高中英语写作总差一口气?奇速英语讲透 with 结构和独立主格

高中作文里，能把两个短句合成一句的孩子，卷面立刻不一样。The rain was heavy. We stayed inside. 两句都成立，但平。换成 With the rain falling heavily, we stayed inside. 意思没变，句子立起来了。

with 结构长什么样

with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。补足语可以是分词、不定式、介词短语、形容词、副词。

With the light on, he fell asleep.（介词短语）

With his head down, he said nothing.（副词）

补足语怎么选：看主动被动，看做完没做完

doing：宾语自己正在做，主动进行。With the baby sleeping, she cleaned the room.

done：宾语被做，或动作已完成。With the work finished, he went home.

to do：事情还没做，将要去做。With a lot of homework to do, he stayed up late.

一句话记：主动进行用 doing，被动完成用 done，尚未发生用 to do。

独立主格：把 with 拿掉

with 结构去掉 with，就是独立主格：名词或代词 + 分词。

Weather permitting, we will set off at six.

The work done, she went out for a walk.

这两句里，permitting 的主语是 weather，done 的主语是 the work——和主句主语不一致，所以必须自己带一个“小主语”，这也是它叫“独立”的原因。常见的还有 The meeting over、The sun having set、All things considered，这几个几乎是固定搭配，记下来就能直接用。

它到底解决什么问题

一是把两个短句变一句，句子有层次；二是交代背景与伴随状态，比用 and 连接干净；三是读后续写里格外好用，一个 with 就能把环境、动作、情绪一起带出来。

With tears in her eyes, she nodded.（情绪）

With the wind howling outside, he closed the window.（环境）

位置上的一点讲究

with 结构放句首，多半是交代背景；放句末，多半是补充细节。

With the door open, he walked in.（背景）

He walked in, with the door open.（细节）

两种都成立，但一句话里别塞两个 with，读起来会喘不过气。

读后续写里，两处就够

一篇续写不必句句带 with。开头用一处交代环境，中段用一处写人物动作或情绪，就足够让评卷人看到句式的层次；用多了反而显得刻意。

两个高频错法

错法一：垂悬。Walking down the street, the trees were green. 走路的不是 trees。改成 Walking down the street, I saw the green trees.

错法二：with 后面乱加 being。With the work being finished, he went home. 已完成就是 done，不必加 being；只有强调“正在被”时才用 being done。

三个能让句子立刻变好的模板

With + 时间或天气 + 分词：With winter coming, the days are getting shorter.

With + 情绪 + 介词短语：With a smile on his face, he accepted the offer.

独立主格收尾：The meeting over, everyone left quickly.

随堂小练（答案在文末）

1. With the problem ______ (settle), we all felt relieved.

2. With so much work ______ (do), I can't go out tonight.

3. 改错：With the boy cried, his mother came over.

4. 合并：The sun had set. We hurried home.（用独立主格）

5. 改错：Having finished the work, the paper was handed in.

答案：1. settled　2. to do　3. cried → crying　4. The sun having set, we hurried home.　5. 改为 Having finished the work, he handed in the paper.（原句主语不一致）

奇速英语讲这一块，习惯先给判断的顺序，再给动手改的题。规则不多，但每一条都要练到能用——写作的分，藏在句子的形状里。

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