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人教版高中英语选必一Unit1 预习单
人教版高中英语选必一Unit1 预习单TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE 6 October 2015 This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology(生理学) or Medicine(医学) has been awarded(授予) to Tu Youyou (cowinner), whose research led to(导致；促成) the discovery(发现) of artemisinin(青蒿素), a crucial(至关重要的) new treatment(疗法) for malaria(疟疾). Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of(数十万的) lives, and has led to improved health for millions of(数百万的) people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from(死于) it. Artemisinin has become a vital(极其重要的) part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. Tu Youyou, a committed(尽心尽力的；坚定的) and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from(毕业于) Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed(组建) a team of scientists with the objective of(为了……目标) discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common(常见的), to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project（项目） in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical(植物的) treatments for the disease. Her team examined(查阅；检查) over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated(评估) 280,000 plants for their medical properties(性质；药用价值). From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct(不同的) ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise(希望；前景) in the fight against(对抗……) malaria. One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract(提取物) from sweet wormwood(青蒿)to treat a fever(发烧). Tu's team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling(煮沸) fresh wormwood, and using the liquid (液体) obtained(获取的) from this to treat malaria, but this did not work (奏效)either. Their project got stuck(陷入僵局). However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge(承认) defeat(失败). She analysed(分析) the medical texts again, and by chance（偶然), she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded(得出结论) that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently(显然；似乎) destroyed(破坏) its medical properties.Using a lower temperature（温度） to draw out(提取) the extract, she found a substance(物质) that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded(成功) in 1971.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on(坚持) testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered(康复). This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard(标准的) treatment for malaria. According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort(团队努力). Upon(一……就) hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour(荣誉) is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.This success proves(证明) the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed（实际上） an honour for China’s scientific(科学的) research and Chinese medicine to be spread(传播) around the world.” THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE（宇宙） Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics(物理学), is often considered(认为) one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous(许多的) contributions(贡献) to the world, the most well-known being the general （广义的）theory(理论) of relativity(相对论) and the famous formula(公式) E=mc^2. Einstein was not only a genius(天才); he was a courageous(勇敢的) and kind figure （人物）loved by many people. This gentle(温和的) genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to(由于) his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite （尽管）obtaining exceptional(杰出的；优异的) scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to （设法成功）pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk(职员) on the Swiss patent(专利) office. While working there, out of a strong passion(热爱；激情) for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate(博士学位) in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle(奇迹) year in science, he published（出版，发表） four extraordinary(非凡的) physics papers. Following(在……之后) this, he gradually(逐渐地) became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit(辞去) his job at the patent office and enter research fulltime at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation(解释) of the photoelectric effect(光电效应). Circumstances(境况；形势) changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power(上台；掌权) in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic(学术的) institutions（机构） closed to him. As a consequence(因此；结果), he had to flee(逃离) Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as (担任)a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study(高等研究院) in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics. To the public, he was seen as a slightly （稍微，有点）odd-looking（外表古怪） but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache(小胡子) and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end （竖起来）as though （好像）he had just received an electric shock（电击）. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends’ birthdays. But despite his peculiarities(怪癖；怪异之处), he was loved by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. In fact, Einstein often encountered(偶遇；碰到) people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such occasions(情形) , he finally started saying,“ Pardon me(请原谅)!Sorry!Always I am mistaken for Professor （教授）Einstein!” On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away（去世）, and the whole world mourned（哀悼） the great loss of a brilliant (聪颖的)scientist. #人教版高中英语选必一课文预习 #人教版高中英语课文选择性必修一