者更能合成肉类中存在
的脂质分子。故选C。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Yaseen conclude that some people may function better on a vegetarian diet because
they are more able to synthesize(合成) certain lipid molecules that are present in meat.(Yaseen总结道，有些人素
食可能会更好，因为他们更能合成肉类中存在的某些脂质分子。)”可知，有些人素食可能会更好，因为他
们更能合成肉类中存在的某些脂质分子。再结合画线词所在句中的“Some people who try vegetarianism but
give up”可推测出，尝试素食却放弃的人与素食时表现更好的人相比，前者应该是缺少后者更能合成的脂质
分子，deficient意为“缺乏的”，与lacking意思最接近。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘People go vegetarian because, more and more, they are concerned about
climate, about animal welfare or about their health,’ he says, which are more important determinants than physiological
factors.(他说：‘人们之所以吃素，是因为他们越来越关心气候、动物福利或健康，’这些都是比生理因素
更重要的决定因素。)”可知，人们选择吃素是因为他们越来越关心气候、动物福利或健康，而这些因素是
比生理因素更重要的决定因素，由此可推测出，人们选择成为素食主义者主要是因为关心道德和健康。故
选C。
2. 浙江省精诚联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月适应性联考
C
As a boy in the 1960s, David Wagner would run around his family’s farm with a jar held in his hand, catching
shining fireflies out of the sky. But that’s all gone; the family farm is now paved over with new homes and lawns.
And Wagner’s beloved fireflies have largely disappeared.
In late 2017, a German study showed the total local flying insects had fallen by 80% in three decades. The New
York Times published a masterful feature on the decline of insect life in late 2018. The Guardian wrote that “insects
could disappear within a century”.“Not going to happen,” says Elsa from North Carolina State University. “They’re the most diverse group of
organisms on the planet. Some of them will make it.” Indeed, insects of some sort are likely to be the last ones
standing. Any event sufficiently catastrophic to destroy the world of insects would also endanger other animal life.
“If it happened, humans would no longer be on the planet,” says Corrie Moreau from Cornell University.
According to the studies, the major cause of the decline in insects is habitat loss. Next up is pollution from the
pesticides and fertilisers. Parasites (寄生虫) and diseases are also playing a role. For instance, the spread of the varroa
mite (大蜂螨) is contributing to the decline of honeybees. Finally comes climate change. Insects in tropical regions
may be already suffering declines as a result of global heating.
But insects play a critical role in ecosystems. Insects serve as the base of the food web, eaten by everything from
birds to small mammals to fish. If they decline, everything else will as well. They also provide invaluable “services” to
humanity, including plant pollination (传粉). About three-fourths of flowering plants are pollinated by insects, as
well as the crops that produce over one-third of the world’s food supply. Another service: Waste disposal and nutrient
cycling. Without insects like dung beetles (屎壳郎) breaking down and removing animal and plant waste, “the result s
would be unpleasant”.
28. What’s the bad news for David Wagner now?
A. He is unable to catch the fireflies.
B. He has moved away from his family farm.
C. His favorite insects have disappeared largely.
D. His family farm has been covered by new houses.
29. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Some kinds of insects will survive.
B. Some kinds of insects will become stronger.
C. Some kinds of insects will be the most diverse group.
D. Some kinds of insects will no longer be on the planet.
30. Why is the varroa mite mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. To explain why insects disappear.
B. To illustrate how insect habitat is lost.
C. To describe a fact that diseases cause the decline.
D. To support the idea that parasites cause the decline.
31. What may be talked about in the following paragraph?
A. What the unpleasant results are. B. Why the ecosystems are critical.C. What we should do to protect insects. D. What the future world will be like.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家研究发现昆虫正在消亡以及昆虫消亡 的原因和昆虫的作用。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据首段中的“But that’s all gone; the family farm is now paved over with new homes and lawns.
And Wagner’s beloved fireflies have largely disappeared (但这一切都过去了：家庭农场现在铺上了新房子和草
坪。瓦格纳心爱的萤火虫基本上消失了。)”可知，家庭农场现在铺上了新房子和草坪，这对瓦格纳而言，
应该是坏消息，他不能像儿时那样去捕捉萤火虫了。故选C项。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线短语前的““Not going to happen,” says Elsa from North Carolina State University. “They’re
the most diverse group of organisms on the planet….”(“这是不可能的，”北卡罗来纳州立大学的艾尔莎说。
“它们是地球上最多样化的生物群体……。)”可知，北卡罗纳州立大学的艾尔莎认为昆虫不会在一个世纪
内消失，它们是地球上最多样化的生物群体，由此可知，画线短语的意思应与“有些昆虫会幸存”意义相
近。故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“According to the studies, the major cause of the decline in insects is habitat loss. Next
up is pollution from the pesticides and fertilisers. Parasites (寄生虫) and diseases are also playing a role. For instance,
the spread of the varroa mite (大蜂螨) is contributing to the decline of honeybees.(根据这些研究，昆虫数量减少
的主要原因是栖息地的丧失。接下来是农药和化肥的污染。寄生虫和疾病也起到一定的作用。例如，瓦螨
的传播导致了蜜蜂数量的减少。)”可知，本段主要介绍的是导致昆虫数量下降的原因，分别是栖息地丧失，
污染，寄生虫和疾病等，由此可知，提到大蜂螨是举例说明寄生虫这个原因。故选D项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“But that’s all gone; the family farm is now paved over with new homes and lawns.
And Wagner’s beloved fireflies have largely disappeared.(但这一切都过去了；家庭农场现在铺满了新房子和草
坪。而瓦格纳心爱的萤火虫大部分都消失了。)”可知，首段介绍的了昆虫在减少，结合第四段中的
“According to the studies, the major cause of the decline in insects is habitat loss.(根据这些研究，昆虫数量减
少的主要原因是栖息地的丧失。)”可知，此处分析了昆虫减少原因，并结合尾段“But insects play a critical
role in ecosystems.(但昆虫在生态系统中扮演着至关重要的角色。)”可知，此处讲述了昆虫的意义， 综合以
上信息可知，既然昆虫如此重要，接下来应该是讲述如何增加昆虫数量和保护昆虫。故选C项。3. 2024届浙江省Z20名校联盟高三上学期第二次大联考
C
Amazon recently announced its latest launch, a robot called Astro. Small in size, but with impressive technology,
Astro is seemingly similar to Amazon’s popular virtual assistant. With all the same capabilities as Alexa, many critics
are asking why there’s a need for Astro.
Answering this question, Amazon’s Vice-President of Products, Charlie Tritschler, highlights some unique
features of Astro that make it a different kind of robot. Astro can move on its own and follow people, offering
consumers a far broader range of options. Besides, it can monitor home security. Astro uses Artificial Intelligence to
learn more about household members by interacting with users. Users can also register themselves and others into its
recognition system. When they leave home, they can make an away mode, which means “Sentry (哨兵) Mode”, or
“Patrol Mode” start working. If someone who is not recognized enters the house, Astro will follow and record them.
Astro’s mobility seems to be the key feature in its technological enhancement, but what appeals to people most is its
“unique persona”. Its big, circular, blinking “eyes” displayed on its screen-like head making it look rather cute are a
big reason for this.
Years of research show that humans often experience positive emotional connections with robots. According to
MIT’s technology review of Astro, it may not fall far from this observation. People have come to love robotic pets,
though they are fully aware that the pets are lifeless. Robots at home can play a useful role in helping elderly patients
fight loneliness or young children face social anxiety.
Amazon is offering people interested in Astro the chance to sign up for Day 1 Editions, a program giving
invitations to Astro as soon as it goes on the market later this year. Tritschler is encouraging people to personalize the
robot when it becomes available, and he is confident that users will come up with more ideas and features they will
want to see in the robot in the near future to make it even better.
.
8 What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The convenient operation of Astro. B. The essential functions of Astro.
C. The increasing popularity of Astro. D. The distinctive capabilities of Astro.
9. Which aspect of Astro attracts people most?
A. Its recognition system. B. Its ability to move on its own.
C. Its adorable appearance. D. Its ability to monitor home security.
10. What is Tritschler’s attitude to the future of Astro?
A. Critical. B. Positive. C. Uncertain. D. Doubtful.11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Astro: A Robot Assistant B. The New Revolution of AI
C. Astro: An Emotional Relief D. The Great Potential of Robots
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是亚马逊最近发布的一款名为Astro的机器人。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Answering this question, Amazon’s Vice-President of Products, Charlie Tritschler,
highlights some unique features of Astro that make it a different kind of robot.(在回答这个问题时，亚马逊产品
副总裁Charlie Tritschler强调了Astro的一些独特功能，使其成为一种不同的机器人。)”结合下文中介绍的
Astro的一些独特的功能可知，本段主要介绍的是Astro的一些独特的功能。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的：“Its big, circular, blinking “eyes” displayed on its screen-like head making it
look rather cute are a big reason for this.(它像屏幕一样的头上长着大大的、圆形的、闪烁的“眼睛”，这让
它看起来相当可爱，这是一个重要的原因。)”可知，Astro头上长着的大大的、圆形的、闪烁的“眼睛”让
他看起来很可爱，由此可知，Astro最吸引人的是它可爱的外表。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Tritschler is encouraging people to personalize the robot when it becomes available,
and he is confident that users will come up with more ideas and features they will want to see in the robot in the near
future to make it even better.(特里奇勒鼓励人们在机器人可用时对其进行个性化设计，他相信在不久的将来，
用户会提出更多的想法和功能，让机器人变得更好。)”可知，Tritschler相信在不久的将来，用户会提出更
多的想法和功能，让机器人变得更好，由此可知，Tritschler对Astro的未来持乐观的态度。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Amazon recently announced its latest launch, a robot called Astro. Small in size, but
with impressive technology, Astro is seemingly similar to Amazon’s popular virtual assistant.(亚马逊最近发布了
一款名为Astro的机器人。Astro体积小，但技术令人印象深刻，看起来与亚马逊流行的虚拟助手类似。)”
结合下文中的介绍的Astro的独特的功能以及对机器人未来发展情况的介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是亚马
逊推出的一款称为Astro的机器人，所以题目“Astro：机器人助手”与本文的内容吻合，且可以概括本文
的主题，适合作为本文的最佳题目。故选A项。
4. 2024届江苏省百校大联考高三上学期第二次考试C
Often overlooked as a nuisance (讨厌), pigeons are actually highly intelligent animals. In a study, 24 pigeons
were shown different stimuli, like lines of different width and placement, as well as sectioned rings. Each bird had to
peck (啄) a button on the right or left to decide which category they belonged to. If they got it correct, they got food; if
they got it wrong, they got nothing.
“Pigeons don’t need a rule,” said Brandon Turner, lead author of the study. Instead they learn through trial and
error. For example, when they were given a visual, say “category A”, anything that looked close to that they also
classified as “category A”.
Over the course of the experiments, pigeons improved their ability to make right choices from 55% to 95% of
the time when it came to some of the simpler tasks. Presented with a more complex challenge, their accuracy went
up from 55% to 68%.
“Using more humble animals like pigeons, we can test how far they can go with a mind that is solely or mostly
associative,” said Turner. “This paper shows how incredibly strong associative systems can be, how true cognition-
like (认知) they are.”
In an AI model, the main goal is to recognize patterns and make decisions. Pigeons, as research shows, can do
the same. When not given food, pigeons have a remarkable ability to correct their errors. Similarity function is also
at play for pigeons, by using their ability to find resemblance (相似) between two objects.
“With just those two mechanisms alone, you can define a neural network or an artificial intelligent machine to
basically solve these categorization problems,” said Turner. “It stands to reason that the mechanisms that are present in
the AI are also present in the pigeon.”
The researchers now aim to co-operate with scientists who study pigeons and their brains. They are hoping that
these findings can have practical applications in better understanding human brain damage. “Maybe we can get some
further insight into what is going on in that little bird brain,” said Turner.
28. What task did researchers set for pigeons?
A. Identify similarities. B. Select food.
C. Tell right from left. D. Do simple calculation.
29. How did pigeons improve accuracy in the experiment?
A. By working with fellow pigeons. B. By turning to AI technology.
C. By learning from consequences. D. By observing others’ behaviour.
30. What’s the finding of the study?
A. Pigeons use toolset to complete complex tasks.B. Pigeons may be able to decide on their reflection.
C. Pigeons problem-solve similarly to artificial intelligence.
D. Pigeons can use AI to recognize resemblance between objects.
31. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning the study?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its underlying logic. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本篇是说明文，介绍了一项对鸽子的研究发现：鸽子通过是否得到食物来判断自己的对错从而不
断提高自己辨别物体的准确性，鸽子解决问题的能力和人工智能相似。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Each bird had to peck (啄) a button on the right or left to decide which category
they belonged to. If they got it correct, they got food; if they got it wrong, they got nothing (每只鸟都要啄一下右
边或左边的一个按钮来决定它们属于哪一类。如果它们做对了，它们就会得到食物；如果他们做错了，他
们什么都没有)”可知，研究人员给鸽子布置的任务是让他们把相似的物品归类也就是辨别相似的物件。故
选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“If they got it correct, they got food; if they got it wrong, they got nothing (如果
它们做对了，它们就会得到食物；如果他们做错了，他们什么都没有)”以及文章第二段讲到“Instead they
learn through trial and error (相反，他们通过试错来学习)”可知，鸽子通过是否得到食物来判断自己的对错从
而不断提高自己辨别物体的准确性。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。文章倒数第二段讲到“With just those two mechanisms alone, you can define a neural network or
an artificial intelligent machine to basically solve these categorization problems,” said Turner. “It stands to reason
that the mechanisms that are present in the AI are also present in the pigeon (仅凭这两种机制，你就可以定义一
个神经网络或人工智能机器来基本解决这些分类问题，”特纳说。“人工智能中存在的机制也存在于鸽子
身上，这是理所当然的)”可知，鸽子解决问题的能力和人工智能相似。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“They are hoping that these findings can have practical applications in better
understanding human brain damage. “Maybe we can get some further insight into what is going on in that little bird
brain” (他们希望这些发现能在更好地理解人类大脑损伤方面有实际应用。“也许我们可以进一步了解这只小鸟的大脑中发生了什么”)”可知，作者是在谈论对未来研究的期待。故选B。
5. 江苏省新高考基地学校2023-2024学年高三上学期12月考试
C
Catfish effect is the effect that a strong competitor has in causing the weak to better themselves. Actions done
to actively apply this effect in an organization are termed catfish management.
In Norway, live sardines are several times more expensive than frozen ones, and are valued for better texture
and flavor. It was said that only one ship could bring live sardines home, and the shipmaster kept his method a secret.
After he died, people found that there was one catfish in the tank. The catfish keeps swimming, and the sardines try
to avoid this predator (捕食者). This increased level of activity keeps the sardines active, thus, increasing their
survival rate greatly.
Catfish effect has been one of the hottest topics in human resources management. Therefore, I will keep the
explanation short and sweet. When an outsider joins a well-established team as a competitor, he causes the weak to
better their performance. This method is meant to motivate each of the teammates to feel the competition in order
to keep up the competitiveness level of the whole team.
However, adding a catfish in the team can also bring in the downside in the group’s dynamics.
The team would go back to the storming stage. Under-performers would become more negative about the change
that the catfish tried to implement (实施) because they would see it as a threat. The failed attempt of implementation of
changing will create under-performance in the team as a whole, which will lead to a greater management challenge.
The key employee or backbone employee will feel demotivated because the opportunity to get a more senior job
has decreased. If there are too many catfish in the company, this would generate a stressful work environment. The
employee would constantly worry if they are being “preyed” by the catfish. The mental burden would create a harmful
corporate culture and increase the distrust between employees.
A high standard is required on the catfish. The catfish would eventually turn into a leading role in the team. Lack
in leadership skill from the catfish would lead to a bigger chaos in the workplace. Worst situation would be setting
up a bad leadership role model to further an unhealthy competitive environment.
28. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The magic trick of catching sardines. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The exact origin of the legend. D. The great wisdom of a catfish.
29. What may a catfish mean to backbones of the company?
A. Unfair corporate culture. B. Violent work environment.C. Great management challenge. D. Reduced promotion chance.
30. Which might be the solution to the downside of a catfish?
A. Qualifying a catfish for a leading role. B. Setting up a harmonious relationship.
C. Creating a less competitive workplace. D. Stopping a catfish entering a company.
31. What’s the author’s attitude towards adding a catfish in the company?
.
A Subjective. B. Pessimistic. C. Objective. D. Doubtful.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论了鲶鱼效应及其在组织中的应用，包括对团队竞争性的提高和潜在的
负面后果，强调了鲶鱼在团队中的领导角色的重要性。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“In Norway, live sardines are several times more expensive than frozen ones, and are
valued for better texture and flavor. It was said that only one ship could bring live sardines home, and the shipmaster
kept his method a secret. After he died, people found that there was one catfish in the tank. The catfish keeps
swimming, and the sardines try to avoid this predator (捕食者). This increased level of activity keeps the sardines
active, thus, increasing their survival rate greatly.(在挪威，活沙丁鱼比冷冻沙丁鱼贵好几倍，而且口感和味道
更好。据说只有一艘船能把活沙丁鱼带回家，船长对他的方法保密。他死后，人们发现鱼缸里有一条鲶鱼。
鲶鱼一直在游，沙丁鱼试图避开这个捕食者。这种增加的活动水平使沙丁鱼保持活跃，从而大大提高了它
们的存活率)”可知，文章第二段主要讲的是鲶鱼效应的潜在逻辑。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The key employee or backbone employee will feel demotivated because the
opportunity to get a more senior job has decreased.(关键员工或骨干员工会感到失去动力，因为获得更高职位的
机会减少了)”可知，公司的骨干员工或关键员工会因为晋升机会减少而感到动力不足。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“A high standard is required on the catfish. The catfish would eventually turn into a
leading role in the team.(鲶鱼的质量要求很高。鲶鱼最终成为了团队中的主角)”可知，通过提高鲶鱼的领导
资格和标准，可以缓解其带来的负面效应。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据整篇文章的论调既讨论了鲶鱼效应的积极作用，也探讨了其可能产生的负面影响，展示
了对鲶鱼管理策略的平衡看法。这体现了作者试图从客观的角度去评价这种效应及其在企业管理中的应用。
由此推知，作者对在公司增加一条鲶鱼持客观的态度。故选C。6. 湖北省九师联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月考试
C
Many people live with chronic (慢性) pain, and there’re complex reasons for it. Now a new study researcher
Laura Case of the University of California, San Diego, co-authoring with Jennifer Baumgartner, suggests a new
potential influence on pain: feeling socially connected.
This new study reanalyzed measures collected in an earlier study, in which a group of chronic pain sufferers had
been randomly arranged an intervention (干预) shown to reduce pain (sleeping with a heavily-weighted blanket) or
to a control condition(sleeping with a slightly-weighted blanket). After sleeping with their blankets for a week,
changes in people’s pain levels were assessed.
In the earlier study, the pain sufferers had also reported on their anxiety, levels of loneliness, and sense of social
connectedness—not how many social connections they had, but how generally close they were to other people and
how strongly they experienced a sense of belonging. But these hadn’t all been analyzed to see how they related to
pain and pain relief from the blankets. That’s where the new study came in.
The new findings showed that people who were more socially connected experienced less pain than those who
were less socially connected. After taking into account differences in how much pain relief the sufferers expected and
how painful they felt in the beginning, those who were socially disconnected felt more pain relief from the weighted
blanket than from the lighter blanket, while more socially connected people received equal pain relief from both
blankets.
These findings show that having a sense of belonging provides some level of protection against pain. Why?
Socially connected people probably feel safer and less anxious, says Baumgartner, because they know they can
depend on others for support when they’re hurting. Besides, positive social touch—like receiving a friendly hug or
massage—has been shown to reduce pain feel, and people who’re more socially connected likely experience more of
those types of touch, Case adds.
Their study adds to a growing body of research showing how important social connectedness and social touch
are for our health and happiness—something that’s been getting more attention in recent years.
8. What did the new study mainly focus on?
A. The participants’ pain levels. B. The effects of social connections on pain.
C. The different interventions. D. The participants’ similar sense of belonging.
9. What can be learnt from the new study?
A. Being socially disconnected worsened people’s pain.B. People having more social connections experienced no pain.
C. People’s initial pain levels had few effects on the participants.
D. The weighted blanket benefited those socially disconnected a lot.
10. What does Case probably suggest people do in paragraph 5?
A. Compete with each other. B. Avoid too much touch.
C. Hug their friends more. D. Control their feelings.
11. From which section of the newspaper is the text probably taken?
A. Health. B. Technology. C. Environment. D. People.
.
【答案】8 B 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究发现社会联系会缓解慢性疼痛，解释了研究开
展的经过以及研究的发现。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Now a new study researcher Laura Case of the University of California, San Diego,
co-authoring with Jennifer Baumgartner, suggests a new potential influence on pain: feeling socially connected.(现
在，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究员Laura Case与Jennifer Baumgartner合著了一项新研究，提出了一种新
的对疼痛的潜在影响：社会联系感)”和第三段“and sense of social connectedness—not how many social
connections they had, but how generally close they were to other people and how strongly they experienced a sense
of belonging. But these hadn’t all been analyzed to see how they related to pain and pain relief from the blankets.
That’s where the new study came in.(不是他们有多少社会联系，而是他们与他人的亲密程度，以及他们感受
到的归属感有多强烈。但这些并没有被全部分析，以了解它们与毯子带来的疼痛和疼痛缓解有何关系。这
就是新研究的切入点)”可知，新研究重点分析了社会联系对疼痛的影响。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“After taking into account differences in how much pain relief the sufferers expected
and how painful they felt in the beginning, those who were socially disconnected felt more pain relief from the
weighted blanket than from the lighter blanket, while more socially connected people received equal pain relief from
both blankets.(在考虑了患者期望的疼痛缓解程度和他们一开始感受到的疼痛程度的差异后，那些与社会脱
节的人从加重的毯子上感受到的疼痛缓解比从较轻的毯子上感受到的疼痛缓解更多，而与社会联系更紧密
的人从两种毯子上得到的疼痛缓解是一样的)”可推断，加重的毯子更有利于社会联系不多的人。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Besides, positive social touch—like receiving a friendly hug or massage—has beenshown to reduce pain feel, and people who’re more socially connected likely experience more of those types of touch,
Case adds.(此外，积极的社交接触——比如接受一个友好的拥抱或按摩——已经被证明可以减轻疼痛感，而
且社交联系更紧密的人可能会经历更多这种类型的接触，凯斯补充道)”可推断，Case 有可能建议人们多拥
抱他们的朋友。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Now a new study researcher Laura Case of the University of California, San Diego,
co-authoring with Jennifer Baumgartner, suggests a new potential influence on pain: feeling socially connected.(现
在，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究员Laura Case与Jennifer Baumgartner合著了一项新研究，提出了一种新
的对疼痛的潜在影响：社会联系感)”结合下文介绍研究开展的经过以及研究的发现可知，本文与个人健康
有关。故文章最有可能出现在报纸的“健康”版块。故选A。
7. 湖北省腾云联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月考试
C
If you feel lonely, you’re actually in good company: Nearly 1 in 4 adults across the world have reported feeling
very or fairly lonely. A new survey, taken across 142 countries, found 24% of people age 15 and older self-reported
feeling very or fairly lonely in response to the question, “How lonely do you feel?” Loneliness has emerged as a silent
epidemic, affecting individuals of all ages and backgrounds.
The survey also found that the rates of loneliness were highest in young adults, with 27% of young adults age
19 to 29 reporting feeling very or fairly lonely. The lowest rates were found in older adults. Only 17% of people age
65 and older reported feeling lonely. Over half of adults age 45 and older reported not feeling lonely at all, while the
majority of those younger than 45 answered that they felt at least a little lonely, if not very or fairly lonely. While
there was little or no difference in the reported loneliness between men and women, some countries had substantial
gaps in both directions, depending on the country’s cultural context. Overall, 79 out of the 142 countries had a higher
self-reported rate of loneliness in women than men.
Rokach, who also teaches in the department of psychology at York University in Toronto, said that younger
people who are in a transitional stage of becoming an adult experience more uncertainty in many areas of life,
including “a tumultuous love life, uncertainty about a professional path, and in the process of separating from their
parents.” Young adults are therefore more likely to experience more loneliness than older adults who have already
accumulated “wisdom, friends, a family which may be supportive, and a community which cares for them,” he
said.While being alone could be refreshing and energizing, social media could defend against loneliness or help
people not feel lonely anymore. “Social media is often a tool young adults use to connect with one another, but it can
be more harmful if users are participating in passive scrolling,” said Dr. Olivia Remes, a mental health researcher
at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. She described the behavior as only taking in the rosy posts
of others and comparing it with one’s reality.
8. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. Nearly 40% of adults across the world reported feeling lonely.
B. The rate of loneliness in women is higher than men.
C. The rates of loneliness were the lowest in people aged 45 and older.
D. People older than 65 were less likely to feel lonely.
9. How did the author present the result of the survey?
A. By providing data. B. By comparison.
C. By listing examples. D. By making experiments.
10. Why are young adults more likely to experience loneliness?
A. They are addicted to social media. B. They are not understood by their parents.
C. They are at a loss for the future. D. They have difficulty dealing with relationships.
11. What does the underlined phrase “passive scrolling” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Browse contents with certain purposes. B. Make negative comments.
C. Measure oneself against others. D. Argue with people online.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个关于感到孤独 的调查，说明了各个年龄段感到孤独的概率，
指出年轻人更容易感到孤独因为他们对未来不知所措。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only 17% of people age 65 and older reported feeling lonely.( 65岁及以上的人
中，只有17%的人感到孤独)”可知，65岁以上的人不太可能感到孤独。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new survey, taken across 142 countries, found 24% of people age 15 and older
self-reported feeling very or fairly lonely in response to the question, “How lonely do you feel?” (在142个国家进
行的一项新调查发现，在回答“你觉得有多孤独？”这个问题时，15岁及以上的人中有24%的人自称感到
非常或相当孤独)”以及第二段中的“The survey also found that the rates of loneliness were highest in young adults,with 27% of young adults age 19 to 29 reporting feeling very or fairly lonely. The lowest rates were found in older
adults. Only 17% of people age 65 and older reported feeling lonely. (调查还发现，年轻人的孤独感最高，19岁
至29岁的年轻人中有27%的人感到非常或相当孤独。老年人的孤独感几率最低。65岁及以上的人中，只
有17%的人感到孤独)”可推知，作者通过提供数据陈述调查结果。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Rokach, who also teaches in the department of psychology at York University
in Toronto, said that younger people who are in a transitional stage of becoming an adult experience more uncertainty
in many areas of life, including “a tumultuous love life, uncertainty about a professional path, and in the process of
separating from their parents.”(同时在多伦多约克大学心理学系任教的罗卡奇说，处于成年过渡阶段的年轻人
在生活的许多领域都经历了更多的不确定性，包括“动荡的爱情生活、职业道路的不确定性，以及与父母
分离的过程。”)”可知，年轻人更容易感到孤独因为他们对未来不知所措。故选C。
【11题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“She described the behavior as only taking in the rosy posts of others and comparing
it with one’s reality.(她把这种行为描述为只是接受别人的乐观看法，并将其与自己的现实进行比较。)”可知，
她将这种行为描述为只接受别人的美好评价，并将其与自己的现实进行比较，即年轻人拿自己和别人比较，
社交媒体会产生更大的危害。故划线词意思是“拿自己和别人比较”。故选C。
8. 湖南省五市十校教研教改共同体2023-2024学年高三上学期12月考试
C
China will increase resources to advance the construction of the 5G network, expand the application of 5G
technology in various fields, and promote the research and development of 6G, officials and experts said at the 6th
Digital China Summit, which ended on Friday in Fuzhou, Fujian province.
“China has built the world’s largest 5G network with the most advanced technologies. The number of the
country’s 5G base stations had exceeded 2.64 million by the end of March this year,” said an official, Zhao Ce.
Zhao said the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will make more efforts to bolster the building
of the 5G network in an orderly manner and accelerate its industrial applications, push forward the research and
development of 6G, and strengthen international exchange and communication in 5G-related technology, standards
and application.
Cao Ming, president of the wireless product line at Huawei Technologies, said China is taking the lead in 5G
development across the globe, and 5G is expected to play a bigger role in improving digitalization in a wide range ofsectors covering intelligent connected vehicles and intelligent transportation.
“As the next-generation mobile communication technology, 6G integrates with telecommunication, perception,
computation, artificial intelligence, big data and security,” said Cui Chunfeng, president of the future research institute
of the China Mobile Research Institute, adding the research on 6G is still at a primary stage worldwide.
Although there is no universally accepted definition of 6G, the technology is predicted to provide faster speeds,
lower latency (and more bandwidth than 5G. The 6G network will realize the deep integration of physical and virtual
worlds, and build a new world featuring the intelligent connection of everything, Cui said.
Noting new cybersecurity challenges have popped up with the rapid development and application of 5G
technology, Qi Xiangdong, chairman of Chinese cybersecurity company Qi-Anxin Technology Group (QATG), said
the company will strengthen cooperation with the country’s major telecom carriers to help them deal with growing
cybersecurity risks.
28. What will China increase resources to do according to Paragraph 1?
A. To stop the construction of the 5G network.
B. To deal with new cybersecurity challenges.
C. To suspend the application of 5G in diverse fields.
D. To further the research and development of 6G.
29. What does the underlined word “bolster” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Reduce. B. Improve. C. Oppose. D. Evaluate.
30. What is the main idea of Paragraph 6?
A. The integration of 5G and 6G.
B. The comparison between 5G and 6G.
C. The potential to be realized through 6G.
D. The intelligent connection achieved with 6G.
31. Why will QATG enhance partnership with major telecom carriers?
A. To advance digitalization in various fields.
B. To accelerate the 5G network industrial applications.
C. To help them address mounting network security risks.
D. To strengthen international cooperation in technology.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要报道中国将增加资源促进6G的研究和开发。【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“China will increase resources to advance the construction of the 5G network, expand
the application of 5G technology in various fields, and promote the research and development of 6G(中国将增加
资源来推进5G网络建设，扩大5G技术在各个领域的应用，促进6G的研究和开发)”可知，中国将增加资
源促进6G的研发。故选D。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。从第三段画线单词所在句的三个并列谓语动词“accelerate(加快)”、“push forward(推进)”以及
“strengthen()加强”可以推断，bolster意为“促进，加强”。故选B。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第六段内容“Although there is no universally accepted definition of 6G, the technology is
predicted to provide faster speeds, lower latency (and more bandwidth than 5G. The 6G network will realize the deep
integration of physical and virtual worlds, and build a new world featuring the intelligent connection of everything,
Cui said.(尽管6G还没有被普遍接受的定义，但预计该技术将提供比5G更快的速度、更低的延迟（以及更
多的带宽）。他说，6G网络将实现物理世界和虚拟世界的深度融合，建立一个万物智能连接的新世界)”可
知，本段主要讲述了6G网络的潜能优势，如比5G网速更快、延时更少、带宽更大；虚拟世界与真实世界
深度融合；智联其他事物构建一个新的世界等。故选C。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“the company will strengthen cooperation with the country’s major telecom carriers
to help them deal with growing cybersecurity risks(该公司将加强与国内主要电信运营商的合作，帮助他们应对
日益增长的网络安全风险)”可知，公司加强与主要电信运营商的合作是为了应对日益增加的网络安全风险。
故选C。
9. 山东高中名校大联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月统一调研考
C
Ever wondered how many steps you should really be aiming for each day to stay healthy? A study, led by the
University of Granada (UGR) and published in one of the world’s leading journals, identifies for the first time the
number of steps at which most people obtain the greatest benefits.
The study has provided the first scientific proof for daily step count to significantly reduce the risk of
premature death: 8,000. It contradicts the popular belief that one should aim for 10,000 steps a day—an idea that
came out of Japan in the 1960s but had no basis in science. “We have shown that the more steps you take, the better,
and that there is no extra number of steps that has been proven to be harmful to health,” explains Francisco B. Ortega,the lead author of the study.
The findings are based on a comprehensive analysis of data from twelve international studies involving over
110,000 participants. The study reveals that even small increases in the daily step count can lead to measurable health
benefits. For those who lead a less active lifestyle, an additional 500 steps can already result in health improvements.
“This is good news because not everyone can walk almost 9,000 steps a day, at least not at first, so you can set small,
reachable goals and gradually make progress and increase the number of steps per day,” the researchers suggests.
So, should we stop walking when we reach 9000 steps? “Absolutely not,” insists Ortega. “More steps are never
bad. Our study showed that even as many as 16,000 steps a day does not pose a risk.” However, they also note that
the daily step target should be age-appropriate.
“Our study gives people clear and easily measurable goals,” Ortega concludes. “Counting steps is much simpler,
especially since most people have a smartphone or smartwatch these days. The significance of our study lies in
providing concrete and measurable targets for the number of daily steps and thereby contributing to people’s
health.”
8. What can we learn about the new study?
A. It originates from Japan.
B. It has reduced death rate.
C. It has scientific evidence.
D. It restricts extra daily steps.
9. What does the underlined word “premature” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Early. B. Unexpected. C. Delayed. D. Sudden.
10. What do researchers advise inactive individuals to do?
A. Increase walking pace.
B. Set achievable step goals.
C. Track progress every day.
D. Add other forms of exercise.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Pace vs Count: Walking Matters
B. Impact of Walking 16,000 Steps
C. Counting with Smart Wearables
D. 8000 vs 10,000: Mystery solved
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现即每天走8000步可以显著降低死亡风险，这是
首次给出步数目标。这项研究为人们提供了明确且易于衡量的步数目标，并有助于人们的健康。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“A study, led by the University of Granada (UGR) and published in one of the world’s
leading journals, identifies for the first time the number of steps at which most people obtain the greatest benefits.( 一项
由格拉纳达大学(UGR)领导并发表在世界领先期刊之一上的研究首次确定了大多数人获得最大益处的步
数。)”以及第二段中“The study has provided the first scientific proof for daily step count to significantly reduce
the risk of premature death: 8,000.(这项研究首次提供了科学证据，证明每天走8000步可以显著降低过早死亡
的风险。)”可知，该研究结果发表在世界领先期刊，同时该研究是具有科学证据的。故选C。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“The study has provided the first scientific proof for daily step count to
significantly reduce the risk of (该研究首次提供了科学证据，证明每日步数可以显著降低……死亡的风险)”可
知，每日走路对人类的身体健康是有益处的，由此可以显著降低早死的风险，因此划线词与 A选项
“Early.(早的)”为同义词。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“This is good news because not everyone can walk almost 9,000 steps a day, at least
not at first, so you can set small, reachable goals and gradually make progress and increase the number of steps per
day,(这是个好消息，因为不是每个人都能每天走近9000步，至少一开始不行，所以你可以设定小的、可实
现的目标，逐渐取得进展，增加每天的步数，)”可知，对于一些不太愿意活动或者运动不积极的人来说，
文章建议这些人设定一些切实可实的目标。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章介绍了一个研究发现即每天走8000步可以显著降低死亡风险，这是首次给出
步数目标。这项研究为人们提供了明确且易于衡量的步数目标，并有助于人们的健康。D选项“8000 vs
10,000: Mystery solved(8000步对决10000步：谜底揭晓)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选D。
10. 安徽省“皖江名校联盟”2023-2024学年高三上学期12月考试
C
As we all know, plastic products like bags, bottles, toys and various other products end up in our oceans daily.
They then pollute and kill marine animals, which ultimately affects humans because it causes widespread starvationamong sea life which we depend on for food sources. With global levels of plastic waste in the ocean at an all-time
high, there has never been a better time to consider making your swimwear from alternative sources.
It’s time to end the plastic waste polluting our oceans, but we’re not going to wait for someone else to do it.
Creating swimsuits and other clothing items out of plastic collected from our oceans might seem pretty far-fetched,
but Seamore (after Seamus Malone, our founder) is doing just that. We aim to make people more aware of how much
plastic they use every day by providing stylish swimsuits made entirely from recycled ocean plastics.
The process is simple. Gather plastic waste from oceans and waterways, clean it, and turn it functional.
Manufacturers (生产商) receive recycled plastic pellet (团粒) material and they press those pellets into fiber sheets;
and then they die-cut, sew, or print those fibers into whatever products they want. It’s manufacturers who can decide
whether their final product will be recyclable or not. Swimwear collections made from recycled materials found in
our oceans illustrate how much impact we can have on our world when we set out to do so with pure intentions.
Today, as more and more people are taking part in water-centric activities, there is greater demand for water-
friendly clothing options, especially among individuals looking for alternatives that meet their needs for comfort and
functionality in and out of water. But the sad truth is that most of us have no idea where our clothing comes from —
and if a recent report is accurate, one-third of all clothing purchased isn’t even worn before it ends up in a landfill.
28. Why is the first paragraph mainly written?
A. To show what influence plastic waste has.
B. To introduce a new environmental effort.
C. To illustrate how sea life survive the crisis.
D. To predict the possible effects of pollution.
29. How docs Scamore help people with environmental protection?
A. By producing alternative energy from ocean.
B. By promoting programmes to educate people.
C. By offering swimwear made from sea plastics.
D. By means of organizing theme-related speeches.
30. What can be inferred from the text?
A. It’s easy to collect ocean-based waster. B. Fibre is made from ocean plastic pellets.
C. A product’s recyclability is up to its maker. D. Swimwear can test how we impact marine life.
31. How does the author feel about people’s knowledge about clothing?
A. Positive. B. Concerned. C. Doubtful. D. Cold.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了制作由回收海洋塑料制成的时尚泳衣的原因和过程等。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“They then pollute and kill marine animals, which ultimately affects humans because
it causes widespread starvation among sea life which we depend on for food sources. (然后污染和杀死海洋动物，
最终影响到人类，因为它导致我们赖以为生的海洋生物普遍饥饿)”可推知，第一段主要是为了展示塑料垃
圾的影响。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“We aim to make people more aware of how much plastic they use every day by
providing stylish swimsuits made entirely from recycled ocean plastics (我们的目标是通过提供完全由回收海洋
塑料制成的时尚泳衣，让人们更加意识到他们每天使用了多少塑料)”可知，他目标是通过提供由海洋塑料
制成的泳衣帮助人们保护环境。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“It’s manufacturers who can decide whether their final product will be recyclable or
not (制造商可以决定他们的最终产品是否可以回收)”可推知，产品的可回收性取决于制造商。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一句“But the sad truth is that most of us have no idea where our clothing comes from —
and if a recent report is accurate, one-third of all clothing purchased isn’t even worn before it ends up in a landfill. (但可悲
的事实是，我们大多数人都不知道我们的衣服是从哪里来的——如果最近的一份报告是准确的，那么三分
之一的衣服在被送到垃圾填埋场之前甚至没有穿过)”可推知，作者对此是担心的。故选B。
11. 安徽省“耀正优+”2023-2024学年高三上学期12月名校联考
C
A newly developed algorithm (算法) can spot depression in Twitter users with 88.39% accuracy. Developed by
researchers at Brunel University London and the University of Leicester, the algorithm determines someone’s mental
state by analyzing the 38 data points from their public Twitter information, including their posts, their posting times,
and the other users in their social circle.
“We tested the algorithm on two large databases and compared our results with those obtained by other depression
detection techniques,” said Prof. Abdul Sadka, Director of Brunel’s Institute of Digital Futures. “In all cases, we’ve
managed to make it perform better than existing techniques in terms of their classification accuracy.”
The algorithm was trained by using two databases that contain the Twitter history of thousands of users, as wellas additional information about those users’ mental health. Eighty percent of the information in each database was
used to teach the robot, with the other 20% then used to test its accuracy. The robot works by first excluding (排除)
all users with fewer than five posts and running the remaining information through natural language software to
correct for misspellings and short-form words. It then considers the 38 different data points—such as a user’s use of
positive and negative words, the number of friends and followers they have, and their use of emojis—and makes a
decision on that user’s mental and emotional state.
The team says that such a system could potentially mark a user’s depression before they post something into the
public websites on the Internet, paving the way for platforms such as Twitter and Facebook to proactively (积极
行动地) warn users about their mental health issues. What’s more, the robot can also be used after a post has been
made on the public platforms, potentially allowing employers and other businesses to assess a user’s mental state
based on their social media posts. It could be used for a number of reasons, the researchers say, including the use in
emotional analysis, criminal investigation or employment screening.
8. How does the robot determine a Twitter user’s mental state?
A. By accessing the user’s previous health status.
B. By inquiring about the user’s friends and followers.
C. By discovering the misspellings and short-form words in the user’s posts.
D. By taking into consideration the different aspects from the user’s public information.
9. Why does the author mention Prof Abdul Sadka’s words in paragraph 2?
A. To show that the newly developed algorithm is better at depression detection.
B. To emphasize the differences between depression detection techniques.
C. To reveal the seriousness of depression among Twitter users.
D. To introduce some ways to detect depression.
10. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. What factors determine depression?
B. The common symptoms of depression.
C. Why researchers wanted to access people’s mental state.
D. The training and working process of the algorithm system.
11. What is one of the practical uses of knowing the users’ mental and emotional state?
A. It can help improve the techniques of depression detection.
B. It enables the platforms to provide medical service for their users.
C. It can help companies select more suitable staff from some candidates.D. It makes it possible for websites to better protect their users’ privacy.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一种新开发的算法可以发现推特用户的抑郁症。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第一段“Developed by researchers at Brunel University London and the University of
Leicester, the algorithm determines someone’s mental state by analyzing the 38 data points from their public Twitter
information, including their posts, their posting times, and the other users in their social circle.(该算法由伦敦布鲁
内尔大学和莱斯特大学的研究人员开发，通过分析某人公共推特信息中的38个数据点，包括他们的帖子、
发布时间和社交圈中的其他用户，来确定某人的心理状态。)”以及第三段“It then considers the 38 different
data points—such as a user’s use of positive and negative words, the number of friends and followers they have, and
their use of emojis—and makes a decision on that user’s mental and emotional state.(然后，它考虑38个不同的
数据点，如用户对积极和消极词语的使用，他们的朋友和追随者的数量，以及他们对表情符号的使用，并
对用户的心理和情绪状态做出决定。)”可知，机器人通过考虑用户公共信息的不同方面来确定推特用户的
心理状态。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“In all cases, we’ve managed to make it perform better than existing techniques in
terms of their classification accuracy.(在所有情况下，我们都设法使其在分类准确性方面比现有技术表现得更
好。)”可知，作者在第2段中提到了Abdul Sadka教授的话，以表明新开发的算法在抑郁症检测方面更好。
故选A项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第三段“The algorithm was trained by using two databases that contain the Twitter history of
thousands of users, as well as additional information about those users’ mental health. Eighty percent of the information
in each database was used to teach the robot, with the other 20% then used to test its accuracy. (该算法是通过使用
两个数据库进行训练的，这两个数据库包含数千名用户的推特历史记录，以及有关这些用户心理健康的其
他信息。每个数据库中80%的信息用于教授机器人，另外20%用于测试其准确性。)”以及“It then considers
the 38 different data points—such as a user’s use of positive and negative words, the number of friends and followers
they have, and their use of emojis—and makes a decision on that user’s mental and emotional state.(然后，它考虑38
个不同的数据点，如用户对积极和消极词语的使用，他们的朋友和追随者的数量，以及他们对表情符号的
使用，并对用户的心理和情绪状态做出决定。)”可知，第三段主要讲算法系统的训练和工作过程。故选D项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。由文章最后一段“What’s more, the robot can also be used after a post has been made on the public
platforms, potentially allowing employers and other businesses to assess a user’s mental state based on their social
media posts. It could be used for a number of reasons, the researchers say, including the use in emotional analysis,
criminal investigation or employment screening.(此外，该机器人还可以在公共平台上发布帖子后使用，这可
能使雇主和其他企业能够根据用户在社交媒体上的帖子来评估用户的心理状态。研究人员表示，它的使用
可能有很多原因，包括用于情绪分析、刑事调查或就业筛选。)”可知，了解用户心理和情绪状态的实际用
途之一是它可以帮助公司从一些候选人中选择更合适的员工。故选C项。
12. 皖豫联盟2023-2024学年高三毕业班上学期第二次考试
C
According to a new USDA (the U.S. Department of Agriculture) report, U.S. forests could worsen global
warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming
gases as they get older. The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025
and that forests could release up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from decaying (腐烂)trees
go above their carbon absorption. Forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070, the USDA report
says.
The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes,
which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, destroying
its ecosystem and decreasing its ability to absorb carbon, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science
at the American Forest Foundation. Aging forests also contribute. The report found that older, mature trees absorb
less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and U.S. forests are rapidly aging.
This trend is likely to continue, as forests come under increasing threat from climate change and
exploitation(开采).The typical tropical forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s, according to Simon Lewis,
professor in the school of geography at Leeds University. “Humans have been lucky so far, as tropical forests are
cleaning up lots of our pollution, but they can’t keep doing that indefinitely,” he said. “We need to cut down fossil
fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us.”
U.S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U.S. carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year,
equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The loss of forests as naturalcarbon absorbers will require the U.S.to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. “As we work to
decarbonize(碳减排),forests are one of the greatest tools. If we were to lose that tool, it means we will contribute that
much more in emissions,” Riley said.
28. What is the main finding of the report?
A. Forests are suffering from decaying trees.
B. Forests could contribute to global warming.
C. Forests are being destroyed by natural disasters.
D. Forests have become substantial carbon absorbers.
29. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The key role of forests in the ecosystem.
B. The consequences of frequent natural disasters.
C. The impact of rising global temperatures on forests.
D. The reasons for forests’ declining ability to absorb carbon.
30. What is Simon Lewis’ suggestion on addressing the problem?
A. Reducing fossil fuel emissions.
B. Cleaning up decaying trees in time.
C. Planting trees on a large scale.
D. Limiting the exploitation of forests.
31. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A. To offer suggestions on forest management.
B. To stress the significance of forest protection.
C. To present the efforts made to reach net zero.
D. To show the carbon emissions from coal power plants.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国农业部的一份新报告称森林在未来可能会加剧全球变暖，而
非缓解全球变暖，到2070年，森林甚至可能会成为主要的碳排放者。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一句话“According to a new USDA (the U.S. Department of Agriculture) report, U.S.
forests could worsen global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability
to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older.(根据美国农业部（USDA）的一份新报告森林可能会加剧全球变暖，因为它们正在受到自然灾害的破坏，并且随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收导致地球变暖气体
的能力)”可知，该报告的主要发现是森林可能导致全球变暖。故选B。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段内容，结合“The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as
wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise.(碳
吸收的减少部分是由野火、龙卷风和飓风等自然灾害造成的，随着全球气温上升，这些自然灾害的频率和
强度都在增加)”以及“Aging forests also contribute.(森林老化也是原因之一)”可知，本段主要列举了几个导致
森林吸收碳能力减少的原因，如自然灾害、森林老化等。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句话“We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon
cycle starts working against us.(我们需要在全球碳循环开始对我们不利之前减少化石燃料的排放)”可知，
Simon Lewis建议减少化石燃料排放。故选A。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“U.S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U.S. carbon emissions, or 150 million
metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, according to the report. The
loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U.S.to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero. ‘As
we work to decarbonize (碳减排), forests are one of the greatest tools. If we were to lose that tool, it means we will
contribute that much more in emissions,’ Riley said.(根据该港口的数据，美国森林目前吸收了美国11%的碳排
放量，即每年1.5亿吨碳，相当于40座燃煤电厂的总排放量。作为天然碳吸收器的森林的消失将要求美国
更快地减少排放，以达到净零排放。‘在我们努力脱碳的过程中，森林是最伟大的工具之一。如果我们失
去了这个工具，这意味着我们将在排放方面做出更大的贡献，’Riley说)”可知，森林在吸收碳方面起着重
要作用，如果森林消失，意味着对排放量有非常高的要求，故本段主要是在分析森林保护的重要性。故选
B。
13. 河北省保定市金科大联考2023-2024学年高三上学期12月考试
C
A museum in France found out recently that over half of their paintings were fakes (赝品). The museum was
created to show the works of the painter Etienne Terrus, but over 80of 140 paintings were by other people.
Etienne Terrus was born in El ne in 1857, and died there in 1922. Terrus visited Paris, but unlike many other
painters at the time, he did not move there. Instead, he spent a lot of time near El ne and painted scenes from the area.Terrus is important to the people of Elne because of this tie.
The Terrus Museum has been collecting artwork by Terrus for almost 20 years. Most of the art works have been
bought in the last few years. The museum spent about $190,000 to buy paintings, drawings, and watercolours. Some
pieces of art have also been given to the museum.
The museum recently closed for about 4 months while the building was being renovated. As they were getting
ready to re-open the museum, people from the museum asked Eric Forcada to help them figure out how to organize
the paintings.
Mr. Forcada studies art history. As he looked at the works of art that the museum had, it didn’t take him long to
find out that something was wrong. Some paintings didn’t look at all like Terrus’s work or were painted on the wrong
kind of canvas. Some paintings showed buildings that had been built a long time after Mr. Terrus died. Several
paintings had the name of the artist written in ink on the painting. Mr. Forcada said, “On one painting, the ink signature
was wiped away when I passed my white glove over it. Over 80 of 140 paintings were by other people.”
Mr. Forcada says that problems like these are more common for small museums like the Terrus Museum. Unlike
big museums, small ones don’t have enough money to pay experts to check out artwork carefully. The good news for
the Terrus Museum is that experts say that almost 58 of their Terrus paintings are real.
8. Why does Étienne Terrus mean a lot to the people of Elne?
A. He was born there. B. His paintings were breathtaking.
C. He created many works from Elne’s scenes. D. He differs from other painters of his time.
9. How did the museum obtain most of the paintings?
A. They were mainly purchased. B. Some painters donated them.
C. The staff painted them. D. They were renewed from the old ones.
10. What does the underlined word “renovated” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Destroyed. B. Constructed.
C. Moved. D. Repaired.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Etienne Terrus Was a Born Landscape Painter
B. Over Half of a French Museum’s Paintings Are Fakes
C. Some Experts Proved the Art Works Not Real
D. Small Museums Lack Money to Buy Paintings
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了法国一家博物馆最近发现，他们的画作中有一半以上是赝品。该
博物馆是为了展示画家艾蒂安·特鲁斯(Etienne Terrus)的作品而创建的，但140幅作品中有80多幅是其他人
的作品。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Instead, he spent a lot of time near El ne and painted scenes from the area. Terrus is
important to the people of Elne because of this tie. (相反，他花了很多时间在Elne附近，并从该地区绘制场景。
因为这种联系，Terrus对Elne的人民来说很重要。)”可知，Terrus之所以对Elne的人们意义重大，是因为
他创作了许多来自Elne风景的作品。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Most of the art works have been bought in the last few years. The museum spent
about $190,000 to buy paintings, drawings, and watercolours. Some pieces of art have also been given to the
museum. (这些艺术品大多是最近几年买的。博物馆花了大约19万美元购买油画、素描和水彩画。一些艺术
品也被捐赠给了博物馆。)”可知，博物馆大部分画作主要是购买。故选A。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词后句“As they were getting ready to re-open the museum, people from the
museum asked Eric Forcada to help them figure out how to organize the paintings. (当他们准备重新开放博物馆
时，博物馆的人请埃里克·福卡达帮助他们弄清楚如何组织这些画。)”可判断，该博物馆最近关闭了大约4
个月，同时建筑正在进行修缮。所以renovated为“修理；翻新”之意。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A museum in France found out recently that over half of their paintings were fakes
(赝品).(法国一家博物馆最近发现，他们一半以上的画作都是赝品。)”及全文可知，本文介绍的是法国一家
博物馆最近发现，他们的画作中有一半以上是赝品。该博物馆是为了展示画家艾蒂安·特鲁斯(Etienne
Terrus)的作品而创建的，但140幅作品中有80多幅是其他人的作品。B选项（法国一家博物馆一半以上的
画作都是赝品）是文章最好的标题。故选B。
14. 广东省江西省等百师联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期一轮复习联考
C
In an effort to help eco-conscious consumers, a nonprofit group Free-Go in Geneva. Switzerland is making
public fridges available, so restaurant owners, at-home cooks and others can use them to give away food before it
goes bad. It’s part of a bigger effort by communities in Switzerland to do their part for the environment while helpingto cut down on food waste.
The program costs about 840,000 to run each year and enjoys the support from both charity groups and the city
government. It launched a year ago with a single fridge outside a community center in western Geneva and it now
has four fridges, placed around town. A fifth one is planned before year’s end. Passers-by can grab fruit, vegetables,
bread and other food from the fridges to take home for free.
Marine Delevaux is the project’s director. She said the food left in its fridges is generally snapped up within an
hour after delivery. For health and legal reasons, no frozen foods, open food containers, prepared meals, or alcohol
are permitted in the fridges. Contributors of food from the private sector—like restaurants—must promise to ensure
the donated food is safe to eat.
Free-Go is also experimenting with scheduled pickups at apartment buildings to make it easier for residents to
participate in the program. It has also set up a “hotline” that restaurateurs can use to call for getting back unused food.
“Generally, when the food collected from shops and restaurants arrives in the morning, people are already waiting to
help themselves,” Delevaux said, adding that the first Geneva fridge helped save some 3.2 tons of food from going
to waste last year.
Because the food is free, and the donations can change, it’s uncertain what will turn up in the fridges. Some
people receiving food might end up being disappointed.
Cuendet is a 54-year-old teacher. Just after leaving some vegetables that she grew, she said, “We have too much”
and praised the program “because this neighborhood has a lot of need.”
8. What’s the goal of the nonprofit group Free-Go?
A. To enhance communities’ ties. B. To reduce food waste in Geneva.
C. To stress the importance of environment. D. To promote energy-saving fridges.
9. Which of the following can replace the underlined words “snapped up” in paragraph 3?
A. Taken away. B. Eaten up. C. Sought for. D. Charged for.
10. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A. Citizens’ remarks on wasted food.
B. Local restaurants’ new functions.
C. Free-Go’s improvements and contributions.
D. Free-Go’s praise and encouragement for donors.
11. Why may some people be upset about the food?
A. There is a collection of junk food.
B. The taste of food always stays the same.C. Some foods are out of the recommended date.
D. They might not get what they want or need.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是瑞士的一个非营利组织Frce-Go正尝试使用公共冰箱以减少食
物浪费。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It’s part of a bigger effort by communities in Switzerland to do their part for the
environment while helping to cut down on food waste.(这是瑞士社区在帮助减少食物浪费的同时为环境尽一份
力的更大努力的一部分。)”可知，这是瑞士日内瓦社区为环境尽自己的一份力量，同时帮助减少食物浪费
的更大努力的一部分。故选B项。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线短语前后“She said the food left in its fridges is generally(她说留在冰箱的物品一般情
况会被……)”和“within an hour after delivery.(在送货后一个小时内)”可知，此处指的是留在冰箱里的食物通
常在留下后一小时内被……，结合划线短语后的“For health and legal reasons, no frozen foods, open food
containers, prepared meals, or alcohol are permitted in the fridges.(出于健康和法律原因，冰箱里不允许存放冷
冻食品、开放式食品容器、预制食品或酒精。)”可知，在冰箱里存放的食物不能是冷冻食品、开放式食品
容器、预制食品或酒精，以确保食物的安全健康，由此可知推断，因为食物会很快被“取走”，所以不允
许放置冷冻食品、开放式食品容器、预制食品或酒精，故划线短语的意思与“取走”意义相近。故选A项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Free-Go is also experimenting with scheduled pickups at apartment buildings to
make it easier for residents to participate in the program. It has also set up a “hotline” that restauranteurs can use to
call for getting back unused food.(Free-Go也在尝试在公寓楼里安排接送，让居民更容易参与到这个项目中来。
它还设立了一条“热线”，餐馆老板可以利用这条热线打电话取回未食用的食物)”可知，Free-Go 还在尝试在
公寓楼进行定时接送服务，还设立了一条“热线”，这些举措不仅方便了居民，而且减少了食物浪费由此
可推知，本段主要谈论的是Free-Go的改进及贡献。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Because the food is free, and the donations can change, it’s uncertain what will
turn up in the fridges. Some people receiving food might end up being disappointed.(因为食物是免费的，而且捐
赠可以改变，所以不确定冰箱里会有什么。一些收到食物的人最终可能会感到失望。)”可知，食物是免费且捐赠还可以改变，冰箱里有什么不会总是很清楚，由此可知，一些接受食物的人可能无法得到他们想要
或需要的东西。故选D项。
15. 福建省优质名校联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月阶段性检测
C
When a passionate reader closes the covers of a book, she takes a moment or two to emerge from that universe
to the world of the living. Often, a part of the reader stays behind in the bookish universe thinking, “What if Harry
Potter had been sorted into Slytherin? What if Charlie had decided to make noodles in his chocolate factory? What if
Pippi Longstocking’s dad came back from the pirate islands?”
Fanfiction (同人小说) emerges from this rich world of what-ifs. It involves writing extended stories about
literary characters or plots from the universe of books as well as TV and film. However, fanfiction is much more than
an extension of the original. It is a genre (体裁) created by passionate writers. And since young fans are emotionally
invested in the universe of these books, writing fanfiction is a great way to get younger readers to take their first steps
in writing as well as creative expression in the form of any other media.
I see this happening frequently when I’m asked to judge writing competitions in schools. Children write stories
that are most often set in some Western or fantasy land, the characters have names like Julian and Hazel, and there
are plenty of other references that are clearly drawn from the books they have loved. I would initially point these out
and recommend that children draw stories from the reality around them, but I soon stopped. I realized that imitating
our favorite writers is the first step in developing a voice of our own.
And that is where fanfiction becomes the starting point in children’s writing journey. To get them started, as
parents or adults, we can talk to children about the books they love, question them with what-ifs and encourage them
to voice their views through writing. Once they finish their writing, encourage them to share it with other fans.
Fanfiction writers share their work on online writing communities like Fanfiction.net, Archive of Our Own (AO3),
Commaful, etc.
8. What are the questions in paragraph 1 about?
A. Some good fanfiction ideas. B. Readers’ doubts about fanfiction.
C. Some much-debated fiction stories. D. The author’s adaptations of her favorite books.
9. How does creating fanfiction affect the young according to the author?
A. It inspires them to write more. B. It reduces their addiction to social media.
C. It is a way of expressing their bad emotions. D. It encourages them to challenge the classics.
10. What does the author find about the students when judging writing competitions in schools?A. They create very similar plots. B. They write a lot about their daily life.
C. They base their stories on other books. D. They name their characters after themselves.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly focus on?
A. Benefits of kids voicing their views. B. Quality ways of parent-child reading.
C. Recommended online writing communities.D. Tips for introducing fanfiction writing to kids.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了同人小说这一文学体裁，表明激励孩子创作同人小说可以帮助他
们进行创造性的表达，引导他们开启写作之旅，并提供了如何对孩子进行引导的建议。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Often, a part of the reader stays behind in the bookish universe thinking, “What if
Harry Potter had been sorted into Slytherin? What if Charlie had decided to make noodles in his chocolate factory?
What if Pippi Longstocking’s dad came back from the pirate islands?” (通常，一部分读者会沉浸在书里世界的
思维里，想着：“如果哈利波特被分到斯莱特林会怎么样？如果查理决定在他的巧克力工厂做面条呢？如
果长袜子皮皮的爸爸从海盗岛回来呢？”)”和第二段中“Fanfiction (同人小说) emerges from this rich world of
what-ifs. It involves writing extended stories about literary characters or plots from the universe of books as well as
TV and film. (同人小说诞生于这个丰富的假设世界。它包括从书籍、电视和电影中撰写关于文学人物或情
节的延伸故事)”可知，这些问题是读者读完书后，基于书中的内容想出来的点子，这些点子可以催生出同
人小说。因此，这些问题是一些不错的同人小说的想法。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“And since young fans are emotionally invested in the universe of these books, writing
fanfiction is a great way to get younger readers to take their first steps in writing as well as creative expression in the
form of any other media. (由于年轻的粉丝们在这些书的世界里投入了感情，写同人小说是让年轻读者迈出写
作第一步的好方法，也是用其他媒介形式进行创造性表达的好方法)”可知，作者认为创作同人小说可以帮
助年轻人开启写作之旅，激励他们写更多的东西。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“I see this happening frequently when I’m asked to judge writing competitions in
schools. Children write stories that are most often set in some Western or fantasy land, the characters have names like
Julian and Hazel, and there are plenty of other references that are clearly drawn from the books they have loved. (当我被
要求在学校写作比赛中担任评委时，我经常看到这种情况发生。孩子们写的故事大多发生在西方或奇幻世
界，人物有着像朱利安和黑兹尔这样的名字，还有很多其他的引文显然是从他们喜欢的书中提取出来的)”可知，作者发现学生们的故事常常取材于别的书。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“To get them started, as parents or adults, we can talk to children about the books
they love, question them with what-ifs and encourage them to voice their views through writing. Once they finish
their writing, encourage them to share it with other fans. Fanfiction writers share their work on online writing
communities like Fanfiction.net, Archive of Our Own (AO3), Commaful, etc. (为了让他们开始，作为父母或成
年人，我们可以和孩子们谈论他们喜欢的书，用假设来问他们，鼓励他们通过写作表达自己的观点。一旦
他们写完，鼓励他们与其他粉丝分享。同人小说作家在Fanfiction.net、Archive of Our Own、Commaful等在
线写作社区分享他们的作品)”可知，本段主要介绍了如何帮助孩子开启同人小说的写作之旅，提供了具体
的建议以及有用的分享途径。故选D项。
