独家原创:高中英语“文体写作(素材与运用)”系列2. 记叙文写作2(以叙事为主)

作者简介：深耕一线英语教学近40载；中考、高考命题研究专家；发表文章2000余篇；主编《英语满分作文》书系、《英语奥林匹克》、《英语写作素材大辞典》、《现代英汉双解大辞典》、《多功能英汉大辞典》等300余本畅销全国的教学及竞赛辅导用书。

本节内容包含：写作概述 + 核心词汇（分类别）+ 提分词块（分类别）+ 经典佳句（分类别）+ 优美语段（分类别）+ 素材运用（分类别）

◆写作概述

以叙事为主的记叙文旨在通过讲述一系列事件、展现人物形象与情节来吸引读者并传达特定的情感、主题或信息。

记叙文的核心要素之一是人物。人物是推动故事发展的关键，他们有着鲜明的个性、动机与目标，这些特质使人物形象鲜活且易于读者产生共鸣。比如在一个关于少年成长的故事中，主角对梦想的执着追求以及面对挫折时的坚韧性格，就是其重要的人物特征。

情节则是记叙文的骨架。通常有开篇，用于引入背景、介绍人物与初始情境；中间部分包含一系列事件，往往伴随着情节的起伏与冲突，冲突既可以是人物内心的挣扎，如道德困境中的抉择，也可以是外在的对抗，像与恶劣环境或反派角色的斗争；结尾需达成某种解决或结局，尽管不一定是皆大欢喜，但要给予故事完整性与结束感。例如讲述一段校园生活的故事，开头描述新环境与新同学，中间出现同学间的误解与矛盾冲突，结尾则是误会消除重归于好或者大家在经历中有所成长与感悟。

背景设定也不容忽视。它为故事构建舞台，无论是古代的宫廷、现代的都市还是虚构的奇幻世界，背景都能营造氛围并影响人物的行为与抉择。

此外，记叙文常运用生动的描写性语言，细致刻画人物外貌、场景环境与事件过程，使读者仿若身临其境。同时，对话也是重要手段，人物间的交谈能展现其内心想法与相互关系，进一步推动情节发展并深化故事内涵。总之，记叙文凭借巧妙的叙事技巧，成为了一种极具感染力与表现力的文体，能够有效地传递作者的意图并触动读者的心灵。

◆核心词汇

一、人物相关

名词：

1. protagonist（n. 主角）

2. antagonist（n. 反派）

3. hero（n. 英雄）

4. heroine（n. 女英雄）

5. figure（n. 人物形象）

6. identity（n. 身份）

7. role（n. 角色）

8. individual（n. 个人）

动词：

1. act（v. 行动）

2. behave（v. 表现）

3. react（v. 反应）

4. struggle（v. 挣扎）

5. achieve（v. 达成）

6. fail（v. 失败）

7. succeed（v. 成功）

8. pursue（v. 追求）

形容词：

1. ambitious（adj. 有野心的）

2. confident（adj. 自信的）

3. timid（adj. 胆小的）

4. strong-willed（adj. 意志坚强的）

5. kind-hearted（adj. 心地善良的）

6. mean（adj. 刻薄的）

7. intelligent（adj. 聪明的）

8. ignorant（adj. 无知的）

二、时间相关

名词：

1. moment（n. 时刻）

2. minute（n. 分钟）

3. hour（n. 小时）

4. day（n. 天）

5. night（n. 夜晚）

6. week（n. 周）

7. month（n. 月）

8. year（n. 年）

9. decade（n. 十年）

10. century（n. 世纪）

副词：

1. immediately（adv. 立即）

2. soon（adv. 很快）

3. later（adv. 后来）

4. afterwards（adv. 之后）

5. before（adv. 之前）

6. earlier（adv. 更早）

7. meanwhile（adv. 与此同时）

8. then（adv. 然后）

三、地点相关

名词：

1. place（n. 地方）

2. location（n. 位置）

3. site（n. 地点）

4. street（n. 街道）

5. building（n. 建筑物）

6. room（n. 房间）

7. town（n. 城镇）

8. city（n. 城市）

9. countryside（n. 乡村）

10. forest（n. 森林）

介词：

1. at（prep. 在……）

2. in（prep. 在……里面）

3. on（prep. 在……上面）

4. under（prep. 在……下面）

5. beside（prep. 在……旁边）

6. behind（prep. 在……后面）

7. in front of（prep. 在……前面）

8. near（prep. 在……附近）

四、情感相关

名词：

1. emotion（n. 情感）

2. feeling（n. 感觉）

3. happiness（n. 幸福）

4. sadness（n. 悲伤）

5. anger（n. 愤怒）

6. fear（n. 恐惧）

7. joy（n. 喜悦）

8. disappointment（n. 失望）

动词：

1. feel（v. 感觉）

2. experience（v. 经历）

3. express（v. 表达）

4. hide（v. 隐藏）

5. show（v. 展示）

6. overcome（v. 克服）

7. suffer（v. 遭受）

8. enjoy（v. 享受）

形容词：

1. happy（adj. 开心的）

2. sad（adj. 悲伤的）

3. angry（adj. 生气的）

4. fearful（adj. 害怕的）

5. joyful（adj. 喜悦的）

6. disappointed（adj. 失望的）

7. excited（adj. 兴奋的）

8. calm（adj. 平静的）

◆提分词块

一、人物描写

1. a pair of bright eyes（一双明亮的眼睛）

2. a warm smile on one's face（脸上带着温暖的微笑）

3. with a determined look（带着坚定的神情）

4. a tall and slender figure（高挑苗条的身材）

5. a middle-aged man with a bald head（一个中年秃头男子）

6. a little girl with pigtails（扎着辫子的小女孩）

7. be of good character（品德良好）

8. have a strong personality（有很强的个性）

二、情节发展

1. all of a sudden（突然）

2. at first sight（乍一看）

3. in the beginning（起初）

4. as time goes by（随着时间的推移）

5. from then on（从那时起）

6. later on（后来）

7. in the meantime（在此期间）

8. at the critical moment（在关键时刻）

9. reach a climax（达到高潮）

10. come to an end（结束）

11. make a decision（做决定）

12. take action（采取行动）

13. face a challenge（面临挑战）

14. overcome difficulties（克服困难）

三、情感表达

1. be filled with joy（充满喜悦）

2. burst into tears（突然大哭）

3. with a heavy heart（心情沉重）

4. feel on top of the world（感到欣喜若狂）

5. be extremely angry（极其愤怒）

6. be scared to death（吓得要死）

7. a sense of achievement（成就感）

8. a feeling of loneliness（孤独感）

9. express one's gratitude（表达感激之情）

10. show one's affection（表达爱意）

四、环境描写

1. a beautiful landscape（美丽的风景）

2. a quiet and peaceful village（宁静祥和的村庄）

3. a bustling city street（熙熙攘攘的城市街道）

4. under the blue sky（在蓝天下）

5. beside a crystal-clear river（在清澈的小河边）

6. in a dense forest（在茂密的森林里）

7. a sunny day（阳光明媚的一天）

8. a stormy night（暴风雨之夜）

9. a dark and damp cellar（黑暗潮湿的地窖）

10. a magnificent palace（宏伟的宫殿）

11. a ruined castle（废弃的城堡）

12. a vast grassland（广阔的草原）

◆经典佳句

一、人物刻画

1. With a twinkle in his eye and a mischievous grin, he always seemed up to something. （他眼中闪烁着光芒，带着调皮的笑容，似乎总是在谋划着什么。）

2. She was a petite girl with delicate features, yet her determination was as strong as steel. （她是个身材娇小、面容精致的女孩，但她的决心却如钢铁般坚强。）

3. His broad shoulders and confident stride made him stand out in a crowd. （他宽阔的肩膀和自信的步伐使他在人群中脱颖而出。）

4. The old man, with his wrinkled face and wise eyes, told stories that captivated everyone. （这位满脸皱纹、眼神睿智的老人所讲的故事吸引了每一个人。）

5. She had long, flowing hair that seemed to have a life of its own, dancing in the wind. （她有着长长的、飘动的头发，仿佛有自己的生命，在风中舞动。）

二、情节叙述

1. Out of nowhere, a strange noise interrupted the peaceful silence. （突然，一阵奇怪的噪音打破了宁静的寂静。）

2. Just when everything seemed to be going smoothly, a major setback occurred. （就在一切似乎都进展顺利的时候，一个重大挫折出现了。）

3. The events unfolded one after another, like a chain reaction that couldn't be stopped. （）事件一个接一个地展开，就像无法停止的连锁反应。

4. As the day wore on, the situation became more and more tense. （随着时间的推移，情况变得越来越紧张。）

5. With each passing minute, the mystery deepened, leaving everyone in suspense. （每过一分钟，谜团就加深一分，让每个人都处于悬念之中。）

三、情感表达

1. Overwhelmed with joy, she couldn't contain her excitement and let out a squeal. （她被喜悦淹没，无法抑制自己的兴奋，发出了一声尖叫。）

2. His heart sank as he realized the gravity of the mistake he had made. （当他意识到自己所犯错误的严重性时，他的心一沉。）

3. Filled with anger, he clenched his fists and stormed out of the room. （他满腔怒火，握紧拳头，冲出了房间。）

4. A sense of relief washed over her when she finally heard the good news. （当她终于听到好消息时，一种解脱感涌上心头。）

5. She was on the verge of tears, her emotions a jumbled mess. （她快要哭了，情绪一团糟。）

四、环境描绘

1. The sun was setting, casting a golden glow over the entire landscape. （太阳正在落山，给整个风景蒙上了一层金色的光辉。）

2. The forest was thick and dense, with sunlight barely filtering through the leaves. （森林茂密，阳光几乎无法透过树叶。）

3. The small cottage nestled at the foot of the hill, surrounded by a sea of wildflowers. （小农舍坐落在山脚下，周围是一片野花的海洋。）

4. The city streets were bustling with activity, people and vehicles moving in all directions. （城市街道熙熙攘攘，人和车辆四处穿梭。）

5. The beach was deserted, with only the sound of the waves crashing against the shore. （海滩上空无一人，只有海浪拍打海岸的声音。）

五、时间表述

1. In the early hours of the morning, when the world was still asleep, he was already up and about. （在清晨，当世界还在沉睡时，他已经起床四处活动了。）

2. As the clock struck midnight, a strange hush fell over the old mansion. （当午夜钟声敲响时，古老的豪宅里弥漫着一种奇怪的寂静。）

3. Years passed by in a blink of an eye, yet the memories still remained vivid. （岁月转瞬即逝，但记忆依然鲜活。）

4. The long, hot summer days seemed to drag on forever. （漫长炎热的夏日似乎永远没有尽头。）

5. It was a moment in time that would be etched in his memory for eternity. （这是一个将永远铭刻在他记忆中的时刻。）

六、对话引用

1. “What on earth are you doing here?” she asked in a surprised tone.（“你到底在这里做什么？” 她惊讶地问道。）

2. “I have no idea what you're talking about,” he replied, looking confused. （“我不知道你在说什么，” 他回答道，看起来很困惑。）

3. “You can't be serious!” exclaimed the young man, his eyes wide open. （“你不是认真的吧！” 年轻人叫道，眼睛睁得大大的。）

4. “Let's just calm down and talk this through,” she said soothingly. （“我们先冷静下来，好好谈谈，” 她安慰地说。）

5. “I promise I'll make it up to you,” he vowed, his voice filled with determination.（ “我保证我会补偿你，” 他发誓道，声音充满决心。）

七、悬念设置

1. Little did he know that his seemingly innocent decision would lead to a series of disasters. （他几乎不知道他看似无辜的决定会导致一系列灾难。）

2. What was hidden in the attic remained a mystery, a secret waiting to be uncovered. （阁楼里藏着什么仍然是个谜，一个有待揭开的秘密。）

3. The strange package that arrived at her doorstep had no return address, sparking her curiosity. （送到她家门口的奇怪包裹没有寄回地址，激起了她的好奇心。）

4. As he entered the abandoned building, he couldn't shake off the feeling that he was being watched. （当他走进废弃的大楼时，他无法摆脱被监视的感觉。）

5. The sudden disappearance of the key witness added a new layer of complexity to the case. （关键证人的突然失踪给案件增添了新的复杂性。）

八、转折对比

1. She was an excellent student, but when it came to sports, she was completely hopeless. （她是个优秀的学生，但一涉及到体育，她就完全不行了。）

2. The city was known for its modern architecture, yet it also had pockets of ancient history. （这座城市以其现代建筑而闻名，但它也有一些古老历史的角落。）

3. He had always been a shy and reserved person, in contrast to his outgoing and talkative sister. （与他外向健谈的妹妹相比，他一直是个害羞内向的人。）

4. The restaurant had a great reputation, however, the food we had there last night was a huge disappointment. （这家餐厅名声很好，然而，我们昨晚在那里吃的食物却非常令人失望。）

5. The movie started off really slow, but it picked up pace in the second half and became quite exciting. （电影开头很慢，但后半部分加快了节奏，变得相当精彩。）

九、结尾总结

1. In retrospect, it was a journey filled with challenges, but also one that taught him valuable lessons. （回顾过去，这是一段充满挑战的旅程，但也是一段教会他宝贵经验的旅程。）

2. After all the trials and tribulations, they emerged stronger and more united than ever. （经过所有的艰难困苦，他们比以往任何时候都更强大、更团结。）

3. The experience had been a rollercoaster ride of emotions, leaving her with a new perspective on life. （这段经历是一场情感的过山车，让她对生活有了新的看法。）

4. When the dust settled, they realized that the true meaning of friendship had been tested and proven. （当一切平息后，他们意识到友谊的真正含义已经得到了考验和证明。）

5. Looking back, it was clear that every twist and turn in the story had led them to where they were today. （回首往事，很明显故事中的每一个曲折都把他们带到了今天的位置。）

◆优美语段

一、校园生活

Last week, our school held a science fair. I participated with my project on solar energy. I had spent weeks preparing it, conducting experiments and gathering data. When the fair started, I was nervous. But as I explained my project to the judges and visitors, I became more confident. Many people showed great interest and asked me questions. In the end, I won the second prize. It was a wonderful experience that made me more interested in science and gave me a chance to show my creativity.

上周，我们学校举办了一场科技展。我带着我的太阳能项目参加了。我花了好几周准备它，做实验并收集数据。展会开始时，我很紧张。但当我向评委和参观者解释我的项目时，我变得更自信了。很多人表现出极大的兴趣并问我问题。最后，我获得了二等奖。这是一次很棒的经历，让我对科学更感兴趣，也给了我一个展示创造力的机会。

二、家庭故事

Last Sunday was my mother's birthday. My father and I decided to make a special dinner for her. We went shopping in the morning and bought all her favorite ingredients. When we got home, we started cooking. I was in charge of making the salad while my father cooked the main course. We also baked a cake. Although we faced some small problems like burning the food a little bit, in the end, we managed to make a delicious meal. When my mother saw the dinner and the cake, she was extremely happy and we all had a great time.

上个星期天是我妈妈的生日。我和爸爸决定为她做一顿特别的晚餐。我们早上去购物，买了她所有喜欢的食材。回到家后，我们就开始做饭。我负责做沙拉，爸爸做主菜。我们还烤了一个蛋糕。虽然我们遇到了一些小问题，比如把食物稍微烧焦了一点，但最后，我们还是成功做出了美味的一餐。当妈妈看到晚餐和蛋糕时，她非常开心，我们都度过了一段美好的时光。

三、旅行经历

During the summer vacation, I went to Huangshan with my friends. We started climbing early in the morning. The scenery along the way was breathtaking. The strange-shaped rocks and the sea of clouds made us feel like we were in a fairyland. However, the climbing was really tiring. We had to stop and take breaks frequently. At one point, we almost gave up because it was so difficult. But we encouraged each other and finally reached the top. Standing on the summit and looking at the beautiful view below, we all felt a great sense of achievement.

暑假期间，我和朋友们去了黄山。我们一大早开始爬山。沿途的风景令人叹为观止。奇形怪状的石头和云海让我们感觉仿佛置身仙境。然而，爬山真的很累。我们不得不经常停下来休息。有一次，因为太难了，我们几乎要放弃。但我们互相鼓励，最终到达了山顶。站在山顶看着下面美丽的景色，我们都有一种巨大的成就感。

四、个人成长

When I first started learning the piano, I was full of enthusiasm. But after a few months, I found it was much harder than I thought. I had to practice the same piece over and over again and still couldn't play it well. I got frustrated and wanted to give up. However, my teacher encouraged me to keep going. She told me that every great pianist had gone through this stage. So I started to practice more patiently. Little by little, I improved. Now, I can play many beautiful pieces and I understand that perseverance is the key to success.

当我刚开始学钢琴时，我充满了热情。但几个月后，我发现它比我想象的要难多了。我不得不反复练习同一首曲子，但仍然弹不好。我很沮丧，想要放弃。然而，我的老师鼓励我继续下去。她告诉我每个伟大的钢琴家都经历过这个阶段。于是我开始更耐心地练习。渐渐地，我进步了。现在，我能弹奏很多美妙的曲子，我也明白了坚持是成功的关键。

五、意外事件

One day, I was walking home from school. Suddenly, I heard a loud noise. I looked around and saw a car had hit a tree by the roadside. I quickly ran over to see if the driver was okay. The driver was a middle-aged man. He seemed a bit shocked but not seriously injured. I helped him call the police and an ambulance. While waiting, I tried to comfort him. When the ambulance and the police arrived, they praised me for my quick action. This experience made me realize that in an emergency, we should stay calm and help others as much as we can.

一天，我正从学校走路回家。突然，我听到一声巨响。我环顾四周，看到一辆汽车撞到了路边的一棵树。我迅速跑过去看司机是否安好。司机是一位中年男子。他看起来有点受惊，但伤势不重。我帮他打电话叫了警察和救护车。在等待的时候，我试着安慰他。当救护车和警察到达时，他们称赞我行动迅速。这次经历让我意识到在紧急情况下，我们应该保持冷静并尽我们所能帮助他人。

◆素材运用

经典考题1（校园故事）

假设你是李华，讲述一次你在校园中参加社团活动的难忘经历。内容包括活动的名称、过程以及你的感受。注意：写作词数应为80个左右。

【范文1】

Last semester, I joined the school's drama club. We were preparing for a play named "Romeo and Juliet". Rehearsals were intense. We spent hours after school learning lines, perfecting our gestures and expressions. I played a minor role, but I still gave it my all. On the day of the performance, I was extremely nervous. However, when I stepped onto the stage and saw the audience, something clicked. I immersed myself in the role and delivered my lines smoothly. After the show, we received a standing ovation. I felt a sense of accomplishment and realized the power of teamwork and dedication in a club activity.

亮点点评：

⑴内容：清晰地描述了参加戏剧社团准备《罗密欧与朱丽叶》演出的过程，从排练到演出，情节完整，且突出了自己的角色和感受，很好地满足了题目要求。

⑵语言：运用了如 “intense，immersed myself in，a sense of accomplishment” 等词汇，使文章表达较为生动丰富，句式较为多样，如 “We spent hours...learning lines...” 等，展现了较好的语言功底。

【范文2】

It was a memorable experience when I participated in the school's painting club competition. The theme was "My Dream Campus". I started by sketching the outline of the old library, which was the most beautiful building in my eyes. Then, I carefully chose colors to bring it to life. During the process, I got stuck with the color combination of the sky. But my clubmates gave me great suggestions. We worked together, sharing ideas and techniques. Finally, my painting won the third prize. This activity not only improved my painting skills but also strengthened my friendship with clubmates. I learned that cooperation can make our creative journey more fruitful.

亮点点评：

⑴内容：围绕绘画社团比赛展开，详细描述了绘画的主题、过程以及遇到的问题和最终结果，同时阐述了活动带来的收获，内容充实且有条理。

⑵语言：使用了如 “memorable，bring it to life，got stuck with” 等词汇，使文章富有表现力，且通过 “not only...but also...” 等句式丰富了文章的结构，体现了一定的语言运用能力。

经典考题2（家庭亲情）

请你讲述一件发生在家庭中的事情，这件事让你对亲情有了更深的理解。注意：写作词数应为80个左右。

【范文1】

Last winter, my grandmother fell ill. My parents and I took turns taking care of her. I remember one night, when it was my turn to stay with her. She couldn't sleep well and kept coughing. I got up, made her some warm tea and sat by her bedside, chatting with her. She told me stories about her youth. That night, I saw the vulnerability in her and realized how much she had sacrificed for our family. Through this experience, I understood that family love is not just about happiness but also sharing difficulties and being there for each other in tough times.

亮点点评：

⑴内容：以祖母生病家人照顾为叙事线索，详细描述了照顾祖母过程中的一个夜晚的情景，通过与祖母的互动深刻地体会到亲情的内涵，内容真挚感人，紧扣主题。

⑵语言：词汇运用较为准确，如 “vulnerability，sacrificed” 等，生动地描绘出祖母的状态和形象，语言平实却富有情感力量，能够引起读者共鸣。

【范文2】

When I was a child, my family went on a trip to the mountains. But on the way, our car broke down. We were in a rather remote area. My father immediately started to check the car while my mother comforted me and my younger sister. After several attempts, my father couldn't fix it. Then, he walked a long way to find help. It was getting dark and we were all worried. But finally, he came back with a mechanic. This incident made me see how my parents protected us and how strong the bond of our family was. In difficult situations, we could rely on each other and that's the essence of family love.

亮点点评：

⑴内容：讲述家庭旅行途中汽车抛锚的经历，重点描写了父亲寻找帮助的过程以及家人的反应，从这个事件中感悟到家庭亲情在困难时刻的力量，情节有起伏，主题突出。

⑵语言：使用了如 “remote，bond，essence” 等词汇提升文章档次，且句子结构较为清晰，如 “While my mother comforted...my father started...” 体现了较好的语言组织能力，使文章读起来流畅自然。

经典考题3（个人挑战）

描述你曾经面临的一次个人挑战，如学习一门新技能、参加体育比赛等，以及你是如何克服它的。注意：写作词数应为80个左右。

【范文1】

I decided to learn skateboarding last summer. At first, it was extremely difficult. I couldn't even balance on the board. I fell down countless times and got bruises all over my body. But I didn't give up. I watched tutorial videos online and practiced in the park every day. I learned how to adjust my body position and control the direction. Slowly, I could skate a short distance without falling. Then, I started to try some simple tricks. After months of hard work, I could skateboard quite well. This experience taught me that perseverance and the right learning methods can help me overcome any personal challenge.

亮点点评：

⑴内容：围绕学习滑板这一挑战展开，详细描述了开始时的困难、学习的途径以及逐渐进步的过程，最后得出关于克服挑战的感悟，内容完整且逻辑清晰。

⑵语言：运用了如 “countless，bruises，perseverance” 等词汇，准确地表达了学习过程中的艰辛与收获，且句式较为灵活，如 “At first...Then...” 体现了过程的递进，增强了文章的连贯性。

【范文2】

Running a marathon was a huge personal challenge for me. I had never run such a long distance before. The training was tough. I had to get up early in the morning and run several kilometers every day. My legs were always sore. On the day of the marathon, I felt extremely nervous. In the middle of the race, I almost wanted to quit because I was so tired. But I remembered my goal and the efforts I had made. I kept going, step by step. Finally, I crossed the finish line. This made me understand that self-discipline and a strong will can enable me to conquer challenges that seem impossible at first.

亮点点评：

⑴内容：以参加马拉松比赛为叙事核心，讲述了赛前训练的艰难、比赛中的挣扎以及最终坚持完成比赛的过程，深刻地体现了个人挑战的不易与克服挑战后的感悟，内容充实且富有感染力。

⑵语言：使用了如 “huge，sore，self-discipline” 等词汇，使文章表达生动形象，且通过 “because，but” 等连接词使文章逻辑紧密，展现了较强的语言驾驭能力。