高中英语:写作中常见的九种句法错误!

高中英语写作中常见的九种句法错误

根据高考英语作文阅卷反馈，句法错误是导致作文降档的“硬伤”。以下九类错误覆盖了考生在书面表达中最高频的句法问题，每类均附错误示例与修改方案。

一、谓语动词重叠

一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词。考生常受汉语“连动句”思维影响，在同一句中叠用两个谓语。

错误：There were many students went there.

正确：Many students went there.

修改思路：去掉多余的 there be 结构，或将其中一个动词变为非谓语形式。

二、介词误作动词

英语中介词不能充当谓语，但部分考生因不熟悉词性，误将 like、cross 等介词当动词使用，甚至添加 -s 构成第三人称单数。

错误：It likes swimming.  / Four students went cross the street.

正确：It is like swimming.  / Four students crossed the street. 或 Four students went across the street.

修改思路：确认单词词性，介词前需有谓语动词，或改用真正的动词形式。

三、主谓不一致

主语与谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。考生常因主语后带有修饰语而误判单复数。

错误：The number of students in our class are 50.

正确：The number of students in our class is 50.

错误：The students who disagree with it thinks that dogs are our friends.

正确：The students who disagree with it think that dogs are our friends.

修改思路：找准主语中心词，忽略修饰成分；定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致。

四、时态与语态混乱

汉语动词无时态形态变化，考生容易忽略时间状语对时态的约束，或混淆主动与被动关系。

错误：Yesterday, I go to school and meet my teacher.

正确：Yesterday, I went to school and met my teacher.

错误：New bicycles must keep inside.

正确：New bicycles must be kept inside.

修改思路：关注时间状语提示；分析主语与动词是主动还是被动关系。

五、非谓语动词误用

不定式、动名词、分词的选择取决于固定搭配和逻辑主语关系，考生常混淆三者。

错误：I am looking forward to see you.

正确：I am looking forward to seeing you.

错误：After finish my homework, I went out to play.

正确：After finishing my homework, I went out to play.

修改思路：牢记“介词后接动名词”规则（look forward to 中 to 为介词）；注意非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主动/被动关系。

六、从句引导词误用

定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择，以及名词性从句中 that/what/whether 的区分，是高频失分点。

错误：I don‘t know the reason that he was late.

正确：I don’t know the reason why he was late.

错误：If you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.

正确：Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.

修改思路：分析先行词在从句中充当的成分；主语从句表“是否”只能用 whether，不能用 if。

七、平行结构不一致

用 and、or、but 连接的并列成分应在词性、时态、形式上保持一致。

错误：We are going to go to the shopping center and buying some presents.

正确：We are going to go to the shopping center and buy some presents.

错误：He abandoned his wife and goes away with all their money.

正确：He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.

修改思路：and 前后的动词形式必须一致，同为不定式、同为过去式，或同为动名词。

八、句子成分残缺

受汉语省略习惯影响，考生常遗漏主语、谓语、宾语或关系代词，导致句子结构不完整。

错误：There are many students support it.

正确：There are many students who support it.

错误：Don‘t afraid, and we’ll protect you.

正确：Don‘t be afraid, and we’ll protect you.

错误：This is a very useful English dictionary, and I think you will like.

正确：This is a very useful English dictionary, and I think you will like it.

修改思路：检查句子是否具备完整的主谓结构；及物动词后必须有宾语。

九、悬垂修饰语

句首的修饰语（分词短语、不定式短语等）的逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致，否则形成“悬垂”。

错误：At the age of ten, my grandfather died.

正确：When I was ten, my grandfather died.

错误：To do well in college, good grades are essential.

正确：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.

修改思路：将句首修饰语改为状语从句，或调整主句主语使其与修饰语的逻辑主语一致。

备考建议：以上九类句法错误的核心根源在于以汉语思维组织英语句子。建议在写作训练中养成“先定主谓，再添枝叶”的习惯——先确定句子的主语和谓语，再考虑修饰成分和从句的添加，避免边写边想导致的句法混乱。