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2014 年英语二· Text 4 真题精讲
发布时间：2026-10-02 08:52:34 最近访问：2026-10-02 08:52:34
2014 年英语二· Text 4 真题精讲
| | | 2014年考研英语二 · Text 4 · 详解版 |
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| 本文是一篇典型的英国政策评论(经济+民生),聚焦"可负担住房"(affordable housing)。核心脉络:先抛现象——政府谈基建只提路、桥、宽带,住房被忽略;再析原因——项目规模小 + 高度政治敏感;后转解决——"全面支出审查"窗口下,政府虽有放宽借款上限的迹象,但 2015 年到期的拨款项目大概率不再续期,住房部门必须接受"政府资助时代落幕"的新现实。全文共 8 段,主题词:affordable housing / cap / grants / rental environment / local authorities。出现大量英国政治专名(财政大臣、社区大臣、联合政府、工党),需快速建立"谁是谁、谁想干什么"的人物表。(提示:文中 repeatedly 出现 "politically charged / historical prejudices / large-scale public grants" 这类评价性表达,命题人常据此设"作者态度"题,注意区分"作者观点"与"转述他人观点"。) |
| | | 🔴 红粗 = 谓语动词 🔵 蓝粗 = 连词 🟡 黄底 = 从句 / 重点短语 |
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| ①When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. ② Housing is seldom mentioned. |
| 译文:①当政府谈论对经济有贡献的基础设施时,焦点通常是公路、铁路、宽带和能源。②而住房却很少被提及。 |
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| ① Why is that? ② To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. ③ We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. ④ Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. ⑤ It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. ⑥ But perhaps the most significant reason isthat the issue has always been so politically charged. |
| 译文:①为什么会这样?②在一定程度上,住房部门难辞其咎。③我们不善于传达住房对经济增长所能作出的实际贡献。④其次是普通住房项目本身规模小。⑤在数十亿英镑级的基础设施项目堆里,它很难挤进人们的视线,所以关注点被引向别处不可避免。⑥但也许最重要的原因在于,住房问题向来带有浓重的政治色彩。 |
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| to some extentshoulder the blame 承担责任,难辞其咎 shove for attention 挤进视野,争取关注(shove v. 推挤) multibillion-pound adj. 数十亿英镑的 politically charged 带有政治色彩的,政治上敏感的(charge v. 使充满) |
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| ①Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. ② Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes. |
| 译文:①尽管如此,可负担住房的形势已十分严峻。②轮候名单不断变长,而我们根本没有建造足够的新住房。 |
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| neverthelessaffordable housing 可负担住房(保障性住房) |
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| ① The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. ② It needs to put historical prejudices to one side andtake some steps to address our urgent housing need. |
| 译文:①全面支出审查为政府提供了一个帮助纠正这一局面的机会。②政府需要把历史偏见搁置一旁,采取一些措施来解决我们迫在眉睫的住房需求。 |
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| comprehensive spending reviewhistorical prejudices 历史偏见(prejudice n. 偏见) |
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| ① There are some indications that it is preparingto do just that. ② The communities minister, Don Foster, has hintedthat George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. ③ Evidence showsthat 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%. |
| 译文:①有一些迹象表明,政府正准备这样做。②社区大臣唐·福斯特暗示,财政大臣乔治·奥斯本可能给当前的借款上限带来更多灵活性——这一上限约束的是地方政府以其住房存量债务为抵押所能借入的金额。③有证据显示,如果上限被取消,未来五年可多建 6 万套新住房,使 GDP 增长 0.6%。 |
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| indicationcommunities minister 社区大臣 Chancellor of the Exchequer (英国)财政大臣 local authorities 地方当局,地方政府 |
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| ① Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, whichwould have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues. |
| 译文:①部长们还应该着手在租赁环境中创造更大的确定性,这将显著影响注册供应商用收入为新开发项目提供资金的能力。 |
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| ministercertainty n. 确定性(certain adj. 确定的) registered providers 注册供应商(指登记在册的住房供应机构) |
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| ①But it is not just down to the government. ② While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5 bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then. ③ The Labour party has recently announcedthat it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if it returns to power. ④ The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants. ⑤ We need to adjust to this changing climate. |
| 译文:①但这不仅仅取决于政府。②尽管这些措施短期内会受到欢迎,但我们必须正视一个事实:目前用于资助新可负担住房的 45 亿英镑拨款项目定于 2015 年到期,届时很可能不会再延长。③工党最近宣布,如果重新执政,将保留联合政府支出计划的大部分。④住房部门需要接受,我们极不可能再回到大规模公共拨款的时代。⑤我们需要适应这一变化的环境。 |
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| be down to£4.5 bn 45 亿英镑(bn = billion) set to expire 定于到期(expire v. 到期,失效) large-scale public grants 大规模公共拨款 |
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| ①While the government's commitment to long-term funding may have changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real andis not going away. |
| 译文:①尽管政府对长期资助的承诺可能已改变,但对更多可负担住房的迫切需求是真实存在的,而且不会消失。 |
| 【句 2⑥】转折 + 表语从句——"最重要的原因"在从句里But perhaps the most significant reason isthat the issue has always been so politically charged.结构:But + 主系表。表语是 that 引导的表语从句。so politically charged = "如此充满政治色彩"。考点:前文列了两个原因(不善于宣传价值、项目规模小),But 一转折,重心就落到第三个原因——"政治因素",第 36 题答案 B 正出于此。 |
| 【句 5②】宾语从句套定语从句——全篇最长最难The communities minister, Don Foster, has hintedthat George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.结构:主语(含同位语 Don Foster) + 谓语 has hinted + 宾语从句(that 引导,谓语 may introduce)。宾语从句里又套一个定语从句修饰 the amount:地方政府能借多少钱受到 cap 限制。考点:读懂"cap"限制的是地方当局借款额(allow = 放宽上限),第 38 题 A 即"允许更大债务"。 |
| 【句 7②】让步从句 + 同位语从句(带长插入语)While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5 bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then.结构:While 让步状语从句 + 主句。主句里 fact 后接同位语从句,说明 fact 的内容。同位语从句主语 the programme of grants 与谓语 is unlikely 之间,插入 set to expire in 2015(过去分词短语作后置定语)。把插入语先拿掉,主谓关系立刻清晰。考点:unlikely to be extended = 不再延续拨款,第 40 题答案 D(stop generous funding)。 |
| | | STEP 1 找定位词 → STEP 2 找定位句 → STEP 3 精读定位句 → STEP 4 匹配合适选项 |
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📌 第 36 题The author believes that the housing sector ______.[A] has attracted much attention[B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] has lost its real value in economy| 【STEP 1 · 找定位词】 主体是 the housing sector(住房部门),题干问"作者认为它怎么了" → 锁定第 2 段原因分析。【STEP 2 · 找定位句】第 2 段②⑥:To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. / But perhaps the most significant reason isthat the issue has always been so politically charged.【STEP 3 · 精读定位句】作者列住房被冷落的原因:①自身难辞其咎(只承担"一部分"blame);②项目规模小;③But 转折后最重要——问题太具政治敏感性。重心在最后这个原因。【STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项】[A] 吸引了很多关注 → 第 1 段说"seldom mentioned",与事实相反 ✗[B] 涉及某些政治因素 → = politically charged,involve 换说政治因素 ✓[C] 承担了过多责任 → 原文只是 "to some extent ... shoulder the blame",程度被夸大 ✗[D] 在经济中失去了真正价值 → 第 2 段③说它有 real value,只是没被传达好,非"失去" ✗答案:B |
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📌 第 37 题It can be learned that affordable housing has ______.[A] increased its home supply[B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases[D] disappointed the government| 【STEP 1 · 找定位词】 affordable housing + 题干暗示其"遭遇" → 看第 3 段现状与第 4 段政府态度。【STEP 2 · 找定位句】第 3 段①-②:the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase...we are simply not building enough new homes. 第 4 段②:It needs to put historical prejudices to one side.【STEP 3 · 精读定位句】住房困境:轮候者增多、新房不足 → 供应没增加反而短缺。政府被要求"把历史偏见放一边" → 反推过去政府对 affordable housing 存在偏见(biases)。【STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项】[A] 增加了住房供应 → 与 "not building enough" 相反 ✗[B] 提供了支出机会 → 偷换:是 comprehensive spending review 给政府机会,不是住房提供了机会 ✗[C] 遭受了政府偏见 → = suffered from historical prejudices,与"put historical prejudices to one side"呼应 ✓[D] 让政府失望 → 无中生有,文中没有失望情绪 ✗答案:C |
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📌 第 38 题According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may ______.[A] allow greater government debt for housing[B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast| 【STEP 1 · 找定位词】 人名 George Osborne + Paragraph 5 → 精确定位第 5 段②。【STEP 2 · 找定位句】George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.【STEP 3 · 精读定位句】"给 cap 引入更多灵活性" = 放宽上限 → 地方政府可借的钱变多 → 以住房名义负担更大债务被允许。第 5 段③的 if the cap were lifted 印证。【STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项】[A] 允许为住房背负更大政府债务 → 放宽借款上限 = 允许借更多 ✓[B] 阻止地方当局建房 → 与放宽上限(促进建房)相反 ✗[C] 准备削减住房存量债务 → 是"放宽以该债务为抵押的借款上限",不是减债 ✗[D] 发布上调后的 GDP 预测 → 原文只是"evidence shows...GDP 增 0.6%"的推演,非官方发布预测 ✗答案:A |
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📌 第 39 题It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would ______.[A] lower the costs of registered providers[B] lessen the impact of government interference[C] contribute to funding new developments[D] relieve the ministers of responsibilities| 【STEP 1 · 找定位词】 a stable rental environment → 对应第 6 段 creating greater certainty in the rental environment。【STEP 2 · 找定位句】Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, whichwould have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.【STEP 3 · 精读定位句】which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个"租赁环境更确定"这件事 → 它显著影响注册供应商用收入为新房开发融资的能力。stable → fund new developments 是直接的因果链。【STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项】[A] 降低注册供应商成本 → 原文讲 ability to fund,非"降低成本" ✗[B] 减轻政府干预影响 → 无中生有 ✗[C] 有助于为新开发项目融资 → = impact on the ability to fund new developments ✓[D] 为部长们卸下责任 → 无中生有 ✗答案:C |
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📌 第 40 题The author believes that after 2015, the government may ______.[A] implement more policies to support housing[B] review the need for large-scale public grants[C] renew the affordable housing grants programme[D] stop generous funding to the housing sector| 【STEP 1 · 找定位词】 after 2015 + the government → 第 7 段②(£4.5 bn grants set to expire in 2015)。【STEP 2 · 找定位句】we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5 bn programme of grants..., set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then. + ④we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants.【STEP 3 · 精读定位句】45 亿英镑拨款项目 2015 到期,很可能不再延长;更不可能回到大规模公共拨款时代 → 政府对住房部门的慷慨资助面临终止。【STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项】[A] 实施更多支持住房的政策 → 与拨款缩减方向相反 ✗[B] 重新评估大规模公共拨款需求 → 原文直接断言"极不可能回归",不是"评估需求" ✗[C] 续期可负担住房拨款项目 → 与 "unlikely to be extended" 直接相反 ✗[D] 停止对住房部门的大手笔资助 → unlikely to be extended + not return to era of grants ✓答案:D |
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| | 36B作者观点 | 37C细节推断 | 38A细节理解 | 39C推断引申 | 40D细节推断 |
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| 英国政策类文章三件套:先立"人物关系表"、再辨"作者观点 vs 转述观点"、最后警惕 "unlikely / may / could" 等情态词——它们决定选项的肯定程度。2014 英语二 Text 1-4 全系列精讲已齐,下期:2015 英语二新题型预告。 |