2026年10月21日雅思写作真题解析(2篇)

2026年10月21日雅思写作真题一

Scientific research should be carried out and controlled by governments rather than private companies.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

真题解析

本题要求考生讨论科学研究是否应该完全由政府开展并控制，而不是交由私营企业负责。审题关键在于区分研究资金来源、研究执行主体与研究成果的监管权。政府能够保障基础研究的长期投入和公共利益，但私营企业往往拥有更强的市场导向、创新动力和成果转化能力。高分文章应比较双方的优势与局限，通过具体科学研究案例展开论证，并提出兼顾科学进步、社会责任与技术创新的合理立场。

关键词解析

1. Scientific research科学研究

指通过系统的观察、实验和分析获取新知识，涵盖基础科学、医学、工程学、环境科学及应用技术等领域。

高级表达：

fundamental scientific research【基础科学研究】

applied scientific research【应用科学研究】

scientific breakthroughs【科学突破】

technological innovation【技术创新】

evidence-based research【以证据为基础的研究】

2. Be carried out by governments由政府开展

强调政府作为研究的资助者、组织者或执行者。需要注意，政府出资并不意味着所有研究都必须由政府机构亲自完成。

高级表达：

government-funded research【政府资助的研究】

public investment in scientific research【对科学研究的公共投资】

state-sponsored research programmes【国家资助的研究项目】

allocate public funds to research【将公共资金分配给科研】

support long-term scientific investigations【支持长期科学研究】

3. Be controlled by governments由政府控制

强调谁来决定研究方向、资金分配、伦理标准和成果使用方式，而不仅仅是谁支付研究费用。

高级表达：

government oversight【政府监督】

regulatory safeguards【监管保障措施】

ethical research standards【科研伦理标准】

ensure scientific accountability【确保科研问责】

safeguard the public interest【维护公共利益】

4. Private companies私营企业

指以商业经营为主要目的的企业，可以通过研发投入推动新药、人工智能、清洁能源及其他技术的发展。

高级表达：

private-sector investment【私营部门投资】

corporate research and development (R&D)【企业研究与开发】

commercial applications【商业应用】

market-driven innovation【市场驱动的创新】

bring scientific discoveries to market【将科学发现推向市场】

思路拓展

观点一：政府应当主导基础科学研究

基础科学研究往往需要多年甚至数十年的投入，而且不一定能迅速产生经济回报。私营企业通常需要考虑投资回报率，因此可能不愿意投资那些商业前景不明朗、但对人类社会具有长期价值的研究。政府能够通过公共财政支持这些项目，使科学研究不完全受短期利润驱动。

Governments are better positioned to fund fundamental research【更有条件资助基础研究】because such projects often require sustained investment【持续投入】 and may take decades to yield practical benefits【可能需要数十年才能产生实际效益】. Unlike private companies, which are accountable to shareholders and expected to generate profits, public institutions can prioritise research that addresses long-term societal needs【满足长期社会需求】 rather than immediate commercial returns【眼前的商业回报】.

举例论证：

For example, research into climate systems and biodiversity may not generate immediate profits for individual companies. Nevertheless, government-funded investigations can provide essential scientific evidence for environmental protection policies and help societies prepare for the long-term consequences of climate change.

例如，气候系统与生物多样性研究可能无法立即为企业创造利润，但政府资助的研究能够为环境保护政策提供重要的科学依据，并帮助社会应对气候变化的长期后果。

观点二：私营企业能够加快技术创新

私营企业通常更接近市场需求，能够快速识别消费者和产业的实际问题。竞争机制促使企业持续研发新产品、改善技术，并将实验室中的研究成果转化为日常生活中可以使用的产品和服务。

Private companies can accelerate technological innovation【加速技术创新】by responding directly to market demand【直接回应市场需求】. Competition encourages businesses to improve existing technologies, reduce production costs and develop commercially viable products【开发具有商业可行性的产品】. Furthermore, private investment can mobilise substantial financial resources【调动大量资金】 and reduce the burden on public budgets【减轻公共预算的负担】.

举例论证：

For instance, pharmaceutical companies invest heavily in developing new medicines and improving existing treatments. Once promising discoveries emerge from academic laboratories, private-sector expertise in clinical development, manufacturing and distribution can help translate scientific knowledge into treatments that reach patients on a large scale.

例如，制药企业会投入大量资金研发新药并改进现有疗法。当学术实验室取得有前景的发现后，私营部门在临床开发、生产和分销方面的专业能力，可以帮助将科学知识转化为能够大规模惠及患者的治疗方案。

观点三：完全由政府控制也存在局限

如果所有科研决策都集中在政府手中，资金分配可能受到行政程序和优先事项变化的影响，研究人员的自主性也可能受到限制。因此，政府应当制定伦理与安全标准、提供必要资助，但不应过度干预每一个具体研究项目。

Placing all scientific research under direct government control may create excessive bureaucracy【造成过度的官僚程序】and limit researchers' autonomy【限制研究人员的自主权】. Research priorities may also shift with changes in political leadership, potentially disrupting long-term projects【可能中断长期项目】. A more effective arrangement would allow universities and independent research institutions to retain academic freedom【保留学术自由】 while operating within transparent ethical and regulatory frameworks【透明的伦理与监管框架】.

举例论证：

For example, a university research team investigating an emerging infectious disease may need the freedom to revise its hypotheses and experimental methods as new evidence becomes available. Excessive administrative interference could delay critical investigations, whereas appropriate public oversight can maintain ethical standards without unnecessarily restricting scientific exploration.

例如，研究新发传染病的大学团队可能需要根据新证据调整研究假设和实验方法。过度的行政干预可能延误关键研究，而适当的公共监督则能够在维护伦理标准的同时，避免不必要地限制科学探索。

观点四：政府监管与企业研发可以并存

政府和企业并非只能二选一。政府可以资助基础研究、制定安全规范并监督伦理问题；企业则可以在这些规范下投入应用研发、改进技术并实现成果转化。这样的合作既能维护公共利益，又能提高科研效率。

Rather than granting either sector exclusive control【将排他性的控制权交给任何一方】, governments and private companies should operate within a collaborative framework【在合作框架下运作】. Public authorities can establish research priorities, enforce ethical safeguards and support socially valuable projects, while businesses contribute funding, technical expertise and commercialisation capacity【商业化能力】. This division of responsibilities can strike a balance between scientific integrity【科研诚信】and technological progress【技术进步】.

高分范文

Scientific research plays a crucial role in technological advancement【技术进步】and social development【社会发展】. Some people argue that scientific research should be conducted and controlled by governments rather than private companies. While I agree that governments should take primary responsibility for funding essential research and protecting the public interest【维护公共利益】, I believe that private companies also have an important role to play in promoting innovation and developing practical applications.

On the one hand, government involvement is essential because some scientific research generates significant social benefits【产生显著的社会效益】but offers limited immediate financial returns【短期经济回报有限】. Private companies tend to prioritise projects with strong commercial potential【具有较大商业潜力的项目】, meaning that research into less profitable areas may receive insufficient funding【资金不足】. For example, investigations into climate change and biodiversity may not generate immediate profits, yet they provide essential evidence for environmental protection and sustainable development【可持续发展】. In contrast, government funding ensures that these critical areas receive long-term financial support【长期资金支持】, allowing scientists to address pressing global challenges【应对紧迫的全球挑战】 and generate benefits for society as a whole【为整个社会创造利益】. Furthermore, public investment can help ensure that scientific advances are not limited to wealthy individuals or commercially attractive markets, but contribute to a more equitable society【更加公平的社会】.

On the other hand, allowing private companies to participate in scientific research can accelerate technological innovation【加速技术创新】and improve research efficiency【提高研究效率】. Businesses often possess substantial financial resources, specialised expertise and a strong incentive to develop commercially viable products【具有商业可行性的产品】. Unlike some publicly funded projects, which may involve lengthy administrative procedures【冗长的行政程序】, private companies can respond quickly to market demand【迅速回应市场需求】 and bring new technologies to consumers. For instance, pharmaceutical companies invest heavily in developing new medicines and improving existing treatments. By combining scientific discoveries with clinical trials, advanced manufacturing and efficient distribution networks【高效的分销网络】, they can transform laboratory research into treatments that benefit patients on a large scale【使大量患者受益】. Such innovation not only improves public health but also creates employment opportunities【创造就业机会】 and stimulates economic growth【促进经济增长】.

Nevertheless, private-sector involvement should be subject to appropriate government oversight【适当的政府监督】. When commercial profitability becomes the overriding priority【首要目标】, companies may neglect research into diseases that primarily affect disadvantaged populations【主要影响弱势群体的疾病】or charge unaffordable prices for essential medicines【对基本药物收取难以负担的价格】. Governments should therefore establish clear ethical standards【明确的伦理标准】, ensure research transparency【确保研究透明度】 and prevent the misuse of scientific discoveries. At the same time, excessive government control could restrict academic freedom【限制学术自由】 and discourage unconventional ideas【抑制非传统的研究思路】. A balanced framework that combines public regulation with scientific independence【科研独立性】 would be more effective than placing all research under the exclusive control of one sector.

In conclusion, I disagree that scientific research should be carried out and controlled entirely by governments. Although public authorities should fund research that serves long-term societal needs and establish regulations to protect the public interest, private companies are equally important in driving innovation and commercialising scientific discoveries【实现科学发现的商业化】. Cooperation between the two sectors is therefore the most effective way to promote scientific progress while ensuring that its benefits are widely shared【确保其成果得到广泛共享】.

高级词汇搭配

科学研究与技术创新

1. play a pivotal role in scientific advancement【在科学进步中发挥关键作用】

2. advance human knowledge【推动人类知识进步】

3. conduct fundamental research【开展基础研究】

4. accelerate technological innovation【加速技术创新】

5. translate scientific discoveries into practical applications【将科学发现转化为实际应用】

6. bring innovative products to market【将创新产品推向市场】

7. promote interdisciplinary collaboration【促进跨学科合作】

8. drive technological breakthroughs【推动技术突破】

政府职能与公共利益

9. allocate public funds to research【将公共资金分配给科研】

10. safeguard the public interest【维护公共利益】

11. address pressing societal challenges【应对紧迫的社会挑战】

12. establish clear regulatory standards【制定明确的监管标准】

13. ensure scientific accountability【确保科研问责】

14. uphold research ethics【维护科研伦理】

15. inform evidence-based policymaking【为循证政策制定提供依据】

16. deliver broad social benefits【带来广泛的社会效益】

企业投资与商业回报

17. mobilise substantial investment capital【调动大量投资资本】

18. generate commercial returns【产生商业回报】

19. respond to market demand【回应市场需求】

20. turn research findings into viable products【将研究成果转化为可行的产品】

21. reduce production costs【降低生产成本】

22. attract private-sector investment【吸引私营部门投资】

23. prioritise commercially viable projects【优先考虑具有商业可行性的项目】

24. achieve economies of scale【实现规模经济】

科研风险与合作模式

25. be driven solely by market forces【完全受市场力量驱动】

26. compromise scientific integrity【损害科研诚信】

27. restrict academic freedom【限制学术自由】

28. impose excessive bureaucratic constraints【施加过度的官僚限制】

29. strike a balance between innovation and accountability【在创新与问责之间取得平衡】

30. establish a mutually beneficial partnership【建立互利合作关系】

同类话题拓展

题目一：政府是否应该资助所有科学研究

Some people believe that governments should spend more money on scientific research, while others think that public funds should be used to improve essential services such as healthcare and education. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

一些人认为政府应该增加科学研究方面的支出，而另一些人认为公共资金应当用于改善医疗和教育等基本公共服务。讨论双方观点并给出你的看法。

题目二：科技发展是否弊大于利

Scientific and technological developments have improved people's lives, but some people believe that they have also created serious problems for society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

科学与技术的发展改善了人们的生活，但一些人认为这些发展也给社会带来了严重问题。你在多大程度上同意或不同意？

题目三：企业是否应该承担更多社会责任

Some people believe that the main responsibility of private companies is to make profits, while others argue that they should also consider their impact on society and the environment. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

一些人认为私营企业的主要责任是盈利，而另一些人认为企业还应该考虑其对社会和环境的影响。讨论双方观点并给出你的看法。

题目四：医学研究应该优先关注什么

Some people think that medical research should focus on preventing diseases, while others believe that developing new treatments is more important. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

一些人认为医学研究应重点关注疾病预防，而另一些人认为研发新的治疗方法更重要。讨论双方观点并给出你的看法。

题目五：新技术是否应该受到严格监管

Some people believe that new technologies should be strictly regulated by governments before they are introduced to the public. Others think that excessive regulation may hinder innovation. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

一些人认为新技术在向公众推出之前应受到政府的严格监管，而另一些人认为过度监管可能阻碍创新。讨论双方观点并给出你的看法。

2026年10月21日雅思写作真题二

Doctors recommend thatolder people exercise regularly. However, many of them do not get enough exercise. What are the reasons? What can be done to encourage them to exercise more?

真题解析

本题属于典型的原因与解决措施题，要求分别解释老年人运动不足的原因，并提出切实可行的鼓励措施。审题时应注意，题目关注的是老年人为什么没有达到建议的运动量，而不是讨论运动是否有益。原因可从身体状况、心理障碍、生活环境和社会支持四个方面展开；解决措施则应与原因对应，例如提供低强度运动课程、改善公共设施、开展医生指导的运动计划，以及通过同伴活动提高参与度。高分关键在于建立清晰的因果链，并通过具体例子充分论证。

关键词解析

1. Older people老年人

高级替换：

older adults【老年人】

the ageing population【老龄人口】

elderly individuals【老年群体中的个人】

people in later life【处于晚年阶段的人们】

senior citizens【老年公民】

写作提醒：older adults在正式写作中自然、尊重，适合反复讨论老年人的健康与生活方式。

2. Exercise regularly定期锻炼

高级替换：

engage in regular physical activity【定期进行身体活动】

maintain an active lifestyle【保持积极活跃的生活方式】

participate in low-impact exercise【参与低冲击运动】

incorporate physical activity into daily routines【将身体活动融入日常生活】

meet recommended activity levels【达到建议的运动量】

3. Do not get enough exercise缺乏足够的锻炼

高级替换：

lead a sedentary lifestyle【过着久坐少动的生活】

fail to meet recommended exercise levels【未达到建议的运动量】

have insufficient levels of physical activity【身体活动量不足】

experience prolonged physical inactivity【长期缺乏身体活动】

struggle to remain physically active【难以保持身体活跃】

4. Encourage them to exercise more鼓励他们增加锻炼

高级替换：

promote physical activity among older adults【促进老年人参与身体活动】

remove barriers to exercise【消除运动障碍】

facilitate participation in exercise programmes【促进参与运动项目】

provide accessible fitness opportunities【提供便利的健身机会】

foster sustainable exercise habits【培养可持续的运动习惯】

思路拓展

原因一：身体机能下降与运动风险

随着年龄增长，一些老年人会出现肌肉力量下降、关节疼痛、平衡能力减弱等问题。他们可能担心运动加重不适，或者在户外活动时跌倒，因此主动减少身体活动。这里要注意，不是所有老年人都存在这些问题，而是部分老年人面临的实际障碍。

Age-related physical decline【与年龄相关的身体机能衰退】can make exercise increasingly challenging for some older adults. Reduced muscle strength and impaired balance【肌肉力量减弱和平衡能力受损】 may increase their perceived risk of falling【对跌倒风险的感知】, discouraging them from participating in physical activities.

例如，一位膝关节疼痛、平衡能力较差的老人，可能不愿独自到公园快走，因为他担心摔倒后无人帮助。久而久之，运动量进一步下降，身体活动能力也可能受到影响。

原因二：缺乏动力与社交支持

退休后，部分老年人的日常生活规律发生变化，缺少固定的工作安排和社交活动。如果他们独自锻炼，容易觉得枯燥，也难以坚持。此外，一些人误以为只有高强度运动才能改善健康，因此在觉得自己无法完成时干脆放弃。

A lack of motivation【缺乏动力】and limited social interaction【有限的社会交往】 can also discourage older people from exercising regularly. Without structured daily routines【有规律的日常安排】 or companionship【同伴陪伴】, physical activity may feel like a burdensome task rather than an enjoyable habit【令人愉快的习惯】.

例如，一位独居老人可能很少主动出门锻炼，但如果社区每周组织固定的晨间散步小组，他就能在与邻居交流的同时保持身体活动，因而更容易长期坚持。

解决办法一：提供安全、适龄的运动项目

社区和医疗机构可以根据老年人的身体状况，提供不同强度的步行、平衡训练、太极和水中运动课程。对于有慢性疾病或行动不便的人，可以先咨询医护人员，再选择适合自己的活动，避免因为担心风险而完全停止锻炼。

Local authorities and healthcare providers should offer tailored exercise programmes【量身定制的运动项目】that accommodate different levels of mobility【适应不同程度的行动能力】. Activities such as gentle walking, tai chi and balance training can provide accessible alternatives to strenuous workouts【高强度锻炼】.

例如，社区可以在公园安排由受过培训的教练带领的晨间太极课程，并为行动能力较弱的参与者提供椅子辅助练习。这样既降低了参与门槛，也有助于老年人逐步建立运动信心。

解决办法二：改善公共设施并增强社交激励

政府可以改善人行道、公共公园和社区活动中心，增加长椅、无障碍通道及适老化健身设施。社区还可以组织结伴步行、家庭运动日和低成本健身课程，让锻炼成为日常生活中的社交活动，而不是孤立的任务。

Governments should improve age-friendly public spaces【适老化公共空间】and expand access to affordable community activities【扩大人们参与价格合理的社区活动的机会】. Group-based programmes【团体活动项目】 can provide social encouragement【社交鼓励】, strengthen a sense of belonging【增强归属感】 and help older adults develop sustainable exercise habits【培养可持续的运动习惯】.

例如，如果住宅区附近设有平整安全的步行道、充足的休息座椅和定期开展的免费团体课程，老年人就更容易在熟悉的环境中参与运动，而不必承担高昂的健身费用或复杂的交通安排。

高分范文

Although doctors frequently recommend regular exercise for older adults, many fail to meet the recommended levels of physical activity. This can be attributed to a combination of physical limitations, psychological barriers and inadequate community facilities. To address this problem, governments, healthcare providers and local communities should work together to make exercise safer, more accessible and more enjoyable.

One major reason is that age-related physical decline【与年龄相关的身体机能衰退】can make exercise more challenging. Some older people experience joint pain, reduced muscle strength or impaired balance, which may increase their fear of falling【对跌倒的恐惧】. Consequently, they may avoid physical activity altogether rather than risk injury. Another contributing factor is a lack of motivation【缺乏动力】, particularly among those who live alone or have limited social interaction. Without companionship or a structured daily routine【有规律的日常安排】, exercise can seem monotonous and difficult to maintain. For example, an elderly person with knee pain may be reluctant to walk alone in a park, especially if there are few benches or no suitable walking paths. Even when aware of the health benefits, such individuals may struggle to turn medical advice into a consistent habit【将医疗建议转化为持续的习惯】.

To encourage greater participation, governments and communities should provide accessible, age-appropriate exercise programmes【适合老年人的运动项目】. Local health centres could offer supervised activities such as gentle aerobics, tai chi and balance training, allowing older adults to exercise according to their physical capabilities【根据自身身体能力进行锻炼】. For instance, a community centre could organise free morning classes led by trained instructors, with modified exercises for participants with limited mobility. This would reduce the perceived risks of exercise【降低人们对运动风险的担忧】while helping participants build confidence. In addition, local authorities should invest in age-friendly public spaces【适老化公共空间】, including well-maintained walking paths, accessible parks and strategically placed benches. Organising group walks and neighbourhood fitness clubs would also provide social encouragement【社交鼓励】, making exercise a more enjoyable shared activity rather than an individual obligation.

In conclusion, older people may exercise insufficiently because of physical difficulties, low motivation and a lack of suitable facilities. By providing tailored exercise programmes, improving public infrastructure and encouraging social participation, governments and communities can remove these barriers【消除这些障碍】and help older adults maintain a more active and independent lifestyle【更积极、独立的生活方式】.

高级词汇搭配

身体健康与运动障碍

1. age-related physical decline【与年龄相关的身体机能衰退】

2. reduced muscle strength【肌肉力量下降】

3. impaired balance and mobility【平衡能力与行动能力受损】

4. an increased risk of falls【跌倒风险增加】

5. chronic joint pain【慢性关节疼痛】

6. sedentary behaviour【久坐行为】

7. physical inactivity【缺乏身体活动】

8. maintain physical fitness【保持身体健康】

心理与社会因素

9. a lack of motivation【缺乏动力】

10. limited social interaction【有限的社会交往】

11. a lack of companionship【缺乏陪伴】

12. overcome psychological barriers【克服心理障碍】

13. develop a consistent exercise routine【形成规律的运动习惯】

14. build confidence in physical abilities【增强对自身身体能力的信心】

15. foster a sense of belonging【培养归属感】

政府与社区解决措施

16. provide tailored exercise programmes【提供量身定制的运动项目】

17. improve access to fitness facilities【改善健身设施的可及性】

18. invest in age-friendly infrastructure【投资建设适老化基础设施】

19. organise community-based activities【组织社区活动】

20. provide professional supervision【提供专业指导】

21. remove barriers to physical activity【消除参与身体活动的障碍】

22. promote active ageing【促进积极老龄化】

23. encourage lifelong physical activity【鼓励终身参与身体活动】

效果与长远影响

24. reduce the risk of chronic diseases【降低慢性疾病风险】

25. preserve mobility and independence【保持行动能力与独立性】

26. improve overall quality of life【提高整体生活质量】

27. enhance psychological well-being【改善心理健康】

28. reduce the burden on healthcare systems【减轻医疗体系的负担】

29. sustain long-term participation【维持长期参与】

30. create a supportive exercise environment【营造支持性的运动环境】

同类话题拓展

题目一：现代人缺乏锻炼的原因与措施

Many people today lead increasingly sedentary lifestyles despite being aware of the health benefits of exercise. What are the reasons for this, and what measures can be taken to encourage people to be more physically active?

尽管许多人知道运动有益健康，但如今越来越多的人过着久坐少动的生活。原因是什么？可以采取哪些措施鼓励人们增加身体活动？

题目二：政府是否应该提供免费的体育设施

Some people believe that governments should provide free sports facilities for the public, while others think that individuals should pay for their own fitness activities. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

一些人认为政府应该为公众提供免费的体育设施，而另一些人认为个人应该自行承担健身费用。讨论双方观点并给出你的看法。

题目三：老年人应该如何获得更好的照顾

In many countries, the proportion of older people is increasing. What problems does this cause for individuals and society, and what measures can be taken to address them?

在许多国家，老年人口比例不断上升。这会给个人和社会带来哪些问题？可以采取哪些措施解决这些问题？

题目四：预防疾病还是治疗疾病更重要

Some people believe that governments should spend more money on preventing illnesses rather than treating people who are already sick. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

一些人认为政府应该将更多资金用于预防疾病，而不是治疗已经患病的人。你在多大程度上同意或不同意？

题目五：社区活动能否改善老年人的生活

Some people believe that community activities are the best way to improve the quality of life of older people, while others think that financial support and healthcare services are more important. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

一些人认为社区活动是改善老年人生活质量的最佳方式，而另一些人认为经济支持和医疗服务更加重要。讨论双方观点并给出你的看法。