ARTICLE · 1130428
人教版 高中英语 必修1 U1词汇讲解
Listening and Speaking |
teenage/ˈtiːneɪdʒ/adj. 〔常用于名词前〕(P11)
十几岁的（指 13～19 岁）；青少年的
teenager/ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/n. [C](P11 & P18)
（13～19 岁的）青少年
▸构词：teenage + -er（……的人）
teen/tiːn/n. [C]
①〔非正式用语〕（13～19 岁的）青少年
②〔用复数〕青少年时期（13～19 岁之间的阶段）
● early / late teens十三四岁 / 十八九岁
● in one's teens在某人十几岁时
adj. 〔非正式用语〕青少年的
ballet/ˈbæleɪ/n. [C] & [U](P12)
芭蕾舞；芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞乐曲
volunteer/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/n. [C](P12)
▸构词：volunt（自愿）+ -eer（……的人）
志愿者；自愿参加者
Schools need volunteers to teach children to read.学校需要教孩子阅读的志愿者。
Are there any volunteers to help clean the blackboard?有人自愿帮忙擦黑板吗？
vt. & vi. 自愿（做某事）；主动说
Tang Ling volunteered to help the welfare house.唐玲自愿去福利院帮忙。
Michael volunteered the information before I had a chance to ask.我还没来得及问，迈克尔就主动提供了信息。
If nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.如果没有别人愿意做的话，那我来做吧。〔2019 全国改〕
voluntary/ˈvɒləntri/adj.R¹ (P12)
志愿的；自愿的
▸构词：volunt + -ary（形容词后缀）
● do voluntary work做志愿工作
Attendance on the course is purely voluntary.听这门课纯属自愿。
debate/dɪˈbeɪt/vi. & vt. / n. [C] & [U]R³ (P12)
vt./vi. ①（正式）讨论；辩论（= discuss sth in a formal way or at a public meeting）
We debated for an hour on the advantages and disadvantages of his plan.我们讨论了一个小时他的计划的利与弊。
● debate (sth) with sb与某人讨论（某事）
We must debate the problem with the rest of the members.我们必须和其他成员讨论这个问题。
● debate + wh- 从句 / wh- to do
My friends and I sometimes debate whether or not there is life on other planets.我和朋友们有时会讨论在其他星球上是否存在生命。
vt./vi. ②反复考虑；斟酌（= think about or discuss sth before deciding what to do）
I was debating what to give my father this Christmas.我在考虑这个圣诞节送给父亲什么礼物。
n. 讨论；辩论；争论
● the Debate Club辩论社
● open / close a debate开始 / 终止辩论
● under debate在讨论 / 辩论中
There is a fierce / heated debate about / on / over the question whether the experiment should be allowed.在是否进行这个实验的问题上展开了激烈的争论。
prefer/prɪˈfɜː(r)/vt. (preferred, preferred)(P12)
更喜欢；更愿意（= like … better）
— Tea or coffee? — I'd prefer tea, thanks.——喝茶还是咖啡？——我更喜欢茶，谢谢。
She prefers her coffee black.她喜欢喝清咖啡。
①prefer sb / sth to do sth
I'd prefer you to start early.我希望你早点出发。
I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only.我希望我的英语课是全英语授课。
②prefer to do sth / doing sth
[课文] I prefer helping others.我喜欢帮助别人。
Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet.有些人喜欢在网上做几乎一切事情。〔2013 安徽〕
③prefer (doing) sth to (doing) sth
I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better.比起那条绿裙子，我更喜欢那条红色的，因为它更适合我。
I would prefer reading books to watching television.比起看电视，我还是更喜欢看书。
④prefer + that 从句
They preferred the money (should) be used for building schools and hospitals.他们更愿意拿这笔钱来建学校和医院。
I would prefer that you didn't mention my name.我希望你不要提我的名字。
▶preferable /ˈprefrəbl/ adj. 更可取的；更合适的
▶preferably /ˈprefrəbli/ adv. 更可取地
▶preferred /prɪˈfɜːd/ adj. 首选的；有优先权的
Physics is interesting, but it's not my preferred major.物理虽然很有趣，但不是我的首选专业。
content¹/ˈkɒntent/n. [C](P12)
①〔用复数〕（容器等）容纳的东西
She dropped her handbag and the contents fell out on the floor.她的手提袋掉在了地上，东西掉了一地。
②〔用复数〕（书刊等的）目录
It is advisable to look at the contents page of a book before buying it.买书前最好先看一看目录页。
③〔用单数〕（书籍、文章、演讲等的）主要内容
The content of your essay is excellent, but it's not very well expressed.你的文章内容非常好，但没有很好地表述出来。
④〔常用单数，用于名词后〕含量
● food with a high fat content脂肪含量高的食物
content²/kənˈtent/adj. / n. [U] / vt.
adj. 〔不用于名词前〕满意的；满足的（= happy and satisfied）
● (be) content with对……感到满意
I am content with second place, because I know that I tried my hardest.得第二名我就知足了，因为我知道自己已经尽最大努力了。
● (be) content (for sb) to do sth乐得（让某人）做某事；满足于
She is content to live quietly by herself.她愿意独自安静地生活。
n. [U] 满意；满足
● to one's heart's content尽情地；心满意足地
vt. 〔正式用语〕使满足；使满意
We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only.我们切不可仅仅满足于书本知识。
▶contented /kənˈtentɪd/ adj. 〔常用于名词前〕满意的；满足的
▶contentment /kənˈtentmənt/ n. [U] 满足；满意
movement/ˈmuːvmənt/n. [C] & [U](P12)
▸构词：move + -ment（名词后缀）
①（身体部位的）运动；动作；活动
[课文] learn new movements学习新的（舞蹈）动作
● eye movements眼部运动
②（政治、社会或思想的）运动
The artistic movement called the Renaissance began in Florence.这场被称为文艺复兴的艺术运动开始于佛罗伦萨。
greenhouse/ˈɡriːnhaʊs/n. [C](P12)
温室；暖房
▸构词：green + house
● greenhouse effect / gases温室效应 / 气体
clean upphr. v.(P12)
（把……）打扫干净；（使）梳洗整齐；使净化
You may use the room as you like so long as you clean it up afterwards.你可以随便使用这个房间，只是要在用完后打扫干净。
It may now be too late to clean up the river after such heavy pollution.这条河遭到如此严重的污染，现在净化它可能太迟了。
suitable/ˈsuːtəbl; ˈsjuːtəbl/adj.(P12)
适合的；适宜的反 unsuitable
● suitable time / work合适的时间 / 工作
I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party.我没有适合在晚会上穿的衣服。
● (be) suitable for对……适合的
This programme is not suitable for children.这个节目儿童不宜。
Not all men are suitable for that kind of work.不是所有的人都适合从事那类工作。
actually/ˈæktʃuəli/adv.(P13)
▸构词：actual + -ly（副词后缀）
①〔强调真实情况〕实际上；事实上
Since "life is a stage", we are actually all actors and actresses.既然“生活就是舞台”，那我们实际上都是演员。〔2008 湖南书面表达〕
②〔用于更礼貌地表示反对、纠正他人或拒绝他人提议等〕其实；说实话；实际上
Actually, on second thoughts, I don't think I want to go out tonight.说实在的，又想了想，今晚我不打算出去了。
③〔表示意外或与通常预期的相反〕居然；竟然
I didn't think I'd like the movie, but actually it was pretty good.我原以为自己不会喜欢这部电影，但它居然还挺不错的。〔2013 山东〕
actual/ˈæktʃuəl/adj. 〔只用于名词前〕
实际的；真实的
The actual cost was much higher than we had expected.实际费用比我们预料的高得多。
Reading and Thinking |
challenge/ˈtʃælɪndʒ/vt. / n. [C] & [U](P14)
vt. ①向……挑战；邀请……比赛
● challenge sb (to sth)向某人挑战（做某事）
I kept practicing until I became confident enough to challenge the good players.我一直不断练习，直至我有足够的信心向优秀选手挑战。〔2013 浙江书面表达〕
I challenged him to a game of chess.我邀请他跟我下一盘棋。
vt. ②对……质疑（= question whether sth is right, legal, etc.）
● challenge a view质疑某个观点
vt. ③考验……的能力（= test sb's ability and skills）
The job doesn't really challenge her.这项工作不能真正考验出她的能力。
n. ①挑战；具有挑战性的事情（= sth new and difficult that forces you to make a lot of effort）
[课文] Senior high school is a challenge.高中真是一个挑战。
● respond to / face the challenge回应 / 面对挑战
● accept / take up the challenge接受挑战
The government will have to meet / rise to the challenge of (= deal with it successfully) rising unemployment.政府将不得不迎接失业率上升的挑战。
n. ②质疑
It was a direct challenge to the president's authority.这是对主席权威的直接质疑。
n. ③（比赛、打斗等的）邀请 / 提议
They threw down the challenge that he couldn't wash 40 cars in one hour.他们向他发起挑战，说他不可能在一小时内洗 40 辆车。
▶challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/ R² adj. 有挑战性的
In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging.未来三年，我们的学校生活将充满挑战。〔2014 江西〕
title/ˈtaɪtl/n. [C] / vt.(P14)
n. 标题；书名；称号；冠军
The title of this play is Othello.这部戏剧名叫《奥赛罗》。
How many times did Michael Jordan's team win the NBA title?迈克尔·乔丹所在的球队得过几次 NBA 总冠军？
Li Yue has been awarded the title of "Star Student of the Week" for what she did for our class.李越因为她为我们班做的贡献，被授予“每周学生之星”的称号。〔2010 浙江书面表达〕
vt. 加标题于；授予……称号
topic/ˈtɒpɪk/n. [C](P14)
话题；题目
[课文] topic sentences主题句
● a hot / sensitive topic热门 / 敏感话题
Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.一定要切题，不要提供不相关的信息。
freshman/ˈfreʃmən/n. [C](P14)
（中学）九年级学生；（大学）一年级新生
confusing/kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/adj.(P14)
▸构词：confuse + -ing（形容词后缀）
令人困惑的；令人混淆的
[课文] The first week was a little confusing.高中的第一周我就有点迷茫。
confuse/kənˈfjuːz/vt.
①使困惑；使糊涂
It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.再解释一遍这个问题很重要，否则我们会让学生感到困惑。
②混淆；弄错（= mix up）
Don't confuse Austria with Australia.别把 Austria（奥地利）和 Australia（澳大利亚）弄混了。
confused/kənˈfjuːzd/adj.(P15)
▸构词：confuse + -ed（形容词后缀）
困惑的；糊涂的
If you have questions or are confused about anything, email me.如果你有问题或是对什么事有疑问，发邮件给我。
She gave me a confused look.她不解地看了我一眼。
confusion/kənˈfjuːʒn/n. [C] & [U]
▸构词：confuse + -ion（名词后缀）
①混乱；杂乱
● fall into confusion / mental confusion陷入混乱 / 精神错乱
②混淆；弄错
To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colors.为避免混淆，各队都穿了不同颜色的服装。
fluent/ˈfluːənt/adj.(P14)
流利的；流畅的
[课文] I hope to be fluent in Chinese when I graduate.我希望在毕业时能说一口流利的汉语。
I've been learning English for 10 years, and I speak fluent English.我学习英语已经 10 年了，能说一口流利的英语。〔2012 全国书面表达〕
▶fluently /ˈfluːəntli/ adv. 流利地；流畅地
▶fluency /ˈfluːənsi/ n. [U] 流利；流畅（fluents + -cy 名词后缀）
He speaks English with great fluency.他的英语说得非常流利。
graduate/ˈɡrædʒuət/ n. [C] / /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ v.(P14)
▸构词：gradu（步、级）+ -ate（名词后缀）
n. [C] 学位获得者；毕业生
● a graduate school / student研究生院 / 研究生
● a graduate in medicine / a medicine graduate医学专业毕业生
He's a graduate of Harvard.他是哈佛大学的毕业生。
vi. ①获得学位；毕业
He graduated in physics from Cambridge University.他是剑桥大学物理学专业毕业的。
vt. ②使……毕业；授予……学位
The college graduated 500 students last year.去年有 500 名学生从这所学院毕业。
vi. ③逐渐升级为
I quickly graduated from typical children's books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters.我很快就从读典型的儿童读物升级为读插图少、章节多的书。〔2020 浙江〕
graduation/ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn/n. [U] & [C]
▸构词：graduate + -ion（名词后缀）
①毕业
● a graduation certificate毕业证书
A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class.毕业一年后，我得到了一份教写作的工作。〔2011 广东〕
②毕业典礼
recommend/ˌrekəˈmend/vt.(P14)
①推荐；介绍（= say that sb / sth is good and that sb should try or use it）
I don't know what to read. Can you recommend anything?我不知道该读些什么，你能推荐点什么吗？〔2010 上海〕
This hotel is highly recommended.强烈推荐这家酒店。
● recommend sb / sth to sb把……推荐给某人
I recommend this book to anyone with an interest in art.我把这本书推荐给所有对艺术感兴趣的人。
● recommend sb / sth for sth推荐某人担任某职 / 某物作某用
She was recommended for the post by a colleague.一位同事推荐她担任这一职务。
②劝告；建议（= advise sb to do sth or should do sth）
recommend (that) ... (should) do sth
Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.为了安全起见，老师建议家长不要让 12 岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。〔2010 福建〕
recommend sb to do sth
The doctor recommended me to take a long rest.医生劝我长期休养。
recommend doing sth
I recommend meeting him first.我建议先见见他。
recommendation/ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn/n. [U] & [C]
▸构词：recommend + -ation（名词后缀）
①推荐；介绍
● a letter of recommendation推荐信
②正式建议；推荐信
● follow sb's recommendations听从某人的建议
sign up (for sth)phr.(P14)
报名参加（课程等）；登记注册
[课文] My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature.我的指导老师建议我选修高级文学。
I'm ready to sign up for the mid-July group.我准备报名参加 7 月中旬的那个团。
advanced/ədˈvɑːnst/adj.(P14)
▸构词：advance + -ed（形容词后缀）
①先进的；高级的（= very modern and highly developed）
Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication.多亏了先进技术，我们生活在通讯更通畅的年代。〔2015 北京〕
②（课程）高深的；高级的（= of a course of study at a high or difficult level）
● Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary《牛津高阶学习词典》
She was educated at Peking University, after which she went on to have her advanced study abroad.她先在北京大学学习，然后出国深造。
③晚期的；后期的
● sb's advanced age / of advanced years高龄；年事已高
advance/ədˈvɑːns/v. / n. [U] & [C]
vi. ①（尤指士兵）前进；向前移动
The army advanced across the plain.军队前进穿过平原。
vt. & vi. ②（使）进展；（使）进步
We have advanced greatly / significantly / considerably in our knowledge of the universe.我们对宇宙的认识取得了很大的进步。
This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning.这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。
vt. & vi. ③（时间）提前；（价格）上涨；预支（钱）
The date of the meeting was advanced from July 10 to July 1.会议日期已从 7 月 10 日提早到 7 月 1 日。
We are willing to advance the money to you / advance you the money.我们愿意把钱预支给你。
vt. ④促进；推动（= further）
She decided to go back to college to advance her career.为了促进职业的发展，她决定回到大学（继续学习）。〔2020 山东〕
vt. ⑤〔正式用语〕提出
● advance an idea / a theory / a plan提出想法 / 理论 / 计划
n. ①前进
n. ②进步；进展
● make great advances in science取得重大科学进步
● technological / scientific / medical advances技术 / 科学 / 医学上的进步
n. ③〔常用单数〕预付款项
● pay sb a $500 advance预付某人 500 美元
● in advance (of)提前（于……）；预先（于……）；超前（于……）
Thank you in advance.先行致谢。〔2013 全国书面表达〕
When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.当学生们在课前得知我的规矩后，他们中的一些人感到不快。〔2011 北京〕
adj. 〔只用于名词前〕预先的
Advance reservations are / booking is required.需要提前预订。〔2017 全国改〕
We received no advance warning of smog.我们没有收到雾霾预警。
literature/ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/n. [U](P14)
文学；文献资料
● classical / modern literature古典 / 现代文学
● literature on the history of science科学史的文献资料
extra-curricular/ˌekstrəkəˈrɪkjələ(r)/adj. 〔常用于名词前〕(P14)
课外的
extra/ˈekstrə/adj. / n. [C] / adv.
adj. ①〔只用于名词前〕额外的；外加的（= additional）
● do extra work加班
Festival food will be served without extra charge.节日食物供应不额外收费。〔2013 四川〕
adj. ②〔不用于名词前〕另外收费的
In our hotel room service is not extra.我们旅馆不另收房间服务费。
n. [C] 额外的事物；另外收费的事物
The service charge is an extra.服务费另计。
adv. 额外地；特别地；非常
● work extra hard工作特别努力
I paid extra for a good room.为了住个好房间，我额外付了费。
obviously/ˈɒbviəsli/adv. 〔句子副词〕(P14)
▸构词：obvious + -ly
显而易见地（= clearly）
[课文] Obviously, I was unhappy, but I won't quit.很显然，我并不高兴，但我不会放弃。
obvious/ˈɒbviəs/adj.
明显的；显而易见的（= clear / apparent）
It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.学生们很清楚他们应该为将来做好充分准备。〔2009 天津〕
quit/kwɪt/vt. & vi. (quit/quitted, quit/quitted)(P14)
①〔非正式用语〕离开（工作、学校等）
● quit a job / quit school辞职 / 辍学
②〔非正式用语〕停止；戒除（= stop doing sth bad or annoying）
He didn't quit, and he became a great pianist.他没有放弃，最终成为一名伟大的钢琴家。
quit doing sth
My father has quit smoking at last.我父亲终于戒了烟。
③关闭 / 退出（计算机程序等）
responsible/rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj.(P14)
①〔不用于名词前〕负责的；尽责的（= having a duty to be in charge of or to look after sb or sth）
● be responsible for对人或事“负责的”
[课文] I'll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more.作为高中生我得更加努力地学习，学会习惯承担更多的责任。
You're responsible for washing out your own lab equipment and putting it away.你负责把你自己的实验室设备洗干净并放好。〔2017 全国〕
②（人）有责任心的反 irresponsible
● a responsible teacher负责任的老师
It's time you started acting like a responsible adult.你现在应该表现得像个有责任心的成年人了。
③〔不用于名词前〕应承担责任；作为原由的（= being the cause of or to blame for sth）
Who should be responsible for the accident?谁应对这次事故负责？〔2008 福建〕
Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages.水资源短缺不完全是由人类活动造成的。
responsibility/rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/n. [U] & [C]
▸构词：responsible + -ity（名词后缀）
①责任；职责
● shoulder / take on (a) responsibility肩负 / 承担责任
It is our responsibility / We have a responsibility to protect the environment.我们有责任保护环境。
Jenny, you have responsibility for clearing up the room after the class.珍妮，你负责课后打扫教室。
Being the only wage earner put a great burden of responsibility on my father.作为家里唯一一个挣钱的人，我父亲肩上的担子很重。
②（对不良事件所负的）责任
Taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.对做错的事负责是非常成熟的标志。〔2010 天津〕
No one is willing to accept responsibility for the accident.没有人愿意对这次事故承担责任。
solution/səˈluːʃn/n. [C] 〔常与 to 连用〕R³ (P15)
解答；解决方法（= a way of solving a problem）
Here is the perfect solution to all your problems.这是解决你所有问题的最佳方法。
In the face of difficulties, she always seeks solutions to the problems.面对困难，她总是寻求解决问题的方法。
schedule/ˈʃedjuːl; ˈskedʒuːl/n. [C] & [U] / vt.R³ (P15)
n. 日程安排；时刻表（= a plan of things that will happen or of work that must be done / timetable）
[课文] make a workable schedule制定一个可行的时间表
● a class / train schedule课程表 / 列车时刻表
The majority of holiday flights depart and arrive on schedule.大部分假日航班都能按时起降。
Thanks to your help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.多亏你们的帮助，我们提前完成了任务。
The tunnel project has already fallen behind schedule.隧道工程的工期已经落后。
vt. 〔常用于被动语态〕安排；将……列入进度表（= plan that sth will happen at a particular time）
As scheduled, we have English Talent Show today.依照计划，我们今天会有英语才艺表演。
schedule sth (for sth)
The summer sale is scheduled for tomorrow.夏季大减价定于明日举行。
schedule sb / sth to do sth
The trip is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City.旅程定于 12 月 21 日从纽约市出发。
editor/ˈedɪtə(r)/n. [C](P15)
编辑；主编；编者；编辑者
▶editorial /ˌedɪˈtɔːriəl/ adj. 编辑的；主编的；n. [C] 社论
edit/ˈedɪt/vt.
编辑；剪辑
● edit a book编书
MeituPic is one of the most popular photo editing apps in China.美图秀秀是中国最流行的图片编辑应用程序之一。
Discovering Useful Structures |
plate/pleɪt/n. [C](P16)
①板块；（金属等的）平板
● the Pacific plate太平洋板块
The ship is covered with steel plates.这船被钢板外壳包裹着。
②盘子；碟子；一道菜
● a plate of fish / a cold plate一盘鱼 / 一道凉菜
③（印有名字或数字的）金属牌
● a car's license plate汽车牌照
Listening and Talking |
adventure/ədˈventʃə(r)/n. [U] & [C]R³ (P17)
▸构词：ad-(to) + vent (to come) + -ure（名词后缀）
①冒险
Do you like adventure in your life?生活中你喜欢冒险吗？
②冒险经历；奇遇
● The Adventures of Tom Sawyer《汤姆·索亚历险记》
Columbus' discovery of the New World was an adventure.哥伦布发现新大陆是一次奇遇。
youth/juːθ/n. [U] / [C](P17)
①青年时期
He worked with wood during his early youth.他年轻时当过木匠。
②青春；朝气
Her face still kept its youth.她的面容青春犹驻。
③青年男子；小伙子
④〔集体名词，常与 the 连用〕〔统称〕年轻人；青年
The youth of today has / have greater opportunities than ever before.现在的年轻人拥有的机会比以往任何时候都要多。
survival/səˈvaɪvl/n. [U] & [C]R³ (P17)
▸构词：survive（生存、幸存）+ -al（名词后缀）
①幸存；继续生存
[课文] survival skills生存技能
● the survival of the fittest适者生存
● the struggle for survival求生
②幸存物；残存物
The ceremony is a survival from ancient times.这种仪式是从古代遗留下来的。
expert/ˈekspɜːt/adj. / n. [C]R² (P17)
adj. 专家的；内行的
He is expert at / in driving cars.他开车技术娴熟。
n. [C] 专家；内行（= specialist）
● an expert at playing golf打高尔夫球的高手
● an expert in / on psychology心理学专家
Reading for Writing |
behavio(u)r/bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/n. [U] & [C]R¹ (P18)
▸构词：behave（表现）+ -io(u)r（名词后缀）
①行为；举止
This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.在这个家庭，不良行为逃不过惩罚。
I think all of us should mind our behavior in public places.我认为我们大家都应该注意在公共场所的行为举止。〔2012 福建书面表达〕
I hope everyone was on their best behavior for the substitute teacher yesterday.我希望在昨天代课老师的课上，每个人都表现得很好。
②（物体等）反应；性能；行为方式；习性
● the behavior of tin under heat锡在受热情况下发生的变化
Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behavior.在简之前没有人能够全面了解大猩猩的习性。
generation/ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/n. [U] & [C]R³ (P18)
①（尤指电、热等的）产生
● the generation of electricity by steam蒸汽发电
②代；世代；一代人
● from generation to generation世世代代
● the younger / older generation年轻的一代 / 老一辈
Our understanding of education, work and society is different from that of the earlier generation.我们对教育、工作和社会的认识和上一代人不同。〔2012 湖北〕
● the new generation of Huawei smartphones新一代华为智能手机
attract/əˈtrækt/vt.(P18)
▸构词：at-(to) + tract (to draw)
吸引；引起（……的兴趣）
Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.狄更斯的写作风格吸引了来自各行各业的读者。〔2018 浙江〕
● attract ... to / be attracted to把……吸引到 / 被……吸引
[课文] It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world.你们这一代的青少年被电脑游戏和网络世界吸引，这没有什么不正常。
What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.这项工作最吸引我的是有机会旅游。
attraction/əˈtrækʃn/n. [U] & [C]
▸构词：attract + -ion（名词后缀）
①吸引；吸引力
When we met at the restaurant I felt an immediate attraction for him.我们在饭馆相遇时，我一下子就被他吸引住了。
②有吸引力的事物 / 人；景点
Hampton Court Palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.汉普顿宫作为重要的旅游景点对公众开放。〔2015 全国改〕
attractive/əˈtræktɪv/adj.
▸构词：attract + -ive（形容词后缀）
有吸引力的；有魅力的
This is one of the most attractive places I've been to.这是我到过的最迷人的地方之一。
focus/ˈfəʊkəs/n. [C] & [U] / vt. & vi.R² (P18)
n. ①（光、声等的）焦点；（眼睛、镜头的）焦距
The focus on my camera isn't working properly.我的照相机上的调焦装置失灵了。
n. ②（活动、注意力、兴趣等的）中心点 / 集中点
The focus of attention has changed.关注的焦点转移了。
We shall maintain our focus on the needs of the customer.我们将继续关注顾客的需求。
● bring ... into focus / come into focus（使）成为焦点
● in focus焦点对准的；清晰的
● out of focus焦点未对准的；模糊不清的
vt. & vi. ①（使）聚焦；调节（……的）焦距
She turned the camera and focused on Martin's face.她转过镜头对准马丁的脸。
vt. & vi. ②集中（注意力、精力等）
The other team was brilliant and we really had to focus.另一队很优秀，我们必须集中精力。
focus (...) on / upon 集中（……）于；聚焦（……）于
[课文] Spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.花费太多时间上网有损健康，也会让我们很难把精力放在生活中的其他事情上。
By focusing on saving oil, water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part in cutting down on waste.通过注重节约油、水、纸张、食品和衣物，我们在减少浪费方面正发挥着作用。
▶focus(s)ed /ˈfəʊkəst/ adj. 注意力集中的
addicted/əˈdɪktɪd/adj.R¹ (P18)
▸构词：addict + -ed（形容词后缀）
上瘾的；入迷的
● (be) addicted to (doing) sth对（做）某事入迷
[课文] Some students become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life.有些学生上网成瘾，无法把精力集中在学习和家庭生活上。
He admits that recently he has become addicted to playing online games.他承认最近他沉迷于玩网络游戏。
addict/ˈædɪkt/n. [C]
吸毒上瘾的人；对……着迷的人
● a drug addict吸毒成瘾的人；瘾君子
● a TV / football / video game addict电视迷 / 足球迷 / 电子游戏迷
addiction/əˈdɪkʃn/n. [U] & [C]R²
▸构词：addict + -ion（名词后缀）
上瘾；热衷
● drug / alcohol / Internet / online shopping addiction毒瘾 / 酒瘾 / 网瘾 / 网购瘾
She overcame her addiction to alcohol.她戒掉了酒瘾。〔2010 湖南改〕
adult/ˈædʌlt; əˈdʌlt/n. [C] / adj.(P19)
n. [C] 成年人（= grown-up）
adj. 成年的；成熟的
adulthood/ˈædʌlthʊd/n. [U]
成年（时期）
▸构词：adult + -hood（名词后缀；表示时期）