专题03.阅读理解C篇（说明文为主）（解析版）_英语(2)_专项复习_2024年_2024届名校区域大联考英语试题精选集锦_资料_1-资料

2024 届全国名校区域大联考高三英语试题精选集锦（第五期）
专题 03： 阅读理解 C 篇（说明文为主）
编者按： 遴选全国各地近期区域大联考试题，精心编辑，排版整齐。
目 录
1. (T8联考)八省八校2024届高三第一次学业质量评价英语试题
2. 广东省金太阳2023-2024学年高三上学期百校联考英语试题
3. 江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三上学期12月大联考
4. 江苏省盐城市联盟校2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次联考
5. 浙江省强基联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月联考
6. 浙江省新阵地教育联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次联考
7. 浙江省教改共同体2023-2024学年高三上学期1月联考
8. 河北省沧衡名校联盟 2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题
9. 河北省省级联测考试2023-2024学年高三上学期12月试题
10. 山东省新高考联合质量测评2023-2024学年高三12月大联考
11. 河南省南阳市TOP20联考2023-2024学年高三上学期1月月考
12. 河南箐师联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月质量检测考试题
13. 安徽省皖东十校联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期第三次月考
14. 湖北省宜荆荆随恩2023-2024学年高三上学期1月联考英语试题
15. 湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次联合测评
16. 2024届 重庆市 缙云教育联盟 高三上学期一模英语试题
17. 辽宁省联考2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题
18. 浙江省县域教研联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题
1. (T8联考)八省八校2024届高三第一次学业质量评价英语试题
C
Carl Wieman, a Nobel Prize- winning physicist at Stanford University, excelled in the lab, where he created the
Bose- Einstein condensate(玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态). However, his mastery in the lab did not extend to the classroom.
For years, he wrestled with what seemed to be a straightforward task: making undergraduates comprehend physics
as he did. Laying it out for them- explaining, even demonstrating the core concepts of the discipline- was not working.
Despite his clear explanations, his students' capacity to solve the problems he posed to them remained inadequate.
It was in an unexpected place that he found the key to the problem: not in his classrooms but among the graduate
students(研究生) who came to work in his lab. When his PH. D. candidates entered the lab, Wieman noticed, their
habits of thought were no less narrow and rigid than the undergraduates. Within a year or two, however, these same
graduate students transformed into the flexible thinkers he was trying so earnestly, and unsuccessfully, to cultivate.“Some kind of intellectual process must have been missing from the traditional education," Wieman recounts.
A major factor in the graduate students' transformation, Wieman concluded, was their experience of intense
social engagement around a body of knowledge- the hours they spent advising, debating with, and recounting
anecdotes to one another. In 2019, a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences backed
this idea.Tracking the intellectual advancement of several hundred graduate students in the sciences over the course
of four years, its authors found that the development of crucial skills such as generating hypotheses(假设), designing
experiments, and analyzing data was closely related to the students' engagement with their peers in the lab, rather
than the guidance they received from their faculty mentors(导师).
Wieman is one of a growing number of Stanford professors who are bringing this “active learning” approach to
their courses. His aspiration is to move science education away from the lecture format, toward a model that is more
active and more engaged.
28. What problem did Carl Wieman have with his undergraduates?
A. Making them excel in the lab. B. Demonstrating lab experiments.
C. Facilitating their all-round development. D. Enhancing their physics problem-solving.
29. Which of the following best describes the graduate students who first joined Wieman's lab?
A. Limited in thinking. B. Resistant to new ideas. C. Flexible and earnest. D. Experienced and
cooperative.
30. What is crucial for developing students' intelligent thought according to the 2019 study?
A. Intense lab work. B. Peer pressure and evaluation.
C. Academic interaction with fellows. D. Engagement with external society.
31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Transforming Graduates' Habits B. Carl Wieman's Nobel Prize Journey
C. The Nobel-Prize Winner's Struggles D. Carl Wieman's Education Innovation
[C 篇大意]本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与社会。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔物理学奖获得者 Carl
Wieman试图帮助本科学生提高解决问题.的能力而进行的教学创新。这位斯坦福大学的教授通过观察他的
研究生,发现促进他们思维能力提升的主要因素是围绕知识体系进行的密集的学术交流。于是,越来越多的
教授在课程教学中采用这种方法,将科学教育从传统的讲座形式转向一种更积极、更投入的模式。
28.D[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句“Despite its clear explanations, his students' capacity to solve
the problems he posed to them remained inadequate.”可知.他的学生(本科生)仍然无法提高解决他提出的问题的
能力。
29.A [解析]细 节理解题。根据第二段中的“- their habits of thought were no less narrow and rigid than theundergraduates."可知,他们(研究生)的思维习惯和本科生--样狭隘僵化.
30.C[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “the development of crucial skills such as was closely related to the
students' engagement with their peers in the lab"可知, 2019年的研究发现学生关键思维能力的发展和在实验室
里与同龄人的学术交流密切相关。
31.D [解析]标题归纳题。 文章第一段是讲Carl Wieman在教学中发现学生的思维能力和解决问题的能力较
差;第二、三段关于他如何找到的解决方案一在实验室的研究生身上发现思维能力的提升关键是和同伴进行
的学术交流。第四段是结果--越来越多的教授们在课程教学中采用积极学习的模式。因此, D项“Carl
Wieman的教育创新”可作为本文的最佳标题。
2. 广东省金太阳2023-2024学年高三上学期百校联考英语试题
C
Bringing species like beavers(河狸)back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to
criticism from wildlife groups.
A recent report shows that one n six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation
organizations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change.
In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country's
reduced biodiversity.
Despite the government allowing this, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concluded in July
that there was an absence of long-term plans on how to manage this. In response, the government has now said that
the "reintroduction of species is not a priority".
The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. The government's
environment department has come under scrutiny(详细审查)for not doing more to prevent sewage dumping and
other forms of pollution in England's waterways.
Sir Robert Goodwill, chair of the Committee, said he was disappointed with the government response. Bringing
back extinct species is a controversial issue- although farmers and landowners appear broadly supportive, there are
risks of reintroducing new species, and without clear guidance, problems could arise.
A recent study showed that river barriers similar to those built by beavers can protect communities at risk of
flooding. But there have also been cases documented in Europe where beavers have built their dams in places that
have damaged crops and changed rivers.
Joan Edwards, director of Policy &Public Affairs at The Wildlife Trusts said, “Reintroducing wildlife must bepart of the UK government's arsenal(武器)for tackling nature loss and climate change- -it is astonishing there is no
strategy for doing so.”
“The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife
including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns
and villages,” she said.
28. What does paragraph 2 want to convey?
A. The situation of species in the UK Severe.
B. Reintroduction of species in the UK is not a priority.
C. Expansions in farming have a great effect on climate change.
D. The UK government's response to reduced biodiversity is disappointing.
29.How did the UK government plan to increase biodiversity?
A. By restoring habitat. B. By offering guidance. C. By expanding farming. D. By developing
strategy.
30. What did Joan Edwards think of reintroduction of wildlife?
A. It was messy. B. It was controversial. C. It was beneficial. D. It was costly.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The advantages of reintroducing wildlife. B. The responses to a government statement.
C. The effects of climate change on farming. D. The approaches to increasing biodiversity.
28—31 AACB
C 篇：本文是一篇说明文。是否恢复灭绝物种是一个有争议的问题。最近英国发出的一份声明就引起了争
议。
28.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，此段主要介绍了英国物种多样性的现状。从介绍来看，形势
严峻。29.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，政府表示，其重点是通过恢复栖息地来增加生
物多样性。30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，Joan Edwards 认为重新引进野生动物是英国
政府应对自然丧失和气候变化的武器。重新引进野生动物是有好处的。
31.B【解析】主旨大意题。是否恢复灭绝物种是一个有争议的问题。最近英国发出的一份声明就引起了争
议。社会各界对政府的这份声明做出了不同的反应。
3. 江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三上学期12月大联考
C
Scientists already knew that gulls (海鸥) prefer food that has been touched by people, but it was unclear howwell they could draw on their observations of snacking humans to find similar bits of food while foraging (觅食).
In the latest work, Feist, a biologist at the University of Sussex and her colleagues taped green (salt and vinegar)
and blue (cheese and onion) packets of crisps to bricks and placed them a few metres from gulls on an otherwise clear
patch of Brighton beach. The scientists then backed 5 metres and filmed the birds’ behaviour. In some cases, the
researchers simply looked at the camera, while in others they pecked (啄) a green or blue bag of crisps.
When the scientists sat quietly without snacking, less than a fifth of gulls approached the crisp packets placed
nearby. But when the researchers were snacking on crisps, 48% of the birds hopped over to check out the packets.
Nearly 40% of such approaches ended with gulls pecking at the crisp packets, and of these, 95% were directed at the
same colour packet as the scientist was eating from. “It is impressive because the evolutionary history of gulls
wouldn’t have involved humans,” said Feist.
The work suggests that there is work to do to reduce tension between humans and urban gulls. The impact of
“do not feed the birds” signs might, for example, be improved by adding “…and don’t let them see you eat, either”.
“It is likely that simply stopping the public from directly feeding gulls may not be enough,” Feist said. “They
are still able to observe what we eat and that would inform their ability to target waste, litter and so on.”
Dr Goumas, an expert on gulls at Exeter University, said: “This study shows that we aren’t only drawing gulls’
attention to where food is, but they also learn about the type of food we’re eating. Knowing this may have implications
for how we reduce negative interactions between humans and gulls, as we seem to be unconsciously teaching gulls
to explore new food items.”
28. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The methods of observation. B. The process of Feist’s work.
C. The eating behaviour of gulls. D. The underlying logic of Feist’s work.
29. What can we learn from Feist’s work?
A. There is no need to feed urban gulls.
B. Gulls can distinguish between crisps.
C. Humans are crucial in gulls’ evolution.
D. Gulls choose what to eat by watching humans.
30. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. Behaviour of humans.
B. Gulls’ foraging choices.
C. Ban on people feeding gulls.
D. Gulls’ observations of snacking humans.31. What does Dr Goumas think of the research result?
A. It is of some value. B. It is highly profitable.
C. It takes ages to test it. D. It needs to be practical.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，海鸥有能力观察人类的食物偏好，并利用这些信息找到类似
的食物。文章认为，这表明需要采取措施避免人类和海鸥之间的紧张关系。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“In the latest work, Feist, a biologist at the University of Sussex and her colleagues taped
green (salt and vinegar) and blue (cheese and onion) packets of crisps to bricks and placed them a few metres from
gulls on an otherwise clear patch of Brighton beach. The scientists then backed 5 metres and filmed the birds’
behaviour. In some cases, the researchers simply looked at the camera, while in others they pecked (啄) a green or
blue bag of crisps. (在最新的研究中，萨塞克斯大学的生物学家费斯特和她的同事们把绿色(盐和醋)和蓝色(奶
酪和洋葱)的薯片包粘在砖头上，然后把它们放在离海鸥几米远的布莱顿海滩上。科学家们退后 5米，拍摄
了这些鸟的行为。在一些情况下，研究人员只是看着相机，而在另一些情况下，他们啄着绿色或蓝色的薯
片袋。)”可知，本段主要描述并介绍了研究的具体开展过程。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“But when the researchers were snacking on crisps, 48% of the birds hopped over to
check out the packets. Nearly 40% of such approaches ended with gulls pecking at the crisp packets, and of these,
95% were directed at the same colour packet as the scientist was eating from. (但是当研究人员吃薯片的时候，48%
的鸟会跳过去查看包装。近40%的这种方法最终以海鸥啄食薯片包装袋告终，其中95%的海鸥啄食的是与
科学家吃的相同颜色的包装袋。)”可知，通过研究发现5%的海鸥啄食的是与科学家吃的相同颜色的包装袋
即海鸥通过观察人类来选择吃什么。故选D。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“They are still able to observe what we eat (它们仍然能够观察我们吃什
么)”可知，此处指海鸥能够观察到人们吃什么，这将告知它们区分废物、垃圾。因此划线词指代的是“海
鸥观察人类零食的行为”。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Knowing this may have implications for how we reduce negative interactions
between humans and gulls, as we seem to be unconsciously teaching gulls to explore new food items. (了解这一点
可能会对我们如何减少人类与海鸥之间的负面互动产生影响，因为我们似乎在无意识地教会海鸥探索新的食物。)”可知，Dr Goumas认为通过该研究发现可能会对我们如何减少人类与海鸥之间的负面互动产生影响
故推测Dr Goumas认为该研究是有价值的。故选A。
4. 江苏省盐城市联盟校2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次联考
C
Photosynthesis (光合作用) is a unique skill of green plants — they turn water and carbon dioxide into oxygen
and food via sunlight. A group of Chinese scientists, however, “copied” the process on animals.
To understand the new breakthrough, it is important to know how photosynthesis works. Plants take in carbon
dioxide and water from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized. This transforms the water into
oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose (葡萄糖). The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air and stores
energy within the glucose molecules. In the study, the researchers from Zhejiang University developed an independent
and controllable photosynthetic system, according to the study published in Nature in early December, 2022.
They separated thylakoids (类囊体), a part of the cell where light reactions take place in plants, from young
spinach leaves. The scientists then wrapped the thylakoids with the cover of animal cells, which made the implanted
thylakoids more acceptable to foreign bodies. The mice used in the study were suffering from arthritis, meaning cells
in their cartilage had degenerated and could not be repaired by themselves. With the thylakoids implanted into the
mice and exposed to light, the mice recovered. Their metabolism returned to normal.
In arthritis, the patients usually have energy loss since fewer energy-carrying molecules are generated. The
implant, however, can correct the imbalance by storing more energy via photosynthesis. The researchers also claimed
that their tests would have medical usage.
It can be used as part of the solution for degenerative diseases because the natural photosynthesis system may
repair cells. It may also delay the aging process in cells. The study showed “an exciting achievement that opens up
possibilities of metabolism engineering,” commented one of the paper’s reviewers Francisco Cejudo from the
University of Seville in Spain, reported Xinhua.
28. What is mainly mentioned in the paragraph 2?
A. The theory behind the experiment. B. The background of the experiment.
C. The procedures of the experiment. D. The effects of the experiment.
29. According to the passage, what is the following information true?
A. A group of Chinese scientists copied the photosynthesis of animals on plants.
B. The place in which the plant stores energy is thylakoids.
C. The thylakoids wrapped by animal cells make itself accepted with ease by foreign bodies.D. This therapy has been used as part of the solution for degenerative diseases.
30. What is the attitude of a commentator towards the existing studies about the study?
A. Cautious. B. Approving. C. Doubtful. D. Uncertain.
31. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Effective Photosynthesis.
B. Breakthroughs made by a group of Chinese scientists.
C. Chinese scientists who copied Photosynthesis on animals.
D. Chinese scientists copied Photosynthesis on animals.
.
【答案】28 A 29. C 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了一个中国科学团队在动物身上“复制”了植物所特有的光合作用
的全过程。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A group of Chinese scientists, however, ”copied” the process on animals.( 然而，
一群中国科学家在动物身上“复制”了这一过程。)”及第二段“To understand the new breakthrough, it is
important to know how photosynthesis works Plants take in carbon dioxide and water from the air and soil. Within
the plant cell, the water is oxidized. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose (葡
萄糖). The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air and stores energy within the glucose molecules. In the
study, the researchers from Zhejiang University developed an independent and controllable photosynthetic system,
according to the study published in Nature in early December, 2022. (为了理解这一新的突破，了解光合作用是
如何工作的是很重要的。植物从空气和土壤中吸收二氧化碳和水。在植物细胞内，水被氧化。这个过程将
水转化为氧气，将二氧化碳转化为葡萄糖。然后，植物将氧气释放回空气中，并将能量储存在葡萄糖分子
中。根据2022年12月初发表在《自然》杂志上的研究报告，在这项研究中，浙江大学的研究人员开发了
一种独立可控的光合系统。)”可知，第二段提到这个实验背后的理论——光合作用,科学家们将这一理论用
在动物身上的。故选A项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“The scientists then wrapped the thylakoids with the cover of animal cells, which
made the implanted thylakoids more acceptable to foreign bodies.( 然后，科学家们用动物细胞包裹类囊体，这
使得植入的类囊体更容易被异物接受。)”可知，被动物细胞包裹的类囊体使自己很容易被异物接受。故选
C。
【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The study showed “an exciting achievement that opens up possibilities of
metabolism engineering,” commented one of the paper’s reviewers Francisco Cejudo from the University of Seville
in Spain, reported Xinhua.( 据新华社报道，来自西班牙塞维利亚大学的论文审稿人Francisco Cejudo评论说，
这项研究显示了“一项令人兴奋的成就，开辟了代谢工程的可能性”。)”可推断，这位评论员认为这项成
就是令人兴奋的，开辟了代谢工程的可能性，因此推断他是赞赏的。故选B。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“A group of Chinese scientists, however, “copied” the process on animals.( 然而，
一组中国科学家在动物身上“复制”了这一过程。)”以及下文内容可知，本文讲述了一个中国科学团队在动
物身上“复制”了植物所特有的光合作用的全过程，并提到了光合作用运用到动物、人类身上的好处以及
该研究对医疗、代谢方面的意义。故选D。
5. 浙江省强基联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月联考
C
Can humans really understand what animals are saying, or are we just barking up the wrong tree?
“Artificial intelligence (AI) holds the key to unlocking the fascinating insights. Beyond creating chatbots that
charm people, machine learning may soon make it possible to decode (解码) animal calls,” says Raskin, co-founder
of the nonprofit Earth Species Project. It’s developing AI models that imitate a variety of species, aiming to have
“conversations” with animals. Its team is collecting diverse data from various species and building machine-learning
models for analysis. Project CETI (鲸类动物翻译计划) focuses on understanding a particular species, in this case
the sperm whale.
Sperm whales have complex social groups. When a familiar young male rejoined his family, researchers seized
the chance to record their sounds. For two decades, scientists documented two sperm whale groups, capturing their
clicking sounds. After manually decoding some sounds, they turned to AI for faster translation. Using a neural (神
经的) network, the team trained it to discern individual whales from a subset of sounds. Next, their ambitious goal
is to train a computer to speak whale.
As tech advances, the door has been opened to using machine learning to decode unfamiliar languages. It’s
found that AI tools have practical value beyond research. Translating animal sounds aids endangered species. Scientists
study caged birds’ calls to grasp sound changes, explaining difficulties in reintroduction. Machine learning decodes
pets’ signals like barks and facial expressions. Raskin’s AI model translates dogs’ expressions, revealing their
surprising capabilities to owners. Additionally, it helps predict pig emotions based on their sounds, enhancing animalwelfare. Advancements deepen our understanding of animals.
Now enthusiastic scientists are committed to open-source data and model sharing. “Every time you invent a
technology, you also invent a responsibility,” Raskin says. “Designing a ‘whale chatbot’ demands we imagine an
animal’s experience. The true value of any language is that it helps us relate to others.”
28. What is the purpose of the Earth Species Project?
A. To gather vast data with a computer.
B. To create chatbots that imitate animals.
C. To understand animal languages using AI.
D. To study the social behavior of sperm whales.
29. What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Train. B. Recognize. C. Record. D. Protect.
30. How do AI tools provide practical value in deepening our insights into animals?
A. By translating animals’ calls and looks. B. By advancing animal well-being.
C. By reintroducing endangered species. D. By studying animals’ negative emotions.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Lost in Translation? Not with AI
B. A Future of Chatting with Animals
C. Whales SOS: Human-AI Unite for Miracles
D. Practical Value of Machine Learning Models
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了非营利机构Earth Species Project利用人工智能工具解码动物语言，
加深人类对动物的理解和共情。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s developing AI models that imitate a variety of species, aiming to have
‘conversations’ with animals.（该公司正在开发模仿各种物种的人工智能模型，旨在与动物“对话”。)”可知
其目的是用人工智能来理解动物的语言。故选C。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Sperm whales have complex social groups. ...For two decades, scientists
documented two sperm whale groups, capturing their clicking sounds. After manually decoding some sounds, they
turned to AI for faster translation. ...individual whales from a subset of sounds. Next, their ambitious goal is to traina computer to speak whale.(抹香鲸有复杂的社会群体。……二十年来，科学家们记录了两个抹香鲸群，捕捉
到它们的咔哒声。在手动解码一些声音后，他们转向人工智能来加快翻译速度。……从声音子集中（）单
个鲸鱼。接下来，他们雄心勃勃的目标是训练一台计算机说鲸鱼语。)”可知，该团队利用AI来将个体抹香
鲸(的声音)与一个子集的声音分辨开来，由此可知，discern意为“识别”，与B项“Recognize”意思接近。
故选B项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Machine learning decodes pets’ signals like barks and facial expressions.(机器
学习可以解码宠物的吠叫和面部表情等信号。)”可知，AI工具能为加深我们对动物的认知提供实际价值，
其背后的机制是破译动物的语言信号，如叫声和面部表情。故选A。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段““Artificial intelligence (AI) holds the key to unlocking the fascinating insights.
Beyond creating chatbots that charm people, machine learning may soon make it possible to decode (解码) animal
calls,” says Raskin, co-founder of the nonprofit Earth Species Project. It’s developing AI models that imitate a variety
of species, aiming to have “conversations” with animals.(“人工智能(AI)掌握着打开这些迷人洞见的钥匙。除了
创造吸引人的聊天机器人，机器学习可能很快就能解码动物的叫声，”非营利性地球物种项目的联合创始
人拉斯金说。该公司正在开发模仿各种物种的人工智能模型，旨在与动物“对话”。)”以及通读全文可知，
文章讲述了非营利机构Earth Species Project利用人工智能工具解码动物语言，加深人类对动物的理解和共
情。由此可知，B项“A Future of Chatting with Animals（与动物聊天的未来）”是合适的标题。故选B。
6. 浙江省新阵地教育联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次联考
C
After COVID-19, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that while the number of nurses has increased in the
past three years, the U.S. still experiences a shortage of registered nurses, and that there will be over one million
unfilled nursing jobs. So what’s the solution? Robots.
Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed
Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve
records. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospital.
Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself
doesn’t have to engage directly — it can serve as a mediator for human communication. Telepresence robots such as
MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family membersor doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them. If you can’t get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can
use a telepresence robot to hang out with her.
A robot’s appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the Human-Interactive
Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RIBA, also known as “Robear,”
can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms.
On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which has such resilient skin and natural hair color that
some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which
allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions.
It’s important to note that robotic nurses don’t decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses. Instead, they
perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry
where it seems the integration of robots will lead to cooperation, not replacement.
28. What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Take the lead. B. Reach the standard.
C. Set a record. D. Miss a turn.
29. Telepresence robots may serve their right purposes in hospital when ______.
A. they collect medical records for patients
B. they deliver food to clinical doctors
C. they move the mobility-disabled patients
D. they assist doctors with long-distance diagnoses
30. What is the distinctive attraction of Actroid F?
A. Its scary arm strength. B. Its adorable appearance.
C. Its human-like voice. D. Its proper interactive response.
31. What is the suitable title for the passage?
A. Robots — the future replacement of nurses
B. Robots — the earth-shaking reform in hospitals
C. Robots — a good supplement to nurses
D. Robots — a new way to treat patients
【答案】28. A 29. D 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在未来，由于护士短缺，机器人将成为医疗领域的趋势，日本已
经开发出了多款功能各异的医疗机器人，机器人将主要用于完成一些日常的重复性工作，从而减轻护士的负担，向患者提供更好的服务。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“After COVID-19, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that while the number of
nurses has increased in the past three years, the U.S. still experiences a shortage of registered nurses, and that there
will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs. So what’s the solution? Robots.(在2019冠状病毒病之后，美国劳
工统计局预测，虽然护士人数在过去三年中有所增加，但美国仍然面临注册护士短缺的问题，将有超过
100万个护士职位空缺。那么解决方案是什么呢？)”及划线词组下文“Toyohashi University of Technology has
developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can deliver medicines and other items.(日本丰桥工业大学开发了一
款机器人医疗车Terapio，可以运送药品和其他物品)”可知，在使用机器人补充护士短缺问题上，日本走在
了前面。由此可知，划线词组ahead of the curve与A选项“Taking the lead(领先)”同义。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through
a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype (网
络电话) them. (像MantaroBot ，Vgo和Giraff这样的远程呈现机器人可以通过电脑、智能手机或平板电脑进
行控制，允许家庭成员或医生远程检查患者)”可推知，远程呈现机器人在医院协助医生进行远程诊断时，
可能会达到正确的目的。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow
it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. (这个会说话的机
器人伴侣的眼睛里有摄像头，可以跟踪病人，并在互动中使用适当的面部表情和肢体语言)”可推知，
Android F的特别吸引人之处在于其适当的互动反应。故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“After COVID-19, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that while the number of
nurses has increased in the past three years, the U.S. still experiences a shortage of registered nurses, and that there
will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs. So what’s the solution? Robots.(在2019冠状病毒病之后，美国劳
工统计局预测，虽然护士人数在过去三年中有所增加，但美国仍然面临注册护士短缺的问题，将有超过
100万个护士职位空缺。那么解决方案是什么呢？)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述的是文章介绍了在
未来，由于护士短缺，机器人将成为医疗领域的趋势，日本已经开发出了多款功能各异的医疗机器人，包
括可以进行巡逻的Terapio、可以帮助病人的Robear和外表逼真的会交流的机器人Actroid F等。机器人将
主要用于完成一些日常的重复性工作，从而减轻护士的负担，向患者提供更好的服务。由此可知，C选项“Robots — a good supplement to nurses(机器人——护士的良好补充)”概括文章主要内容，符合文章标题。
故选C。
7. 浙江省教改共同体2023-2024学年高三上学期1月联考
C
For years, communities around Kenya’s Tsavo National Park have been troubled by elephants straying (走失)
into their farms and homes. Residents are caught unawares whenever the huge creatures turn up in their villages,
hurting people and destroying things.
Four Kenyan teens, Sandra Lukindo, Joyce Moto, Nancy Wairimu and Macrin a Antonia, came up with a solar-
powered sensor kit to alert (使戒备) the authorities to stray elephants.These four youngsters won the Startup Africa
Competition and are now taking the global scene by storm.
The device is an integration of motion sensors and the Global System for Mobile communication with the ability
to send strong signals and raise alarms once an elephant is on the way to a village. “It has a red light, which indicates
that power is on. A sensor set to track an elephant passing about 180m away raises a siren (警报器), which alerts both
the community and KenyaWildlife Service (KWS) officials through a short message service,” Wairimu said.
“This device will take care of both the elephants and the community. The number of elephants being killed
secretly keeps increasing,” Antonia said. She cited research showing that KWS struggles to deal with illegal hunters
in the vast park.
George Nagwala, KWS assistant director, said the creation is an effective way of solving the human-wildlife
conflict, “We are happy because the community is getting a unique way of dealing with this problem, even as our
officers work around the clock to safeguard wildlife and the community,” Nagwala said. The wildlife service is
currently using radio collars to map out the elephants’ migratory routes and identify how far they travel in search of
water and vegetation.
8. What has been a long-term headache for residents near Tsavo National Park?
A. Their villages being crowded with visitors.
B. Their houses being destroyed by storms often.
C. Their daily lives being impacted by stray elephants.
D. Their farmland being taken up to make room for the park.
9. Why does Wairimu say the words in Paragraph 3?
A. To discuss the wide application of their device.
B. To explain what inspired their invention.C. To demonstrate how their device works.
D. To introduce the elephants they have spotted.
10. How might the device benefit KWS according to Antonia?
A. It can help fight illegal elephant hunting.
B. It can replace the old-fashioned radio collars.
C. It can map out the elephants’ migratory routes.
D. It can offer a cheap way of driving elephants away.
11. What is Nagwala’s attitude to the device?
A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Doubtful. D. Neutral.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数年来肯尼亚察沃国家公园附近的居民深受公园里走失的大象的困
扰，人象冲突愈演愈烈。四名肯尼亚少年发明的智能装置能监测大象的走失情况，并通知附近居民和肯尼
亚野生生物服务署的相关官员进行及时应对。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“For years, communities around Kenya’s Tsavo National Park have been troubled by
elephants straying into their farms and homes. Residents are caught unawares whenever the huge creatures turn up
in their villages, hurting people and destroying things.(多年来，肯尼亚察沃国家公园周围的社区一直受到大象
闯入他们农场和家园的困扰。每当这些巨大的生物出现在他们的村庄里，伤害人和破坏东西时，居民们都
会措手不及)”可知，数年来察沃国家公园附近的居民深受公园里走失的大象的困扰，这些大象走进他们的
村庄，伤及村民，破坏财产。即当地居民的日常生活受到了流浪大象的影响。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段Wairimu所说“It has a red light, which indicates that power is on. A sensor set to track
an elephant passing about 180m away raises a siren (警报器), which alert s both the community and KenyaWildlife
Service(KWS) officials through a short message service(它有一个红灯，这表明电源是开着的。一个用来追踪
180米外大象的传感器会发出警报，通过短信服务向社区和肯尼亚野生动物管理局(KWS)官员发出警报)”可
知，Wairimu具体解释了该装置的工作原理。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段最后一句“She cited research showing that KWS struggles to deal with illegal hunters in
the vast park.(她引用了一项研究，该研究表明，在这个庞大的公园里KWS艰难地对付非法猎人)”及第五段
“George Nagwala, KWS assistant director, said the creation is an effective way of solving the human-wildlifeconflict(George Nagwala，KWS助理总监，说这一发明是解决人类与野生动物冲突的有效方法)”可知，该装
置能够帮助肯尼亚野生生物服务署打击非法狩猎。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段中“We are happy because the community is getting a unique way of dealing with this
problem, even as our officers work around the clock to safeguard wildlife and the community(我们很高兴，因为
社区得到了一种独特的方法来处理这个问题，我们的工作人员昼夜不停地保护野生动物和社区)”推知，
Nagwala对该装置持肯定态度。故选B项。
8. 河北省沧衡名校联盟 2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题
C
Think of your most prized possession. Now, imagine you decide you must sell this item. How much is it worth
to you? How much would you charge for it? And would anyone else want to buy it at that price?
Let’s consider the real-world example of a yard sale. Before your neighbors come to look at your things, you
must first decide on the prices for them. For you, each item has a story, and some items may even evoke strong
emotions.
Let’s say you’re selling a pair of special edition sports shoes that you took care of and really enjoyed wearing
on special occasions. With these sweet memories in mind, you put a price tag of $130 on the shoes. However, a
customer offers $50 for them. You think, “How could they not see how special and valuable these are?”
In financial transactions like this, sellers often believe their own items are worth more than what buyers are
willing to pay. This occurs because buyers do not have the seller’s experiences with and emotional attachment to the
items. Buyers want a good deal, and they’re not willing to pay what the seller is asking for.
This negotiation process can even feel a little painful for the seller—over losing something and the buyer not
valuing it as much. Economists suggest this dynamic occurs through the endowment effect (禀赋效应)—people’s
tendency to value things they own more highly than they would if they did not own them. The endowment effect can
take hold anytime we feel a sense of ownership over a product, and it can happen quickly.
As the saying goes, “Emotions gel the best of us.” There is nothing wrong with being proud of owning things
and treasuring your experiences with them. But when you consider selling a prized possession, think about whether
you’re fully ready to part with il. The past is the past, though. Removing your emotional attachment to material
possessions can help you make more accurate assessments of how much your items are truly worth.
8. What does the underlined word “evoke” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Advocate. B. Cause. C. Identify. D. Control.9. What makes you put a price tag of $130 on your shoes according to paragraph3?
A. Your fondness for the shoes. B. Your ignorance of the market.
C. The high quality of the shoes. D. The special function of the shoes.
10. Which can best illustrate the result of endowment effect?
A. One likes collecting old things.
B. One tends to buy expensive goods.
C. One offers a lower price when shopping.
D. One charges a higher-than-usual price for something.
11. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To make a suggestion. B. To introduce a theory.
C. To analyze a phenomenon. D. To provide some evidence.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“禀赋效应”的现象，并建议消除对物质财富的情感依恋，更
准确地评估物品的价值。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“For you, each item has a story(对你来说，每件物品都有一个故事)”和下文的
emotions可知，此处是指一些物品可能会“唤起”一些情感，所以推知划线词是“引起、唤起”的意思。
故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Let’s say you’re selling a pair of special edition sports shoes that you took care of
and really enjoyed wearing on special occasions. With these sweet memories in mind, you put a price tag of $130 on
the shoes.(假设你正在销售一双特别版的运动鞋，你很喜欢在特殊场合穿它。带着这些甜蜜的回忆，你给这
双鞋标上了130美元的价格。)”可知，你对这双鞋的喜爱让你给这双鞋贴上了130美元的价格标签。故选
A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Economists suggest this dynamic occurs through the endowment effect (禀
赋效应)—people’s tendency to value things they own more highly than they would if they did not own them.(经济
学家认为，这种动态是通过禀赋效应发生的——人们倾向于认为自己拥有的东西比自己没有拥有的东西更
有价值。)”可知，一个人对某物收取比平常更高的价格，最能说明禀赋效应的结果。故选D项。
【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The past is the past, though. Removing your emotional attachment to material
possessions can help you make more accurate assessments of how much your items are truly worth.(不过，过去的
就让它过去吧。消除对物质财富的情感依恋可以帮助你更准确地评估你的物品到底值多少钱。)”可知，最
后一段的目的是提出建议。故选A项。
9. 河北省省级联测考试2023-2024学年高三上学期12月试题
C
With kids going back to school, many parents are concerned about how their children will manage their behavior
for eight hours a day. They may keep a watchful eye on their phone in case they receive a phone call from the school
regarding their children’s behavior. If a child has difficulty controlling his words and behavior, a daily behavior report
card may be a helpful option.
A daily behavior report card can be as simple as a chart on the child’s desk where his teacher provides ratings
based on his behavior. The chart might be broken down into each class in a day. At the end of each class, the teacher
will rate the students based on how well they did in meeting their behavioral goals. For example, a child might get
scored on a 1—10 scale. Students will have a goal score to earn after each class. If they earn their goal score, they
will get an instant experience-based reward.
Some advantages of the daily behavior report card are that it makes classroom expectations clear and gives kids
frequent feedback on how they did and what they need to do to improve next time. While many teachers often promise
a reward for good behavior at the end of the school day, this possibility of a reward is often too far for many kids to
care. Instead, by offering a more prompt reward after each class that a child’s behavioral goal is met, their motivation
level can stay high to control their attention and behavior.
Teachers are busy during the school days. They often have to manage difficult behavior in class and they lose
lots of the classroom instruction time. However, using a daily behavior report card may be able to prevent difficult
behavior from occurring in the first place. Meanwhile it will also improve the teacher-parent communication, which
helps parents track and solve their children’s problems.
8. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the daily behavior report card?
A. Its basis. B. Its result. C. Its rating. D. Its use.
9. Why can the daily behavior report card help children behave well in class?
A. It includes all the study rules in class.
B. It meets the demands of children in class.
C. It offers them expectations and feedback in class.D. It provides a great reward for those with high scores.
10. What does the underlined word “prompt” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Immediate. B. Reasonable. C. Necessary. D. Minimum.
11. What does the author think of the daily behavior report card?
A. Multi-beneficial. B. Universally true. C. Widely available. D. Quite complicated.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。如果孩子难以控制自己的言语和行为，每日行为报告卡可能是一个有用的选择。
每日行为报告卡可以像孩子桌子上的图表一样简单，老师根据他的行为给他打分。文章主要介绍了每日行
为报告卡的好处。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“A daily behavior report card can be as simple as a chart on the child’s desk where his
teacher provides ratings based on his behavior. The chart might be broken down into each class in a day. At the end
of each class, the teacher will rate the students based on how well they did in meeting their behavioral goals. For
example, a child might get scored on a 1—10 scale. Students will have a goal score to earn after each class. If they
earn their goal score, they will get an instant experience-based reward.(每日行为报告卡可以很简单，就像孩子
桌子上的一张图表，老师根据孩子的行为给他打分。图表可能会在一天之内分解成每个班级。每节课结束
时，老师会根据学生在达到行为目标方面的表现给他们打分。例如，一个孩子可能会得到 1-10分。每节课
后学生将有一个目标分数来赚取。如果他们的目标得分，他们将得到即时的经验为基础的奖励。)”可知，
第二段主要介绍了每日行为报告卡的用途，故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some advantages of the daily behavior report card are that it makes classroom
expectations clear and gives kids frequent feedback on how they did and what they need to do to improve next
time. (每日行为报告卡的一些优点是，它使课堂期望清晰，并给予孩子频繁的反馈，他们是如何做的，他们
需要做什么，以改善下一次。)”可知，每日行为报告卡可以在课堂上为学生们提供期望和反馈。故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“While many teachers often promise a reward for good behavior at the end of
the school day, this possibility of a reward is often too far for many kids to care.(虽然许多老师经常承诺在放学后
对学生表现良好的行为给予奖励，但这种奖励的可能性对于许多孩子来说往往太遥远了。)”可知，许多老
师经常承诺在放学后对学生表现良好的行为给予奖励，但这种奖励可能性对于许多孩子来说往往太遥远了，
即奖励不及时，根据Instead(相反)可知，前后内容相反，结合划线单词所在句子“by offering a more promptreward after each class that a child’s behavioral goal is met, their motivation level can stay high to control their
attention and behavior.(通过在每节课后提供一个更加prompt的奖励，孩子的行为目标得到了满足，他们的
动机水平可以保持高，以控制他们的注意力和行为。)”可推知，每日行为报告卡可以在每节课后立即给孩
子一个奖励，这使得他们的行为目标得到了满足，由此可知，划线单词意为“及时的，立即的”，与A项
“Immediate.(立即的)”意思相近，故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, using a daily behavior report card may be able to prevent difficult
behavior from occurring in the first place. Meanwhile it will also improve the teacher-parent communication, which
helps parents track and solve their children’s problems.(然而，使用每日行为报告卡可能能够防止困难的行为发
生在第一位。同时也可以促进家长和教师之间的沟通，帮助家长跟踪和解决孩子的问题。)”可推知，作者
认为每日行为报告卡是有很多好处的，故选A。
10. 山东省新高考联合质量测评2023-2024学年高三12月大联考
C
The best thing that has happened in Florida, since the beginning of July is that the electricity department has
kept functioning. It is reported that daily maximum temperature is above 43℃. It is not just the United States, where
100 million people are under heat-warning notices, that is suffering. There is currently a series of such heat waves
around the world. Temperatures exceed 40°C from Madrid to Cairo, where suffering power is unavailable. In Beijing
July 18thsaw a 23-year-old record broken by a 27th consecutive day with a maximum temperature above35℃, which
means people hadn’t even enjoyed one cool day during that period. By increasing the possibility of a wide range of
extreme events, global warming also increases the chances that they will come in waves.
There are things to do as soon as the mercury (水银柱) rises. Get homeless people to cooling stations; encourage
people to look in on elderly neighbors, the weak citizens and especially women over 80, who dominate the excess
deaths associated with heatwaves; make it possible for those who must work outside to do so early in the morning;put
hospitals on an emergency footing.
There are also things to be done in advance. It is crucial to work out where the people at greatest risk live. One
thing that can help is deciding where to plant trees, which both provide shade and,as water evaporates through their
leaves, cool the air. There are smart choices to be made about the built environment, from the best sort of pavement
and courtyards designed for passive cooling to the popularity of white roofs. There are building codes to update so
as to make those choices easier, as well as regulations to change so that workers are not endangered by middayheat.
All these measures are easier to take when a city has resources to devote to them. In the developing world, where
a lack of air conditioning makes heat all the more deadly, such resources are scarce. What is needed for leaders is to
take the issue seriously and for local politicians is to see cooling plans as a way to compete for votes. Unfortunately,
such a strategy works best in places where voters have already felt the consequences of failing to act. Some studies
re-veal that many places are at increasing risk of vicious heatwaves but have yet to experience one particularly
troubling. Florida at least knows what to expect—and what it will have to go on expecting for decades to come.
8. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook.
B. A news report.
C. An academic article.
D. A geography magazine.
9. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To draw people’s attention.
C. To give examples of heatwaves.
D. To compare the heat of different places.
10. Which is not mentioned to deal with heat?
A. Planting trees in proper places.
B. Making rules relative to heat controlling.
C. Taking care of the old and the fragile.
D. Encouraging outdoor staff to work flexibly.
11. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Dealing with the issue of heat is complicated.
B. Politicians struggle to tackle the issue of heat.
C. Many places haven’t sustained the severest heatwaves.
D. A certain strategy operates best in the developing world.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了如何应对极端高温天气和气候变化带来的挑战，提出了一些具体
的措施和建议。
【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The best thing that has happened in Florida, since the beginning of July is that the
electricity department has kept functioning. It is reported that daily maximum temperature is above 43℃. It is not
just the United States, where 100 million people are under heat-warning notices, that is suffering. There is currently a
series of such heatwaves around the world. Temperatures exceed 40°C from Madrid to Cairo, where suffering power
is unavailable. In Beijing July 18thsaw a 23-year-old record broken by a 27th consecutive day with a maximum
temperature above35℃, which means people hadn’t even enjoyed one cool day during that period. By increasing the
possibility of a wide range of extreme events, global warming also increases the chances that they will come in
waves. (自7月初以来，佛罗里达州发生的最好的事情是电力部门一直在运作。据报道，日最高气温在43℃
以上。受影响的不只是美国，那里有1亿人处于高温预警状态。目前，世界各地都出现了一系列这样的热
浪。从马德里到开罗，气温超过40摄氏度，电力供应中断。7月18日，北京的最高气温连续第27天超过
35℃，打破了23年来的纪录，这意味着人们在这段时间里甚至没有享受到一天的凉爽。全球变暖增加了
各种极端事件发生的可能性，也增加了它们呈波浪状出现的可能性。)”可知，文章探讨了如何应对极端高
温天气和气候变化带来的挑战，提出了一些具体的措施和建议。这与地理杂志可能会报道的内容相符。故
选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段的内容“By increasing the possibility of a wide range of extreme events, global
warming also increases the chances that they will come in waves. (全球变暖增加了各种极端事件发生的可能性，
也增加了它们呈波浪状出现的可能性。)”以及第二段“There are things to do as soon as the mercury(水银柱)rises.
(气温一升，就有事情要做。)”可推测，第一段是为了引出本文主题，也就是高温情况下，我们需要如何做。
故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Get homeless people to cooling stations; encourage people to look in on elderly
neighbors, the weak citizens and especially women over 80, who dominate the excess deaths associated with
heatwaves; make it possible for those who must work outside to do so early in the morning;put hospitals on an
emergency footing.”（把无家可归的人送到冷却站；鼓励人们照顾年迈的邻居、体弱的公民，尤其是80岁以
上的女性，她们在与热浪相关的超额死亡中占绝大多数；让那些必须在外面工作的人能够在早上工作；使
医院为紧急医疗事件做好准备。）以及第三段“There are also things to be done in advance. It is crucial to work
out where the people at greatest risk live. One thing that can help is deciding where to plant trees, which both provide
shade and, as water evaporates through their leaves, cool the air. There are smart choices to be made about the built
environment, from the best sort of pavement and courtyards designed for passive cooling to the popularity of whiteroofs. There are building codes to update so as to make those choices easier, as well as regulations to change so that
workers are not endangered by midday heat. (也有一些事情需要提前完成。弄清风险最大的人住在哪里是至关
重要的。有一件事能帮上忙，那就是决定在哪里种树，这些树既能遮荫，又能通过树叶蒸发水分，给空气
降温。建筑环境需要做出明智的选择，从最好的人行道和被动冷却庭院设计到流行的白色屋顶。有一些建
筑规范需要更新，以使这些选择更容易，也有一些法规需要修改，以使工人不会受到正午高温的威胁。)”
可知，选项D“Encouraging outdoor staff to work flexibly(鼓励户外员工灵活工作。)”并未提及。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Unfortunately, such a strategy works best in places where voters have already
felt the consequences of failing to act. Some studies re-veal that many places are at increasing risk of vicious
heatwaves but have yet to experience one particularly troubling. Florida at least knows what to expect—and what
it will have to go on expecting for decades to come. (不幸的是，这种策略在选民已经感受到不采取行动后果的
地方效果最好。一些研究显示，许多地方遭受恶性热浪的风险正在增加，但尚未经历一次特别令人不安的
热浪。佛罗里达州至少知道该期待什么，以及未来几十年它将不得不期待什么。)”可知，还有很多地方没
有经历过严重的热浪。故选C。
11. 河南省南阳市TOP20联考2023-2024学年高三上学期1月月考
C
People with mild cognitive impairment (轻度认知障碍), or MCI, are 30 percent more likely to reverse (扭转)
symptoms if they think positively about ageing, according to a study carried out by the Yale School of Public
Health.
MCI is usually considered a one-way process, but according to Professor Becca Levy, lead author of the study,
that’s not the case at all. She said, “Most people assume there is no recovery from MCI, but in fact half of those who
have it do recover.”
MCI is a condition which causes memory loss and difficulty in thinking clearly. Symptoms might include
forgetting events, or often losing things. Other more physical symptoms such as a loss of smell or spatial perception
have also been linked to MCI. It is mostly diagnosed in people over 60, and often leads to Alzheimer’s or other forms
of dementia (痴呆).
The study involved 1, 716 participants aged 65 and above. It was conducted over a twelve-year period between
2008 and 2020, with seven data collection waves performed every two years. Results showed that those who came
to the study with MCI were 30 percent more likely to make a full recovery if they were upbeat about ageing. Theywere also likely to recover two years faster than those with more negative age beliefs, such as “The older I get, the
more useless I feel”. Those who came to the study without MCI were also far less likely to develop it if they felt
more age-positive, regardless of their physical health or age.
Factors such as age, race and gender have previously been examined for links to recovery, but this is the first
study to look at cultural factors—in this case, beliefs about ageing.
While the study definitely led to positive results, researchers still have not known exactly why. “A limitation is
that we did not examine the mechanism of positive age beliefs in cognitive recovery,” says Levy.
8. What is most people’s assumption about MCI?
.
A The old often ignore it. B. People with it can’t recover.
C. It’s hardly related to ageing. D. It can be cured in a short time.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Some facts about MCI. B. The root causes of MCI.
C. The participants of the study. D. Different forms of dementia.
10. What contributes to overcoming MCI according to the study?
A. Forgetting about ageing. B. Examining its mechanism.
C. Living with healthy people. D. Holding positive age beliefs
11. From which is the text most probably taken?
A. A report on technology. B. A chemistry textbook.
C. A first aid brochure. D. A health magazine.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了根据耶鲁大学公共卫生学院进行的一项研究，患有轻度认知障碍
(MCI)的人如果积极看待衰老，他们逆转症状的可能性会增加30%。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“She said, “Most people assume there is no recovery from MCI, but in fact half of
those who have it do recover.””（她说：“大多数人认为轻度认知障碍无法康复，但事实上，一半患有轻度认
知障碍的人确实康复了。”）可知，大多数人对MCI的假设是患此病的人无法康复。故选B项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“MCI is a condition which causes memory loss and difficulty in thinking clearly.
Symptoms might include forgetting events, or often losing things. Other more physical symptoms such as a loss of
smell or spatial perception have also been linked to MCI. It is mostly diagnosed in people over 60, and often leads toAlzheimer’s or other forms of dementia(痴呆).”（轻度认知障碍是一种导致记忆丧失和难以清晰思考的疾病。
症状可能包括遗忘事件，或经常丢失东西。其他更多的身体症状，如嗅觉或空间感知的丧失也与轻度认知
障碍有关。这种病大多在60岁以上的人群中被诊断出来，通常会导致阿尔茨海默氏症或其他形式的痴呆
症。）可知，这段主要讲的是关于轻度认知障碍的一些事实。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Results showed that those who came to the study with MCI were 30 percent more
likely to make a full recovery if they were upbeat about ageing. They were also likely to recover two years faster than
those with more negative age beliefs, such as “The older I get, the more useless I feel”.”（研究结果显示，那些患
有轻度认知障碍的人如果对衰老持乐观态度，那么他们完全康复的可能性要高出 30%。他们也可能比那些
有消极年龄观念的人快两年恢复，比如“我越老，我越觉得自己没用”。）可知，根据这项研究，持有积
极的年龄观念有助于克服轻度认知障碍。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“People with mild cognitive impairment(轻度认知障碍), or MCI, are 30
percent more likely to reverse(扭转)symptoms if they think positively about ageing, according to a study carried out
by the Yale School of Public Health.”（根据耶鲁大学公共卫生学院进行的一项研究，患有轻度认知障碍(MCI)
的人如果积极看待衰老，他们逆转症状的可能性会增加 30%。）可知，文章主要讲的是耶鲁大学公共卫生
学院进行的一项研究，患有轻度认知障碍(MCI)的人如果积极看待衰老，他们逆转症状的可能性会增加
30%。由此可推知，这篇文章可能出自健康杂志。故选D项。
12. 河南箐师联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月质量检测考试题、
C
Have you ever noticed that some songs start with a “one, two, three, four”? You can hear it in songs by artists
as different as The Beatles, OutKast, and Taylor Swift. But why are they counting? The counting you hear is a small
clue to a big fact—math is behind almost everything in music! Let’s WONDER together!
First, let’s start with “counting in.” Musicians will often count to make sure that they all start the song at the
same time. Once they start together, everyone has to stay on the same beat. Every song has a steady beat. One of the
first ways that young children can start to learn math ideas is by learning how to make a steady beat!
A steady beat is one kind of pattern. Other patterns in music relate to math, too. We can see patterns in how far
apart notes are from each other. Sometimes we play more than one note at a time.
Musicians also need numbers to understand how to play music. If you look at written music, you will see twonumbers on the left side. Often, the numbers are 4/4. This is called the time signature. The top number of it tells the
musician how many beats are in each part of the line of music. The second number tells us what type of note gets one
beat. The “4” on the bottom lets us know that a quarter note gets one beat.
It is clear that music is good for our brains, whether or not it makes us better at math. Playing music uses several
parts of your brain at the same time. Musicians need to use their brains to see the music, hear the notes, and touch the
instrument in just the right ways to make sounds!
These are just a few of the ways that music and math are related. As you learn more about music and math, you'll
see more connections!
8. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To give examples. B. To introduce the main topic.
C. To present an academic achievement. D. To list the impact of some famous musicians.
9. What does the second number of the time signature mean?
A. What category of note gets one beat. B. What varieties songs should have.
C. How many beats are in each measure. D. How the former note is transformed into the next.
10. How does the author like learning music?
A. Dizzy but powerful B. Complicated but rewarding.
C. Time-consuming but relaxing. D. Expensive but pleasant.
11. What can be inferred from the text?
A. To learn math well, you have no choice but to have a good command of music.
B. The performance of one’s music may have an effect on that of one's math.
C. The more you learn music, the more broad-minded you will be.
D. People’s taste in music varies from person to person.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了音乐和数学之间的关系。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段，尤其是“Let’ s WONDER together!(让我们一起好奇吧！)”可推知
第一段的问答等主要是引出文章主题。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“The second number tells us what type of note gets one beat. The“4”on the
bottom lets us know that a quarter note gets one beat.(第二个数字告诉我们什么类型的音符得到一个节拍。底
部的“4”让我们知道四分之一音符有一个节拍。)”可知，第二个数字告诉我们什么类型的音符得到一个节
拍。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据第五段中“It is clear that music is good for our brains, whether or not it makes us better at
math. Playing music uses several parts of your brain at the same time.(很明显，音乐对我们的大脑有好处，无论
它是否使我们在数学方面更好。演奏音乐同时使用你大脑的几个部分。)”可推知，作者认为音乐学习很复
杂，但有益于大脑，故选B。
4.推理判断题。 根据最后一段“These are just a few of the ways that music and math are related. As you learn
more about music and math, you’ll see more connections!(这些只是音乐和数学相关联的几种方式。当你学习
更多关于音乐和数学的知识时，你会看到更多的联系！)”由此判断出，一个人的音乐表现和数学上的表现
有联系。故选B。
13. 安徽省皖东十校联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期第三次月考
C
About 50 cars derailed (脱轨) in East Palestine, Ohio at about 9 p. m. EST Friday as a train was carrying a
variety of products from Madison, Illinois, to Conway, Pennsylvania, rail operator Norfolk Southern said Saturday.
There was no immediate information about what caused the derailment, No injuries or damage to structures were
reported.
,
“The post-derailment fire spanned about the length of the derailed train cars ” Michael Graham, a member of
the National Transportation Safety Board, told reporters Saturday evening. “The fire has since reduced in intensity,
but remains active and the two main tracks are still blocked.”
Norfolk Southern said 20 of the more than 100 cars were classified as carrying dangerous materials “including
flammables, combustibles, or environmental risks.” Graham said 14 cars carrying vinyl chloride (氯乙烯) were
involved in the derailment “and have been exposed to fire,” and at least one “is releasing the contents of the car
through a pressure release device as designed.”
“At this time we are working to confirm which dangerous materials cars, if any, have been breached,” he said.
The Environmental Protection Agency and Norfolk Southern were continuing to monitor air quality, and investigators
would begin their on-scene work “once the scene is safe and secure,” he said.
Vinyl chloride, used to make the polyvinyl chloride hard plastic resin used in a variety of plastic products, is
associated with increased risk of liver cancer and other cancers, according to the federal government’s National
Cancer Institute. Federal officials said they were also concerned about other possibly dangerous materials.
Fire Chief Keith Drabick said officials were most concerned about the vinyl chloride and referenced one car
containing that chemical but said safety features on that car were still functioning. Emergency crews would keep theirdistance until Norfolk Southern officials told them it was safe to approach, Drabick said. Firefighters were pulled
from the immediate area and unmanned streams were used to protect some areas including businesses that might also
have contained materials of concern, officials said.
8. What do we know about the derailment from the first two paragraphs?
A. It was caused by a severe fire. B. It led to a cut-off on the railway.
C. Passengers were trapped in the train. D. Relevant details were released immediately.
9. What does the underlined word “breached” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Broken. B. Rescued. C. Repaired. D. Removed.
10. What message does paragraph 5 intend to convey about vinyl chloride?
A. It should be used with caution. B. It has disadvantages as well as advantages.
C. It is important for the plastic industry. D. It can greatly harm people’s health.
11. What measures are taken at the moment?
A. Guarding the cars. B. Calling in firefighters. C. Checking air quality. D. Investigating the scene.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述美国东部时间周五晚上9点左右，俄亥俄州东巴勒斯坦约有50节
车厢脱轨的相关情况。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The fire has since reduced in intensity, but remains active and the two main tracks are
still blocked. (此后，火势有所减弱，但仍处于活跃状态，两条主要道路仍被封锁。)”可知，脱轨导致两条主
要道路被封锁。故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“At this time we are working to confirm which dangerous materials cars, if any, have
been breached (如果有的话，目前，我们正在努力确认哪些危险材料被breached。)”可知，这里指调查人员
在确认携带危险材料的车厢是否还安全，材料是否已经泄露或者破坏，所以breached的意思应该是“破
坏”，和选项A意思一致。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Vinyl chloride, used to make the polyvinyl chloride hard plastic resin used in a variety
of plastic products, is associated with increased risk of liver cancer and other cancers, according to the federal
government’s National Cancer Institute. (据联邦政府国家癌症研究所称，氯乙烯用于制造各种塑料制品中使用
的聚氯乙烯硬塑料树脂，与肝癌和其他癌症的风险增加有关。)”可知，氯乙烯对人类的身体健康有很大的坏处。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The Environmental Protection Agency and Norfolk Southern were continuing to monitor
air quality, and investigators would begin their on-scene work “once the scene is safe and secure,” he said. (环境保
护局和诺福克南方航空公司正在继续监测空气质量，调查人员将“在现场安全无虞后”开始现场工作。)”
可知，环境保护局和诺福克南方航空公司正在继续监测空气质量。故选C。
14. 湖北省宜荆荆随恩2023-2024学年高三上学期1月联考英语试题
C
As the sun shines, people will flock to parks to breathe the fresh air. But air pollution is worsening in many
places around the world.
Unfortunately, in the western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration
to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing restrictions on environmental pollution, they have
not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.
But is our life worth anything other than money? And why do we find it more difficult to get the clean air? Do
the woods, which are often described as “the lungs of the planet”, no longer, offer us the gift of breathable air by
releasing oxygen? No! In fact, they do give off the oxygen, but their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry
has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals
and weakened the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapid deforestation combined with the massive
burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for a permanent disaster.
The plant world urges us in silence that it’ time for us to care for our breath and put emphasis on the
interdependence which exists between our humans and the plant world. We will have access to clean air only when
humans learn to share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is both ethical and political because it can
be fulfilled only when each takes it upon himself and only when it is accomplished together with others. The lesson
taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere (范围)of the living, while dividing life into so-
called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come to see the air, the plants and ourselves as the
contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rather than productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then
we would finally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.
8. The western politicians are accused by the author because they ______.
A. give priority to wealthy countries.B. don’t protect ordinary people’s right.
C. fail to pass laws to limit environmental pollution.
D. attach importance to theory rather than practical action.
9. What is paragraph 3 of the text mainly about?
A. Our relationship with the plant world.
B. Large-scale deforestation across the world.
C. The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.
D. The reasons hidden behind the serious air pollution.
.
10 How can humans accomplish the goal of protecting the planet?
A. By showing respect for plants. B. By using all natural resources.
C. By preserving all forms of life. D. By pooling their efforts together.
11. What does the author suggest in order not just to survive?
A. Expanding the sphere of living. B. Sharing life with nature.
C. Developing nature’s potentials. D. Controlling the resources.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了日益严重的空气污染问题和建议和措施。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As for politicians, despite proposing restrictions on environmental pollution, they
have not yet called for it to be made a crime(至于政客们，尽管提出了对环境污染的限制，但他们还没有要求
将其定为犯罪)”可知，西方政治家被作者指责，因为他们没有通过法律来限制环境污染。故选C。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“it is because we have filled it with chemicals and weakened the ability of plants
to regenerate it. As we know, rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive
recipe for a permanent disaster.(这是因为我们用化学物质填满了它，削弱了植物再生的能力。正如我们所知，
快速的森林砍伐加上化石燃料的大量燃烧是导致永久灾难的爆炸性配方。)”可知，第三段主要讲解的严重
的空气污染背后隐藏的原因。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“This task is both ethical and political because it can be fulfilled only when each
takes it upon himself and only when it is accomplished together with others. (这项任务既是道德的，也是政治的，
因为只有当每个人都承担起这项任务，并与他人共同完成时，它才能完成。)”可知，人类可以通过通过共同努力实现保护地球的目标。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The plant world urges us in silence that it’ time for us to care for our breath and
put emphasis on the interdependence which exists between our humans and the plant world. We will have access to
clean air only when humans learn to share life, both with each other and with plants(植物世界默默地敦促我们，
是时候关心我们的呼吸，强调人类和植物世界之间存在的相互依存关系。只有当人类学会与他人以及与植
物共享生命时，我们才能获得清洁的空气)”以及“We must come to see the air, the plants and ourselves as the
contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rather than productive potentialities at our disposal.(我们必须把
空气、植物和我们自己看作是保存生命和生长的贡献者，而不是我们可以支配的生产潜力)”可知，作者建
议与自然共享生命，而不仅仅是为了生存。故选B。
15. 湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期第二次联合测评
C
Farming is destroying the planet, but there could be a much more environmentally friendly way to feed ourselves:
using renewable energy to turn carbon dioxide into food. “This is becoming a reality,” says Pasi Vainikka at Solar
Foods, a company that is building the first commercial-scale factory that will be able to make food directly from
CO2.
There can be no doubt that immediate attention to find greener ways to grow food is required. Conventional
agriculture, including organic farming, causes damage to the environment in many ways. It requires a lot of land,
leading to habitat loss and deforestation. It is also the source of a third of all greenhouse gas emissions and releases
other pollutants. It isn’t very efficient, either. Crops typically transform less than 1 percent of light energy into usable
biomass (生物量).
Instead, Solar Foods plans to avoid photosynthesis (光合作用) altogether, and grow bacteria that use hydrogen
as their source of energy. At the factory, renewable electricity will be used to split water to produce hydrogen and
oxygen. The hydrogen will be added to large containers, where the bacteria grow, along with CO2 and ammonia (氨气).
The end result will be a yellow powder called Solein.
Solein is made of bacterial cells and is up to 70 percent protein. It can be used as an ingredient in all kinds of
foods. “We are aiming at replacing animal-sourced proteins, which we think have the highest environmental impact,”
says Vainikka.
Compared with plant crops, Solein will use 100 times less water per kilogram of protein produced, 20 times lessland and emit a fifth as much CO2, according to Solar Foods. There are other benefits, too: factories could be situated
anywhere in the world and production won’t be affected by weather conditions.
“With Solar Foods and other companies scaling up their systems, this is truly beginning a new era of agriculture,”
says Dorian Leger at Connectomix Bio in Germany. “I think these trends are exciting and will help bend the carbon
curve as well as lead to improved global food supply security.”
8. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning conventional agriculture in paragraph 2?
A. To demonstrate its influence on crops.
B. To compare different farming methods.
C. To provide an example of agricultural types.
D. To highlight the urgent need for alternatives.
9. What is mainly presented in paragraph 3 concerning Solein?
A. Its storage condition. B. Its production process.
C. Its ingredient materials. D. Its investment potential.
10. All of the following are the features of Solein except .
A. it is protein-rich
B it is resource-efficient
C. its production is weather sensitive
D. its production is location-independent
11. Which statement would Dorian Leger probably agree with?
A. The prospect of Solein remains to be seen,
B. Solein can help achieve global food safely.
C. Solein will dominate the agricultural development.
D. The use of Solein may help reduce carbon emissions.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了芬兰食品技术公司Solar Foods推出的空气蛋白Solein的生产过程及其
应用的好处，并指出Solein可能是解决相关环境问题的最佳方法。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Conventional agriculture, including organic farming, causes damage to the
environment in many ways. It requires a lot of land, leading to habitat loss and deforestation. It is also the source of
a third of all greenhouse gas emissions and releases other pollutants. It isn’t very efficient, either.(传统农业，包括有机农业，在许多方面对环境造成破坏。它需要大量的土地，导致栖息地丧失和森林砍伐。它也是三分之
一的温室气体排放和其他污染物的来源。这也不是很有效。)”可知，列举了Conventional agriculture导致的
一系列环境问题，目的是为了凸显新方法的迫切需要，也为后文介绍Solein作了铺垫。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Instead, Solar Foods plans to avoid photosynthesis (光合作用) altogether, and
grow bacteria that use hydrogen as their source of energy. At the factory, renewable electricity will be used to split
water to produce hydrogen and oxygen (相反，太阳能食品公司计划完全避免光合作用，并培养以氢作为能量
来源的细菌。在工厂里，可再生电力将用于分解水以产生氢气和氧气)”可知，主要介绍了空气蛋白Solein
生产的过程，即绕过光合作用，利用氢气作为能量来源培养细菌。利用电解水生成氢气和氧气，然后将氢
气、二氧化碳以及氨气一同导入大型容器中来培养细菌，故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“There are other benefits, too: factories could be situated anywhere in the world and
production won’t be affected by weather conditions(还有其他好处：工厂可以设在世界任何地方，生产不会受
到天气条件的影响)”可知，空气蛋白Solein的生产不受地理位置、气候条件的限制，C项：its production is
weather sensitive(它的生产对天气很敏感)表述错误。故选C。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““I think these trends are exciting and will help bend the carbon curve as well as lead
to improved global food supply security.”(我认为这些趋势令人兴奋，将有助于改变碳曲线，并改善全球粮食
供应安全。)”可知，Dorian Leger认为这种应用趋势是令人兴奋的、有前景的，即Solein的使用可能有助于
减少碳排放。故选D。
16. 2024届 重庆市 缙云教育联盟 高三上学期一模英语试题
C
We may weep for the dodo, but could and should we bring this lovely bird back from the dead? De-extinction
is the science of restoring lost species and it has been in the news for decades.
The story in modern times began in 1990 when Michael Crichton published his science fiction novel Jurassic
Park, in which he imagined a world where scientists were able to bring dinosaurs back to life. Crichton imagined that
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology could be a way to amplify (放大) tiny quantities of dinosaur DNA and
thus build a living embryo.
Sadly, biologists soon realized that DNA in fact breaks down super-fast; even after 100 years, DNA from museumskins of dodos was decayed (腐烂) beyond repair. They could be sequenced (测定序列) using massive computational
power, but then only with considerable uncertainty. And even if you capture a DNA sequence, there’s still the problem
of how you get living cells to read that sequence and express proteins that make the dinosaur or the dodo.
But why would anyone want to see mammoths, or something like them, roaming (漫游) present-day Siberia?
Well, they were undoubtedly amazing beasts. As well as hunting them, our distant ancestors painted their likenesses
in caves across Europe. Fascinating as they may be, there's some ecological justification for the project too.
It was this diversity of land surface, broken up by heavy limbs and randomly fertilised by faeces (排泄物), that
supported so much flora (植物群). Without the mammoths, that diversity disappeared. Return them and landscapes
would once again be with a variety of species, including flowers and bushes.
True, it’s not de-extinction in the sense of bringing a long-dead species back to life. Instead it’s more like making
a “dodo” by engineering a modern pigeon, its closest relative, to become huge and flightless. The result would be a
big, fatty pigeon that, whether it looked like a dodo or not, would probably fulfil some of its ecological roles.
As a palaeontologist, I would of course love to see living dinosaurs, mammoths and dodos. In some ways,
though, I am relieved that the optimistic claims for cloning and genetic technologies have not been borne out. The
slowdown gives us time to consider the outcomes—and hopefully avoid some of Michael Crichton’s more fevered
imaginings.
8. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. A science fiction review. B. The development of DNA.
C. An inspired guess of de-extinction. D. The application of PCR technology.
9. What’s the barrier to cloning a living embryo?
A. DNA is hard to keep for long. B. Computational power is limited.
C. Biologists are opposed to it. D. Living cells can􀆳t be sequenced.
10. Why are people interested in cloning extinct species?
A. They expect to seek hunt fun. B. They lack sources of modern art.
C. They need them for research. D. They want to see biodiversity.
11. What’s the author’s attitude toward cloning extinct species?
A. Cautious. B. Unclear. C. Dismissive. D. Approving.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本篇是议论文，作者对克隆灭绝物种进行了分析。
【8题详解】主旨大意题。文章第二段讲到“in which he imagined a world where scientists were able to bring dinosaurs back
to life. Crichton imagined that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology could be a way to amplify (放大) tiny
quantities of dinosaur DNA and thus build a living embryo. (在小说里，他想象了一个科学家能够让恐龙复活的
世界。克莱顿设想聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术可能是一种扩增(放大) 微小数量的恐龙DNA，从而构建了
一个活的胚胎。)”可知，第二段的主要内容是一个关于灭绝动物复活启发性猜测。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Sadly, biologists soon realized that DNA in fact breaks down super-fast; even after
100 years, DNA from museum skins of dodos was decayed (腐烂) beyond repair. (可悲的是，生物学家很快意识
到DNA实际上分解得非常快；即使在100年后，博物馆里渡渡鸟皮肤上的DNA也腐烂得无法修复。)”可
知，克隆活胚胎的障碍是很难长期保存。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。文章第五段讲到“Without the mammoths, that diversity disappeared. Return them and landscapes
would once again be with a variety of species, including flowers and bushes. (没有长毛象，这种多样性就消失了。
让他们回归，景观将再次出现各种各样的物种，包括花朵和灌木。)”可知，人们热衷于克隆灭绝动物主要
是想看到生物的多样性。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“The slowdown gives us time to consider the outcomes—and hopefully avoid
some of Michael Crichton’s more fevered imaginings (经济放缓给了我们时间来考虑结果——并有望避免迈克
尔·克莱顿的一些更狂热的想象)”可知，作者对克隆灭绝动物持谨慎的观点。故选A。
17. 辽宁省联考2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题
C
A new international organization, ReShark, including partners from 15 countries and 44 aquariums, is challenging
the shark statistics. According to National Geographic, ReShark’s goal is to release 500 endangered zebra sharks in
Indonesian waters to increase a wild population that is on the edge of extinction. This is the first-ever attempt to
reintroduce captive sharks into the wild.
Marine reintroductions present significant challenges due to the complexity and shortage of ocean life, as well
as the difficulty in managing threats, according to National Geographic. Team ReShark understands that the
reintroduction may go up in smoke. Unlike land animals that have been successfully reintroduced in the past, such
as giant pandas in China, young sharks are more likely to suffer from diseases and be killed by other animals, andthey struggle to find food on their own.
Sharks have a remarkable history as one of the oldest vertebrate species, surviving five mass extinctions over a
period of 420 million years. They play an important role in marine ecosystems by influencing the ocean’s food chains.
However, they are now facing the second-highest rate of disappearance. Research shows that more than 37 percent
of the shark species are at risk of extinction due to overfishing, both legal and illegal. Sharks are hunted for their
meat. Nearly 100 million sharks are killed by human hands each year, according to the organization Sentient
Media.
Despite the alarming decline in shark populations globally, top shark scientists are hopeful that ReShark’s efforts
will succeed. Given these challenges, Simon Fraser University ecologist Dulvy initially had some doubts about
ReShark’s plans. However, after asking some questions, he was surprised by what the initiative could produce. “This
initiative is different,” Dulvy explained. Similarly, Rima Jabado, Dulvy’s successor, recognized ReShark as a unique
project that could provide a lifeline for endangered shark species. “It may provide an opportunity for species not to
go extinct,” she said.
8. What’s the ReShark’s intention of releasing sharks?
A. To conduct shark data collection.
B. To study the living habits of sharks.
C. To save the endangered shark species.
D. To test new ways of keeping sharks.
9. What does the underlined part “go up in smoke” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Disappear. B. Fail. C. Work. D. Influence.
10. How does the Paragraph 3 develop?
A. By giving examples. B. By giving descriptions.
C. By making comparison. D. By making classifications.
11. What does Rima Jabado think of ReShark’s project?
A. Special and promising. B. Hopeful and effortless.
C. Risky and costly. D. Doubtful and immature.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了致力于拯救野生鲨鱼的ReShark项目及鲨鱼现状。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“According to National Geographic, ReShark’s goal is to release 500 endangeredzebra sharks in Indonesian waters to increase a wild population that is on the edge of extinction.”（据《国家地
理》报道，ReShark 的目标是在印度尼西亚水域释放500条濒临灭绝的斑马鲨，以增加濒临灭绝的野生种
群。）可知，ReShark的目的是为了拯救濒临灭绝的鲨鱼种群。故选C项。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Marine reintroductions present significant challenges due to the complexity and
shortage of ocean life, as well as the difficulty in managing threats, according to National Geographic.”（据《国家
地理》报道，由于海洋生物的复杂性和短缺，以及管理威胁的难度，海洋生物重新引入面临重大挑战。）
及第三句“Unlike land animals that have been successfully reintroduced in the past, such as giant pandas in China,
young sharks are more likely to suffer from diseases and be killed by other animals, and they struggle to find food on
their own.”（与过去成功重新引入的陆地动物，如中国的大熊猫不同，年轻的鲨鱼更容易患上疾病，更容易
被其他动物杀死，而且它们很难自己寻找食物。）可知，重新将鲨鱼引入海洋面临环境和鲨鱼自身等各方
面的挑战，很难成功，故推知go up in smoke意为“失败，不成功”。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Sharks have a remarkable history as one of the oldest vertebrate species, surviving five
mass extinctions over a period of 420 million years. They play an important role in marine ecosystems by influencing
the ocean’s food chains. However, they are now facing the second-highest rate of disappearance. Research shows that
more than 37 percent of the shark species are at risk of extinction due to overfishing, both legal and illegal. Sharks
are hunted for their meat. Nearly 100 million sharks are killed by human hands each year, according to the organization
Sentient Media.”（作为最古老的脊椎动物物种之一，鲨鱼有着非凡的历史，在4.2亿年的时间里经历了五次
大灭绝。它们通过影响海洋食物链，在海洋生态系统中发挥着重要作用。然而，它们现在面临着第二高的
消失率。研究表明，超过37%的鲨鱼物种由于合法和非法的过度捕捞而面临灭绝的危险。人们捕杀鲨鱼以
获取它们的肉。据Sentient Media组织称，每年有近1亿条鲨鱼被人类杀死。）可知，本段主要描述了鲨鱼
从古至今经历的灭绝及由于人类大肆猎杀导致的现状。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Similarly, Rima Jabado, Dulvy’s successor, recognized ReShark as a unique
project that could provide a lifeline for endangered shark species. “It may provide an opportunity for species not to
go extinct,” she said.”（同样，Dulvy的继任者Rima Jabado认为ReShark是一个独特的项目，可以为濒危鲨
鱼物种提供生命线。她说:“这可能为物种提供一个不灭绝的机会。”）可知，Rima Jabado认为该项目十分
特别，又充满前景。故选A项。18. 浙江省县域教研联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题
C
“One more viewer, one less fraud victim.”With this slogan, a new Chinese film—“No More Bets”—has become a
hit by tackling the issue of rampant(猖狂的) overseas cybercrimes.
Inspired by tens of thousands of real fraud cases across China, the movie offers a profound insight into the
complex web of overseas cyber fraud, featuring realistic description of the industry’s inner workings.
No More Bets, directed by ShenAo, starred by ZhangYixing, JinChen and other actors revolves around a group
of individuals who are tempted by lucrative(赚钱的) overseas job offers, only to fall into the trap of an overseas fraud
scheme. They finally find themselves trapped in fraud factories, but are forced to engage in criminal activities to
survive. The film unfolds from the perspectives of criminals, victims, and the police.
Online fraud has grown rampant in China over the last few years. According to the Xinhua News Agency,authorities
resolved around 464,000 cases of telecommunications and online fraud in 2022, arresting 351 gang leaders and key
members of criminal groups. Additionally, the Cyberspace Administration of China blocked799,000 overseas websites
involved in fraud and 38,000 IP addresses. Recent data from the Chinese Anti-FraudCenter reveals that younger
generations are now the primary target of online fraud. Despite being well-educated,many lack the necessary caution
to be careful about increasingly complicated online scams(骗局).
,
At the same time No More Bets led to widespread debate about overseas cyber fraud on social media, where
dozens of people shared their experiences of being tricked by lucrative job offers. Many viewers also praised the film
for educating people and helping prevent others from being cheated. It’s not one of those films where fans are just
promoting it for box office numbers. It’s going to have a lasting social impact and pro found significance.
28. What can we learn about the movie?
A. The plot is based on a true fraud case in China.
B. The movie is the first to dig deeply about cybercrimes.
C. The victims have to give in to the criminals to survive.
D. The movie is developed focusing on the angle of the police.
29. Why does the author list some statistics in paragraph 4?
A. To illustrate criminals’ scams.
B. To show government’s effort.
C. To reveal the severe situation.
D. To prove the movie’s importance.30. What makes the movie praised by many viewers?
A. Its great story and quality.
B. Its educational significance.
C. Its high box office numbers.
D. Its famous director and stars.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Be Cautious about Overseas Cybercrimes
B. One More Viewer, One Less Fraud Victim
C. The Success of Chinese Anti-Fraud Movies
D. No More Bets:China’s New Runaway Hit Film
【答案】28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。电影《孤注一掷》大火，背后的电信诈骗和网络诈骗引发关注。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They finally find themselves trapped in fraud factories, but are forced to engage in
criminal activities to survive. （他们最终发现自己身陷欺诈工厂，却被迫从事犯罪活动以求生存。）”可知，
受害者必须向罪犯屈服才能生存。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Online fraud has grown rampant in China over the last few years. According to the
Xinhua News Agency,authorities resolved around 464,000 cases of telecommunications and online fraud in 2022,
arresting 351 gang leaders and key members of criminal groups. Additionally, the Cyberspace Administration of
China blocked799,000 overseas websites involved in fraud and 38,000 IP addresses. （过去几年，网络欺诈在中
国日益猖獗。据新华社报道，2022年，当局破获电信网络诈骗案件约46.4万起，抓获犯罪团伙头目和骨干
成员351名。此外，国家网信办还封锁境外涉嫌诈骗网站79.9万个、IP地址3.8万个。）”可知，作者在
第4段中列出了一些统计数据为了揭露严峻形势。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“ Many viewers also praised the film for educating people and helping prevent others
from being cheated. It’s not one of those films where fans are just promoting it for box office numbers. It’s going to
have a lasting social impact and pro found significance.（许多观众也称赞这部电影教育了人们，帮助防止其他
人被欺骗。这不是影迷们为了票房而宣传的电影之一。它将产生持久的社会影响和深远的意义。）”可知，
它的教育意义使得影片受到了很多观众的好评。故选B。【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“‘One more viewer, one less fraud victim.’With this slogan, a new Chinese film—‘No
More Bets’—has become a hit by tackling the issue of rampant(猖狂的) overseas cybercrimes.（“多一个观众，
就少一个欺诈受害者。”凭借这一口号，一部新上映的中国电影——《孤注一掷》——以解决猖獗的海外
网络犯罪问题而走红。）”可知，本文主要介绍了一部中国的新热门电影《孤注一掷》，引发对背后的电
信诈骗和网络诈骗的关注，最佳标题是“中国的新热门电影《孤注一掷》”。故选D。